Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
This document provides an overview of prefabricated modular structures. It discusses the introduction and features of prefabricated structures, comparing them to site-cast structures. It outlines the design concept, components, types of precast systems including large panel, frame, and lift-slab systems. It also discusses design considerations, equipment used, assembly process, scheduling, advantages including reduced costs and time, limitations, and concludes with examples of prefabricated hospital structures.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
This presentation discusses prefabricated building components. It covers prefabrication systems including large panel systems, frame systems, and slab-column systems. Manufacturing processes are described for various components like roof slabs, floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, shear walls, beams, and columns. Specific component types like floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, and shear walls are explained in more detail. Architectural and structural design aspects of using prefabricated components are also addressed.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
This document provides an overview of prefabricated modular structures. It discusses the introduction and features of prefabricated structures, comparing them to site-cast structures. It outlines the design concept, components, types of precast systems including large panel, frame, and lift-slab systems. It also discusses design considerations, equipment used, assembly process, scheduling, advantages including reduced costs and time, limitations, and concludes with examples of prefabricated hospital structures.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
This presentation discusses prefabricated building components. It covers prefabrication systems including large panel systems, frame systems, and slab-column systems. Manufacturing processes are described for various components like roof slabs, floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, shear walls, beams, and columns. Specific component types like floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, and shear walls are explained in more detail. Architectural and structural design aspects of using prefabricated components are also addressed.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed ImpetusIEI GSC
Presentation on Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed Impetus by Prof S. K. Singh,Sr. Principal Scientist & Professor, AcSIR, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
The document discusses filler slab roofing, which uses lightweight filler materials in place of concrete in the tension zone of reinforced concrete slabs. This reduces costs by 25-30% compared to standard concrete roofing. Common filler materials include tiles, bricks, shells, and bottles. The filler depth should not exceed the neutral axis depth, typically 60mm for a 125mm thick slab. Reinforcing grids are installed and concrete is poured on top, with filler materials centered in the grid spaces. Filler slabs provide cost savings along with benefits like improved insulation and reduced foundation loads.
Bc open pre fabricated construction systemAnuj Singhal
The document discusses an open prefabricated construction system. Some key points:
- Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. This speeds up construction time and lowers costs while ensuring quality.
- An open prefabricated system uses precast concrete or steel components like floors, walls, beams and columns assembled on-site. It can be partially or fully prefabricated.
- Examples of full prefabricated open systems include the Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo, with prefabricated steel living capsules bolted to a central concrete core. Prefabrication allowed efficient off-site assembly and construction.
A grid slab is a type of building material that has two-directional reinforcement in the shape of a waffle. It can be used as both ceilings and floors, especially in areas requiring large spans with fewer columns. Features include panels on a 1 meter grid with trench mesh or individual bars. Grid slabs use less concrete and steel than conventional slabs while providing strength and resistance to cracking and sagging. Construction involves arranging a framework, fixing connectors and pods, then removing forms. Services like HVAC, plumbing and wiring can be run through holes in modified grid slabs. Benefits include flexibility, lighter weight, speed of construction, vibration control and fire resistance. Famous structures using grid slabs include terminals,
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
Modular coordination is a concept where buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned based on basic modular units. This allows for dimensional compatibility and simplifies construction. The basic module is 100mm denoted as 1M. Multiples and fractions of the basic module can also be used. A modular reference system establishes grids to coordinate the placement and sizing of building elements and components. Structural elements like walls, floors and columns are dimensioned to fit within the modular grids, as are non-structural components and finishes. This standardization aims to reduce waste and improve construction efficiency.
Suspended ceilings are used to conceal structural features, pipes, ducts and provide acoustic and thermal insulation. Different types of grids are used including exposed, concealed and semi-concealed grids made of materials like metal, wood or gypsum board. Proper installation requires marking locations, installing perimeter trims and hangers before laying panels or tiles. Factors like fire resistance, lighting fixtures and sprinkler head clearance must be considered during installation and design of suspended ceilings.
Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm.
The document discusses various cost-effective construction techniques that can be used in India to reduce building costs. Some techniques mentioned include using stabilized compressed earth blocks, fly ash bricks, rat-trap bond brickwork, filler slabs for roofs, and replacing concrete lintels with brick arches. Adopting these alternative materials and construction methods can save 15-40% on building costs while still providing durable structures. Proper selection of materials suited to the local area is important for developing cost-effective construction techniques.
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
This document discusses raft/mat foundations, including:
- A raft foundation is a thick reinforced concrete slab that supports columns and transmits loads into the soil. It is used for structures with large or uneven column loads.
- Types of raft foundations include flat plate, thickened under columns, beam and slab, box structures, and mats on piles.
- Construction involves soil testing, excavation, reinforcement placement, forming, concrete pouring, and curing. Raft foundations are economic and reduce differential settlement but require treatment for point loads.
The document discusses curtain wall systems. It begins with an introduction defining a curtain wall system as a non-structural outer covering that keeps weather and occupants in/out. The history notes that curtain walls emerged as exterior walls became non-load bearing. It describes the components of curtain walls including mullions, transoms, glass, and other materials. Functions are listed as protecting interiors from the environment while providing lighting and occupant comfort. The document also covers installation systems, loads, maintenance, and provides case studies of curtain wall implementations.
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure at a manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site. It has several advantages like higher quality, time and cost savings, and does not depend on weather conditions. Some components that can be prefabricated include walls, floors, roofs and entire buildings. However, prefabrication also has disadvantages like needing careful handling and transportation of components and addressing issues like leaks at joints. Common materials used are concrete, steel, wood and techniques include precasting individual components or using large panels.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed ImpetusIEI GSC
Presentation on Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed Impetus by Prof S. K. Singh,Sr. Principal Scientist & Professor, AcSIR, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
The document discusses filler slab roofing, which uses lightweight filler materials in place of concrete in the tension zone of reinforced concrete slabs. This reduces costs by 25-30% compared to standard concrete roofing. Common filler materials include tiles, bricks, shells, and bottles. The filler depth should not exceed the neutral axis depth, typically 60mm for a 125mm thick slab. Reinforcing grids are installed and concrete is poured on top, with filler materials centered in the grid spaces. Filler slabs provide cost savings along with benefits like improved insulation and reduced foundation loads.
Bc open pre fabricated construction systemAnuj Singhal
The document discusses an open prefabricated construction system. Some key points:
- Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. This speeds up construction time and lowers costs while ensuring quality.
- An open prefabricated system uses precast concrete or steel components like floors, walls, beams and columns assembled on-site. It can be partially or fully prefabricated.
- Examples of full prefabricated open systems include the Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo, with prefabricated steel living capsules bolted to a central concrete core. Prefabrication allowed efficient off-site assembly and construction.
A grid slab is a type of building material that has two-directional reinforcement in the shape of a waffle. It can be used as both ceilings and floors, especially in areas requiring large spans with fewer columns. Features include panels on a 1 meter grid with trench mesh or individual bars. Grid slabs use less concrete and steel than conventional slabs while providing strength and resistance to cracking and sagging. Construction involves arranging a framework, fixing connectors and pods, then removing forms. Services like HVAC, plumbing and wiring can be run through holes in modified grid slabs. Benefits include flexibility, lighter weight, speed of construction, vibration control and fire resistance. Famous structures using grid slabs include terminals,
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
Modular coordination is a concept where buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned based on basic modular units. This allows for dimensional compatibility and simplifies construction. The basic module is 100mm denoted as 1M. Multiples and fractions of the basic module can also be used. A modular reference system establishes grids to coordinate the placement and sizing of building elements and components. Structural elements like walls, floors and columns are dimensioned to fit within the modular grids, as are non-structural components and finishes. This standardization aims to reduce waste and improve construction efficiency.
Suspended ceilings are used to conceal structural features, pipes, ducts and provide acoustic and thermal insulation. Different types of grids are used including exposed, concealed and semi-concealed grids made of materials like metal, wood or gypsum board. Proper installation requires marking locations, installing perimeter trims and hangers before laying panels or tiles. Factors like fire resistance, lighting fixtures and sprinkler head clearance must be considered during installation and design of suspended ceilings.
Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of dimension and space, in which buildings and components are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm.
The document discusses various cost-effective construction techniques that can be used in India to reduce building costs. Some techniques mentioned include using stabilized compressed earth blocks, fly ash bricks, rat-trap bond brickwork, filler slabs for roofs, and replacing concrete lintels with brick arches. Adopting these alternative materials and construction methods can save 15-40% on building costs while still providing durable structures. Proper selection of materials suited to the local area is important for developing cost-effective construction techniques.
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
This document discusses raft/mat foundations, including:
- A raft foundation is a thick reinforced concrete slab that supports columns and transmits loads into the soil. It is used for structures with large or uneven column loads.
- Types of raft foundations include flat plate, thickened under columns, beam and slab, box structures, and mats on piles.
- Construction involves soil testing, excavation, reinforcement placement, forming, concrete pouring, and curing. Raft foundations are economic and reduce differential settlement but require treatment for point loads.
The document discusses curtain wall systems. It begins with an introduction defining a curtain wall system as a non-structural outer covering that keeps weather and occupants in/out. The history notes that curtain walls emerged as exterior walls became non-load bearing. It describes the components of curtain walls including mullions, transoms, glass, and other materials. Functions are listed as protecting interiors from the environment while providing lighting and occupant comfort. The document also covers installation systems, loads, maintenance, and provides case studies of curtain wall implementations.
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure at a manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site. It has several advantages like higher quality, time and cost savings, and does not depend on weather conditions. Some components that can be prefabricated include walls, floors, roofs and entire buildings. However, prefabrication also has disadvantages like needing careful handling and transportation of components and addressing issues like leaks at joints. Common materials used are concrete, steel, wood and techniques include precasting individual components or using large panels.
Prefabricated structures involve assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. This allows sections of walls, floors, and roofs to be prefabricated off-site and then lifted into place using a crane. Prefabrication aims to reduce costs, improve quality control, and speed up construction by eliminating on-site curing. Common materials used include concrete, steel, wood, and aluminum due to their strength, availability, and suitability for prefabrication. Modular coordination and standardization are important principles to simplify construction and assembly of prefabricated components. Various types of cranes such as tower cranes and mobile cranes are used to transport and erect prefabric
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are various prefabrication systems that can be used at different scales from small precast bricks to large precast wall panels. Components are manufactured off-site or on-site using formwork molds and are then transported, lifted into place, and joined using connections like reinforcement bars. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and improved quality control but also disadvantages such as increased transportation costs and less architectural flexibility.
Modern construction technology (MCT) is a collective term used to describe a number of construction methods. These methods differ from so-called conventional construction methods such as brick and block.
This document reviews the feasibility of using modular construction techniques for hotel, housing, and worker accommodation developments. Modular construction involves factory production of prefabricated rooms or units that are assembled on site. Key benefits include short construction time, high quality control, reliable timescales, and price certainty. Modular construction works best for repetitive building types, where scheduling is tight, and quality is important. It can provide durable buildings with acoustic and thermal insulation that meet building regulations.
Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication methods including panelized wood framing, timber framing, concrete systems, and steel framing. Modular construction uses all of these methods by connecting prefabricated components at the construction site. Prefabrication offers advantages like reduced construction time, consistent quality, lower costs, flexibility, reduced site disruption, and improved safety compared to traditional on-site construction methods. As the popularity of prefabrication increases, its benefits are likely to grow further.
This document provides information on various precast concrete construction elements including precast double walls, precast solid walls, box culverts, reinforced concrete pipes, and chimney elements. Precast double walls consist of two reinforced concrete panels with space in between filled with concrete on site. Benefits include fast construction, strength, and ability to incorporate windows and doors during production. Box culverts and pipes are used for road and infrastructure projects. Chimney elements provide ventilation for infrastructure lines and maintain their shape over time. Contact information is provided at the end.
This document discusses solid dry wall construction using gypsum blocks. It provides details on the advantages of gypsum block walls such as being cost-effective due to faster construction without plastering. Gypsum block walls are also thinner than traditional masonry walls, allowing for more usable space. The document outlines the system advantages of gypsum block walls for investors, owners, architects and contractors in areas such as acoustic insulation, fire protection, and structural stability. It also provides technical specifications and permitted dimensions for gypsum block wall construction.
This document discusses prefabrication, systems building, and mixed/composite construction. It begins with an introduction and overview of prefabricated concrete, including terminology, materials, components, design requirements, joints, and manufacturing processes. It then covers systems building and mixed/composite construction, discussing formwork systems, structural schemes, and prefabricated structural units. The document provides details on various modular planning, construction elements, and techniques used in prefabricated and systems building projects.
Contents
Introduction
Features
Comparison
Design concept
Components
Types of precast system
Design consideration
Equipments
Assembling
scheduling
Advantages
Limitations
Conclusion
references
THIS PRESENTATION ON PRECAST MODULAR STRUCTURES IS MADE SPECIALLY FOR EVERYONE TO KNOW THE CONCEPT OF PRECAST MODULAR STRUCTURES RELATED TO ENGINEERING........
SO HAVE A NICE READING GUYS.
The document discusses various modern construction technologies including concrete walls and floors, precast cladding panels, 3D volumetric modules, twin wall technology, flat slabs, thin joint masonry, insulating concrete formwork, and precast concrete foundations. These technologies aim to reduce costs and construction time while improving quality, through the use of prefabricated concrete elements constructed in a controlled factory environment and assembled on site.
Lowcost prefebrication and infrastructure servicesAr Jitendra
The document discusses various low-cost alternative materials and infrastructure services for rural areas. It describes prefabricated construction techniques like precast concrete and ferrocement that reduce costs. It also discusses waste water disposal and drainage systems, rural road construction using burnt clay bricks, and rainwater harvesting. Other sections cover biogas plants, smokeless cookstoves, and solar cooking, which provide more sustainable energy solutions for rural communities.
An Introduction to Prefabricated structuresSofia Rajesh
This document provides an overview of prefabricated structures. It defines prefabrication as assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. Key points include:
- Prefabrication offers benefits like faster construction, improved quality control, and reduced waste.
- There are different methods of prefabrication including plant and site prefabrication. Systems can be classified by size and degree of prefabrication.
- Standardization of components improves design, manufacturing and construction.
- The prefabrication process involves manufacturing components, stacking, transportation, and erecting them on-site using cranes or other machinery.
Using pre-stressed precast hollow core walls and slabs can save a minimum of 30% construction time in greenfield projects. This technology allows work to begin on casting floors before the entire site is acquired or foundations are fully complete. It provides advantages like faster construction, higher quality, and more flexibility in scheduling compared to cast-in-place concrete. Adopting this proven precast technology can help fast-track major infrastructure projects in sectors like power, steel, and warehousing.
Rapid construction techniques used in now a days, modern construction techniques, LIGHT HOUSE PROJECTS, global housing technology challenge, ix Technology providers have been selected through rigorous online bidding process for construction of Light House Projects (LHPs) at six different locations in six states. ghtc india
Curtain walls are non-load bearing exterior walls that hang from the building structure. They allow for larger windows and more open floor plans compared to load bearing walls. Common materials for curtain walls are glass and aluminum due to their strength, light weight, and ability to limit heat transfer. Curtain walls are classified based on their method of construction, with common types being stick wall, unitized wall, and window wall systems. Proper design of curtain wall systems is important to handle loads, transfers stresses to the building structure, and prevents air and water infiltration.
The document discusses three building construction materials: aluminum composite panels (ACP), curtain walls, and structural glazing. ACP sheets are thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core used for cladding, ceilings, and partitions. Curtain walls are non-structural exterior walls that keep weather out while allowing natural light in. They must be designed to handle loads and prevent air/water penetration. Structural glazing bonds glass directly to a building's structure using high-strength, high-performance silicone sealants to transfer wind loads from the glass.
Introduction of Prefabricated structuresYogi Yogesh
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. It aims to reduce costs, improve quality, and speed up construction. Advantages include reduced work time, fewer workers needed, and omitting interruptions. Limitations include size restrictions and transport difficulties. Modular coordination standardizes dimensions. Precast construction allows for industrial quality control while limiting on-site space needs and waste.
Advance Construction Techniques Civil EngineeringLyrittSazellebb
This document discusses several modern construction innovations including flat slabbing technology, tunnel formwork systems, precast flat panel modules, 3D volumetric construction, thin-joint masonry technique, hybrid concrete construction, insulating concrete frameworks, precast foundations, and insulating concrete forms. These innovations help reduce expenses, labor costs, and construction time through prefabricated materials and standardized assembly processes.
The document discusses the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), a project between India and Japan to clean up the Yamuna River in Delhi. YAP was implemented in phases from the early 1990s to address sewage pollution in the river by building wastewater treatment infrastructure. Phase I from 1993-2003 involved constructing 29 sewage treatment plants across 8 towns in Uttar Pradesh, 12 towns in Haryana, and Delhi. However, the river remains heavily polluted due to gaps between sewage generation and treatment capacity.
The Sabarmati Riverfront Development project in Ahmedabad achieved several objectives: 1) It converted the polluted and neglected Sabarmati River into an asset by keeping it filled with water and eliminating pollution. 2) It created large civic spaces along the riverbanks for public recreation. 3) It established an institutional body to oversee planning and implementation. 4) It created a new landmark announcing Ahmedabad's arrival as a world-class city. However, some argue the project disrupted the river's natural ecology by straightening banks and reducing it to a narrow canal. There are also concerns about whether filling the river can be sustained given potential impacts of climate change.
The Institute of Rural Research And Development (IRRAD)-Architecture case studyShailja km
IRRAD-sustainable development, environmental goals,zero runoff from the site,daylight and ventilation, photovoltaic panels, minimize the ecological foot print and carbon dioxide emissions,shading device
Indira Paryavaran Bhawan-Net Zero buildingShailja km
This document summarizes a new centrally air conditioned office building in New Delhi designed by CPWD for the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change. The 7-story building plus 3 basements covers 32,000 square meters and cost Rs. 209 Cr. Key features include a 930 KWp rooftop solar PV system, robotic car parking, a sewage treatment plant, energy efficient HVAC and lighting systems, and sustainable materials and landscaping to achieve net zero energy use.
William Mcdonough & his works (Architect study)Shailja km
1) The document discusses several sustainable building projects designed by architect William McDonough, including offices that use wastewater recycling, green roofs to reduce stormwater and heat gain, and daylighting and natural ventilation.
2) It also describes a new NASA facility that uses an exoskeleton structure for seismic performance and daylighting, as well as McDonough's redesign of the Ford River Rouge Complex, which included installing a sedum roof to clean rainwater and reduce energy costs.
3) Finally, the document discusses an Ohio school that uses geothermal wells and passive solar strategies for heating and cooling, as well as landscaping that includes local ecosystems. The materials, lighting, and HV
The document summarizes a report on the building services of Mausam Bhawan in New Delhi. It describes the author visiting the building to study its electrical equipment and energy systems. The summary describes some of the key building services observed including fire hydrants outside, a plant room containing pumps, chillers, and electrical panels, centrifugal pumps in the water pump room, and a generator and electrical substation on site.
The document summarizes the TERI Retreat complex built by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in Gurgaon, India. The 36-hectare site was previously degraded land and is now a lush, green habitat. The 30-room training hostel was built using passive design and renewable energy to be nearly independent from utilities. Passive concepts like insulation, shading, and orientation reduced energy loads by 10-15% compared to a conventional building. The complex demonstrates efficient resource use and serves as a model for sustainable development.
The document summarizes a site visit to a construction site at Jaypee Wish Town in Noida. It describes some of the key equipment observed on site including a tower crane used to lift materials for tall buildings, a concrete pump machine consisting of an axle boom and pipe to pour concrete, and a batch mixer to fill concrete into the pump. Process steps of pouring concrete are outlined. Other equipment mentioned include a mobile crane, static batch plant to mix concrete ingredients, and pile foundations with reinforcement laid on site.
This document discusses various eco-friendly transportation alternatives such as using electric cars, hybrid cars, bio-fuels, and emphasizing walking, bicycling, and public transportation to reduce air and greenhouse gas pollution from gasoline and diesel vehicles. It also suggests using smart cards and apps to make public transportation easier and encouraging recycling of car parts.
India habitat centre observations by architect studentShailja km
The document provides a summary of a student's visit to the India Habitat Center in New Delhi. Some key details:
1. The India Habitat Center is located in Jorbagh and functions as a "city within a city" with various facilities.
2. The student toured the Habitat Library, Visual Arts Gallery, and met with the General Manager who described the building's design and sustainable features.
3. The General Manager discussed the building management system, fire safety systems, and future plans to add more sustainable elements like solar panels.
Energy Efficient Equipments in building architecture presentationShailja km
The document discusses various topics related to energy efficient equipment and ventilation. It defines energy efficiency as using less energy to provide the same service. It also discusses efficient boilers, water tube boilers, recuperators, cogeneration, heat absorbing glass, and ventilation strategies like natural ventilation and whole-house ventilation. Ventilation is necessary to provide a healthy indoor environment by removing polluted indoor air and replacing it with fresh outdoor air.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
2. What is Prefabrication?
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in
a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site
where the structure is to be located.
The method controls construction costs by economizing on time, wages, and
materials.
Prefabricated units may include doors, stairs, window, wall panels, floor
panels, roof trusses and even room-sized components.
3. Theory
The theory behind the method is that time and cost is saved if similar construction
tasks can be grouped, and assembly line techniques can be employed in
prefabrication at a location where skilled labour is available, while congestion at the
assembly site, which wastes time, can be reduced.
The method finds application particularly where the structure is composed of
repeating units or forms, or where multiple copies of the same basic structure are
being constructed.
The restricting conditions such as a lack of power, lack of water, exposure to harsh
weather or a hazardous environment are avoided.
Against these advantages must be weighed the cost of transporting prefabricated
sections and lifting them into position.
4. What Material to Use?
Materials that allow a large span construction shall be used.
Actual manufactured components vary slightly when made from the specified
dimensions , thus a material shall be used which gives minimum variation.
Economic and cost– effective materials.
Aesthetically sound material shall be used to improve the appearance of building.
Material must be able to take the structural loads and stresses.
A material that can be molded to variety of shapes shall be used.
Ease of maintenance.
5. What is the Aim of Prefabrication?
to speed up the construction time.
to lower the labour cost.
to allow the year round construction.
to ensure precise conformity to standards.
to ensure greater quality.
to allow less wastage of materials.
to ensure higher worker safety and comfort level than in site- built
construction.
6. Prefabricated Building Material
Door frames
Window frames
Roof slabs
Lintels
Ventilators
Wall partition panels
Compound wall panels
Cement concrete
Small pillars for
compound wall
Sills
Trusses etc.
12. Components of Prefabrication
The preferred dimensions of precast elements according to
NBC shall be as follows:
Flooring and Roofing Scheme - Precast slabs or other
precast structural flooring units:
Length - Nominal length shall be in multiples of 1 M;
Width - Nominal width shall be in multiples of 0.5 M; and
Overall Thickness - Overall thickness shall be in multiples of
0.1M.
Beams
Length - Nominal length shall be in multiples of 1 M;
Width - Nominal width shall be in multiples of 0.1 M; and
Overall Depth - Overall depth of the floor zone shall be in
multiples of 0.1M.
13. Columns
Height - Height of columns for industrial and other building 1 M; &
Lateral Dimensions - Overall lateral dimension or diameter of
columns shall be in multiples of 0.1 M.
Walls
Thickness - The nominal thickness of walls shall be in multiples of
0.1 M.
Staircase
Width - Nominal width shall be in multiples of 1M.
Lintels
Length - Nominal length shall be in multiples of 1 M;
Width - Nominal width shall be in multiples of 0.1 M; and
Depth - Nominal depth shall be in multiples of 0.1 M.
Sunshades/Chhajja Projections
Length - Nominal length shall be in multiples of 1 M.
14. Types of Prefabrication
Components
The prefabricated concrete components such as those given below may be used
which shall be in accordance with the accepted standards, where available:
Reinforced/Prestressed concrete channel unit.
Reinforced/Prestressed concrete slab unit.
Reinforced/Prestressed concrete beams.
Reinforced/Prestressed concrete columns.
Reinforced/Prestressed concrete hollow core slab,
Reinforced concrete waffle slab/shells.
Reinforced/Prestressed concrete wall elements,
Hollow/Solid blocks and battens,
Precast planks and joists for flooring and roofing,
Precast joists and trussed girders,
Light weight/cellular concrete slabs,
Precast lintel and chhajjas,
Large panel prefabricates,
Reinforced/Prestressed concrete trusses,
Reinforced/Prestressed roof purlins,
Precast concrete L-panel unit,
Prefabricated brick panel unit,
Prefabricated sandwich concrete panel, and
Precast foundation.
15. On Site & Off Site Prefabrication
Manufacture:
The manufacture of the components can be done in a factory for
the commercial production established at the focal point based on
the market potential or in a site-precasting yard set up at or near
the site of work.
Factory prefabrication
Factory prefabrication is resorted to in a factory for the
commercial production for the manufacture of standardized
components on a long-term basis. It is a capital-intensive
production where work is done throughout the year preferably
under a closed shed to avoid effects of seasonal variations.
High level of mechanization can always be introduced in this
system where the work can be organized in a factory-like
manner with the help of a constant team of workmen.
16. Site prefabrication
Prefabricated components produced at site or near the site of work
as possible. This system is normally adopted for a specific job
order for a limited period.
Semi-mechanized
The work is normally carried out in open space with locally
available labor force. The equipment machinery used may be
minor in nature and moulds are mobile or stationary in nature.
Fully-mechanized
The work will be carried out under shed with skilled labor. The
equipments used will be similar to one of factory production. This
type of precast yards will be set up for the production of precast
components of high quality, high rate of production. Though there
is definite economy with respect to cost of transportation, this
system suffers from basic drawback of its non-suitability to any
high degree of mechanization and no elaborate arrangements for
quality control. Normal benefits of continuity of work are not
available in this system of construction.
17. The transportation of precast facades.The temporary supporting props
to
hold the precast facade in
position. This prevents any
movement of the panel and
allows final adjustments to be
made.
18. The worker is laying the services
pipes and service conduits
Lifting Precast Slab into Position
19. Advantages of Using Prefabricated
Structures
Factory made products.
Independent of adverse weather conditions during construction.
Reduced energy consumption.
Environmentally friendly way of building with optimum use of materials, recycling
of waste products, less noise and dust etc.
Cost effective solutions.
Reduction in construction time.
Safety in construction.
Increase in the quality of construction.
Reduction of construction waste.
Demountable structures.
Accelerated curing techniques.
20. Disadvantages of Using Prefabricated
Structures
A small number of units required may prove to be uneconomical.
Special connections, such as special bearings to transmit the vertical and horizontal
loads, can add cost to the system.
Waterproofing at joints.
Transportation difficulties.
Large prefabricated sections require heavy-duty cranes and precision measurement
and handling to place in position.
22. Open Prefabrication System
It allow the pre-casted to produce a limited number of elements with a
predetermined range of product and at the same time maintaining
architectural aesthetic value.
Inspite of many advantages of open system, its adoption experiences one
major setback. For example, joint and connection problem occur when two
elements from different system are fixed together. This is why similar
connection technology must be observed in order to achieve greater structural
performance.
There are two categories of open prefab system depending on the
extent of prefabrication used in the construction as given in Partial and
Full prefabrication systems:
Partial prefabrication system
This system basically uses precast roofing and flooring components
and other minor elements like lintels, chhajjas, and kitchen sills in
conventional building construction. The structural system could be in the
form of in-situ framework or load bearing walls.
Full prefabrication system
In this system almost all the structural components are prefabricated.
The filler walls may be of brick/block masonry or of any other locally
available material.
23. Large Panel Prefabrication System
This system is based on the use of large
prefab components. The components
used are precast concrete large panels
for walls, floors, roofs, balconies,
staircases, etc. The casting of the
components could be at the site or off the
site.
Multistory structures are composed of
large wall and floor concrete panels,
connected in the vertical and horizontal
directions.
Panels form a box-like structure. Both
vertical and horizontal panels are load
bearing. Wall panels are usually one story
high.
Horizontal floor and roof panels span either
as one-way or two-way slabs. When
properly joined together, these horizontal
24. • Contains insulation, wiring, or pre-cut opening for
windows and doors
• Construction of panelized homes includes whole
walls with windows , doors, wires or outside
siding prepared in factory and erected on site.
• Depending on the wall layout, there are three
basic configurations of large-panel buildings:
1. Cross wall system
2. Longitudinal wall system
3. Two way system
Thickness of wall panels:120 mm (interior walls)
300 mm (exterior walls)
Floor panel thickness : 60 mm.
Wall panel length : room length (2.7m to 3.6m)
Precast vertical boundary wall panel
Precast wall panel
Precast wall panel
25. Process:
• Precast concrete panels are cast face-downwards in
purpose-built moulds, usually made of either timber
or fibre glass.
• A steel reinforcement cage is placed in the mould
prior to the concrete being poured.
• By inserting mats or rods in the base of the mould
different designs and effects can be created - from
false joints to intricate leaf patterns.
• Increasingly, maximum use of off-site fabrication is
being made by fixing other elements, from insulation to
entire windows, during manufacture of precast panels.
• Once de-moulded, the exposed surface of the unit
can be treated in a variety of ways - acid-etched,
smooth or coarse ground, grit or sand-blasted, rubbed or
polished.
Moulds
Different designs and
effects can be created
28. •Precast boundary walls are similar to precast wall panels but are typically of smaller
sizes.
PRECAST BOUNDARY WALLS
•quite ideal for pre casting as the smaller panels
•fewer problems with handling, transportation and installation on site.
Joint details
The considerations for proper joint details in the precast boundary panels are similar
to those for precast wall panels. The design of the wall joints will include the
following considerations:
• water tightness • installation method
• structural movement • type of wall finishes
• panel sizes • weathering
• tolerance
29. Finishes
wide range of design flexibility and innovation.
wide range of surface finishes on the precast boundary wall design.
The most common techniques used are modeling techniques like sand
blasting, acid washing, polishing and honing, hammering and chipping to
create the required effects.
These finishes can then be treated with appropriate protective coatings
to prevent weathering and staining problems.
A wide range of colours for precast boundary wall panel can be derived
from aggregates, cement or pigments. Aggregate can provide colour to the
final finishes.
Cement with different colours can also give the desired colour for the
boundary wall panel. Another form of colour finishes are colour and oxide
pigments.
35. The precast staircases proposed here are of standard sizes with tread sizes between
225mm to 250mm and risers between 150mm to 175mm. On the other hand, steel
staircases can come in non-standard sizes to suit the architectural design.
Precast/ steel staircases can be fabricated to a range of various forms and shapes.
There are three basic staircases profiles:
• Curved
• Straight
• Spiral profile
In the case of the terrace and semi-detached houses, these staircases can be
fabricated
in three ways:
• Type A for flight only
• Type B flight and top landing
• Type C flight and base landing
The erection of the staircase can either be on the critical path or non-critical path of
the construction sequence. In each case, prefabricated staircases will result in better
quality, accuracy and productivity. The prefabricated staircases can be installed
quickly and messy, cast-in-situ works can be eliminated.
PREFABRICATED STAIRCASE
37. There are two main methods for fixing and installing the prefabricated staircases. The
staircase can either be prefabricated together with the landing as a complete unit or
it can be prefabricated separately and installed on site. The prefabricated staircase
should be designed to ensure easily transportation and hoisting. However, in most
cases, the size and weight are usually within the manageable capacity of the cranes.
Precast Flight Cantilevered precast treads
41. Precast Flooring
Before any system of precast concrete flooring can be considered in detail the
following factors must be taken into account:
1. Maximum span
2. Nature of support
3. Weight of units
4. Thickness of units.
5. Thermal insulation properties
6. Sound insulation properties
7. Fire resistance of units.
8. Speed of construction.
9. Amount of temporary support required.
42. • With the development of precast concrete construction techniques, precast units e.g.
floor slabs are successfully manufactured.
• Advantages:
Construction is quick
Sound proof
Members are lightweight
Does not require formwork
No time wasted for curing of concrete
Good thermal insulation properties
• Disadvantages:
Requires uniform spacing of columns which can be difficult
Great care has to be taken in construction in order for precast members to be
able to resist handling stress
May be wastages due due to breakages in transportation to site
Careful supervision is required during manufacturing
Formwork for manufacturing is usually costly – only economical when
manufacturing in large scale.
46. Precast walls are propped before
casting of joints – proper planning
is required for perfect alignment
The pour strip
between 2 pieces
of precast walls
are cast
Precast
wall
units
PRECAST WALLS
47. Precast planks are installed in
place
Preparation of welded mesh
and services for cast in-situ
topping
Concreting to topping