The document discusses high rise buildings and their structures. It defines high rise buildings as between 35-100 meters tall or 12-39 floors. Buildings over 100m are called skyscrapers and over 600m are mega-tall. High rises are constructed to address land scarcity in urban areas and increasing demand for space. Their structures have evolved from early stone and iron frames to steel skeleton frames to reinforced concrete shear walls and core structures. Foundations must transfer enormous loads into the ground through methods like raft or pile foundations. Interior structures use rigid frames, shear walls, and exterior structures employ tube systems to resist lateral wind and seismic loads.
The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
framed tube structure
structure tube furniture
structure tube canada
tube structural system
tube structure design
tube frame building kits
tube structure buildings
tube framed buildings
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
Structural systems in high-rise buildings have evolved over three generations from the late 18th century to present. Early systems used stone, brick, cast iron and wood. Later systems in the 1850-1940 period used steel frames with concrete. Modern systems from 1940 on use steel cores, outriggers, tube designs, diagrids, and superframes to resist gravity and lateral wind loads. Definitions of high-rise vary but are generally above 35 meters. Drivers for tall buildings include land scarcity, demand for space, and prestige. Innovators like Fazlur Rahman Khan pioneered new efficient systems. Future trends may include taller megatalls over 600 meters using new composite systems and materials.
High-rise buildings first emerged in the late 19th century in urban areas with high land prices and population densities. They allowed for more vertical construction on limited land. Advances in steel construction made taller buildings possible. There are several reasons for building high-rises, including using expensive urban land more efficiently, creating density to reduce transportation needs, and gaining publicity. High-rise buildings present structural challenges like managing increasing loads and forces from wind and earthquakes with height. Foundations must support large loads and lateral forces through techniques like piles.
This document discusses structural systems used in high-rise buildings. It defines high-rise buildings and outlines the increasing demand for them due to factors like land scarcity. It describes the development of structural systems from the first generation using stone, brick and cast iron to modern systems using steel and concrete. Interior structural systems discussed include rigid frames, shear walls and outrigger structures. Exterior systems include tube systems and diagrid systems that resist lateral loads through a rigid perimeter structure.
This document provides an overview of high-rise buildings including:
- Definitions of high-rise from various organizations ranging from 10+ stories to buildings over 100 meters tall.
- The structural systems commonly used in high-rise construction including rigid frames, shear walls, outriggers, tube systems, and diagrids.
- Core designs with details on central, split, and other core types.
- Electrical, mechanical and fire protection facilities required for high-rises such as sprinkler systems, standpipes, signage, and more.
- Parking configurations including single way, 45 degree, and perpendicular parking options.
The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
framed tube structure
structure tube furniture
structure tube canada
tube structural system
tube structure design
tube frame building kits
tube structure buildings
tube framed buildings
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
Structural systems in high-rise buildings have evolved over three generations from the late 18th century to present. Early systems used stone, brick, cast iron and wood. Later systems in the 1850-1940 period used steel frames with concrete. Modern systems from 1940 on use steel cores, outriggers, tube designs, diagrids, and superframes to resist gravity and lateral wind loads. Definitions of high-rise vary but are generally above 35 meters. Drivers for tall buildings include land scarcity, demand for space, and prestige. Innovators like Fazlur Rahman Khan pioneered new efficient systems. Future trends may include taller megatalls over 600 meters using new composite systems and materials.
High-rise buildings first emerged in the late 19th century in urban areas with high land prices and population densities. They allowed for more vertical construction on limited land. Advances in steel construction made taller buildings possible. There are several reasons for building high-rises, including using expensive urban land more efficiently, creating density to reduce transportation needs, and gaining publicity. High-rise buildings present structural challenges like managing increasing loads and forces from wind and earthquakes with height. Foundations must support large loads and lateral forces through techniques like piles.
This document discusses structural systems used in high-rise buildings. It defines high-rise buildings and outlines the increasing demand for them due to factors like land scarcity. It describes the development of structural systems from the first generation using stone, brick and cast iron to modern systems using steel and concrete. Interior structural systems discussed include rigid frames, shear walls and outrigger structures. Exterior systems include tube systems and diagrid systems that resist lateral loads through a rigid perimeter structure.
This document provides an overview of high-rise buildings including:
- Definitions of high-rise from various organizations ranging from 10+ stories to buildings over 100 meters tall.
- The structural systems commonly used in high-rise construction including rigid frames, shear walls, outriggers, tube systems, and diagrids.
- Core designs with details on central, split, and other core types.
- Electrical, mechanical and fire protection facilities required for high-rises such as sprinkler systems, standpipes, signage, and more.
- Parking configurations including single way, 45 degree, and perpendicular parking options.
High-rise buildings present unique challenges in their design due to factors like wind loads, lateral loads, and earthquake loads that increase with building height. Some key challenges in high-rise design include selecting appropriate structural systems to resist these loads, designing large span floor systems, performing complex 3D analysis, and ensuring ductile detailing. Modern techniques used to address these challenges include outrigger systems, belt trusses, post-tensioned floor slabs, wind tunnel testing, and advanced control systems.
structure, technology and materials of highrise buildingsshahul130103
Structural loads on tall buildings include dead loads, live loads, and environmental loads from seismic activity, wind, and temperature changes. Tall buildings must have structural systems to effectively distribute these loads and resist lateral forces. Common structural typologies include interior moment frames, shear walls, outrigger systems, and exterior tube, diagrid, and bundled tube systems which use closely spaced columns and beams to act as a rigid perimeter wall. The structural forms vary based on the building material (concrete or steel) and optimize the building's ability to transfer loads vertically and resist lateral loads like wind and seismic forces.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
The document discusses different types of high-rise buildings. It defines high-rises and provides reasons for their increasing demand, including scarcity of land and desire for aesthetics. It describes various structural loads high-rises must withstand and common construction materials used. It also lists top 10 high-rise buildings worldwide and examples in Pakistan. Finally, it outlines different high-rise structural systems such as braced frames, shear walls, tube structures, and their advantages.
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methodsDP NITHIN
This presentation is about the structural systems in tall buildings and also consists of overview of methods of analysis in tall buildings like linear and non linear seismic analysis.
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
One of the most efficient structural systems against heavy wind loads is the bundled tube structural system
The first person to implement the bundled tube structural system was Fazlur Rahman Khan from Dhaka, Bangladesh with the design of the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments in Chicago, Illinois.
Steel in Highrise building : Application Onal Kothari
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is strong, durable, and ductile. It is the most widely used structural material in building construction due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Steel allows for lighter, more efficient building designs including tall skyscrapers. Modern steel production occurs in over 50 countries worldwide using various furnace processes. Emerging structural systems enable increasingly complex geometries and non-orthogonal high-rise building designs.
A tensile structure is a construction where load bearing capacity is achieved through tension stress in components like cables, fabrics, or foils. Tension structures include boundary tensioned membranes, pneumatic structures, and pre-stressed cable nets and beams. Tensile membrane structures are often used as roofs as they can economically span large distances. Common types include saddle roofs supported by high and low points, mast-supported structures with fabric attached to interior masts, and structures stabilized by cables in tension like suspension bridges. Tensile structures provide benefits like unique designs, natural lighting, low maintenance, and cost efficiency.
High Rise Building Structure Systems Types
Slide Contents :
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO HIGH-RISE DESIGN
DEMANDS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING
MATERIAL
TYPES OF SYSTEMS
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The document discusses various types of tall buildings and earthquake resistant design strategies. It describes bundled tube, framed tube, braced tube, and tube-in-tube structural systems that are used for tall buildings. The document also summarizes the Bhuj earthquake that occurred in Gujarat in 2001 and killed over 19,000 people. It provides steps for seismic design including planning symmetrical buildings, avoiding soft stories, using ductile materials, and providing vertical load paths like shear walls, bracing, and tuned mass dampers.
Tube structures and its type with comparison .Udayram Patil
Hollow tube section always provide greater strength. So the same concept is applied to the building. Tubed system is designed to act like a three dimensional hollow tube structure which result in increased load resistance .
This document provides information about space frames, cable structures, and folded plate structures. It defines a space frame as a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports. Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected along their edges to form a structural system without additional beams. Cable structures derive their strength from tension forces in the cables rather than from bending or compression. Common cable structures include suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and cable-supported roofs.
This document provides information about the core of a high-rise building. It defines a core as a vertical space used for circulation and services like elevators, staircases, and mechanical systems. Cores allow efficient distribution of these services to floors. The document discusses different core types and considerations for placement of mechanical and plumbing systems, as well as toilet access. Elevator types, sizes, and fire safety standards are also outlined.
Diagrid Systems : Future of Tall buildings, Technical Paper by Jagmohan Garg ...Jagmohan Garg
The document discusses the DiaGrid structural system for tall buildings. A DiaGrid system uses a design of triangulated steel beams and horizontal support rings to construct large buildings. It creates a structural system of triangles that provides stability and resistance to lateral loads. Some key benefits of the DiaGrid system include column-free interior spaces, resistance to overturning forces, simpler construction, and better load redistribution compared to braced frame structures. While effective for buildings up to 70 stories, the DiaGrid system involves complicated joint connections.
This document discusses long span building structures. It defines long span as structures with spans larger than 20m that cannot be achieved with ordinary reinforced concrete structures. It lists various loads that act on structural systems including dead, live, wind, and temperature loads. It also lists common materials that can be used for long span structures such as reinforced concrete, steel, timber, and composites. Common structural forms including insitu and precast concrete, steel structures, and portal frames are discussed. Long span structures are classified into form active, vector active, section active, and surface active systems with examples provided. Design considerations for long span beams are also mentioned, noting benefits such as flexible column-free spaces. Long span buildings create large column-
The document provides details on 4 proposed or constructed high-rise buildings - the Namasté Tower in Mumbai, India, the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China, the Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taipei, Taiwan, and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Key information included on each building is the location, architect, details on sustainable design elements and energy efficiency strategies, as well as conceptual descriptions and images.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
This document provides information on high-rise buildings. It begins with definitions of high-rise, skyscraper, and supertall buildings based on height. It then discusses the demands and drivers for high-rise construction such as land scarcity and prestige. The document outlines the development of high-rise buildings from early structures made of stone/brick and iron to modern steel and concrete designs. It provides details on structural systems such as tube, shear wall, braced frame, and core structures. Finally, it discusses structural loads, foundation types, construction materials and interior/exterior structural components of high-rise buildings.
Final presentation by Akramul masum from southeast university bangladesh.Integrated Design
This document provides information about a study on the analysis and design of high-rise buildings. It defines what constitutes a high-rise building and explores the various factors driving demand for them. It examines the history of tall buildings and provides a chart showing increases in building heights over time. It also discusses structural systems and loads, including gravity, lateral and special loads. Core functions, parking considerations and case studies of high-rise projects are presented.
High-rise buildings present unique challenges in their design due to factors like wind loads, lateral loads, and earthquake loads that increase with building height. Some key challenges in high-rise design include selecting appropriate structural systems to resist these loads, designing large span floor systems, performing complex 3D analysis, and ensuring ductile detailing. Modern techniques used to address these challenges include outrigger systems, belt trusses, post-tensioned floor slabs, wind tunnel testing, and advanced control systems.
structure, technology and materials of highrise buildingsshahul130103
Structural loads on tall buildings include dead loads, live loads, and environmental loads from seismic activity, wind, and temperature changes. Tall buildings must have structural systems to effectively distribute these loads and resist lateral forces. Common structural typologies include interior moment frames, shear walls, outrigger systems, and exterior tube, diagrid, and bundled tube systems which use closely spaced columns and beams to act as a rigid perimeter wall. The structural forms vary based on the building material (concrete or steel) and optimize the building's ability to transfer loads vertically and resist lateral loads like wind and seismic forces.
Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.
The document discusses different types of high-rise buildings. It defines high-rises and provides reasons for their increasing demand, including scarcity of land and desire for aesthetics. It describes various structural loads high-rises must withstand and common construction materials used. It also lists top 10 high-rise buildings worldwide and examples in Pakistan. Finally, it outlines different high-rise structural systems such as braced frames, shear walls, tube structures, and their advantages.
Structural systems in high rise building and analysis methodsDP NITHIN
This presentation is about the structural systems in tall buildings and also consists of overview of methods of analysis in tall buildings like linear and non linear seismic analysis.
1) High rise buildings are becoming more common due to scarcity of land and demand for space. They are defined differently but generally refer to buildings over 15 meters tall.
2) Foundations for high rise buildings include shallow foundations like spread footings and mat foundations, and deep foundations like piles. Piles transfer load through end bearing or friction along their length.
3) Structural systems for high rise buildings must resist both gravity and lateral loads. Interior systems include rigid frames and shear walls. Exterior systems such as tube and diagrid systems resist loads along the building perimeter.
One of the most efficient structural systems against heavy wind loads is the bundled tube structural system
The first person to implement the bundled tube structural system was Fazlur Rahman Khan from Dhaka, Bangladesh with the design of the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments in Chicago, Illinois.
Steel in Highrise building : Application Onal Kothari
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is strong, durable, and ductile. It is the most widely used structural material in building construction due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. Steel allows for lighter, more efficient building designs including tall skyscrapers. Modern steel production occurs in over 50 countries worldwide using various furnace processes. Emerging structural systems enable increasingly complex geometries and non-orthogonal high-rise building designs.
A tensile structure is a construction where load bearing capacity is achieved through tension stress in components like cables, fabrics, or foils. Tension structures include boundary tensioned membranes, pneumatic structures, and pre-stressed cable nets and beams. Tensile membrane structures are often used as roofs as they can economically span large distances. Common types include saddle roofs supported by high and low points, mast-supported structures with fabric attached to interior masts, and structures stabilized by cables in tension like suspension bridges. Tensile structures provide benefits like unique designs, natural lighting, low maintenance, and cost efficiency.
High Rise Building Structure Systems Types
Slide Contents :
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO HIGH-RISE DESIGN
DEMANDS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING
MATERIAL
TYPES OF SYSTEMS
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The document discusses various types of tall buildings and earthquake resistant design strategies. It describes bundled tube, framed tube, braced tube, and tube-in-tube structural systems that are used for tall buildings. The document also summarizes the Bhuj earthquake that occurred in Gujarat in 2001 and killed over 19,000 people. It provides steps for seismic design including planning symmetrical buildings, avoiding soft stories, using ductile materials, and providing vertical load paths like shear walls, bracing, and tuned mass dampers.
Tube structures and its type with comparison .Udayram Patil
Hollow tube section always provide greater strength. So the same concept is applied to the building. Tubed system is designed to act like a three dimensional hollow tube structure which result in increased load resistance .
This document provides information about space frames, cable structures, and folded plate structures. It defines a space frame as a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports. Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected along their edges to form a structural system without additional beams. Cable structures derive their strength from tension forces in the cables rather than from bending or compression. Common cable structures include suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and cable-supported roofs.
This document provides information about the core of a high-rise building. It defines a core as a vertical space used for circulation and services like elevators, staircases, and mechanical systems. Cores allow efficient distribution of these services to floors. The document discusses different core types and considerations for placement of mechanical and plumbing systems, as well as toilet access. Elevator types, sizes, and fire safety standards are also outlined.
Diagrid Systems : Future of Tall buildings, Technical Paper by Jagmohan Garg ...Jagmohan Garg
The document discusses the DiaGrid structural system for tall buildings. A DiaGrid system uses a design of triangulated steel beams and horizontal support rings to construct large buildings. It creates a structural system of triangles that provides stability and resistance to lateral loads. Some key benefits of the DiaGrid system include column-free interior spaces, resistance to overturning forces, simpler construction, and better load redistribution compared to braced frame structures. While effective for buildings up to 70 stories, the DiaGrid system involves complicated joint connections.
This document discusses long span building structures. It defines long span as structures with spans larger than 20m that cannot be achieved with ordinary reinforced concrete structures. It lists various loads that act on structural systems including dead, live, wind, and temperature loads. It also lists common materials that can be used for long span structures such as reinforced concrete, steel, timber, and composites. Common structural forms including insitu and precast concrete, steel structures, and portal frames are discussed. Long span structures are classified into form active, vector active, section active, and surface active systems with examples provided. Design considerations for long span beams are also mentioned, noting benefits such as flexible column-free spaces. Long span buildings create large column-
The document provides details on 4 proposed or constructed high-rise buildings - the Namasté Tower in Mumbai, India, the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China, the Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taipei, Taiwan, and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Key information included on each building is the location, architect, details on sustainable design elements and energy efficiency strategies, as well as conceptual descriptions and images.
Prefabrication types and Applications explainedEyad Reda
Explaining prefabrication in construction in a simple way. The contents range from steel framing, Precast concrete, Concrete prefab systems, sandwich paneling, timber framing and Real-life applications for prefabrication.
This document provides information on high-rise buildings. It begins with definitions of high-rise, skyscraper, and supertall buildings based on height. It then discusses the demands and drivers for high-rise construction such as land scarcity and prestige. The document outlines the development of high-rise buildings from early structures made of stone/brick and iron to modern steel and concrete designs. It provides details on structural systems such as tube, shear wall, braced frame, and core structures. Finally, it discusses structural loads, foundation types, construction materials and interior/exterior structural components of high-rise buildings.
Final presentation by Akramul masum from southeast university bangladesh.Integrated Design
This document provides information about a study on the analysis and design of high-rise buildings. It defines what constitutes a high-rise building and explores the various factors driving demand for them. It examines the history of tall buildings and provides a chart showing increases in building heights over time. It also discusses structural systems and loads, including gravity, lateral and special loads. Core functions, parking considerations and case studies of high-rise projects are presented.
21 AR 013 Farhan Ullah High Rise Building And Structural Components.ppt.pptxshamshaider10
This document discusses high rise buildings and their structural components. It defines high rise buildings as between 35-100 meters tall or 12-39 floors. It then discusses the demands for high rise buildings such as scarcity of land and increasing space needs. The development of high rise buildings is covered from early structures made of stone/brick and iron to modern steel and concrete designs. Different structural systems used in high rise buildings are described such as shear walls, braced frames, outrigger braces, core structures and different foundation types. Key structural elements like beams, columns, shear walls and bracing are also defined.
This document discusses different structural systems used for high-rise buildings, including belt truss systems, core truss systems, framed tube structures, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, and diagrid systems. It also covers common construction materials like concrete and steel, different foundation types, and construction methods like slip forming, climb forming, table forming, system column formwork, and vertical panel systems.
The document provides an overview of different structural systems used in high-rise buildings, including framed tube structures, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, trussed tube structures, belt truss systems, and core truss mega structures. It also discusses common construction materials, foundations, and construction methods for high-rises, such as slip forming, climb forming, table forming, system column formwork, vertical panel systems, jump forming, and tunnel forming. The document is a presentation on high rise structural systems presented by Akshay Revekar and Durgesh Pippal from MITS Gwalior.
The document provides an overview of different structural systems used in high-rise buildings, including framed tube structures, belt truss systems, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, and diagrid systems. It also discusses various construction materials, foundations, and construction methods for high-rise buildings such as slip forming, climb forming, jump forming, and tunnel forming. The structural systems allow for wider column spacing to provide large interior spaces while effectively resisting wind and seismic loads.
This slide explains different structural systems used in high rise buildings.what is the true meaning of high rise building ?
aims of high rise? objectives of high rise?
Framed structures are building skeleton frameworks formed by columns and beams. There are two main types: in-situ reinforced concrete frames and prefabricated frames. Rectangular framed structures use columns and beams arranged at right angles to support floors, walls, and roofs. They are commonly used for multi-story buildings like offices, schools, and hospitals. Framed structures provide large open floor plans and are adaptable to different shapes. Earthquake-resistant features in framed structures include shear walls, moment-resisting frames, and braced structures which resist lateral forces during seismic activity.
The document discusses various types of loads that act on buildings including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, and temperature loads. It also describes different structural systems for high-rise buildings that efficiently transfer loads, such as braced frames, shear walls, core and outrigger systems, bundled tubes, and diagrid systems. Basements are discussed as providing additional space in buildings for parking or other functions. Cores integrate essential services like elevators, stairs, and utilities.
Load analysis and structural considerationBee Key Verma
The document discusses various types of loads that act on buildings including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, and temperature loads. It also describes different structural systems for high-rise buildings that efficiently transfer loads, such as braced frames, shear walls, core and outrigger systems, bundled tubes, and diagrid systems. Basements are discussed as providing additional space in buildings for parking or other functions.
Steel structures involve structural steel members designed to carry loads and provide rigidity. They are commonly used in high-rise buildings, industrial buildings, warehouses, and temporary structures due to their strength, light weight, and speed of construction. Advantages include quick construction, flexibility, and ability to take various shapes. Disadvantages are reduced strength at high temperatures and susceptibility to corrosion. Common structural steel frames include beam and column construction, trusses, space frames, shear wall frames, framed tube structures, and braced frames. Design must consider both gravity loads like dead and live loads, as well as lateral loads from wind and earthquakes.
While Designing a High rise Load & Structural Analysis is major factor to consider. Here we analyzed some data and try to describe briefly. We hope that it will help you lot :) Done by Neeti Lamic, Bayezid, Sykot Hasan
Shear walls are vertical structural elements designed to resist lateral forces like winds and earthquakes. They work by transferring shear forces throughout their height and resisting uplift forces. Properly designed and constructed shear wall buildings are very stable and ductile, providing warnings before collapse during severe earthquakes. Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, and steel plate shear walls. Shear walls are an effective and efficient way to resist lateral loads in seismic regions.
This document discusses the demand for and development of high-rise buildings. It defines high-rises as buildings between 35-100 meters tall or having 12-39 floors. Over time, demand has increased due to factors like scarcity of land and technological advances enabling taller structures. Structural systems have also evolved from bearing walls to more sophisticated exterior tube and outrigger designs that allow for greater heights. The core, composed of elevators and other services, plays an important role in resisting lateral wind loads. Modern skyscrapers often use tube systems that move columns to the perimeter, creating a hollow rigid structure.
- Shear walls are used in rigid frame construction to provide lateral rigidity. They resist both horizontal and vertical loads through the entire material of the wall.
- Shear walls are composed of braced panels or shear panels to counter lateral loads from wind and earthquakes. For tall skyscrapers, the size of the supporting walls increases with the size of the structure.
- Tubular structures provide lateral resistance through very stiff moment-resistant frames that form a perimeter tube around the building. This system allows for gravity loads to be shared between the tube and interior columns.
This document provides information on high rise building construction. It defines what constitutes a high rise building according to different standards which range from 12-100 meters tall. It discusses the different types of foundations that can be used for high rise buildings including shallow foundations like spread and raft foundations, and deep foundations like piles. It also describes different structural systems for high rise buildings such as interior systems like shear walls and outrigger structures, and exterior systems like tube and diagrid systems. Finally, it discusses various construction methods for high rise buildings including slip form, jump form, and climbing formwork.
This document provides an overview of concrete and masonry construction for architecture students. It discusses the basic components and properties of concrete, including aggregates, paste, and the hydration process. It also examines the advantages and disadvantages of concrete. Additionally, it outlines different types of building foundations including shallow foundations like spread footings, strip footings, mat foundations, and grillage foundations. It also discusses deep foundations such as pile foundations and pier foundations. The document concludes by examining different types of concrete floor and roof structures as well as masonry walls, bonds, and lintels.
1) Shear walls are vertical elements that carry lateral loads like wind and seismic forces from the building down to the foundation, forming a box structure for support.
2) Shear walls should be placed on all levels of the building, including the basement, and symmetrically on all four exterior walls to form an effective structure. Interior walls can add strength when exterior walls are not sufficient.
3) Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, steel plate, and hollow concrete block masonry walls. Proper design and ductility improve shear wall performance during seismic events.
In human communication, explanations serve to increase understanding, overcome communication barriers, and build trust. They are, in most cases, dialogues. In computer science, AI explanations (“XAI”) map how an AI system expresses underlying logic, algorithmic processing, and data sources that make up its outputs. One-way communication.
How do we craft designs that "explain" concepts and respond to users’ intent? Can AI identify, elicit and apply relevant user contexts, to help us understand AI outputs? How do explanations become two-way?
We must create experiences with systems that will be required to respect user needs and dynamically explain logic and seek understanding. This is a significant challenge that, at its heart, needs UX leadership. The safety, trust, and understandability of systems we design hinge on the way we craft models for explanation.
My Fashion PPT is my presentation on fashion and TrendssMedhaRana1
This Presentation is in one way a guide to master the classic trends and become a timeless beauty. This will help the beginners who are out with the motto to excel and become a Pro Fashionista, this Presentation will provide them with easy but really useful ten ways to master the art of styles. Hope This Helps.
World trade center in kerala proposal- AR. DEEKSHITH MAROLI 724519251008 REPORTdeekshithmaroli666
World trade center live proposal in kerala.
Future of our nation is looking towards kerala..?
Yes, because the biggest sludge less port is going to open in kerala soon and also about the hidden massing growth of tourism, it , business sector
Value based approach to heritae conservation -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text defines the role, importance and relevance of value based approach in identification, preservation and conservation of heritage to make it more productive and community centric.
Design Thinking is a problem-solving framework that emphasizes a user-centered approach to innovation and design. It involves understanding user needs, challenging assumptions, redefining problems, and creating innovative solutions through iterative testing and refinement. The process is typically divided into five stages:
Empathize: Understand the users and their needs through observation, interviews, and user research. This stage focuses on gaining a deep insight into the user's experiences and emotions.
Define: Clearly articulate the problem or challenge based on the insights gathered during the empathize stage. This involves synthesizing the information to define the core issues that need to be addressed.
Ideate: Generate a wide range of creative ideas and potential solutions. This stage encourages brainstorming and thinking outside the box to explore different possibilities.
Prototype: Create tangible representations of selected ideas. Prototypes can be simple sketches, models, or interactive simulations that allow designers to explore and test their concepts.
Test: Evaluate the prototypes with real users to gather feedback and insights. This stage involves refining and improving the solutions based on user interactions and responses.
Design Thinking is iterative, meaning that the stages are revisited as needed to refine the solution. It promotes collaboration, creativity, and a deep understanding of the user, leading to more effective and innovative outcomes. This approach is widely used in various fields, including product design, service design, business strategy, and social innovation.
UI (User Interface) and UX (User Experience) design are critical components of creating effective, user-friendly digital products.
UI Design focuses on the visual aspects of a product. It involves designing the layout, buttons, icons, and other interactive elements that users interact with. A good UI design ensures that the product is visually appealing, consistent, and intuitive, making it easy for users to navigate and complete their tasks.
UX Design, on the other hand, is about the overall experience a user has with a product. It encompasses the entire user journey, from the initial discovery of the product to its continued use. UX designers conduct user research, create user personas, and develop wireframes and prototypes to ensure that the product meets the users' needs effectively. A strong UX design makes the product accessible, enjoyable, and valuable to the user.
Together, UI and UX design aim to create products that are not only functional and easy to use but also delightful and engaging. While UI design is concerned with the product’s aesthetics and interactive components, UX design focuses on the user’s overall journey and satisfaction. Combining both fields leads to a cohesive, effective, and user-centered product design.
UI/UX design is an essential discipline in the digital world, focusing on creating user-friendly and visually app
2. INTRODUCTION TO HIGH RISE BUILDING
"A MULTI-STORY STRUCTURE BETWEEN 35–100 METERS TALL, OR A
BUILDING OF UNKNOWN HEIGHT FROM 12–39 FLOORS.“
Buildings higher than 100m is termed as skyscraper.
Buildings 300m or higher is termed as super tall and buildings 600m or
taller is termed as mega-tall.
3. DEMANDS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING
•SCARCITY OF LAND IN URBAN AREAS.
•INCREASING DEMANDS OF RESIDENTIAL AND BUSSSINESS SPACE.
•ECONOMIC GROWTH.
•TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS.
•INNOVATIONS IN STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS.
•DESIRE FOR AESTHETICS IN URBAN SETTINGS.
•CONCEPT OF CITY SKYLINE.
•CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE AND PRESTIGE.
•HUMAN ASPIRATION TO BUILD HIGHER.
4. DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH RISE BUILLDINGS
EARLY TIME
The exterior walls of these buildings
consisted of stone or brick, although
sometimes cast iron was added for
decorative purposes.
The columns were constructed of
cast iron, often unprotected.
• Steel and wrought iron was used for
• the beams.
• The floors were made of wood.
5. SECOND GENERATION
•The second generation of tall buildings, includes the :
1. Metropolitan Life Building (1909),
2. The Woolworth Building (1913),
3. The Empire State Building (1931).
•These all are frame structures, in which a skeleton of welded- or riveted-steel
columns and beams.
•These all are often encased in concrete, runs through the entire building.
•This type of construction makes for an extremely strong structure, but not such
attractive floor space. The interiors are full of heavy, load-bearing columns and walls.
7. Buildings constructed from after World War II
until today make up the most recent generation
of high-rise buildings.
Within this generation there are those of
steel-framed construction( core construction
and tube construction ), reinforced concrete
construction(shear wall), and steel-framed
reinforced concrete construction .
Hybrid systems also evolved during this time.
These systems make use more than one type
of structural system in a building.
THIRD GENERATION
8. 30 St Mary Axe, also known as Swiss
Re Building (London, UK, 41
stories, 181 m)
Material /Configuration :
STEEL
• Steel framed tube type
structural system
• Triangular steel frame
generates the tube
• Beams are supported by
diagonal steel member
• Requires less steel then
conventional steel frame
Triangular grids are exposed in façade
Triangular steel frame
13. • A type of rigid frame construction.
• The shear wall is in steel or concrete to provide
greater lateral rigidity. It is a wall where the entire
material of the wall is employed in the resistance of
both horizontal and vertical loads.
• Is composed of braced panels (or shear panels) to
counter the
effects of lateral load acting on a structure. Wind &
earthquake loads are the most common among
the loads.
• For skyscrapers, as the size of the structure
increases, so
does the size of the supporting wall. Shear walls
tend to be used only
in conjunction with other support systems.
SHEAR WALL SYSTEM
20. Seismic
Load:
• Buildings undergoes
dynamic motion
during earthquake.
• Building is subjected
to inertia forces that
act in opposite
direction to the
acceleration of
earthquake
excitations.
• These inertia forces,
called seismic loads,
are usually dealt with
by assuming forces
external to the
building.
21. CONCRETE:- cellular concrete of clay-gypsum and
invention of light weight concrete.
FERRO CONCRETE:-it is layer of fine mesh saturated
with cement.
GUNITE:- it is also known as shot .
Shot Crete is frequently used against vertical soil or
rock surfaces, as it eliminates the need for formwork.
GLASS:- float glass with double glass is used in tall
buildings .
Tempered glass is used in tall buildings instead of
plain glass, as that would shatter at such height.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Materials used for high rise buildings: concrete, steel, glass, cladding material,
high alumina cement used for roofs & floors. It contains bauxite instead of clay,
cement, Portland cement of lime stone, silica.
22. ADVANTAGES
Plasticity
Easily availability
Easy in casting
Non corrosive
Can be cast in situ
DISADVANTAGES
Cost of form
Dead weight
Difficulty in pouring
23. • Raft foundation: one of the most common foundation. It is known for its load
distributing capability. With the usage of this type of foundation the enormous load
of the building gets distributed & helps the building stay upright and sturdy. Loads
are transferred by raft into the ground.
• Pile foundation: used for high rise construction. load
of building is distributed to the ground with the help
of piles. Transfer the loads into the ground with an
Adequate factor of safety.
• Combined raft-pile: is the hybrid of 2 foundation. It
Consists of both the pile and raft foundation. Useful
in marshy sandy soil that has low bearing capacity.
FOUNDATION TYPES
26. LOAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM :
All type of loads can be considered
as_
•Vertical load &
•Lateral load
Vertical loads transfer
through_
•Bearing wall
•Column
•Core
•Diagonal frame
Lateral loads transfer through_
• Shear wall
• Slab Core
• Beam Core/Column
• Diagonal Frame
27. Structural member:
Beam :
Beam is a rigid structural member designed to
carry and transfer loads across spaces to
supporting elements.
Column :
A rigid relativity slender structural member
designed primarily to support axial
compressive loads applied at the member
ends.
In high rise buildings it can be use as mega
column, concrete filled tubular(CFT) etc.
Shear wall:
A vertical diaphragm or wall acting as a
thin, deep cantilever beam in loads to the
ground foundation.
Bracing :
It is a structural element for positioning,
supporting, strengthening or restraining
the member of a structural frame.
28. Core :
Core is one of the most important structural and
functional elements of the high rise building.
The core of a building is the area reserved for elevators’
stairs, mechanical equipment and the vertical shafts that
are necessary for ducts, pipes and wires.
Its wall are also the most common location for the vertical
wind bracing.
The placement of the service core stems from four generic
types which are :
- Central core
- Split core
- End core
- Atrium core
Central core End core Atrium coresplit core
29. INTERIOR STRUCTURE
1. Rigid Frames:
860 & 880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments (Chicago,
USA, 26 stories, 82 m)
• The moment-resisting frame
(MRF) consists of horizontal
(girder) and vertical (column)
members rigidly connected
together in a planar grid form.
• The size of the columns is mainly
controlled by the gravity loads.
• The size of the girders, on the
other hand, is controlled by
stiffness of the frame in order to
ensure acceptable lateral sway of
the building.
The two basic types of lateral load-
resisting systems in the category of
interior structures are the
moment-resisting frames and
shear trusses/shear walls.
30. SHEAR WALL HINGED FRAME
• Reinforced concrete planar solid or
coupled shear walls have been used for
high-rise construction to resist lateral forces
caused by wind and earthquakes.
• Treated as vertical cantilevers fixed at
the base.
• When two or more shear walls in the same
plane are interconnected by beams or
slabs the total stiffness of the system
exceeds the sum of the individual wall
stiffness. Hinged frames are used for this
interconnection.
• The connecting beam forces the walls to act
as a single unit by restraining their
individual cantilever actions. These are
known as coupled shear walls.
31. EXTERIOR STRUCTURE
1. Tube system
• Concept is based on the idea that a
building can be designed to resist
lateral loads by designing it as a
hollow cantilever perpendicular to
the ground.
• In the simplest incarnation of the
tube, the perimeter of the exterior
consists of closely spaced
columns that are tied together
with deep spandrel beams
through moment connections.
• This assembly of columns and
beams forms a rigid frame that
amounts to a dense and strong
structural wall along the exterior
of the building.
The different tubular systems are-
Framed tube
Braced tube
Bundled tube
Tube in tube
32. FRAMED TUBE
• In a framed tube system, which is the basic tubular form, the building has closely spaced
columns and deep spandrel beams rigidly connected together throughout the exterior
frames.
• Exterior column spacing should be from 5 to 15ft (1.5 to 4.5m) on centers. Practical spandrel
beam depths should vary from 24 to 48in (600 to 1200mm)
• The axial forces in the corner columns are the greatest and the distribution is non-linear for both
the web frame (i.e., frame parallel to wind), and the flange frame (i.e., frame perpendicular to
wind).
33. • This is because the axial forces in the columns toward the middle of the
flange frames lag behind those near the corner due to the nature of a framed
tube which is different from a solid-wall tube. This phenomenon is known as
shear lag.
34. • The purpose is to limit the shear lag effect and aim for more cantilever-
type behavior of the structure.
• A reasonable and practical limits can be a cantilever deflection of 50 to 80
percent of the total lateral sway of the building.
The framed tube becomes progressively inefficient over 60 stories since the
web frames begin to behave as conventional rigid frames. Consequently,
beam and column designs are controlled by bending action, resulting in
large size. In addition, the cantilever behavior of the structure is thus
undermined and the shear lag effect is aggravated.
35. BRACED TUBE
• A braced tube overcomes this problem by stiffening the perimeter
frames in their own planes.
• This concept stems from the fact that instead of using closely spaced
perimeter columns, it is possible to stiffen the widely spaced columns
by diagonal braces to create wall-like characteristics.
• The braces also collect gravity loads from floors and act as inclined
columns.
• The diagonals of a trussed tube connected to columns at each joint
effectively eliminate the effects of shear lag throughout the tubular
framework.
• Therefore, the columns can be more widely spaced and the sizes of
spandrels and columns can be smaller than those needed for framed
tubes, allowing for larger window openings than in the framed tubes
(Khan, 1967).
36. John Hancock Center (Chicago, USA, 100 stories
344 m)
Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merril
Braced
frame
Braced Frame material
/configuration : STEEL
37. Onterie Center (Chicago, 58 stories,
174 m)
Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merril
Braced frame
Braced Frame material
/configuration : CONCRETE
38. BUNDLED TUBE
• A bundled tube is a cluster of
individual tubes connected
together to act as a single unit.
• For such a structure, the three-
dimensional response of the
structure could be improved for
strength and stiffness by providing
cross walls or cross frames in the
building.
• Also allowed for wider column
spacing in the tubular walls, which
made it possible to place interior
frame lines without seriously
compromising interior space
planning of the building.
• It is possible to add diagonals to
them to increase the efficient
height limit.
39. Sears Tower (Chicago, USA, 108 stories, 442 m)
Material /Configuration : STEEL
Section A-A Section B-B
Section C-C
Two
additional
tube omitted
Section D-D
• 9 steel framed tubes are bundled
at the base.
• Some of which are terminated at
various levels with two tubes
continuing between the 90th
floor and the roof.
40. Carnegie Hall Tower (New York, USA, 62 stories, 230.7 m)
Material /Configuration : CONCRETE
Bundle
Tubes
41. TUBE IN TUBE
• The stiffness of a framed tube can also be
enhanced by using the core to resist part
of the lateral load resulting in a tube-in-
tube system.
• The floor diaphragm connecting the
core and the outer tube transfer the
lateral loads to both systems.
• The core itself could be made up of a solid
tube, a braced tube, or a framed tube.
Such a system is called a tube-in-tube.
• It is also possible to introduce more than
one tube inside the perimeter tube.
• The inner tube in a tube-in-tube structure
can act as a second line of defense against
a malevolent attack with airplanes or
missiles.
42. Millennium Tower
Architect: Norman Foster
• The exterior columns & beams are spaced
so closely that the façade has the
appearance of a wall with perforated
window opening.
• The entire building acts as a hollow tube
cantilevering out of the ground.
• The interior core increases the stiffness of
the building by sharing the loads with
the façade tube.
Inner Tube
(Core)
Outer Tube
43. 2. DIAGRID SYSTEM
• With their structural efficiency as a varied version of the tubular
systems.
• For diagrid structures, almost all the conventional vertical columns are
eliminated.
• This is possible because the diagonal members in diagrid structural
systems can carry gravity loads as well as lateral forces due to their
triangulated configuration in a distributive and uniform manner.
• Efficiently resists lateral shear by axial forces in the diagonal members
but have Complicated joints.
44. Space truss structures are modified
braced tubes with diagonals
connecting the exterior to interior.
In a typical braced tube structure, all
the diagonals, which connect
vertical corner columns in general,
are located on the plane parallel to
the facades.
However, in space trusses, some
diagonals penetrate the
interior of the building.
3. SPACE TRUSS STRUCTURE
45. 4. SUPERFRAMES
• A super frame is composed of mega columns comprising braced
frames of large dimensions at building corners, linked by
multistory trusses at about every 15 to 20 stories.
• The concept of super frame can be used in various ways for tall buildings,
such as the 56-story tall Parque Central Complex Towers of 1979 in
Caracas, Venezuela and the 168-story tall Chicago World Trade Center
proposed by Fazlur Khan in 1982 (Ali, 2001; Iyengar, 1986).
Parque Central
Complex Towers
Chicago World
Trade Center
46. 5. EXO-SKELETON
• In exoskeleton structures, lateral load-resisting systems are placed
outside the building lines away from their facades. Examples include
Hotel de las Artes in Barcelona.
• Due to the system’s compositional characteristics, it acts as a primary
building identifier – one of the major roles of building facades in
general cases.
• Fire proofing of the system is not a serious issue due to its location
outside the building line.
• However, thermal expansion/contraction of the system, exposed to the
ever-changing outdoor weather, and the systemic thermal bridges
should be carefully considered during design.
雅虎竞拍
煤炉代买
paypay商城
乐天二手
日本亚马逊
乐天新品
ZOZOTOWN
