This document provides information on gypsum board (drywall), including:
1. Gypsum is a mineral used to make gypsum board, which consists of a gypsum core bonded between paper facings.
2. Gypsum board has several advantages such as ease of installation, fire resistance, sound isolation, durability and economy.
3. There are different types of gypsum board for various applications, like regular board for walls/ceilings, fire-resistant Type X board, and moisture-resistant board for tiling.
Gypsum board, also known as drywall or plasterboard, is a building material made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls, ceilings, and partitions. Gypsum board provides a smooth, monolithic surface that can be decorated. To produce it, calcined gypsum is mixed with water and additives to form a slurry between the paper layers. As it dries, the gypsum recrystallizes and bonds to the paper. A false ceiling, or dropped ceiling, is a secondary ceiling hung below the main structural ceiling, creating a space to hide wiring and ductwork while allowing access. Exposed grid ceilings have visible grid systems into which panels
Walls can be finished with various materials like paint, wallpaper, cladding, and panelling. Paint preparation involves ensuring the wall is cured, applying putty and primer before painting. Wallpapers are available in various materials like vinyl, fabric, wood chip and have advantages like decorating options but need regular maintenance. Cladding materials include wood, concrete, brick, stone, glass, tiles, boards and metal which are installed on walls for decorative and protective purposes. Panelling involves covering walls with materials like wood, MDF or laminates for insulation and decorative purposes.
Gypsum products like gypsum board, suspended ceilings, gypsum plaster, and accessories were discussed. Gypsum board is a common interior finish made of gypsum plaster pressed between paper sheets. It is used for interior walls and ceilings. Suspended ceilings made of gypsum board panels provide benefits like insulation, aesthetics, and acoustics. Gypsum plaster, also called plaster of paris, is used for wall finishes and has advantages over traditional cement plaster like lighter weight, faster application without curing, and a smooth finish.
WALL FINISHES - MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONSSoumya Sharma
This document discusses various types of wall finishing systems. It describes 13 different types of wall finishes including wahoo walls, wood wainscoting, OSB, textured paints, wallpapers, wood paneling, veneer plaster, leather panels, tile wainscoting, stone veneer, mosaic tiling, stainless steel panels, and laminate sheets. Each type is briefly described in terms of materials used, applications, and availability. The document provides an overview of common wall finishing options for both interior and exterior applications.
This document discusses asbestos products and temporary construction. It describes the six main types of asbestos - chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. It details their properties and common uses in products like insulation, cement, and roofing materials. The manufacturing process of asbestos cement products is also summarized, involving mixing asbestos fibers with cement and water to form sheets through a wet process. Temporary construction techniques like shoring, raking, flying, and needle are also briefly mentioned.
Glass partition walls can be constructed of either glass sheets or hollow glass blocks. Glass sheet partitions use a wooden frame with glass sheets fixed into panels divided by vertical and horizontal posts. Hollow glass blocks are translucent units available in different sizes, shapes, and thicknesses that are laid with mortar. Glass partition walls provide architectural effect while being soundproof, fireproof, and heatproof. Steel partition walls can be single or double-skinned and are used to create enclosed work areas in offices and industrial environments.
Wall finishes provide decorative coverings for walls that conceal structural elements and enhance the interior or exterior appearance of a building. They come in various materials like wood, stone, tiles, gypsum boards and more. Good wall finishes are durable, straight, and can take paints or wallpaper easily. The type of wall finish used depends on factors like the rooms' functions and resistance to damage from water or fire.
This document provides an overview of various interior materials and surfaces used in construction. It discusses natural materials like stone, wood, glass and metals as well as synthetic materials like plastics, fabrics and composites. For wood, it describes different types like hardwood, softwood and wood products. It elaborates on properties and applications of materials like plywood, particle board, laminates, melamine coated wood and cork. The document also discusses characteristics and uses of different metals like iron, steel, aluminum, copper and zinc. It provides details on glass types including float glass, laminated glass, toughened glass and stained glass. Lastly, it touches upon stone materials like granite, marble, slate and limestone.
Gypsum board, also known as drywall or plasterboard, is a building material made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls, ceilings, and partitions. Gypsum board provides a smooth, monolithic surface that can be decorated. To produce it, calcined gypsum is mixed with water and additives to form a slurry between the paper layers. As it dries, the gypsum recrystallizes and bonds to the paper. A false ceiling, or dropped ceiling, is a secondary ceiling hung below the main structural ceiling, creating a space to hide wiring and ductwork while allowing access. Exposed grid ceilings have visible grid systems into which panels
Walls can be finished with various materials like paint, wallpaper, cladding, and panelling. Paint preparation involves ensuring the wall is cured, applying putty and primer before painting. Wallpapers are available in various materials like vinyl, fabric, wood chip and have advantages like decorating options but need regular maintenance. Cladding materials include wood, concrete, brick, stone, glass, tiles, boards and metal which are installed on walls for decorative and protective purposes. Panelling involves covering walls with materials like wood, MDF or laminates for insulation and decorative purposes.
Gypsum products like gypsum board, suspended ceilings, gypsum plaster, and accessories were discussed. Gypsum board is a common interior finish made of gypsum plaster pressed between paper sheets. It is used for interior walls and ceilings. Suspended ceilings made of gypsum board panels provide benefits like insulation, aesthetics, and acoustics. Gypsum plaster, also called plaster of paris, is used for wall finishes and has advantages over traditional cement plaster like lighter weight, faster application without curing, and a smooth finish.
WALL FINISHES - MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONSSoumya Sharma
This document discusses various types of wall finishing systems. It describes 13 different types of wall finishes including wahoo walls, wood wainscoting, OSB, textured paints, wallpapers, wood paneling, veneer plaster, leather panels, tile wainscoting, stone veneer, mosaic tiling, stainless steel panels, and laminate sheets. Each type is briefly described in terms of materials used, applications, and availability. The document provides an overview of common wall finishing options for both interior and exterior applications.
This document discusses asbestos products and temporary construction. It describes the six main types of asbestos - chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite. It details their properties and common uses in products like insulation, cement, and roofing materials. The manufacturing process of asbestos cement products is also summarized, involving mixing asbestos fibers with cement and water to form sheets through a wet process. Temporary construction techniques like shoring, raking, flying, and needle are also briefly mentioned.
Glass partition walls can be constructed of either glass sheets or hollow glass blocks. Glass sheet partitions use a wooden frame with glass sheets fixed into panels divided by vertical and horizontal posts. Hollow glass blocks are translucent units available in different sizes, shapes, and thicknesses that are laid with mortar. Glass partition walls provide architectural effect while being soundproof, fireproof, and heatproof. Steel partition walls can be single or double-skinned and are used to create enclosed work areas in offices and industrial environments.
Wall finishes provide decorative coverings for walls that conceal structural elements and enhance the interior or exterior appearance of a building. They come in various materials like wood, stone, tiles, gypsum boards and more. Good wall finishes are durable, straight, and can take paints or wallpaper easily. The type of wall finish used depends on factors like the rooms' functions and resistance to damage from water or fire.
This document provides an overview of various interior materials and surfaces used in construction. It discusses natural materials like stone, wood, glass and metals as well as synthetic materials like plastics, fabrics and composites. For wood, it describes different types like hardwood, softwood and wood products. It elaborates on properties and applications of materials like plywood, particle board, laminates, melamine coated wood and cork. The document also discusses characteristics and uses of different metals like iron, steel, aluminum, copper and zinc. It provides details on glass types including float glass, laminated glass, toughened glass and stained glass. Lastly, it touches upon stone materials like granite, marble, slate and limestone.
Gypsum is a mineral that is processed and used to make gypsum board (drywall). Gypsum board has several advantages such as ease of installation, fire resistance, sound isolation, durability and economy. It is available in various thicknesses for different applications. Regular gypsum board is used for walls and ceilings. Multi-ply systems use two or more layers of gypsum board to increase fire resistance and soundproofing. Gypsum board installation requires basic tools and is applied either directly to framing or with furring strips to surfaces like masonry.
The document compares the properties of steel, aluminum, and PVC for doors and windows. Aluminum is lighter than steel but more difficult to weld. It is highly corrosion resistant and does not require painting. Aluminum doors and windows are made from extruded aluminum sections with channels and grooves for glazing. Different types of aluminum doors are described, including sliding doors, lift and slide doors, and casement doors. Aluminum windows come in fixed, sliding, stacking, and casement styles.
The document discusses wooden partitions and paneling. It describes partitions as interior walls that divide space and lists common types like timber stud, metal stud, and drywall partitions. Partitions are classified based on materials and can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Paneling is defined as rigid wall coverings made of interlocking wood or other materials. Details are provided on stud partitions, trussed partitions, and joinery details for staggered timber partitions. Various paneling materials are also listed along with assignments to detail joinery and draft partition and paneling drawings.
The document provides information on various external finish materials, including glass, stucco, fibre cement, timber and wood products, and slate. It discusses the properties and applications of each material. Glass is highlighted for its transparency, aesthetics, and functional uses such as doors, windows, and partitions. Stucco is described as a composite building material used for decorative wall coating. Fiber cement is a composite material made of sand, cement and cellulose fibers used for siding. Various wood types and products are outlined, including their properties, common applications, and advantages for construction. Slate is discussed as a roofing material known for its durability and low maintenance.
This document discusses various types of walls and wall openings. It describes building walls, boundary walls, retaining walls, and partition walls. It explains the functions of walls including aesthetics, flexibility, enclosure, light qualities, durability, acoustics, and thermal properties. The document also covers different types of wall coverings such as wood, mirrors, exposed brick, tiles, plaster, gypsum wallboard, mosaic, glass, and paints. It provides details on the characteristics and uses of each type of wall covering.
Before hiring cladding manufacturers for cladding services you must know whats the best option suitable to your needs. Here are some attributes of cladding material for you to make an informed decision.
This document discusses veneers and laminates. It defines veneer as a thin decorative wood covering that can be applied to other materials. Veneers are produced through slicing and peeling logs before being graded, joined, and pressed onto sheet materials. Laminates are manufactured by bonding layers of paper soaked in resin under heat and pressure. The document outlines the different types, properties, uses, and manufacturing processes of veneers and laminates.
This document summarizes the use of gypsum board for interior finishes. It discusses that gypsum board consists of a noncombustible gypsum core with paper facing. Gypsum board is used for partitions, walls, ceilings and floors due to its ease of installation, fire resistance, sound isolation, durability and versatility. It describes the different types of gypsum board including standard, channel, and ceiling boards. The document outlines the tools used to cut, shape and install gypsum board and the procedures for application.
This presentation gives complete detail about the production, construction and applications with examples of different types of glass and polymers used in buildings
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
Ananya Bajpai presented on major projects for her group. The group members are Ananya Bajpai, Samriddhi, Damini Singh, and Tuba Siddiquie. Their project site is located at A1A Block in Janakpuri West, Delhi. Ananya discussed false ceilings, including that they are secondary ceilings hung below the main ceiling. False ceilings are made from materials like POP, gypsum, and wood. False ceilings provide aesthetic, insulation, and acoustic benefits. POP false ceilings were explained in more detail, including how they are made from plaster of Paris, their installation process, pros and cons. Tools used for false ceiling installation were also listed
This document discusses various wall finishes and patterns. It describes different types of finishes like cement textured, plastered, wood panels, and plywood that can be used on walls. It also discusses plaster finishes like plaster of Paris and gypsum plaster. Other finishes mentioned include laminate, marble powder, wallpapers, fabrics, and cork. The document also covers decorative paint techniques like transparent layers, trompe l'oeil, stenciling, and distressing. Finally, it summarizes mosaics, murals, graffiti style murals, and tile murals as wall covering options.
Drywall, also known as plasterboard or wallboard, is a building material made of gypsum plaster pressed between thick paper sheets. It is used to make interior walls and ceilings and provides a cost-effective fire-resistant system that is lightweight, accommodates services like wiring, and allows for sound insulation. The document includes specifications for drywall materials, framing components, installation instructions, sizing requirements, and quality checks to ensure proper installation.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
This document discusses various types of flooring and wall cladding materials used in construction. It provides information on exterior and interior insulation finishing systems, roofing materials, waterproofing treatments, damp proofing, and terminite proofing. It also describes different stone flooring options like Shahabad stone, Kota stone, and marble stone flooring. Additional flooring materials discussed include chequered tiles, glazed tiles, block paving, terrazzo tiles, and various types of floor finishes.
Interior finishes include materials used on floors, walls, and ceilings that provide aesthetic qualities and protection. Finishes influence the look and feel of a space and include options like gypsum wallboard, wood flooring, carpet, ceiling tiles, and trim. Proper specification of materials and workmanship is important to achieve the desired quality.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes factors to consider in door selection like strength, durability, and cost. It also outlines standard door dimensions and technical terms. The main types of doors covered include paneled doors, glazed doors, flush solid core doors, and specialized doors like swinging, sliding, folding, and fly-proof doors. Door materials include timber, plywood, glass, metal, and concrete. The document provides details on door frames, movement types, and optimal door locations within a building.
The document discusses different types of building cladding materials and systems. It describes cladding as the exterior skin of a building that provides protection from weather elements while serving decorative purposes. Some key types of cladding mentioned include curtain wall systems, attached panels, and infill systems. The document also discusses various cladding materials used for interior and exterior applications such as timber, stone, brick, and metal. It provides details on installation methods and advantages of different cladding options.
This document provides instructions for installing sheet wall panelling. It includes a list of required materials and tools, as well as steps for estimating quantities, preparing the wall surface, and fitting the wall panels using either nails or adhesive. Key points covered are checking for a flat surface, attaching horizontal and vertical battens, applying adhesive, and securing panels starting from the center and working outwards. The goal is to provide easy to follow guidance for giving walls a new look using wall panelling.
ANNEX GLOBAL is a construction materials trading company based in Hyderabad, India that was established in 2015. The company imports and sells a wide range of products including gypsum boards, PVC false ceilings, doors, and other building materials. Gypsum board is a type of panel made of a gypsum core and paper facing that is used for interior walls and ceilings. It offers advantages such as ease of installation, fire resistance, sound isolation, durability, economy, and versatility. ANNEX GLOBAL provides high quality gypsum boards in various colors, patterns, and designs to add value to building interiors.
This document discusses gypsum board, which is a panel product used in construction consisting of a gypsum core and paper surfacing. It summarizes the main advantages of using gypsum board, including its ease of installation due to large panel sizes, fire resistance as an interior finish, ability to isolate sound transfer between areas, durability in providing strong walls and ceilings, cost-effectiveness, and versatility in architectural design and decoration options. The document also briefly mentions edge types of gypsum board and is presented by a civil engineering student for a class project.
Gypsum is a mineral that is processed and used to make gypsum board (drywall). Gypsum board has several advantages such as ease of installation, fire resistance, sound isolation, durability and economy. It is available in various thicknesses for different applications. Regular gypsum board is used for walls and ceilings. Multi-ply systems use two or more layers of gypsum board to increase fire resistance and soundproofing. Gypsum board installation requires basic tools and is applied either directly to framing or with furring strips to surfaces like masonry.
The document compares the properties of steel, aluminum, and PVC for doors and windows. Aluminum is lighter than steel but more difficult to weld. It is highly corrosion resistant and does not require painting. Aluminum doors and windows are made from extruded aluminum sections with channels and grooves for glazing. Different types of aluminum doors are described, including sliding doors, lift and slide doors, and casement doors. Aluminum windows come in fixed, sliding, stacking, and casement styles.
The document discusses wooden partitions and paneling. It describes partitions as interior walls that divide space and lists common types like timber stud, metal stud, and drywall partitions. Partitions are classified based on materials and can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Paneling is defined as rigid wall coverings made of interlocking wood or other materials. Details are provided on stud partitions, trussed partitions, and joinery details for staggered timber partitions. Various paneling materials are also listed along with assignments to detail joinery and draft partition and paneling drawings.
The document provides information on various external finish materials, including glass, stucco, fibre cement, timber and wood products, and slate. It discusses the properties and applications of each material. Glass is highlighted for its transparency, aesthetics, and functional uses such as doors, windows, and partitions. Stucco is described as a composite building material used for decorative wall coating. Fiber cement is a composite material made of sand, cement and cellulose fibers used for siding. Various wood types and products are outlined, including their properties, common applications, and advantages for construction. Slate is discussed as a roofing material known for its durability and low maintenance.
This document discusses various types of walls and wall openings. It describes building walls, boundary walls, retaining walls, and partition walls. It explains the functions of walls including aesthetics, flexibility, enclosure, light qualities, durability, acoustics, and thermal properties. The document also covers different types of wall coverings such as wood, mirrors, exposed brick, tiles, plaster, gypsum wallboard, mosaic, glass, and paints. It provides details on the characteristics and uses of each type of wall covering.
Before hiring cladding manufacturers for cladding services you must know whats the best option suitable to your needs. Here are some attributes of cladding material for you to make an informed decision.
This document discusses veneers and laminates. It defines veneer as a thin decorative wood covering that can be applied to other materials. Veneers are produced through slicing and peeling logs before being graded, joined, and pressed onto sheet materials. Laminates are manufactured by bonding layers of paper soaked in resin under heat and pressure. The document outlines the different types, properties, uses, and manufacturing processes of veneers and laminates.
This document summarizes the use of gypsum board for interior finishes. It discusses that gypsum board consists of a noncombustible gypsum core with paper facing. Gypsum board is used for partitions, walls, ceilings and floors due to its ease of installation, fire resistance, sound isolation, durability and versatility. It describes the different types of gypsum board including standard, channel, and ceiling boards. The document outlines the tools used to cut, shape and install gypsum board and the procedures for application.
This presentation gives complete detail about the production, construction and applications with examples of different types of glass and polymers used in buildings
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
Ananya Bajpai presented on major projects for her group. The group members are Ananya Bajpai, Samriddhi, Damini Singh, and Tuba Siddiquie. Their project site is located at A1A Block in Janakpuri West, Delhi. Ananya discussed false ceilings, including that they are secondary ceilings hung below the main ceiling. False ceilings are made from materials like POP, gypsum, and wood. False ceilings provide aesthetic, insulation, and acoustic benefits. POP false ceilings were explained in more detail, including how they are made from plaster of Paris, their installation process, pros and cons. Tools used for false ceiling installation were also listed
This document discusses various wall finishes and patterns. It describes different types of finishes like cement textured, plastered, wood panels, and plywood that can be used on walls. It also discusses plaster finishes like plaster of Paris and gypsum plaster. Other finishes mentioned include laminate, marble powder, wallpapers, fabrics, and cork. The document also covers decorative paint techniques like transparent layers, trompe l'oeil, stenciling, and distressing. Finally, it summarizes mosaics, murals, graffiti style murals, and tile murals as wall covering options.
Drywall, also known as plasterboard or wallboard, is a building material made of gypsum plaster pressed between thick paper sheets. It is used to make interior walls and ceilings and provides a cost-effective fire-resistant system that is lightweight, accommodates services like wiring, and allows for sound insulation. The document includes specifications for drywall materials, framing components, installation instructions, sizing requirements, and quality checks to ensure proper installation.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
This document discusses various types of flooring and wall cladding materials used in construction. It provides information on exterior and interior insulation finishing systems, roofing materials, waterproofing treatments, damp proofing, and terminite proofing. It also describes different stone flooring options like Shahabad stone, Kota stone, and marble stone flooring. Additional flooring materials discussed include chequered tiles, glazed tiles, block paving, terrazzo tiles, and various types of floor finishes.
Interior finishes include materials used on floors, walls, and ceilings that provide aesthetic qualities and protection. Finishes influence the look and feel of a space and include options like gypsum wallboard, wood flooring, carpet, ceiling tiles, and trim. Proper specification of materials and workmanship is important to achieve the desired quality.
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes factors to consider in door selection like strength, durability, and cost. It also outlines standard door dimensions and technical terms. The main types of doors covered include paneled doors, glazed doors, flush solid core doors, and specialized doors like swinging, sliding, folding, and fly-proof doors. Door materials include timber, plywood, glass, metal, and concrete. The document provides details on door frames, movement types, and optimal door locations within a building.
The document discusses different types of building cladding materials and systems. It describes cladding as the exterior skin of a building that provides protection from weather elements while serving decorative purposes. Some key types of cladding mentioned include curtain wall systems, attached panels, and infill systems. The document also discusses various cladding materials used for interior and exterior applications such as timber, stone, brick, and metal. It provides details on installation methods and advantages of different cladding options.
This document provides instructions for installing sheet wall panelling. It includes a list of required materials and tools, as well as steps for estimating quantities, preparing the wall surface, and fitting the wall panels using either nails or adhesive. Key points covered are checking for a flat surface, attaching horizontal and vertical battens, applying adhesive, and securing panels starting from the center and working outwards. The goal is to provide easy to follow guidance for giving walls a new look using wall panelling.
ANNEX GLOBAL is a construction materials trading company based in Hyderabad, India that was established in 2015. The company imports and sells a wide range of products including gypsum boards, PVC false ceilings, doors, and other building materials. Gypsum board is a type of panel made of a gypsum core and paper facing that is used for interior walls and ceilings. It offers advantages such as ease of installation, fire resistance, sound isolation, durability, economy, and versatility. ANNEX GLOBAL provides high quality gypsum boards in various colors, patterns, and designs to add value to building interiors.
This document discusses gypsum board, which is a panel product used in construction consisting of a gypsum core and paper surfacing. It summarizes the main advantages of using gypsum board, including its ease of installation due to large panel sizes, fire resistance as an interior finish, ability to isolate sound transfer between areas, durability in providing strong walls and ceilings, cost-effectiveness, and versatility in architectural design and decoration options. The document also briefly mentions edge types of gypsum board and is presented by a civil engineering student for a class project.
This document discusses eco-friendly building materials and techniques. It defines eco-friendly materials as those that cause minimal harm to the environment compared to alternatives. Specific eco-friendly materials and techniques mentioned include bamboo, recycled materials, and methods that aid energy efficiency or are renewable/biodegradable. The document also provides detailed information about gypsum board, including its manufacturing process, properties, uses in construction and medicine, types, and advantages of dropped ceilings that use gypsum board.
Gypsum boards, made of gypsum plaster pressed between thick paper sheets, are commonly used in construction for interior walls and ceilings. They provide advantages such as being fireproof, easy to install, providing sound isolation, being economical and durable. There are several types of gypsum boards including standard boards used for wall cladding and roofing, channel boards used for bracing wall systems and fixing fittings, and ceiling boards.
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral that is widely used in construction. It is composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) and is formed through sedimentary processes. Gypsum has several uses - it is used to produce plaster of Paris, used in wallboard/drywall for interior walls and ceilings, and used to make decorative plasterwork. Gypsum mining involves excavation, crushing, grinding and calcination to extract the mineral. The calcined gypsum is then used to manufacture various construction materials through processes like board production. Gypsum products provide benefits like ease of installation, fire resistance, soundproofing and moisture resistance.
Gypsum and rubber use in building constructionDeepak Sharma
COMPOSITION OF GYPSUM
Types and source of gypsum
types
Properties of gypsum
Gypsum as BUILDING MATERIAL
RUBBER
It can be classified in two parts:
Types of Rubber :
USES:-
PROPERTIES
GREEN MATERIAL / ECO FRIENDLY MATERIAL
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate that is widely used in construction. It is used to make plaster, drywall, and other building materials. Gypsum board has good fire resistance and sound insulation properties when used in building construction. However, gypsum is less strong and durable than other materials like brick and can absorb dust or flake on surfaces over time.
Fiberglass is a strong yet lightweight material made of glass fibers bound together with a plastic resin. It can be used to make various building products like roofing, doors, windows, insulation, and panels. Fiberglass products provide benefits like strength, corrosion resistance, insulation, and design flexibility at a lower cost than some other materials. They require relatively little maintenance over their long lifespan.
Partition walls are non-load bearing walls that divide rooms or spaces. They provide privacy, occupy less space, and are lighter and cheaper than load-bearing walls. Good partition walls are thin, provide sound and sight privacy, and are made of durable, fire resistant and insulated materials. Common materials for partition walls include brick, hollow blocks, concrete, glass, wood, strawboard, plaster, metal and drywall. Movable and portable partition walls allow spaces to be reconfigured easily.
The document discusses bitumen, asphalt and gypsum. It provides details on:
- Bitumen is a semi-solid hydrocarbon produced from crude oil refining and is used mainly in road construction as the binder in asphalt.
- Asphalt is a mixture of small stones, sand, filler and bitumen used as a road paving material.
- Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate used in construction materials like plasterboard and as a fertilizer.
Gypsum is a mineral found in the earth's crust that is extracted and processed for use in construction. It has been used since ancient times by the Egyptians. Gypsum rock is mined, crushed, ground, and heated to remove water, producing plaster of paris or anhydrous gypsum. Modern uses include gypsum board/drywall, plasters, and prefabricated building materials. Gypsum board is made through a process of mixing calcined gypsum into a slurry between paper layers. Gypsum products have beneficial fire resistance, sound insulation, humidity regulation, and ease of installation properties well-suited for construction applications.
The document discusses various materials used for false ceilings, including gypsum board, plaster of Paris (POP), glass, wood, and acoustic boards. Gypsum board is a popular material due to its ease of installation, fire resistance, sound insulation, and durability. POP ceilings provide a smooth, uniform finish that can be painted. Glass ceilings can create the illusion of height but are heavy and dangerous if broken. Wood ceilings have aesthetic appeal but can be heavy and susceptible to pests. Acoustic boards absorb sound to provide insulation in spaces like auditoriums.
External finishes (FIBRE-CEMENT SIDING )seerat hayat
Fiber cement siding is an exterior building material used to cover the outside of buildings. It is made of sand, cement, and cellulose fibers formed into rigid panels. Fiber cement siding is durable, fire and impact resistant, and requires little maintenance. It is more expensive than vinyl siding but provides better insulation and durability than wood siding. Fiber cement siding comes in various styles and colors and can last over 50 years with proper installation and care.
This document provides information on various types of industrial timber, including veneers, plywood, fibreboards, impregnated boards, compressed boards, block boards, and laminated boards. It describes the manufacturing processes and properties of each type of industrial timber. The key types discussed are used to make furniture, construction materials, and other wood products.
This document provides information on various types of wall finishes used in construction, including plasters, paints, wall claddings, and acoustic finishes. It discusses the characteristics and application of different plaster types such as lime plaster, gypsum plaster, fire resistant plaster, x-ray shielding plaster, acoustic plaster, and heat resistant plaster. It also covers acoustic plaster and its sound absorbing properties. The document aims to educate on best practices for applying finishes like plaster to walls in a way that achieves smooth, durable surfaces.
Veneer, laminate, cement fiber board, and mineral fiber board are common construction and material options. Veneer is thin slices of wood glued to panels, available in raw, paper, or phenolic backed varieties. Laminates are bonded paper layers creating durable, decorative sheets. Cement fiber board uses cement, fibers, and cellulose for durability and moisture resistance. Mineral fiber board uses mineral wool and other materials for strength and noise reduction. Each has advantages for different applications like furniture, walls, or ceilings depending on thickness and properties.
The document provides information about Innova Eco Building System, a company that manufactures structural insulated panels (SIPs) for construction. It discusses the company's history and the development of their magnesium oxide skin panels as an improvement over traditional OSB and cement fiber panels. The document also provides details on their product lines, which include magnesium oxide skin, cement fiber skin, and OSB skin panels. It notes the fire resistance, strength, and other advantages of SIPs construction using these panel types.
This document discusses different types of wall treatments and materials. It begins by defining walls and their purposes in construction. It then discusses various types of wall construction methods and materials like framed walls, mass walls, gypsum wallboard and concrete blocks. Next, it covers factors to consider for wall treatment like durability, aesthetics and function. Finally, it lists and describes common interior wall finishing materials and techniques such as paint, wallpaper, tiles, mirrors and plaster.
Linings are internal coverings used in wall frames. Common lining materials include plasterboard, timber boards, plywood, and fiber cement sheeting. Plasterboard is made of a gypsum core with paper facing and comes in various widths and thicknesses. It is fixed with adhesive and screws or nails and finished with joint tape and compound before painting. Timber boards can be solid or veneered and are typically tongue and groove joined then painted. Proper storage of lining materials allows them to acclimate before installation.
Granite is an igneous rock composed of feldspar, mica, and silica that comes in various colors like gray and red. Medium-grained granite is well-suited for construction while fine-grained granite can be polished but is harder to work. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock consisting of fragments cemented together, and it comes in colors like white, yellow, and brown. Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone that is easy to carve and comes in colors such as white, black, and green.
This document provides an overview of doors, including their components and types. It discusses the frame and shutter, as well as technical terms like head, sill, and horn. Doors are classified based on their arrangement of components, method of construction, operation, and materials. Battened, ledged, framed, and braced doors are described. Other door types covered include glazed, flush, louvered, revolving, sliding, swing, rolling steel shutter, and metal doors. Location considerations and specifications for doors are also mentioned.
The document discusses reinforced cement concrete (RCC), including its history, materials, specifications, and advantages/disadvantages. RCC uses steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to resist tensile, shear, and sometimes compressive stresses. François Coignet is considered a pioneer of RCC, building the first reinforced concrete structure in 1853. Proper proportions and mixing of cement, aggregates like sand and gravel, and water are needed to produce durable concrete. Precast concrete involves casting pieces off-site then transporting them for assembly.
Reinforced concrete columns and beams are important structural elements that carry compressive and bending loads respectively. Columns can be categorized as short or long based on their height-width ratio and as spiral or tied columns based on their shape. Beams are classified based on their supports as simply supported, fixed, continuous, or cantilever beams. The construction of RCC columns and beams involves laying reinforcement, forming the structure, and pouring concrete to create these load-bearing elements.
The document discusses various types of floor finishes that can be used for commercial, residential and industrial settings. It describes different flooring materials like tiles, wood, PVC, marble, granite, glass and natural stones. For each material, it provides details on types, finish, durability, usage, installation process, costs and maintenance requirements. The document also provides specifications and laying procedures for ceramic tiles and stone flooring.
The document discusses specifications and estimations for various types of glass. It provides details on the composition, properties, and applications of glass types including annealed glass, heat-strengthened glass, tempered glass, laminated glass, insulating glass, reflective glass, tinted glass, wired glass, patterned glass, and glass bricks. It also discusses factors to consider for determining the safe thickness of glass, safety issues related to glass structures, and companies involved in glass manufacturing.
The document provides information on various types of floor finishes that can be used for both commercial and residential projects. It discusses tile, wood, PVC, marble, granite, glass, and natural stone flooring options. For each type of flooring, it provides details on the different varieties available, typical durability, usage scenarios, installation process and costs. The document also includes specifications and laying instructions for ceramic tiles and discusses various natural stone options like limestone, sandstone, quartzite, cobblestone, slate and pebblestone.
The document provides specifications for lime mortar and excavation and foundation work. It discusses the properties and types of lime mortar, including non-hydraulic and hydraulic lime mortar. It also outlines the process of excavation, including depth, methods such as open cut and braced excavation, and backfilling. Measurements for excavation work and appropriate equipment for different soil conditions are also specified.
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements like manganese, phosphorus, and silicon. Carbon content in common steel grades ranges from 0.1-1%. These alloying elements determine the properties of different steel types. Steels are classified as low alloy (<10% other elements) or high alloy, and can be further broken down by carbon content. Low carbon steels are commonly used and have good weldability and machinability but require cold working to strengthen. Alloying elements like manganese and phosphorus increase hardness and strength but decrease ductility.
Steel is a versatile material that is commonly used for large scale construction projects due to its strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Steel trusses are a type of structure frequently employed in buildings to provide support for roofs, floors, and other loads. They consist of compression and tension elements arranged in a triangulated pattern, allowing them to efficiently span long distances with minimal material. Common types of steel truss designs include Pratt, Warren, and Fink configurations. Truss members are often made of angles, channels, tubes, or other standard steel sections joined together with bolted or welded connections.
Masonry is the building of structures from units like brick and stone laid together with mortar. There are several types of masonry walls including load-bearing walls that support structural loads, non-load bearing walls that only support themselves, and cavity walls that have two wythes separated by an airspace for insulation and drainage. Masonry construction can also use different bonding patterns, reinforcement, and materials like concrete blocks, stone, or brick veneers to provide durability and strength.
Concrete and concrete blocks are materials commonly used for retaining walls. Concrete is composed of aggregate bonded with cement that hardens over time. Concrete blocks come in solid, hollow, and interlocking forms and can be lightweight, medium, or normal weight depending on their aggregate mix. Retaining walls made of concrete blocks are laid with mortar between each block to retain soil behind the wall. The base of the retaining wall is thickest to withstand pressure, while the top is thinner, and reinforcement is often added along the outer surfaces to support heavy loads exerted on the wall.
Ceramics can be classified into several categories based on their composition and properties. They include whitewares used for crockery, tiles, and sanitary products; refractories used in furnaces due to their high temperature resistance; glasses used for windows, containers, and fibers; and cements used to make concrete. Ceramics have properties like extreme hardness, corrosion and heat resistance, low electrical and thermal conductivity, and high strength at elevated temperatures. However, they also have low ductility and toughness making them brittle. The industrial processing of ceramics involves steps like drying and high temperature firing to form glass between silicon dioxide particles. Common ceramic products discussed are tiles, technical ceramics, and glass
This document provides specifications for reinforced cement concrete work. It discusses formwork, reinforcement, and concreting requirements. Formwork must be made of seasoned wood boards at least 30mm thick. Reinforcement bars must meet specifications and be free of rust and contaminants. Concrete proportions and mixing are also specified, with cement to sand to aggregate ratios provided for different mixes. Proper curing and finishing of concrete surfaces is emphasized.
The document discusses foundations, which are the part of a structure below ground level that transmits the load of the superstructure to the soil. It also discusses concrete mixes like M25 grade concrete, which has a specified 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm2. Finally, it provides specifications for excavation of foundations, removal of water from foundations, damp proof course installation, and precautions for designing foundations.
The document discusses different types of paints used for interior and exterior surfaces. It describes the key ingredients in paint like pigments, binders, liquids, and additives. It also outlines different types of surface finishes like white wash, color wash, distemper, cement paint etc. The preparation of surfaces prior to painting and application methods for different paint types are explained. Water based and oil based paints are compared in terms of their advantages.
The document discusses polyvinyl chloride (PVC), including its manufacturing process, properties, applications, and specifications. Some key points:
- PVC is made from salt and oil/gas and was first commercially produced in the 1920s. It has properties like durability, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation that make it suitable for many applications.
- Common PVC applications include pipes, flooring, cables, furniture, and construction materials. Specific uses outlined include water pipes, electrical conduits, roofing, and plumbing fittings.
- PVC comes in variants like UPVC and CPVC that are used for different applications based on their properties like heat and pressure resistance.
- Indian Standards
Ferrocement is a thin reinforced concrete made of cement mortar and wire mesh. It is strong, durable, and low-cost. Common applications include walls, floors, roofs, water tanks, bridges, and marine structures. Ferrocement is 2-5 cm thick and has a cement mortar mix reinforced with steel mesh or rods. It was invented in the 1850s and methods of construction include skeletal armature, closed mould, integral mould, and open mould. Ferrocement is used Residential buildings, marine applications, water and sanitation infrastructure, agriculture, renewable energy, and other structures.
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The document summarizes different types of windows, including fixed windows, pivoted windows, double-hung windows, sliding windows, casement windows, louvred windows, metal windows, bay windows, awning windows, and skylights. It describes the key characteristics of each window type, such as how they open/close, materials used, advantages, and common applications. The document also discusses window materials, fixtures and fastenings, and provides details on hinges, bolts, handles, locks and various material options like wood, aluminum, fiberglass and PVC.
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Gypsum
1. Using Gypsum Board for Walls and Ceilings
WHAT IS GYPSUM ?
Gypsum is a mineral found in sedimentary rock formations in a crystalline form known as
calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4•2H2O.
The manufacturer receives quarried gypsum, and crushes the large pieces before any further
processing takes place. Crushed rock is then ground into a fine powder and heated to about 350
degrees F. It is then used as the base for gypsum plaster, gypsum board and other gypsum
products.
Synthetic gypsum, commonly known as the FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurization) gypsum or DSG
(desulphurised) gypsum may also be used in the production of gypsum board. This product is
primarily derived from coal-fired electrical utilities which have systems in place to remove sulfur
dioxide from flue gasses. The synthetic gypsum is then transported to the gypsum board
manufacturer; the production process for calcining synthetic gypsum is largely the same as with
mined gypsum only no primary crushing is necessary.
To produce gypsum board, the calcined gypsum is mixed with water and additives to form a
slurry which is fed between continuous layers of paper on a board machine. As the board moves
down a conveyer line, the calcium sulfate recrystallizes or rehydrates, chemically combining
with the water that was removed during calcination and reverts to its original rock state. The
paper becomes chemically and mechanically bonded to the core. The board is then cut to length
and conveyed through dryers to remove any free moisture.
WHAT IS GYPSUM BOARD?
Gypsum board is the generic name for a family of panel products that consist of a
noncombustible core, composed primarily of gypsum, and a paper surfacing on the face, back
and long edges. Gypsum board is one of several building materials covered by the umbrella term
“gypsum panel products.” All gypsum panel products contain gypsum cores; however, they can
be faced with a variety of different materials, including paper and fiberglass mats.
Gypsum board is often called drywall, wallboard, or plasterboard. It differs from other panel-
type building products, such as plywood, hardboard, and fiberboard, because of its
noncombustible core and paper facers. When joints and fastener heads are covered with a joint
compound system, gypsum wall board creates a continuous surface suitable for most types of
interior decoration.
2. Fig. 1 – Horizontally Applied Gypsum Wallboard Showing Joints and Framing
ADVANTAGES OF GYPSUM BOARD CONSTRUCTION
Gypsum board walls and ceilings have a number of outstanding advantages:
Ease of installation
Fire resistance
Sound isolation
Durability
Economy
Versatility
1 . Ease of installation
Gypsum board building systems are easy to install for several reasons. Gypsum board panels are
relatively large compared to other materials. They come in 48- and 54-inch wide sheets and in
lengths of 8, 10, or 12 feet, so they quickly cover large wall and ceiling areas. Gypsum board
assemblies require only a few tools for their construction. Gypsum board can be cut with either a
utility knife or a variety of saws, and it can be attached with a variety of fasteners, including
screws, nails, and staples. It can also be adhesively attached to many substrates. Gypsum board is
a lightweight material. Two workers can easily handle most panels and cover large areas in very
short time periods. Gypsum board is easily finished using either a few hand tools or relatively
modest machines. Gypsum board installers can quickly learn most application techniques in a
few hours.
3. 2. Fire resistance
Gypsum board is an excellent fire-resistive building material
3. Sound isolation
Preventing the transfer of unwanted sound to adjoining areas is a key consideration when
designing a building, specifically when taking into account the intended activities of the
occupants in the various parts of the building. Gypsum board wall and ceilings systems
effectively help control sound transmission.
4. Durability
Gypsum board is used to construct strong, high quality walls and ceilings that offer excellent
dimensional stability and durability. Surfaces created using gypsum board are easily decorated
and refinished.
5. Economy
Gypsum board is readily available and easy to apply. It is an inexpensive wall surfacing material
that provides a fire resistant interior finish. Gypsum board building systems can generally be
installed at significantly lower labor costs than most alternate systems.
6. Versatility
Gypsum board satisfies a wide range of architectural requirements for design. Ease of
application, performance, ease of repair, availability, and its adaptability to all forms of
decoration combine to make gypsum board unmatched by any other surfacing product.
4. TYPES OF GYPSUM BOARD
Using ever-developing new technologies, gypsum producers offer a variety of gypsum board
products for many specific applications, including: the surface layer of interior walls and
ceilings; a base for ceramic, plastic and metal tile; exterior sheathing and soffits; elevator and
other shaft enclosures; area separation fire walls between occupancies; and the fire-resistant layer
over structural elements.
Regular and Type X gypsum board (described below) are available in SEVERAL
THICKNESSES. Different thicknesses are typically used in the specific following applications:
¼ -inch – A low cost gypsum board used as a base in a multilayer application for
improving sound control, used to cover existing walls and ceilings in remodeling and for
curved surfaces.
5/16 -inch – A specialty product primarily used in the production of manufactured
housing and in laminated double thickness for special sound control panels.
3/8-inch – A gypsum board principally applied in a double-layer system over wood
framing and as a face layer in repair or remodeling.
½-inch – Generally used as a single layer wall and ceiling material in residential work
and in double-layer systems for greater sound and fire ratings.
5/8-inch – Used in quality single-layer and double-layer wall systems. The greater
thickness provides additional fire resistance, higher rigidity, and better impact resistance.
¾-inch & 1 inch – Used in interior partitions, shaft walls, stairwells, chaseways, area
separation firewalls and corridor ceilings. Special edged panels are used in some interior
partitions.
Standard size gypsum boards are 48 inches wide and 8, 10, 12 or 14 feet long. The 48 inch width
is compatible with standard framing methods in which studs or joists are spaced 16 inches and 24
inches o.c. (Other lengths and widths of gypsum board are available from the manufacturer on
special order.)
Edges available are rounded, tapered, beveled, square edge, and tongue and groove (V-edge).
5. Common Types of Gypsum Board in Alphabetical Order:
Abuse-resistant gypsum panels offer greater resistance to surface indentation, abrasion
and penetration than standard gypsum panels.
Eased edge gypsum board, which has a tapered and slightly rounded or beveled factory
edge. It may be used as an aid in custom finishing of joints.
Exterior gypsum soffit board is board designed for use on the undersides of eaves,
canopies, carports, and other commercial and residential exterior applications with
indirect exposure to the weather. Soffit board is available in 1/2 or 5/8 -inch thicknesses
with both regular and Type X core.
Foil-backed gypsum board has aluminum foil laminated to the back surface of regular
gypsum board or other gypsum panel products. Foil-backed panels serve as vapor
barriers.
Gypsum base for veneer plaster serves as a base for thin coats of hard, high strength
gypsum veneer plaster.
Gypsum liner board serves as a liner panel in shaft walls, stairwells, chase ways, area
separation fire walls, and corridor ceilings. It has a special fire-resistant core encased in
moisture-resistant paper. Liner board is available in ¾ or 1 -inch thicknesses, widths of
24 or 48 inches and with square edges (sometimes eased square edges). Gypsum liner
board is also available with fiberglass mat facing that increases its weather and mold
resistance.
Gypsum sheathing is used as a protective fire resistive membrane under exterior wall
surfacing materials such as wood siding, masonry veneer, stucco and shingles. It also
provides protection against the passage of water and wind and adds structural rigidity to
the framing system. The noncombustible core is surfaced with water repellent paper; in
addition, it may also have a water resistant core. Available in 2 feet and 4 feet widths, ½ -
inch and 5/8 -inch thick. It is also available with Type X core. Gypsum sheathing is also
available with a glass mat facing. This product is more weather resistant and mold
resistant than paper-faced gypsum sheathing, and it is often used as a substrate for
Exterior Insulating Finishing Systems (EIFS).
Impact-resistant gypsum panels offer greater resistance to the impact of solid objects
from high traffic and vandalism than standard gypsum panels.
Mold-resistant board incorporates various methods of preventing the growth of mold
and mildew on the board’s surface.
Non-paper-faced gypsum board is unfaced or has a facing other than paper.
Regular gypsum board (gypsum wallboard) is used as a surface layer on walls and
ceilings.
Sag-resistant board is a ceiling panel that offers greater resistance to sagging than
regular gypsum products used for ceilings where framing is typically spaced 24 inches
o.c.
Type C or Proprietary Type-X gypsum board is available in ½ -inch and 5/8 -inch
thicknesses and is required in some fire rated assemblies. Additional additives give this
product improved fire resistive properties.
Type X gypsum board is available in ½ -inch and 5/8 -inch thicknesses and has an
improved fire resistance made possible through the use of special core additives. It is also
6. available with a predecorated finish. Type X gypsum board is used in most fire rated
assemblies.
Water-resistant gypsum board has a water resistant gypsum core and a water repellent
paper. It serves as a base for ceramic or plastic wall tile or plastic finish panels in non-wet
areas. This product is available with a regular or Type X core and in ½ -inch and 5/8 -
inch thicknesses.
POINTS TO REMEMBER : Do not use water-resistant gypsum board on ceilings or soffits
unless extra framing is installed; do not exceed 12 inches o.c. between framing members. Do not
use water-resistant gypsum board as a tile-backing substrate material where the final surface is
directly exposed to running water; select one of several specialty products, including glass-mat-
faced gypsum board or cement-based board, as a tile-backing substrate for areas directly exposed
to running water.
Limitations of Use
For installation of gypsum board and finishes, maintain room temperature at not less than 40
degrees F for the mechanical application of gypsum board and not less than 50 degrees for the
adhesive application of gypsum board and for joint treatment, texturing and decoration, unless
recommended otherwise by the manufacturer. CAUTION: When using a temporary heat source,
do not allow ambient temperatures to exceed 95 degrees F in any given room or area. Maintain
adequate ventilation in the working area during installation and curing period. Do not use
gypsum board where exposure to moisture is extreme or continuous. Take care to ensure that the
gypsum board will not be exposed to temperatures exceeding 125 degrees F for extended periods
of time, for example, when located adjacent to wood burning stoves, electric lighting, electric
heating appliances or other heating units, or hot air flues.
APPLICATION OF GYPSUM BOARD
Gypsum board can be applied over wood or metal framing or furring. It can be applied to
masonry and concrete surfaces, either directly or to wood or metal furring strips. When applying
board directly to masonry or concrete surfaces, smooth or fill in any irregularities to ensure
proper attachment and an acceptable final finished surface. Furring properly attached to interior
sides of exterior walls provides flat surfaces for standard fastener application as well and
sufficient separation from substrates to overcome dampness in exterior walls. Do not allow
gypsum board to directly contact surfaces, such as concrete or soil, with potentially high
moisture contents. Most common in residential construction is the gypsum wallboard system1in
which the joints between the panels and internal corners are reinforced with tape and covered
with joint compound to create a surface suitable for final decoration. External corners are
normally reinforced with either a metal or plastic corner bead which in turn is covered with joint
compound. Exposed edges are covered with metal or plastic trim. The result is a smooth,
unbroken surface ready for final decoration of paint, textures, wallpaper tile, paneling, or other
materials.
7. STORAGE AND HANDLING
Schedule the delivery of gypsum board to coincide with its installation.
Store boards or panels flat and protected from the elements. Be sure that materials used as
storage supports (risers) are at least 4 inches in width and of uniform depth or length. As the
units of gypsum board are tiered, align risers carefully from bottom to top so that the load of
each tier is transferred directly to the next level of risers, thus avoiding sagging or otherwise
distorting the plane of the boards.
Avoid stacking longer boards on shorter boards to prevent the longer boards from warping or
breaking. Avoid leaning boards horizontally against vertical framing as they may shift and fall
and in turn injure workers. Also avoid leaning boards during periods of high humidity or else the
8. boards may warp. Remove shipping bags immediately after delivery to prevent the buildup of
condensation. Keep materials protected from the weather until ready for use on the jobsite. Take
care while moving boards not to drag them and damage their edges and corners.
Fig. 5 – Stud
Shrinkage with Reduction in Moisture Content
If framing shrinkage is substantial or nails are longer than necessary, the gypsum board may
separate from its framing lumber, which often causes nail heads to protrude above the board
surface (these blemishes are colloquially known as “nail pops”).
TOOLS
Gypsum board installation and finishing require only some basic tools. While there are also
many specialized hand and power tools available for gypsum board installation, here’s a list with
brief descriptions of the basic tools necessary for a typical wallboard job:
9. Measuring tape – A steel retractable measuring tape, usually 25 feet in length.
Gypsum board T-square –Square edge for measuring and cutting gypsum board to length and for
cutting out holes for square outlet boxes and other openings.
Utility knife – Standard cutting tool with replaceable/reversible blades for scoring and cutting
gypsum board.
Hammer – Drives nails through gypsum board into wood framing.
Keyhole saw – Small triangular saw for cutting out holes for outlet boxes, pipes, and other
penetrations.
Rasp – A tool for smoothing rough edges of wallboard after it has been scored and snapped.
Assorted trowels and taping knives – Bladed tools for applying and smoothing tape and joint
compound over joints and fastener heads.
Mud tray – Box to contain joint compound while finishing joints and fastener heads.
Sanding pole – Tool that enables sanding walls from floor to ceiling and standard height ceilings
without the use of a ladder.
Screw gun – Power tool that drives all types of gypsum board screws through gypsum board and
into framing or substrate.
Drywall Installation and Finishing Tools
Application Sequence
Use the following procedures
to ensure a successful
gypsum board application:
1. Install ceiling panels first,
then the wall panels.
2. Once cut to size, position
gypsum boards into place
without forcing them.
3. Match similar edges and
ends, i.e.: tapered to tapered,
square-cut ends to square
ends.
4. Plan to span the entire
10. length of ceilings or walls with single boards if possible to reduce the number of butt joints,
which are more difficult to finish. Stagger butt joints and locate them as far from the center of
the wall and ceiling as possible so they will be inconspicuous.
CUTTING AND FITTING PROCEDURES
Gypsum board installations require careful planning: accurate measuring, cutting and fitting are
very important. In residential buildings with ceiling heights under 8′1″, wallboard is best
installed at right angles (perpendicular) to framing members as this orientation of the panels
leaves fewer joints to finish. On long walls, horizontally attaching boards of the maximum
practical length will minimize the number of butt joints. Avoid using damaged board.
Carefully measure where board ends and edges will meet corners and ceilings. Accurate
measuring reveals irregularities in framing and furring that require corrective allowances when
cutting boards. Correct poorly aligned framing before attaching gypsum board
Fig. 6 – Measuring from Edge before Cutting Board
To cut gypsum board, working from the face side , first score the board by cutting through the
paper to the core with a sharp knife (Fig. 7).
11. Fig. 7 – Using Utility Knife to Score Board
Then snap the board back and away from the scored cut on the face of the board(Fig 8).
Fig. 8 – Snapping Scored Board
Sever the board’s backing paper by snapping the board in the reverse direction or by cutting the
backing paper with a scoring knife. Gypsum board may also be cut using a hand saw. Smooth all
cut edges and ends of the gypsum board to form neat, tight-fitting joints when installed. Smooth
12. ragged ends or broken edges with a rasp or sandpaper, or trim them with a sharp knife. If burrs
on the cut ends are not removed, they will form visible ridges in the finished surface.
Single-Ply and Multi-Ply Application
In light commercial and residential construction, single-ply gypsum board systems (Fig. 9) are
the most commonly used wall and ceiling systems. Usually such systems meet fire resistance and
sound control requirements2
. Multi-ply systems (Fig. 10) have two or more layers of gypsum
board that will typically increase sound isolation and fire resistive performance.Multi-ply
systems also provide better surface quality because face layers are often laminated over base
layers, so fewer fasteners are needed to attach the face layer. As a result, surface joints of the
face layer are reinforced by the continuous base layers of gypsum board. Nail popping and joint
ridging problems are less frequent, and imperfectly aligned supports have less effect on the
finished
surface.
Fig. 9 – Single-Ply Application
13. Fig. 10 – Multi-Ply Application
Ensure satisfactory results with either single-ply or multi-ply assemblies by requiring proper:
·framing details (straight, correctly spaced, properly cured lumber)
·job conditions (controlled temperature and adequate ventilation during application)
·application of the board (measuring, cutting, aligning, fastening)
·joint and fastener treatment
·special requirements for proper sound isolation, fire resistance, thermal properties, or moisture
resistance.
Control Joints
Ceilings exceeding 2500 sq. ft. in area, and partition-, wall-, and wall-furring runs exceeding 30
ft. all require control joints. Do not exceed 50 ft. between ceiling control joints in either
direction. Install a control joint wherever ceiling framing or furring changes direction. Do not
exceed 30 ft. between control joints in walls or wall furring. Be sure to install a control joint
where an expansion joint occurs in the base of an exterior wall. Wall- or partition-height door
14. frames may serve as control joints. Whenever possible, ensure that control joints coincide with
any building control joints. NOTE: Where a control joint occurs in an acoustically rated
assembly, provision may be necessary to block the sound at the joint opening by using backing
material, such as gypsum board, mineral fiber or equivalent, or filling the void created with
resilient insulating material.