This presentation discusses prefabricated building components. It covers prefabrication systems including large panel systems, frame systems, and slab-column systems. Manufacturing processes are described for various components like roof slabs, floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, shear walls, beams, and columns. Specific component types like floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, and shear walls are explained in more detail. Architectural and structural design aspects of using prefabricated components are also addressed.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
This document provides an overview of prefabricated modular structures. It discusses the introduction and features of prefabricated structures, comparing them to site-cast structures. It outlines the design concept, components, types of precast systems including large panel, frame, and lift-slab systems. It also discusses design considerations, equipment used, assembly process, scheduling, advantages including reduced costs and time, limitations, and concludes with examples of prefabricated hospital structures.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
This document provides an overview of prefabricated modular structures. It discusses the introduction and features of prefabricated structures, comparing them to site-cast structures. It outlines the design concept, components, types of precast systems including large panel, frame, and lift-slab systems. It also discusses design considerations, equipment used, assembly process, scheduling, advantages including reduced costs and time, limitations, and concludes with examples of prefabricated hospital structures.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
Prefabricated structures involve assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. This allows sections of walls, floors, and roofs to be prefabricated off-site and then lifted into place using a crane. Prefabrication aims to reduce costs, improve quality control, and speed up construction by eliminating on-site curing. Common materials used include concrete, steel, wood, and aluminum due to their strength, availability, and suitability for prefabrication. Modular coordination and standardization are important principles to simplify construction and assembly of prefabricated components. Various types of cranes such as tower cranes and mobile cranes are used to transport and erect prefabric
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
Shear walls are vertical reinforced concrete walls that resist lateral forces like wind and earthquakes. They provide strength and stiffness to control lateral building movement. Shear walls are classified into different types including simple rectangular, coupled, rigid frame, framed with infill, column supported, and core type walls. Design of shear walls involves reviewing the building layout, determining loads, estimating earthquake forces, analyzing the structural system, and designing for flexural and shear strengths with proper reinforcement detailing. The behavior of shear walls under seismic loading depends on their height to width ratio, with squat walls experiencing more shear deformation and slender walls undergoing primarily bending deformation.
Flat slabs are reinforced concrete slabs that are supported directly by columns without beams. They provide minimum depth, fast construction, and flexible column placement. There are four main types: slabs without drops and with column heads, slabs with drops and without column heads, slabs with both drops and column heads, and typical flat slabs. Column heads increase shear strength while drops increase shear strength and negative moment capacity. Flat slab systems can be either one-way or two-way depending on span ratios and load distribution. Advantages include simple formwork, no beams, and minimum depth, while disadvantages include potential interference from drops.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
This document provides information on industrial buildings, including their components and factors to consider in design. Key points include:
- Industrial buildings are used for manufacturing and storage by industries and include steel plants, warehouses, and factories.
- Site selection considers access, raw materials, utilities, land characteristics, and transportation.
- Major components include the roof, trusses, purlins, girts, bracing, and foundations.
- Design considerations cover roofing/wall materials, bay widths, structural framing, truss configurations, and bracing to resist lateral loads.
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
An Introduction to Prefabricated structuresSofia Rajesh
This document provides an overview of prefabricated structures. It defines prefabrication as assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. Key points include:
- Prefabrication offers benefits like faster construction, improved quality control, and reduced waste.
- There are different methods of prefabrication including plant and site prefabrication. Systems can be classified by size and degree of prefabrication.
- Standardization of components improves design, manufacturing and construction.
- The prefabrication process involves manufacturing components, stacking, transportation, and erecting them on-site using cranes or other machinery.
The document discusses structural steel, including its composition, properties, types, and applications in construction. It describes how steel is made from iron with added elements, and its varying properties based on carbon content. The types discussed are mild steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel. Common structural steel applications mentioned include beams, columns, trusses, and framing for buildings like airports and stadiums.
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
formwork for concrete slab
beam formwork
steel formwork
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what is formwork in construction
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plywood disadvantages
advantage plywood
advantages and disadvantages of wood
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plywood formwork for concrete
mdf advantages and disadvantages
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Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil. Different types of footings include wall footings, isolated/single footings, combined footings, cantilever/strap footings, continuous footings, rafted/mat foundations, and pile caps. Footings must be designed to safely carry and transmit loads to the soil while meeting code requirements regarding bearing capacity, settlement, reinforcement, and shear strength. A proper footing design involves determining loads, allowable soil pressure, reinforcement requirements, and assessing settlement.
The document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete components are cast off-site in a controlled environment and transported to the construction site for assembly. This allows for standardized, mass produced elements.
- Large precast concrete panels form the walls and floors, connecting vertically and horizontally. When joined, they form a rigid box structure that transfers lateral loads.
- Connections between precast elements can be either dry joints using bolts/welds, or monolithic placement with concrete poured to join components.
The document discusses precast concrete buildings. It begins with an introduction to precast construction and its advantages over conventional construction. It then describes various precast elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls, and connections. It discusses construction methodology, design considerations, cost comparison to cast-in-situ, standards, and provides case studies of precast buildings in India and abroad.
Shear walls are vertical structural elements designed to resist lateral forces like winds and earthquakes. They work by transferring shear forces throughout their height and resisting uplift forces. Properly designed and constructed shear wall buildings are very stable and ductile, providing warnings before collapse during severe earthquakes. Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, and steel plate shear walls. Shear walls are an effective and efficient way to resist lateral loads in seismic regions.
Prefabricated structures involve assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. This allows sections of walls, floors, and roofs to be prefabricated off-site and then lifted into place using a crane. Prefabrication aims to reduce costs, improve quality control, and speed up construction by eliminating on-site curing. Common materials used include concrete, steel, wood, and aluminum due to their strength, availability, and suitability for prefabrication. Modular coordination and standardization are important principles to simplify construction and assembly of prefabricated components. Various types of cranes such as tower cranes and mobile cranes are used to transport and erect prefabric
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
Shear walls are vertical reinforced concrete walls that resist lateral forces like wind and earthquakes. They provide strength and stiffness to control lateral building movement. Shear walls are classified into different types including simple rectangular, coupled, rigid frame, framed with infill, column supported, and core type walls. Design of shear walls involves reviewing the building layout, determining loads, estimating earthquake forces, analyzing the structural system, and designing for flexural and shear strengths with proper reinforcement detailing. The behavior of shear walls under seismic loading depends on their height to width ratio, with squat walls experiencing more shear deformation and slender walls undergoing primarily bending deformation.
Flat slabs are reinforced concrete slabs that are supported directly by columns without beams. They provide minimum depth, fast construction, and flexible column placement. There are four main types: slabs without drops and with column heads, slabs with drops and without column heads, slabs with both drops and column heads, and typical flat slabs. Column heads increase shear strength while drops increase shear strength and negative moment capacity. Flat slab systems can be either one-way or two-way depending on span ratios and load distribution. Advantages include simple formwork, no beams, and minimum depth, while disadvantages include potential interference from drops.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
This document provides information on industrial buildings, including their components and factors to consider in design. Key points include:
- Industrial buildings are used for manufacturing and storage by industries and include steel plants, warehouses, and factories.
- Site selection considers access, raw materials, utilities, land characteristics, and transportation.
- Major components include the roof, trusses, purlins, girts, bracing, and foundations.
- Design considerations cover roofing/wall materials, bay widths, structural framing, truss configurations, and bracing to resist lateral loads.
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
An Introduction to Prefabricated structuresSofia Rajesh
This document provides an overview of prefabricated structures. It defines prefabrication as assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. Key points include:
- Prefabrication offers benefits like faster construction, improved quality control, and reduced waste.
- There are different methods of prefabrication including plant and site prefabrication. Systems can be classified by size and degree of prefabrication.
- Standardization of components improves design, manufacturing and construction.
- The prefabrication process involves manufacturing components, stacking, transportation, and erecting them on-site using cranes or other machinery.
The document discusses structural steel, including its composition, properties, types, and applications in construction. It describes how steel is made from iron with added elements, and its varying properties based on carbon content. The types discussed are mild steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel. Common structural steel applications mentioned include beams, columns, trusses, and framing for buildings like airports and stadiums.
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
formwork for concrete slab
beam formwork
steel formwork
doka h20
types of formwork
formwork for concrete
what is formwork in construction
building formwork
plywood disadvantages
advantage plywood
advantages and disadvantages of wood
best plywood for formwork
plywood formwork for concrete
mdf advantages and disadvantages
examples of advantages and disadvantages
advantage steel and construction
advantages of steel
disadvantages of steel structures
examples of advantages and disadvantages
advantages and disadvantages of surveys
wiki advantages and disadvantages
steel formwork design
steel formwork system
Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil. Different types of footings include wall footings, isolated/single footings, combined footings, cantilever/strap footings, continuous footings, rafted/mat foundations, and pile caps. Footings must be designed to safely carry and transmit loads to the soil while meeting code requirements regarding bearing capacity, settlement, reinforcement, and shear strength. A proper footing design involves determining loads, allowable soil pressure, reinforcement requirements, and assessing settlement.
The document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete components are cast off-site in a controlled environment and transported to the construction site for assembly. This allows for standardized, mass produced elements.
- Large precast concrete panels form the walls and floors, connecting vertically and horizontally. When joined, they form a rigid box structure that transfers lateral loads.
- Connections between precast elements can be either dry joints using bolts/welds, or monolithic placement with concrete poured to join components.
The document discusses precast concrete buildings. It begins with an introduction to precast construction and its advantages over conventional construction. It then describes various precast elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls, and connections. It discusses construction methodology, design considerations, cost comparison to cast-in-situ, standards, and provides case studies of precast buildings in India and abroad.
Shear walls are vertical structural elements designed to resist lateral forces like winds and earthquakes. They work by transferring shear forces throughout their height and resisting uplift forces. Properly designed and constructed shear wall buildings are very stable and ductile, providing warnings before collapse during severe earthquakes. Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, and steel plate shear walls. Shear walls are an effective and efficient way to resist lateral loads in seismic regions.
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR HIGH RISE AND LONG SPAN BUILDING.pdfdaynight6
Braced frames are a structural system commonly used for tall buildings and structures subject to lateral loads. The system uses bracing elements like diagonal steel members to resist lateral forces from wind and earthquakes and transfer them into the foundation. There are different types of bracing configurations like single, cross, V, and K bracing that provide stability and stiffness. Braced frames allow for open floor plans and provide strength and resistance to lateral sway compared to moment frames. They have been used successfully in many high-rise buildings around the world.
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR HIGH RISE AND LONG SPAN BUILDING.pdfdaynight6
Braced frames are a structural system commonly used for tall buildings and structures subject to lateral loads. The system uses bracing elements like diagonal steel members to resist lateral forces from wind and earthquakes and transfer them into the foundation. There are different types of bracing configurations like single, cross, V, and K bracing that provide stability and stiffness. Braced frames allow for open floor plans and provide strength and resistance to lateral sway compared to other structural systems.
The lecture is in support of:
(1) The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016: chapter 4.
(2) Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller: chapter 13.
This document discusses shear wall analysis and design. It defines shear walls as structural elements used in buildings to resist lateral forces through cantilever action. The document classifies different types of shear walls and discusses their behavior under seismic loading. It outlines the steps for designing shear walls, including reviewing layout, analyzing structural systems, determining design forces, and detailing reinforcement. The document emphasizes the importance of properly locating shear walls in a building to resist seismic loads and minimize torsional effects.
1) Shear walls are vertical elements that carry lateral loads like wind and seismic forces from the building down to the foundation, forming a box structure for support.
2) Shear walls should be placed on all levels of the building, including the basement, and symmetrically on all four exterior walls to form an effective structure. Interior walls can add strength when exterior walls are not sufficient.
3) Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, steel plate, and hollow concrete block masonry walls. Proper design and ductility improve shear wall performance during seismic events.
Shear walls are rigid vertical structures in buildings that transfer lateral forces from other structural elements to the foundation. They resist forces from wind, earthquakes, and uneven settling that can tear a building apart. Shear walls maintain the shape of the building frame and prevent rotation at joints. They are especially important in high-rise buildings subject to lateral forces. Shear wall behavior depends on the materials used, thickness, length, and position in the building frame. They resist lateral, seismic, and vertical forces by acting as a rigid diaphragm that transfers loads to the foundations.
Shear walls are rigid vertical structures in buildings that transfer lateral forces from other structural elements to the foundation. They resist forces from wind, earthquakes, and uneven settling that can tear a building apart. Shear walls maintain the shape of a building frame and prevent rotation at joints. They are especially important in high-rise buildings subject to lateral forces. Shear wall behavior depends on the materials used, thickness, length, and positioning in the building frame. They resist lateral, seismic, and vertical forces by acting as a rigid diaphragm that transfers loads to the foundations.
Shear walls are structural elements that provide stability and strength to buildings against lateral forces like wind and earthquakes. They are typically made of reinforced concrete or wood and extend from a building's foundation to its roof. Shear walls resist shear forces and are essential for ensuring safety, especially in disaster-prone areas. With sustainable and resilient construction increasingly important, shear walls have become a fundamental part of modern building design and construction.
Framed structures are building skeleton frameworks formed by columns and beams. There are two main types: in-situ reinforced concrete frames and prefabricated frames. Rectangular framed structures use columns and beams arranged at right angles to support floors, walls, and roofs. They are commonly used for multi-story buildings like offices, schools, and hospitals. Framed structures provide large open floor plans and are adaptable to different shapes. Earthquake-resistant features in framed structures include shear walls, moment-resisting frames, and braced structures which resist lateral forces during seismic activity.
This document is a project report on the design of a shear wall using STAAD Pro software. It includes an introduction to shear walls, which are vertical structural elements that resist lateral loads like wind and earthquakes. The report discusses the purpose, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of shear walls. It also describes the different types of shear walls and their behavior under loads. The design procedure for shear walls in STAAD Pro and as per reference codes is explained. The conclusion summarizes that shear walls provide strength and stiffness to resist lateral loads in buildings.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
This document discusses wall materials and construction techniques for disaster resistant buildings. It covers different types of masonry bonds used in walls like rat trap bond and English bond. It discusses wall geometry and how factors like height, length, and reinforcement placement affect wall strength. It also addresses openings, wall and beam reinforcements, and field testing of construction materials like bricks and cement to ensure quality. The goal is to understand wall design and construction methods that improve a building's ability to withstand disasters.
The document discusses high rise buildings and their structures. It defines high rise buildings as between 35-100 meters tall or 12-39 floors. Buildings over 100m are called skyscrapers and over 600m are mega-tall. High rises are constructed to address land scarcity in urban areas and increasing demand for space. Their structures have evolved from early stone and iron frames to steel skeleton frames to reinforced concrete shear walls and core structures. Foundations must transfer enormous loads into the ground through methods like raft or pile foundations. Interior structures use rigid frames, shear walls, and exterior structures employ tube systems to resist lateral wind and seismic loads.
Shear walls are concrete or masonry walls that are reinforced with steel rods arranged in a grid pattern. They are designed to resist both vertical and horizontal forces like earthquakes. Shear walls are integrated throughout the building's structure to provide three-dimensional stability. Compared to framed structures, shear wall systems are more effective at withstanding earthquakes due to their larger supporting area relative to the building footprint. Properly designed and detailed shear wall buildings have demonstrated good seismic performance in past earthquakes.
Retaining walls are used to retain earth (or other material) in a vertical position at locations where an abrupt change in ground level occurs.
The walls therefore prevents the retained earth from assuming its natural angle of repose.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on shear walls. Shear walls are vertical structural elements that resist lateral forces like winds and earthquakes. They distribute forces from floors, roofs, and exterior walls to the foundation. The presentation covers the purpose, types, construction process, advantages of shear walls, including how they are more stable and ductile than conventional walls. Shear walls are typically used in tall buildings and provide lateral strength and stiffness to resist horizontal seismic forces.
Precast concrete is produced by casting concrete in reusable molds away from the construction site. This allows for mass production of identical components like beams, floors, and walls in a controlled environment. When complete, the precast components are transported and lifted into place at the construction site. Using precast concrete can speed up construction time and reduce costs compared to traditional cast-in-place concrete through economies of scale in production.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
4. Large- panel systems
The designation “large-
panel system” refers to
multistory structures
composed of large wall
and floor concrete
panels connected in the
vertical and horizontal
directions so that the
wall panels enclose
appropriate spaces for
the rooms within a
building.
These panels form a
box-like structure.
Both vertical and
5. Frame systems
Components are
usually linear
elements.
The beams are
seated on corbels of
the pillars usually
with hinged- joints
(rigid connection is
also an option).
Joints are filled with
concrete at the site
6. Lift Slab System (or)
Slab- column systems with walls
Partially precast in plant (pillars) /
partially precast on- site (slabs).
One or more storey high pillars
(max 5).
Up to 30 storey high
constructions.
Special designed joints and
temporary joints.
Slabs are casted on the ground
(one on top of the other) – then
lifted with crane or special
elevators
11. Floor Slabs
A floor slab (also called
plate slab or filigree slab)
is a reinforced concrete
slab with a minimum
thickness of 5–6 cm.
Depending on the concrete
covering and
reinforcement, it can be up
to 7 cm thick. The floor
slab is a semi-precast
component that includes
the lower floor slab
reinforcement that is
required for structural
reasons.
12. The floor slab is precast in the precast concrete
component factory under ideal conditions, and
contains the torsionally stiff reinforcement (truss) that
is required to give stiffness once installed, as well as
the flexural tension reinforcement, lengthways and
crossways, that is required for assembly and the final
state.
The floor slab is made into a solid and monolithic
reinforced concrete floor by using mix-in-situ concrete
that is poured at the construction site. The thickness
of the finished floor slab is between 12 and 30 cm,
depending on the span and the loading.
The protruding truss reinforcement and the concrete
surface itself provide the required anchoring, ensuring
good bonding and adhesion between the finished part
and the mix-in-situ concrete.
Floor Slabs
13. Floor Slabs
Apart from some differences in
the measurement of the
pushing force, the floor slab
can be regarded from a
structural point of view as
being the same as a floor that
has been produced on site
with concrete poured into
casing. The floor slab thus
combines the major
advantages of prefabrication
with the advantages of floors
that have been produced on
site with concrete poured into
casing.
14. Analysis of Floor slab – as a deep
beam
Based on deep beam – mode of failure – Arch and
diagonal tie
15. Waffle Slab
Waffle Slabs or Ribbed floors consisting of
equally spaced ribs are usually supported
directly by columns.
They are either one-way spanning systems
known as ribbed slab or a two-way ribbed
system
known as a waffle slab.
This form of construction is not very common
because of the formwork costs and the low fire
rating.
A rib thickness of greater than 125 mm is
usually
required to accommodate tensile and shear
reinforcement.
Ribbed slabs are suitable for medium to
heavy loads, can span reasonable distances,
are very stiff and particularly suitable where
the soffit is exposed.
16. Wall Panels
Precast wall panel is an
independently supported vertical
member in a prefabricated structure
using an assemblage of metal
components and anchors. Joints
around each of the precast panels
are usually filled with sealant.
There are generally four types of
precast panels used as part of
building envelopes:
• Cladding or curtain walls
• Load-bearing wall units
• Shear walls
• Formwork for cast-in-place
concrete
19. Shear Wall
Shear walls are vertical structural components
meant for resisting horizontal forces and
counteract the lateral loads acting on the
structure like wind seismic forces etc.
They are designed for the strength and
stiffness to resist the horizontal forces.
They are designed to provide a safe
serviceable and economical solution for wind
and earthquake resistance.
20.
21. Four factors influencing distribution
of lateral load to shear wall
Supporting soil and footings – can be
neglected
Stiffness of the floor and roof diaphragms –
D/Span – Small – flexible and deflect.
- large – rigid and not deflect.
Relative flexural and shear stiffness of the
shear wall and of connections - proportional
to shear width of diaphragm
Eccentricity of lateral loads to the centre of
rigidity of the shear walls -
22. Significance
They are part of earthquake resisting building
design.
They are rigid vertical diaphragm which can
transfer lateral forces acting on the exterior
walls, floors and roofs to the foundation in a
direction parallel to their planes.
Shear wall panels are connected vertically and
at the corners to form a structural tube that
cantilevers from the foundation.
23. Advantages over masonry walls
Masonry walls
Load bearing
masonry walls are
brittle.
They collapse
instantly during
unpredictable
earthquake.
No warning of
failure.
No time for
Shear Walls
Stable and ductile than
masonry walls
No sudden collapses
minimizing loss of lives.
They give enough warning
before failure like widening
of cracks , yielding of
reinforcing rods etc.
Enough time for mitigation
before collapse.
29. Functions
To resist vertical load – gravity load
To resist horizontal load – lateral loads
To provide necessary lateral strength to
structure so as to transfer horizontal forces to
the next structural element in load
transmission pattern.
They are structurally integrated with roofs/
floors and other structural components.
30. Basic principles of shear wall in
precast constriction
Shear walls should be oriented to resist lateral
loads applied to the building along both of the
structures principal axes.
There should be at least two shear walls
oriented to resist lateral loads along principal
axes.
If only one shear wall is oriented along one
principal axis, two shear walls should be
provided along the orthogonal axis to resist to
resist diaphragm torsion.
31. Basic principles of shear wall in
precast constriction
They should be designed as load bearing
panels always .
The increase in dead load acting on the panel
is an advantage because it increases the
panel resistance to uplift and overturning.
32. Position of Shear Walls
Exterior Shear Wall Interior Shear Wall / shear
core
33. Shear Wall System
Precast concrete structures are mostly
designed as simply supported shear wall
systems.
Shear wall can be located on the interior or the
exterior of the structure.
Structural core inside – Interior System
Structural core at the envelope – Exterior
system
34. Advantages of exterior system
towards interior system
Provides more efficient and flexible floor plans
than an interior shear wall system – eliminates the
need for structural core .
Exterior walls do not affect the interior flow of
loads.
They can be designed – to have both vertical
stability and horizontal connections.
Horizontal connection permit the entire wall to
function as a single unit to mobilize the
overturning effect.
They eliminate the need for exterior columns and
beams.
35. Structural core or Interior Walls are provided.
Here, lateral forces are not directly transferred
to the foundation. Instead wall panels distribute
the lateral forces to the floor diaphragms to the
structural core or the interior shear wall and
then to the foundation.
Interior Shear wall system
43. Design Guidelines
Warehouse type structure- exterior wall as
lateral force resisting system.
Parking structures- shear walls can be located
at stair , elevator tower , ramped bay
,perimeter of structure or combination of above
etc.
44. Preliminary design
Provide atleast three non-collinear walls to
ensure torsional as well as direct lateral
resistance.
Arrange shear walls to minimize restraint due
to volume changes.
Determine if shear wall can also be bearing
wall – overturning as governing criterion.
Consider whether walls to be individual full
height (vertical joins only )
45. Preliminary design
Consider the practicality of transportation and
erection – to select size of wall panels.
Balance the design requirement of shear wall
with the design requirement of the associated
diaphragms.
46. Vertical and lateral roads
Vertical gravity load to be determined first.
Appropriate seismic design criteria to be
adopted to determined magnitude of lateral
load for each floor and compare with wind
load.
47. Shear wall design – steps
involved
Create preliminary load analysis.
Determine over tuning moment at each base.
Select appropriate shear wall.
Review preliminary choice and modify the
number location and dimension to satisfy the
requirement of each base. (foundations not to
be subjected to uplift.)
Determine final load analysis.
48. Shear wall design – steps
involved
Perform final load analysis and vertical load
analysis to determine design load.
Create final shear wall design.
Design shear wall reinforcement and
connection for associated diaphragms.
Design the diaphragms.
49. BEAM
Beams can be designed as either full, semi or
shell sections depending on the fabrication,
joining details, handling and delivering and
lifting capacities of the crane.
Design consideration:
Section properties
Construction methods
Sequence of the loads applied to the beams
Beam behavior at the serviceability and
ultimate limit state.
50. COLUMN
Designer should be conversant with various
connection methods:
Column to foundation
Column to beam
Column to column
Joint behavior – moment rigid or pin
connected.
Design of precast column is similar to in-situ
columns.
Sufficient capacity to withstand failure from
buckling due to slenderness effect.