This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
Precast concrete construction involves casting concrete structural elements at a manufacturing facility rather than on site. This allows for rapid construction, high quality control, and easy incorporation of prestressing. Precast concrete provides advantages like speed of erection, durability, and economy, but also has disadvantages such as weight, limited flexibility in design, and need for skilled workmanship and lifting equipment on site. Common precast concrete elements include walls, slabs, beams, and structural framing using techniques like welded plates and rebar splicing.
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed ImpetusIEI GSC
Presentation on Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed Impetus by Prof S. K. Singh,Sr. Principal Scientist & Professor, AcSIR, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
This document provides an overview of prefabricated modular structures. It discusses the introduction and features of prefabricated structures, comparing them to site-cast structures. It outlines the design concept, components, types of precast systems including large panel, frame, and lift-slab systems. It also discusses design considerations, equipment used, assembly process, scheduling, advantages including reduced costs and time, limitations, and concludes with examples of prefabricated hospital structures.
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Prefabricated structures involve assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. This allows sections of walls, floors, and roofs to be prefabricated off-site and then lifted into place using a crane. Prefabrication aims to reduce costs, improve quality control, and speed up construction by eliminating on-site curing. Common materials used include concrete, steel, wood, and aluminum due to their strength, availability, and suitability for prefabrication. Modular coordination and standardization are important principles to simplify construction and assembly of prefabricated components. Various types of cranes such as tower cranes and mobile cranes are used to transport and erect prefabric
The document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete components are cast off-site in a controlled environment and transported to the construction site for assembly. This allows for standardized, mass produced elements.
- Large precast concrete panels form the walls and floors, connecting vertically and horizontally. When joined, they form a rigid box structure that transfers lateral loads.
- Connections between precast elements can be either dry joints using bolts/welds, or monolithic placement with concrete poured to join components.
The document discusses precast concrete buildings. It begins with an introduction to precast construction and its advantages over conventional construction. It then describes various precast elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls, and connections. It discusses construction methodology, design considerations, cost comparison to cast-in-situ, standards, and provides case studies of precast buildings in India and abroad.
The document discusses common defects found in buildings such as cracks and dampness. It categorizes defects into pre-construction, during construction, and post-construction. Cracks can be structural or non-structural, and are caused by factors like drying shrinkage, thermal movement, elastic deformation, creep, chemical reactions, and foundation issues. Dampness is usually due to penetrating damp from gaps or rising damp without a proper damp proof course. Preventive measures include proper design, materials, construction practices, and addressing the root causes of defects.
Shell structures- advanced building constructionShweta Modi
This document discusses different types of shell structures used in construction. It begins by defining shell structures as thin curved membranes or slabs, usually of reinforced concrete, that function as both structure and covering. It then describes various forms of curvature for shells including surfaces of revolution, translation, and ruled surfaces. It discusses developable and non-developable shells and provides examples of different shell structures like barrel vaults, domes, folded plates, and more. It also covers topics like suitable materials, centering, and construction of reinforced concrete barrel vaults.
Pneumatic structures are membrane structures that use air pressure for support. They have a thin, flexible membrane that is stabilized by internal pressurization or external tensioning. Some key advantages are their light weight, ability to span large distances without supports, and rapid assembly. However, they require continuous air pressure maintenance and have a relatively short service life. Applications include sports facilities, military structures, exhibition centers, and greenhouses.
Precast concrete is concrete that is cast in reusable molds or "forms" that are then cured in a controlled environment. This allows precast concrete construction to provide several benefits over traditional cast-in-place concrete including time savings, quality assurance, cost effectiveness, durability, aesthetics, and safer construction. However, precast concrete also has some disadvantages such as high initial investment costs, transportation issues, handling difficulties, limitations for modifications, and needing sensitive connection work. Overall, precast concrete can be a good solution for large construction projects where its benefits outweigh its disadvantages.
This lecture discusses precast concrete construction. It differentiates between architectural and structural precast concrete. Total precast construction uses only precast concrete for all building elements, while mixed precast combines precast with other materials. Joints and connections between precast elements are crucial and include slab to slab, slab to beam, and column to column connections. The construction process for precast buildings is similar to steel construction, with elements connected by welding or bolting after being lifted into place by crane.
The document discusses prefabricated construction techniques. Some key points:
- Prefabricated structures are built by assembling standardized components manufactured off-site. This allows for faster, more cost-effective construction.
- Common prefabrication systems include large panel systems using concrete walls and floors, frame systems using precast beams and columns, and slab-column systems with precast floors/walls.
- Prefabricated components provide benefits like controlled quality, weather-resistant construction, and minimized on-site work. Examples of prefabricated elements include concrete panels, beams, columns, and steel frames.
- Connection systems are required to join prefabricated elements together. Applications include industrial,
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in reusable molds in a controlled environment, then transporting and assembling on site. It enables faster construction with less weather dependence and improved quality control. Precast concrete provides structural strength and durability while allowing flexibility in shapes and finishes. Though precast reduces on-site work, connection design between pieces can be challenging. Overall, precast construction responds well to market demands for speed, quality, and standardized design.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
This presentation discusses prefabricated building components. It covers prefabrication systems including large panel systems, frame systems, and slab-column systems. Manufacturing processes are described for various components like roof slabs, floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, shear walls, beams, and columns. Specific component types like floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, and shear walls are explained in more detail. Architectural and structural design aspects of using prefabricated components are also addressed.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
Trusses are commonly used in buildings to span long distances and carry heavy loads. Steel trusses are preferred over wood trusses for their strength, simplicity of installation, and durability without risk of rotting. Various types of trusses include king post, queen post, Howe, Pratt, and fan trusses used in roofs, as well as north light trusses traditionally used for industrial buildings to maximize natural lighting. Larger spans may use tubular steel, quadrangular, or gusset plate connected trusses, while galvanized steel sheets are often used for roofing material.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed ImpetusIEI GSC
Presentation on Prefabricated construction systems in India- Precast Status and needed Impetus by Prof S. K. Singh,Sr. Principal Scientist & Professor, AcSIR, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
This document provides an overview of prefabricated modular structures. It discusses the introduction and features of prefabricated structures, comparing them to site-cast structures. It outlines the design concept, components, types of precast systems including large panel, frame, and lift-slab systems. It also discusses design considerations, equipment used, assembly process, scheduling, advantages including reduced costs and time, limitations, and concludes with examples of prefabricated hospital structures.
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Prefabricated structures involve assembling components of a structure in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. This allows sections of walls, floors, and roofs to be prefabricated off-site and then lifted into place using a crane. Prefabrication aims to reduce costs, improve quality control, and speed up construction by eliminating on-site curing. Common materials used include concrete, steel, wood, and aluminum due to their strength, availability, and suitability for prefabrication. Modular coordination and standardization are important principles to simplify construction and assembly of prefabricated components. Various types of cranes such as tower cranes and mobile cranes are used to transport and erect prefabric
The document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete components are cast off-site in a controlled environment and transported to the construction site for assembly. This allows for standardized, mass produced elements.
- Large precast concrete panels form the walls and floors, connecting vertically and horizontally. When joined, they form a rigid box structure that transfers lateral loads.
- Connections between precast elements can be either dry joints using bolts/welds, or monolithic placement with concrete poured to join components.
The document discusses precast concrete buildings. It begins with an introduction to precast construction and its advantages over conventional construction. It then describes various precast elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls, and connections. It discusses construction methodology, design considerations, cost comparison to cast-in-situ, standards, and provides case studies of precast buildings in India and abroad.
The document discusses common defects found in buildings such as cracks and dampness. It categorizes defects into pre-construction, during construction, and post-construction. Cracks can be structural or non-structural, and are caused by factors like drying shrinkage, thermal movement, elastic deformation, creep, chemical reactions, and foundation issues. Dampness is usually due to penetrating damp from gaps or rising damp without a proper damp proof course. Preventive measures include proper design, materials, construction practices, and addressing the root causes of defects.
Shell structures- advanced building constructionShweta Modi
This document discusses different types of shell structures used in construction. It begins by defining shell structures as thin curved membranes or slabs, usually of reinforced concrete, that function as both structure and covering. It then describes various forms of curvature for shells including surfaces of revolution, translation, and ruled surfaces. It discusses developable and non-developable shells and provides examples of different shell structures like barrel vaults, domes, folded plates, and more. It also covers topics like suitable materials, centering, and construction of reinforced concrete barrel vaults.
Pneumatic structures are membrane structures that use air pressure for support. They have a thin, flexible membrane that is stabilized by internal pressurization or external tensioning. Some key advantages are their light weight, ability to span large distances without supports, and rapid assembly. However, they require continuous air pressure maintenance and have a relatively short service life. Applications include sports facilities, military structures, exhibition centers, and greenhouses.
Precast concrete is concrete that is cast in reusable molds or "forms" that are then cured in a controlled environment. This allows precast concrete construction to provide several benefits over traditional cast-in-place concrete including time savings, quality assurance, cost effectiveness, durability, aesthetics, and safer construction. However, precast concrete also has some disadvantages such as high initial investment costs, transportation issues, handling difficulties, limitations for modifications, and needing sensitive connection work. Overall, precast concrete can be a good solution for large construction projects where its benefits outweigh its disadvantages.
This lecture discusses precast concrete construction. It differentiates between architectural and structural precast concrete. Total precast construction uses only precast concrete for all building elements, while mixed precast combines precast with other materials. Joints and connections between precast elements are crucial and include slab to slab, slab to beam, and column to column connections. The construction process for precast buildings is similar to steel construction, with elements connected by welding or bolting after being lifted into place by crane.
The document discusses prefabricated construction techniques. Some key points:
- Prefabricated structures are built by assembling standardized components manufactured off-site. This allows for faster, more cost-effective construction.
- Common prefabrication systems include large panel systems using concrete walls and floors, frame systems using precast beams and columns, and slab-column systems with precast floors/walls.
- Prefabricated components provide benefits like controlled quality, weather-resistant construction, and minimized on-site work. Examples of prefabricated elements include concrete panels, beams, columns, and steel frames.
- Connection systems are required to join prefabricated elements together. Applications include industrial,
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in reusable molds in a controlled environment, then transporting and assembling on site. It enables faster construction with less weather dependence and improved quality control. Precast concrete provides structural strength and durability while allowing flexibility in shapes and finishes. Though precast reduces on-site work, connection design between pieces can be challenging. Overall, precast construction responds well to market demands for speed, quality, and standardized design.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
This presentation discusses prefabricated building components. It covers prefabrication systems including large panel systems, frame systems, and slab-column systems. Manufacturing processes are described for various components like roof slabs, floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, shear walls, beams, and columns. Specific component types like floor slabs, waffle slabs, wall panels, and shear walls are explained in more detail. Architectural and structural design aspects of using prefabricated components are also addressed.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
This document discusses different structural systems used for high-rise buildings, including belt truss systems, core truss systems, framed tube structures, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, and diagrid systems. It also covers common construction materials like concrete and steel, different foundation types, and construction methods like slip forming, climb forming, table forming, system column formwork, and vertical panel systems.
The document provides an overview of different structural systems used in high-rise buildings, including framed tube structures, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, trussed tube structures, belt truss systems, and core truss mega structures. It also discusses common construction materials, foundations, and construction methods for high-rises, such as slip forming, climb forming, table forming, system column formwork, vertical panel systems, jump forming, and tunnel forming. The document is a presentation on high rise structural systems presented by Akshay Revekar and Durgesh Pippal from MITS Gwalior.
The document provides an overview of different structural systems used in high-rise buildings, including framed tube structures, belt truss systems, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, and diagrid systems. It also discusses various construction materials, foundations, and construction methods for high-rise buildings such as slip forming, climb forming, jump forming, and tunnel forming. The structural systems allow for wider column spacing to provide large interior spaces while effectively resisting wind and seismic loads.
This slide explains different structural systems used in high rise buildings.what is the true meaning of high rise building ?
aims of high rise? objectives of high rise?
Prefabrication & Pre-CASTING, Advanced Structural Concretes Materials for Pre...Deepak Verma
This document discusses modular and prefabricated construction components used in precast concrete buildings. It describes the key components that can be prefabricated off-site such as walls, floors, beams, columns, stairs, and their connections. These include different types of precast walls, slabs, beams shaped as I-beams, L-beams or rectangular, and dimensions for efficient construction. Connection details are provided for beam-column, wall-foundation, and other joints.
1) Shear walls are vertical elements that carry lateral loads like wind and seismic forces from the building down to the foundation, forming a box structure for support.
2) Shear walls should be placed on all levels of the building, including the basement, and symmetrically on all four exterior walls to form an effective structure. Interior walls can add strength when exterior walls are not sufficient.
3) Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, steel plate, and hollow concrete block masonry walls. Proper design and ductility improve shear wall performance during seismic events.
This document provides information on cast-in-place and pre-cast concrete, as well as different types of concrete slabs and floor systems. It defines cast-in-place and pre-cast concrete, compares their advantages, and provides details on useful information for each method. It also describes different types of concrete slabs - flat slab, flat plate, waffle slab, ribbed floor slab, and lift slab. Finally, it discusses different types of floor systems including metal decking and concrete floor systems.
Portal frames are low-rise structures comprising columns and horizontal or pitched rafters connected by moment-resisting connections. They provide clear unobstructed spans and are efficient for enclosing large volumes, making them useful for industrial, commercial, and agricultural buildings. Girder-slab systems combine a structural steel frame with prefabricated concrete girders and slabs for fast construction of mid-to-high rise buildings. Shell structures are thin curved concrete structures that function as both structure and enclosure through their strength and rigidity provided by their form. Common shell structures include folded plate, barrel vaults, and domes of revolution.
The document discusses different types of high-rise buildings. It defines high-rises and provides reasons for their increasing demand, including scarcity of land and desire for aesthetics. It describes various structural loads high-rises must withstand and common construction materials used. It also lists top 10 high-rise buildings worldwide and examples in Pakistan. Finally, it outlines different high-rise structural systems such as braced frames, shear walls, tube structures, and their advantages.
This document provides information on formworks, scaffolding, shoring, underpinning, and prefabricated construction components. It discusses the introduction, characteristics, classification, and types of formworks based on materials of construction such as timber, metal, and plastic. It also describes scaffolding and different types used in construction. For underpinning, it explains the conditions that require underpinning and various methods used. Finally, it summarizes prefabricated construction including advantages, classification based on materials and systems, types, and connections used.
Pre - Engineered Metal Buildings - The Latest Trend In Building constructionmustafa hussain
Pre-engineered metal buildings use prefabricated steel framing and standardized components to provide a complete building envelope system. This allows buildings to be constructed quickly using various wall, roof, floor, and accessory panels tailored to the required function. Common applications include low-rise commercial and industrial buildings up to 30 meters tall like offices, warehouses, and shops. The pre-engineered approach saves both time and costs compared to conventional construction methods.
Pre engineered metal buildings - the latest trend in building constructionhlksd
Pre-engineered metal buildings use prefabricated steel framing and standardized components to provide a complete building envelope system. This allows for fast, economical construction of low-rise buildings like warehouses, factories, and houses. The key benefits of pre-engineered metal buildings are their speed of construction, design versatility, energy efficiency from insulated wall and roof panels, and lower long-term maintenance costs compared to traditional construction methods. They are well-suited for a wide variety of commercial and industrial building applications.
Pre - Engineered Metal Buildings - The Latest Trend In Building constructionmustafa hussain
Pre-engineered metal buildings use prefabricated steel framing and standardized components to provide a complete building envelope system. This allows for fast, economical construction of low-rise buildings like warehouses, factories, and houses. The key benefits of pre-engineered metal buildings are their speed of construction, design versatility, energy efficiency from insulated wall and roof panels, and lower long-term maintenance costs compared to traditional construction methods.
Portal frames are single storey steel structures that provide large open floor plans. They consist of vertical columns connected by horizontal beams and rafters to form the frame, without interior columns. This allows for unobstructed floor spaces useful for industrial, warehouse and commercial buildings. Portal frames can be made of steel, concrete or timber, with steel being most common due to its strength, light weight and ease of construction.
Shear walls are concrete or masonry walls that are reinforced with steel rods arranged in a grid pattern. They are designed to resist both vertical and horizontal forces like earthquakes. Shear walls are integrated throughout the building's structure to provide three-dimensional stability. Compared to framed structures, shear wall systems are more effective at withstanding earthquakes due to their larger supporting area relative to the building footprint. Properly designed and detailed shear wall buildings have demonstrated good seismic performance in past earthquakes.
The lecture is in support of:
(1) The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016: chapter 4.
(2) Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller: chapter 13.
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR HIGH RISE AND LONG SPAN BUILDING.pdfdaynight6
Braced frames are a structural system commonly used for tall buildings and structures subject to lateral loads. The system uses bracing elements like diagonal steel members to resist lateral forces from wind and earthquakes and transfer them into the foundation. There are different types of bracing configurations like single, cross, V, and K bracing that provide stability and stiffness. Braced frames allow for open floor plans and provide strength and resistance to lateral sway compared to moment frames. They have been used successfully in many high-rise buildings around the world.
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS FOR HIGH RISE AND LONG SPAN BUILDING.pdfdaynight6
Braced frames are a structural system commonly used for tall buildings and structures subject to lateral loads. The system uses bracing elements like diagonal steel members to resist lateral forces from wind and earthquakes and transfer them into the foundation. There are different types of bracing configurations like single, cross, V, and K bracing that provide stability and stiffness. Braced frames allow for open floor plans and provide strength and resistance to lateral sway compared to other structural systems.
This presentation is on topic "Understanding of Disaster: Concept of Disaster and Risk" , which is based of open elective subject "Disaster Management " in RTU. In which I covered following topics:
*Concept of disaster
*Related terms
Disaster happened in year 2012
Disaster Management Cycle
Difference between Mitigation and preparedness
Disaster management approach
Climate Change Adaptation and DRR
Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
This document discusses bridge expansion joints. It begins by defining expansion joints and their purpose of accommodating movement in bridges. It then categorizes expansion joints based on the magnitude of movement they can handle: small (under 45mm), medium (45-130mm), and large (over 130mm). Examples of joint types for each category are given along with their advantages and disadvantages. Small movement joints discussed include sliding plate, compression seal, asphaltic plug, and poured sealant joints. Medium movement joints include strip seal and finger plate joints. Large movement joints include bolt-down panels and modular elastomeric seals. The document also discusses the installation process and maintenance of finger plate joints.
This document provides information about hydroelectric power plants. It discusses the basic components and principles of hydroelectric dams, including reservoirs, dams, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on factors like head, capacity, and location. Several major hydroelectric plants in India are discussed as examples, including Sardar Sarovar and Ukai. International examples of different types of dam structures are also summarized.
Spillways are structures used to release surplus flood waters from a reservoir in a controlled manner. The main types of spillways include ogee or overflow spillways, chute spillways, morning glory spillways, and siphon spillways. To determine spillway capacity, engineers study past flood data and rainfall records to calculate the maximum probable flood, then add a margin of safety like 25%. This establishes the required discharge capacity. Energy dissipators like stilling basins are also important to safely discharge flood waters downstream.
This document discusses failure and safety aspects of earthen dams. It describes different types of earthen dams, including earth dams, rock-filled dams, and composite earth and rock-filled dams. It then lists several potential failure modes of earthen dams, such as foundation sliding, spreading failure, piping failure, slope protection failure, and failure due to earthquake shaking. For earthquake-induced failure specifically, it notes that cracks may develop causing leakage, piping may occur due to reservoir shaking, settlements may reduce freeboard and cause overtopping, and shear slides or liquefaction of underlying soils are also risks. The document concludes with some RTU questions related to earthen dam analysis, design, instrumentation and
1. Dams are constructed across rivers to store flowing water for uses like hydropower, irrigation, water supply, flood control, and navigation.
2. The key forces acting on a gravity dam include its self-weight, which provides stability, and water pressure from the reservoir, which acts to overturn the dam. Uplift, earthquake loads, silt pressure, and ice pressure are other important forces that must be estimated based on assumptions and available data.
3. The weight of the dam per unit length is calculated based on the cross-sectional area and unit weight of the concrete or masonry used. The total weight acts at the centroid of the cross-section and is the main stabil
This document provides information on analyzing the stability and safety of concrete gravity dams. It discusses the different loading cases to consider, including empty reservoir, full reservoir under normal and flood conditions, and with seismic forces. It describes analyzing the dam's stability against overturning, sliding, shear stresses, and foundation and concrete overstresses. The document outlines the assumptions made in stability analysis and the recommended safety factors. It also discusses determining normal and principal stresses in the dam, and ensuring compressive stresses are maintained.
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Precast construction
1. ALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts
BUILDING MATERIALS
& CONSTRUCTIONS
POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRECAST CONSTRUCTION
DIVYA VISHNOI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
2. Scope
INTRODUCTION
What is precast?
Advantages
Case studies of precast buildings(India/abroad)
Companies involved in precast buildings (India/abroad)
ELEMENTS OF PRECAST BUILDINGS AND VARIOUS SYSTE
MS
Precast footings
Beams
Columns
Slab
Shearwalls
Partitionwalls
Connection between precast elements
3. Introduction
WHAT IS PRECAST ?
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by
casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is th
en cured in a controlled environment, transported to the
constructionsiteand lifted and set into place.
4. Differences between Precast and Cast-in- situ
PRECAST BUILDINGS CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS
Designed, manufactured, and tested under s
upervision of experienced management.
Concretecastat sitewherecontrac
tors do not take care of mix desig
n proportions.
Entire concrete blocks are cured uniformly for
the required amountof time.
Curing is not done uniformlyatsites.
Production is not hamperedwith
weatherdelays
Production is severely hampered.
Aesthetically pleasingappearance Special aesthetic designrequired
Environment -friendly Non environment-friendly
Stationary equipment efficiency designed for
repetitive production. Costof formwork peru
nit to be lower than for site-castproduction.
Special design and features develope
dfor each project at highercosts
Greater flexibility : Design and manufact
uring at samelocation.
Not flexible
Construction is faster. Construction is comparativelyslower.
5. Precast elements
A precast building is constructed by assembling and connec
ting various prefabricated elements required in the building
structure. These elements are:
Precast slabs
Precast beams
Precast columns
Precast walls
Precast foundation
6. Precast Slab
Precast slabs are cast in a factory environment and include t
he following pre stressed concrete options:
Hollow core units:
A Hollow core slab offers the ideal structural section by redu
cing deadweightwhile providing the maximum structural ef
ficiency within the slab depth. Precast floors are available wi
th a variety of factory-formed notches, slots and reinforcem
ent arrangements which offervarious design approaches.
7. Precast Slab
Double-tee units:
Double Tee (TT) slabs are two symmetrically placed beams interacting w
ith a slab forming in one section with a “double tee” shape made in preca
st, pre stressed concrete.
Resistant to moistureand corrosion. Parking garages, office buildings, co
mmercial buildings, factories, industrial buildings, etc., are all ideal appli
cations.
Made with G50 concrete and ½” strands ASTM A416 as standard, each d
ouble Tee slab is normally 2400mm wide.
8. BEARING SUPPORTS FOR DOUBLE TEE SLABS
Double tee slabs can be supported on many types of suppo
rts designed to carry the required dead and live loads. Preca
st beams, precast walls, poured concrete beams and walls, m
asonry walls, insulated concrete forming system walls and st
ructural steel beams are all suitable for use with double tee s
labs as load bearingsystems.
9. Solid concrete units:
These are simple solid core slabs which appear same as solid sl
abs cast in situ; theonlydifference being that theyare prefabri
cated.
Slab Depths: range from 75mm to 240mm with upstands – giving over
all
depths between 150mm and 300mm.
Slab Widths: Usually manufactured to 600mm or 1200mm nominalsize
.
Rapid Construction: Precast slabs are manufactured to the specific nee
ds of the building, eliminating shuttering and adding to speed of cons
truction.
Design Efficient: Composite floors can be designed to act compositely
with the structureof the building to reduce membersizes.
Soffit Finish: The soffit of the solid prestressed slab is generally from a
steel mould and is therefore suitable for an exposed finish in structures
such as car parks, industrial buildings and for a wide variety of applied
finishes in other types of buildings.
10. Biaxial voided slabs :
A relatively new technology developed in Europe has taken the efficienc
y of cast-in-place flatplate slabs to new heights.
Floor spans up to 17 meters (~56 feet) and overall slab thicknesses up to
60 cm (~24 inches).
These slabs are more efficient than traditional structural floor systems
commonly used in the construction of office buildings. The main effect
of the voided slab system is to decrease the overall weight by as much as
35% when compared to a solid slab of the same capacity, while still offer
ing otheradvantages.
The voided slab system has the same bearing capacity as conventional c
oncrete solid slabs, and standard design and detailing techniques can b
e directlyapplied.
11. Precast Beams
Beams and beam shells are both used for suspended floor
ing. Beams are typically used as ledges for other forms of p
recast flooring to sit on, but can also be used as a flooring
option in their own right. They are generally manufactured
to suit each particular situation and profiles can include
Tee-beams,
L-beams,
Rectangularbeams,
U-beamsand
Beam shells.
Beamscan beeitherreinforced or pre stressed.
12. Tee-Beams :
Tee-beams (either single or double) cover the span range
beyond slab-type members such as hollowcoreplanks.
Tee-beamsare averyefficient structural shape.
The units are generally cast with straight strands or defle
cted strands, depending on designconsiderations.
The Tee-beams are the basis for the design of economic
al, fire rated structures where construction time, long s
pans or heavy loadings are important cost influences.
13. Inverted Tee-Beams (Ledger) :
Inverted Tee-beams are generally used for flooring syste
ms like beam and infill where they provide a ledger for p
recast floor units to sit on. Inverted Tee-beams are struct
urallysimilar toa standard single Tee-beam.
14. L-Beam (Spandrel):
L-beams havean 'L' shape profile which providesa ledge
fora precast flooring system to sit on.
These beamsare generally used tospan clearsections
and are reinforced and/orprestressed.
15. Rectangular Beams:
Rectangular beams get their name from the end profile.
These beams are generally used to span clear sections an
d are reinforced and/or prestressed.
U-Beams:
U-beams as the name suggests have a 'U' shaped profile.
These beams are generally used to span clear sections an
d are reinforced and/orpretensioned.
used for single-unitmore commonly
bridges than with composite f looring
They are
pedestrian
systems.
16. Beam Shells:
This is a complimentary composite system of precast elemnts
that contain all the positive main beam reinforcement and m
ost/all of the stirrups in a minimum volume of concrete for ec
onomy and ease ofhandling.
They are generally ‘U’ shaped and mostly used in conjunction
with precast flooring such as hollowcore or permanent formw
ork panels to eliminate on site forming.
17. Precast Columns
Precast concrete columns are modular in design in o
rder to be made intodifferent heights.
Widths are 12", 18" and24".
Columns are not structural, but can be used as such
only after a structural engineer has adapted them to
a building.
Precast column can be produced as either single st
orey corbel columnor multi storey corbel column.
18. Columns can either be rectangular or circular in sectio
n.
Projecting rebar can be provided for tying in to in-situ f
loors. Options for foundation connections include cast i
n base plates, dowel tubes or projections.
Beam support is achieved by either flared heads, corbel
s or bolt-onbrackets.
19. Precast Walls
A wall systemcan be comprised of :
flat orcurved panels (solid, hollow-core, or insulated)
window or mullionpanels
ribbed panels
double-tee .
20.
21. Precast Footings
Precast footings are a recentinnovation.
No holes need to be dug for footings, as the precast
blocks are set on grade, and the posts, columns or b
eams fit in pocketscast in the concrete block.
Precast concrete foundations are pre-engineered sy
stems manufactured in a controlledenvironment.
22. Precast footings Cast in situ footings
•Built off site •Formed and cast on site
•Lowest site impact (0.5-1.0 days) •High site impact (5-8 days)
•Negligible impact by weather •Construction impacted by weather
•Panelized = joints for expansion and
Contraction
•Monolithically cast = cracks
23. Type of Precast Systems
The type of structural system in mind:
The purpose of building,
The efficiency of thesystem,
The locationand
The client’s need.
Depending on the load-bearing structure, precast system
s can be divided into the followcategories:
Large-panel systems
Framesystems
Slab-column systems withwalls
Mixed systems
24. Large panel system
“Large-panel system” refers to multistory structures composed of large
wall and floor concretepanels connected in thevertical and horizontal
directions so that the wall panels enclose appropriate spaces for the ro
oms within abuilding.
These panels form a box-likestructure.
Both vertical and horizontal panels resistgravity load.
Wall panels are usually one storey high.
Horizontal floor and roof panels span eitheras one-wayor two-w
ay slabs.
When properly joined together, these horizontal elements act
as diaphragms that transfer the lateral loads to the walls.
25. Depending on wall layout, thereare
three basic configurations of large-
panel buildings:
Cross-wall system : The main walls th
at resist gravity and lateral loads are pla
ced in the short direction of the buildin
g.
Longitudinal-wall system: The walls
resisting gravity and lateral loads are pl
aced in the longitudinaldirection.
Two-way system. The walls are placed i
n bothdirections.
26. Frame Systems
Precast frames can be constructed using either linear
elements orspatial beam column sub-assemblages.
The use of linear elements generally means placing t
he connecting faces at the beam-column junctions.
The beams can be seated on corbels at the columns,
for ease of construction and to aid the shear transfer
from the beam to thecolumn.
The beam-column joints accomplished in this way ar
e hinged.
However, rigid beam-column connections are used in
some cases, when the continuity of longitudinal rei
nforcement through the beam-column joint needs to
be ensured.
27. The componentsof a precast reinforced concrete
frame are shown inFigure:
28. Slab Column Systems
These systems rely on shear walls to sustain lateral l
oad effects, whereas the slab-column structure resist
s mainly gravity loads.
There are two main systems in this category:
Lift-slab system withwalls
Prestressed slab-columnsystem
29. Lift –slabsystem:
The load-bearing structure consists of precast reinforced
concrete columns andslabs.
Precastcolumns areusually two stories high.
All precast structural elements are assembled by means of
special joints.
Precast concrete floor slabs are lifted from the ground up to th
e final height by liftingcranes.
The slab panels are lifted to the top of the column and then
moved downwards to the finalposition.
Temporarysupports are used to keep the slabs in the position
until theconnectionwith thecolumns has beenachieved.
30. The prestressed slab-columnsystem:
Horizontal prestressing in two orthogonal directions to achi
evecontinuity.
The precastconcretecolumn elementsare 1 to 3 stories high.
After erecting the slabs and columns of a storey, the columns a
nd floor slabs are prestressed by means of prestressing tendon
s that pass through ducts in the columns at the floor level and
along the gaps left betweenadjacentslabs.
After prestressing, the gaps between the slabs are filled with i
n situ concrete and the tendons then become bonded with th
e spans.
post-tensioned slab columnconnection
31. References
1) “Building Construction” authored by S.C. Rangwala, Charotar publishing house Pvt. L
td.
2) “Building Construction” authored by Bindra and Arora, Dhanpat Rai Publication.
3) “Building Construction” authored by M.L. Gambhir, Tata Meghraw Hills publication.