This document provides an overview of various interior materials and surfaces used in construction. It discusses natural materials like stone, wood, glass and metals as well as synthetic materials like plastics, fabrics and composites. For wood, it describes different types like hardwood, softwood and wood products. It elaborates on properties and applications of materials like plywood, particle board, laminates, melamine coated wood and cork. The document also discusses characteristics and uses of different metals like iron, steel, aluminum, copper and zinc. It provides details on glass types including float glass, laminated glass, toughened glass and stained glass. Lastly, it touches upon stone materials like granite, marble, slate and limestone.
This document discusses various materials used for interior finishes such as flooring, window dressings, and wall finishes. It provides details on different types of floor coverings including soft floor coverings like carpet, linoleum, vinyl and cork as well as hard floorings like wood, laminates, ceramic tiles and natural stones. It also describes types of window dressings including plantations shutters, curtains, roller shades, sheers and roman shades. Finally, it lists various wall finish options such as plastering, cladding, motifs, fabric, gypsum, paneling, murals and wallpapers.
The document discusses different types of wall panelling materials and their uses. It describes various panelling materials like wood, metal, acoustic and structural panels. Wood panelling provides insulation and decorative appearance. Panelling is used to cover walls for aesthetic purposes and can provide insulation, soundproofing and reduce construction costs. Common panelling materials mentioned include wood, metal, laminate and tileboard panels.
False ceilings, also known as dropped ceilings or suspended ceilings, were initially developed in the 14th century in Japan for aesthetic purposes. They later became popular in modern construction as a way to conceal wiring, ductwork, and other building elements above the ceiling. There are various types of false ceilings depending on the material used, such as wood, gypsum, thermocol, or PVC. False ceilings provide benefits like reducing room height, cooling rooms, and allowing for decorative lighting features. However, they also have disadvantages like reduced headroom, concealing functional building elements, and making maintenance and repairs more difficult. Common false ceiling installation methods involve setting up a framework to support ceiling tiles or panels made of various
Types of materials using to make furnitures interior design VI sem 2017Diwakar kushwaha
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This document discusses materials used for furniture. The four primary materials are wood, metal, plastics, and glass. Wood is still the most common material and includes solid wood, plywood, veneers, and man-made wood. Metals such as steel, aluminum and alloys are used for frames, legs and hardware. Plastics include laminates, synthetic fibers and molded parts. Glass is used for tables, windows and acrylics that can be colored and bent. Each material has different characteristics that make it suitable for various furniture applications.
Time saver standards for interior designsuzain ali
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This document outlines the key details of a new product launch by a leading electronics company. The company will unveil a new smartwatch at its annual fall event that features enhanced health and fitness tracking capabilities, improved battery life, and a more durable and lighter design compared to previous models. The new watch will be available to purchase later in the fall and aims to further grow the company's presence in the wearables market.
This document discusses various materials used for interior finishes such as flooring, window dressings, and wall finishes. It provides details on different types of floor coverings including soft floor coverings like carpet, linoleum, vinyl and cork as well as hard floorings like wood, laminates, ceramic tiles and natural stones. It also describes types of window dressings including plantations shutters, curtains, roller shades, sheers and roman shades. Finally, it lists various wall finish options such as plastering, cladding, motifs, fabric, gypsum, paneling, murals and wallpapers.
The document discusses different types of wall panelling materials and their uses. It describes various panelling materials like wood, metal, acoustic and structural panels. Wood panelling provides insulation and decorative appearance. Panelling is used to cover walls for aesthetic purposes and can provide insulation, soundproofing and reduce construction costs. Common panelling materials mentioned include wood, metal, laminate and tileboard panels.
False ceilings, also known as dropped ceilings or suspended ceilings, were initially developed in the 14th century in Japan for aesthetic purposes. They later became popular in modern construction as a way to conceal wiring, ductwork, and other building elements above the ceiling. There are various types of false ceilings depending on the material used, such as wood, gypsum, thermocol, or PVC. False ceilings provide benefits like reducing room height, cooling rooms, and allowing for decorative lighting features. However, they also have disadvantages like reduced headroom, concealing functional building elements, and making maintenance and repairs more difficult. Common false ceiling installation methods involve setting up a framework to support ceiling tiles or panels made of various
Types of materials using to make furnitures interior design VI sem 2017Diwakar kushwaha
Â
This document discusses materials used for furniture. The four primary materials are wood, metal, plastics, and glass. Wood is still the most common material and includes solid wood, plywood, veneers, and man-made wood. Metals such as steel, aluminum and alloys are used for frames, legs and hardware. Plastics include laminates, synthetic fibers and molded parts. Glass is used for tables, windows and acrylics that can be colored and bent. Each material has different characteristics that make it suitable for various furniture applications.
Time saver standards for interior designsuzain ali
Â
This document outlines the key details of a new product launch by a leading electronics company. The company will unveil a new smartwatch at its annual fall event that features enhanced health and fitness tracking capabilities, improved battery life, and a more durable and lighter design compared to previous models. The new watch will be available to purchase later in the fall and aims to further grow the company's presence in the wearables market.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
The document discusses different types of building cladding materials and systems. It describes cladding as the exterior skin of a building that provides protection from weather elements while serving decorative purposes. Some key types of cladding mentioned include curtain wall systems, attached panels, and infill systems. The document also discusses various cladding materials used for interior and exterior applications such as timber, stone, brick, and metal. It provides details on installation methods and advantages of different cladding options.
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
Gypsum board, also known as drywall or plasterboard, is a building material made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls, ceilings, and partitions. Gypsum board provides a smooth, monolithic surface that can be decorated. To produce it, calcined gypsum is mixed with water and additives to form a slurry between the paper layers. As it dries, the gypsum recrystallizes and bonds to the paper. A false ceiling, or dropped ceiling, is a secondary ceiling hung below the main structural ceiling, creating a space to hide wiring and ductwork while allowing access. Exposed grid ceilings have visible grid systems into which panels
The document provides an overview of different types of cladding systems. It defines cladding as an exterior finishing system that protects the underlying structure and provides decorative finish. There are many types of cladding including dry wall, wet wall, weatherboard, timber, stone, external foam, metal, concrete, and brick cladding. The major purpose of cladding is to separate the indoor and outdoor environments to maintain suitable indoor conditions by keeping water out, preventing air leakage, controlling light, heat radiation and conduction, and controlling sound.
This document provides an overview of aluminium composite panels (ACP). It discusses that ACP is made up of two aluminium sheets bonded to a low-density core. This creates a lightweight yet rigid sandwich structure. The core takes shear loads while the skins take tension and compression loads. ACP offers advantages like aesthetics, insulation, light weight, durability, and low maintenance. It can be installed using rivets or screws and cut using saws. ACP has properties such as heat and weather resistance, sound dampening, and comes in various colors and sizes for façade cladding and signage. Examples of its use include spaceship earth and buildings at Amity University.
furniture use , materials , market survey in indiaAahuti Prajapati
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The document provides information on various types of furniture, materials used, and their applications. It discusses the different uses of furniture in residential, commercial, street, and hospital settings. It also details the main raw materials used like plywood, wood, laminates, and their specifications. Common finishes applied to furniture like laminates, veneers, and hardware items are also outlined. Specific types of street furniture and hospital furniture are described along with the materials typically used for them.
This document discusses partition walls, which divide interior spaces without carrying structural loads. It defines partition walls and lists their advantages such as dividing spaces, providing privacy, and being lightweight. It describes requirements for good partition walls and various types including brick, hollow block, concrete, glass, wood, strawboard, plaster, metal, and asbestos cement. Movable and portable partition walls are also discussed. Common applications include offices, schools, hotels, and event spaces.
This document discusses different types of wall finishes. It begins by defining wall finishes as enhancements given to walls to improve interior or exterior appearance. Some key structural wall finishes mentioned include tiles, wood, terracotta, marble wash and stone. The document then focuses on tile finishes, describing different types like ceramic, porcelain, glazed, glass, mosaic and natural stone tiles. It provides details on characteristics and applications of each tile type. Additionally, it covers various wood paneling options for wall finishes like shiplap, board and batten, plank, tongue and groove and bead board. Maintenance requirements are also summarized.
This document discusses different types of roofing materials. It describes slate, Allahabad, burnt clay, and concrete roof tiles. Slate tiles are extremely durable with low water absorption. They are available in grey, black, or red. Allahabad tiles have flat bottom tiles that alternate with convex curved top tiles. Burnt clay tiles are suitable for sloped roofs from 20-50 degrees and are durable but heavy. Concrete tiles are made from cement and sand and come in various shapes like pantiles and ridges. Factors that affect roof material selection include climate, cost, appearance, and maintenance requirements. Proper installation methods are also outlined.
This document discusses various acoustic materials used for sound absorption, diffusion, and noise control. It provides details on stackable foam panels, fabric wrapped panels, ceiling clouds, fiberglass blankets and rolls, pyramidal and quadratic diffusers, and acoustic barriers. The materials discussed are suitable for a variety of spaces including recording studios, theaters, offices, homes and more. They help reduce reverberation, echoes, and noise in an aesthetically pleasing way while also being durable and fire resistant.
Wooden false ceilings come in different types including drop ceilings, ceiling tiles, plank ceilings, coffered ceilings, and suspended ceilings. They are made from hardwood like teak or medium density fiber, and provide both aesthetic and functional purposes in buildings. Wooden false ceilings have advantages like providing decorative looks, insulation, and a warm feeling, but also have disadvantages of being expensive, prone to termites, and difficult to clean.
Modular furniture is pre-made furniture that can be easily assembled, moved, and rearranged according to the needs of a space. Modular office furniture in particular can be tailored to fit the exact needs of an office and expanded as the company grows. Modular cubicles and desks allow offices to adjust the layout and accommodate employee desires for privacy or interaction. Modular break-out spaces also use rearrangeable furniture like sofas, TVs, and bean bags to allow employees flexibility in configuring a relaxing space outside of the workspace.
This document discusses various types of acoustical materials used to control sound, including sound absorbers, diffusers, barriers, and reflectors. It provides details on common sound absorbing materials like acoustical foam panels, fabric-wrapped panels, wall coverings, ceiling tiles, and baffles. These materials use porous materials like foam, fiberglass, and fabrics to absorb sound waves. The document also briefly mentions sound diffusers which scatter sound reflections instead of absorbing them.
âa science that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound.â
it is the science of controlling sound within buildings.
The document discusses different types of materials used for false ceilings, including gypsum board, POP (Plaster of Paris), acrylic, PVC, wood, and metals. It provides details on gypsum board, including common thicknesses ranging from 8mm to 20mm. It also lists advantages of gypsum board like its smooth surface and ease of installation. The document then covers POP sheets, including their size, preparation process, and rates. It provides a comparison of POP and gypsum board. Finally, it discusses different wood ceiling options and methods for installing suspended ceilings made of materials like steel and aluminum.
Choosing materials in interior design for all centuries or periodsLumbad 1989
Â
The document provides an overview of different historical interior design styles from early Italian Renaissance through Victorian era, describing key characteristics of each style including common materials, finishes, and decorative elements. It discusses factors like social, political, artistic influences that shaped interior design over time and provides examples of interior features, color palettes, and furnishings typical of each period.
7 deadly sins of List Building - FeedBlitz - New Media ExpoPhil Hollows
Â
This document discusses the "Seven Deadly Sins" of list building: wrath, greed, sloth, pride, lust, envy, and gluttony. It provides examples of how exhibiting each sin can negatively impact a mailing list by reducing engagement, increasing unsubscribes, and harming deliverability. The document advocates practicing the corresponding virtues of patience, charity, diligence, humility, chastity, kindness, and temperance to have a healthy, growing list and nurture long-term subscribers.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
The document discusses different types of building cladding materials and systems. It describes cladding as the exterior skin of a building that provides protection from weather elements while serving decorative purposes. Some key types of cladding mentioned include curtain wall systems, attached panels, and infill systems. The document also discusses various cladding materials used for interior and exterior applications such as timber, stone, brick, and metal. It provides details on installation methods and advantages of different cladding options.
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
Gypsum board, also known as drywall or plasterboard, is a building material made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls, ceilings, and partitions. Gypsum board provides a smooth, monolithic surface that can be decorated. To produce it, calcined gypsum is mixed with water and additives to form a slurry between the paper layers. As it dries, the gypsum recrystallizes and bonds to the paper. A false ceiling, or dropped ceiling, is a secondary ceiling hung below the main structural ceiling, creating a space to hide wiring and ductwork while allowing access. Exposed grid ceilings have visible grid systems into which panels
The document provides an overview of different types of cladding systems. It defines cladding as an exterior finishing system that protects the underlying structure and provides decorative finish. There are many types of cladding including dry wall, wet wall, weatherboard, timber, stone, external foam, metal, concrete, and brick cladding. The major purpose of cladding is to separate the indoor and outdoor environments to maintain suitable indoor conditions by keeping water out, preventing air leakage, controlling light, heat radiation and conduction, and controlling sound.
This document provides an overview of aluminium composite panels (ACP). It discusses that ACP is made up of two aluminium sheets bonded to a low-density core. This creates a lightweight yet rigid sandwich structure. The core takes shear loads while the skins take tension and compression loads. ACP offers advantages like aesthetics, insulation, light weight, durability, and low maintenance. It can be installed using rivets or screws and cut using saws. ACP has properties such as heat and weather resistance, sound dampening, and comes in various colors and sizes for façade cladding and signage. Examples of its use include spaceship earth and buildings at Amity University.
furniture use , materials , market survey in indiaAahuti Prajapati
Â
The document provides information on various types of furniture, materials used, and their applications. It discusses the different uses of furniture in residential, commercial, street, and hospital settings. It also details the main raw materials used like plywood, wood, laminates, and their specifications. Common finishes applied to furniture like laminates, veneers, and hardware items are also outlined. Specific types of street furniture and hospital furniture are described along with the materials typically used for them.
This document discusses partition walls, which divide interior spaces without carrying structural loads. It defines partition walls and lists their advantages such as dividing spaces, providing privacy, and being lightweight. It describes requirements for good partition walls and various types including brick, hollow block, concrete, glass, wood, strawboard, plaster, metal, and asbestos cement. Movable and portable partition walls are also discussed. Common applications include offices, schools, hotels, and event spaces.
This document discusses different types of wall finishes. It begins by defining wall finishes as enhancements given to walls to improve interior or exterior appearance. Some key structural wall finishes mentioned include tiles, wood, terracotta, marble wash and stone. The document then focuses on tile finishes, describing different types like ceramic, porcelain, glazed, glass, mosaic and natural stone tiles. It provides details on characteristics and applications of each tile type. Additionally, it covers various wood paneling options for wall finishes like shiplap, board and batten, plank, tongue and groove and bead board. Maintenance requirements are also summarized.
This document discusses different types of roofing materials. It describes slate, Allahabad, burnt clay, and concrete roof tiles. Slate tiles are extremely durable with low water absorption. They are available in grey, black, or red. Allahabad tiles have flat bottom tiles that alternate with convex curved top tiles. Burnt clay tiles are suitable for sloped roofs from 20-50 degrees and are durable but heavy. Concrete tiles are made from cement and sand and come in various shapes like pantiles and ridges. Factors that affect roof material selection include climate, cost, appearance, and maintenance requirements. Proper installation methods are also outlined.
This document discusses various acoustic materials used for sound absorption, diffusion, and noise control. It provides details on stackable foam panels, fabric wrapped panels, ceiling clouds, fiberglass blankets and rolls, pyramidal and quadratic diffusers, and acoustic barriers. The materials discussed are suitable for a variety of spaces including recording studios, theaters, offices, homes and more. They help reduce reverberation, echoes, and noise in an aesthetically pleasing way while also being durable and fire resistant.
Wooden false ceilings come in different types including drop ceilings, ceiling tiles, plank ceilings, coffered ceilings, and suspended ceilings. They are made from hardwood like teak or medium density fiber, and provide both aesthetic and functional purposes in buildings. Wooden false ceilings have advantages like providing decorative looks, insulation, and a warm feeling, but also have disadvantages of being expensive, prone to termites, and difficult to clean.
Modular furniture is pre-made furniture that can be easily assembled, moved, and rearranged according to the needs of a space. Modular office furniture in particular can be tailored to fit the exact needs of an office and expanded as the company grows. Modular cubicles and desks allow offices to adjust the layout and accommodate employee desires for privacy or interaction. Modular break-out spaces also use rearrangeable furniture like sofas, TVs, and bean bags to allow employees flexibility in configuring a relaxing space outside of the workspace.
This document discusses various types of acoustical materials used to control sound, including sound absorbers, diffusers, barriers, and reflectors. It provides details on common sound absorbing materials like acoustical foam panels, fabric-wrapped panels, wall coverings, ceiling tiles, and baffles. These materials use porous materials like foam, fiberglass, and fabrics to absorb sound waves. The document also briefly mentions sound diffusers which scatter sound reflections instead of absorbing them.
âa science that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound.â
it is the science of controlling sound within buildings.
The document discusses different types of materials used for false ceilings, including gypsum board, POP (Plaster of Paris), acrylic, PVC, wood, and metals. It provides details on gypsum board, including common thicknesses ranging from 8mm to 20mm. It also lists advantages of gypsum board like its smooth surface and ease of installation. The document then covers POP sheets, including their size, preparation process, and rates. It provides a comparison of POP and gypsum board. Finally, it discusses different wood ceiling options and methods for installing suspended ceilings made of materials like steel and aluminum.
Choosing materials in interior design for all centuries or periodsLumbad 1989
Â
The document provides an overview of different historical interior design styles from early Italian Renaissance through Victorian era, describing key characteristics of each style including common materials, finishes, and decorative elements. It discusses factors like social, political, artistic influences that shaped interior design over time and provides examples of interior features, color palettes, and furnishings typical of each period.
7 deadly sins of List Building - FeedBlitz - New Media ExpoPhil Hollows
Â
This document discusses the "Seven Deadly Sins" of list building: wrath, greed, sloth, pride, lust, envy, and gluttony. It provides examples of how exhibiting each sin can negatively impact a mailing list by reducing engagement, increasing unsubscribes, and harming deliverability. The document advocates practicing the corresponding virtues of patience, charity, diligence, humility, chastity, kindness, and temperance to have a healthy, growing list and nurture long-term subscribers.
Fiber cement is a durable, waterproof, and fire resistant cladding material that is well-suited for both residential and commercial construction. It comes in a variety of sheet sizes and thicknesses. While fiber cement requires painting and has less flexibility than other cladding options, it is resistant to damage from impacts, rot, and fire. Fiber cement installation involves cutting sheets with specialized tools and attaching them to the building with nails, taking care to properly ventilate the work area.
Fibre reinforced gypsum panels (GFRG panels) are an alternative and eco-friendly building material manufactured using a gypsum core. Originally developed in Australia, GFRG panels can be used for load bearing walls up to 10 stories high and offer rapid construction. Compared to conventional building materials like bricks and cement, GFRG panels reduce CO2 emissions, conserve scarce resources like sand and water, require less energy to produce, and allow for faster construction with fewer workers. GFRG panels are strong, lightweight, fire resistant, termite proof and can reduce a building's weight by up to 90% compared to conventional brick walls.
External finishes (FIBRE-CEMENT SIDING )seerat hayat
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Fiber cement siding is an exterior building material used to cover the outside of buildings. It is made of sand, cement, and cellulose fibers formed into rigid panels. Fiber cement siding is durable, fire and impact resistant, and requires little maintenance. It is more expensive than vinyl siding but provides better insulation and durability than wood siding. Fiber cement siding comes in various styles and colors and can last over 50 years with proper installation and care.
Home Interior Components - Doors/Windows/WardrobesGuneet Khurana
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Working on home interiors requires understanding of a lot of components and materials. Here is a presentation on Home Interior Components and their use in interior space.
For more detail refer - archistudent.net
Cement boards are composed of cement, reinforcing fibers, cellulose, and mica formed into thick sheets. They are durable, resistant to termites and rot, and require little maintenance once installed. Cement boards are installed with corrosion resistant fasteners and filled joints, and are being increasingly used in prefabricated homes in Nepal due to benefits like earthquake resistance, fire resistance, and reduced construction time and costs.
This document provides a case study of the materials library located on the 6th floor of the Kahn Building in Detroit, Michigan. The library contains samples of interior materials organized into two main bays - a carpet bay and a textile bay. Materials are organized using color-coded labels and stored using methods like binders, pull-out drawers, and sliding sample racks to make the large collection accessible in a small space. Proper lighting, work surfaces, and other amenities help make the library a functional and inspiring space for interior design professionals.
Surface coating industry is one of the most popular industries. Paints, varnishes and lacquers industry is gaining ground at a rapid pace in modern time accompanied with closed advance in surface coating technology. They are formulated for specific purposes: outside house paints and exterior varnishes are intended to give good service when exposed to weathering; interior wall paints are formulated to give excellent coverage and good wash ability; and lacquers are formulated for rapid drying.
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The document provides information on various external finish materials, including glass, stucco, fibre cement, timber and wood products, and slate. It discusses the properties and applications of each material. Glass is highlighted for its transparency, aesthetics, and functional uses such as doors, windows, and partitions. Stucco is described as a composite building material used for decorative wall coating. Fiber cement is a composite material made of sand, cement and cellulose fibers used for siding. Various wood types and products are outlined, including their properties, common applications, and advantages for construction. Slate is discussed as a roofing material known for its durability and low maintenance.
Building Materials And Construction - steel interiorsDeepthi Deepu
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This document discusses the use of steel and stainless steel in building construction. It provides details on:
- Steel is commonly used as the structural skeleton of buildings to hold everything up and together. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron and chromium that is corrosion resistant and attractive.
- Stainless steel has various properties including malleability, ductility, elasticity, hardness, and conductivity that make it useful for building interiors.
- Examples of interior uses of steel include ceilings, walls, kitchen interiors, flooring, furniture, staircases, and fireplaces. Various finishes can be applied to stainless steel like brushed, polished, patterned, and decorative finishes.
The document summarizes a case study on eco-friendly building materials in Pune, India. It lists the objectives of the study which are to develop a list of conventional building materials, evaluate existing eco-rating systems, recommend a new rating system, and suggest eco-friendly materials for Pune. It then describes the methodology, presents a sample list of materials categorized by type and availability, discusses criteria for evaluating eco-friendliness, and provides draft lists of conventional and potential eco-friendly materials. The study aims to promote more sustainable building practices in Pune's construction industry.
The document discusses various types of wall finishes, including wood panelling, cement plastered finish, laminate finish, tile cladding, marble powder finish, sand textured finish, pebbles finish, flakes finish, canfor finish, coral finish, plaster of paris finish, glass mosaic finish, stained glass finish, gypsum plaster finish, and designer mirror finish. Each type of finish is briefly described in terms of materials used and application process.
Elements of interior design, history,importance, main elements of interior design- line, shape, space, form,texture, colour in detail, their uses and charecteristics in interior design.method of achieving nice composition using these elements vs nice examples and illustration.
The document discusses different types of materials used in construction including their properties and applications. It describes natural materials that are unchanged from their original state like wood, processed materials made by altering natural substances like brick and concrete, and synthetic materials that do not exist in nature such as glass and plastics. Specific materials covered include wood, masonry, metals, synthetics and their uses for structural and interior construction purposes. Hardwoods and softwoods are discussed as well as other wood products. Common masonry materials of stone, brick, concrete block and tile are also outlined.
The document contains a floor plan and building materials list for the ADP building and foyer. It includes sections about timber, stairs/handrailing, tiles, concrete, and different types of each material. Timber is described as a natural and renewable building material. Stairs and handrails can be made of wood, steel, aluminum or vinyl. Tiles are thin slabs made of materials like ceramic, stone, metal or glass. Floor tiles include natural stone, rubber, plastic and ceramic options. Concrete is a composite material made of water, aggregate and cement.
The document discusses different types of partition walls, including wooden, brick, glass, and aluminum partitions. Wooden partitions are light but not fireproof or suitable for damp areas. Brick partitions are fire resistant and soundproof but more durable. Glass partitions provide aesthetics and allow light while being damp, sound, and heat proof. Aluminum partitions are light, strong, and widely used in offices and industrial buildings. The document outlines advantages such as privacy and dividing space efficiently, and disadvantages such as using non-sustainable materials and potentially decreasing living space if placed incorrectly.
This document provides information about wood as a building material. It discusses the properties, classification, processing, and defects of wood. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Wood is a versatile building material that is strong, durable, and renewable. It discusses the classification of wood into softwood and hardwood, as well as the processing steps like felling, sawing, seasoning, and manufacturing. The document also covers common defects in wood caused by natural forces like knots and shakes or by insects and fungi.
Timber has many uses including for making doors, windows, furniture, flooring, roofing, and in transportation applications like railways and boats. It has advantages of being light, easy to work with using simple tools, a good insulator, and can last for hundreds of years if protected. However, its disadvantages are that it is combustible, susceptible to decay and insects if exposed, and undergoes swelling and shrinkage with humidity changes.
The document discusses different types of materials that can be used for construction and craft projects, including various woods, boards, metals, fabrics and plastics. It provides information on the characteristics of wooden sheeting, MDF, hardboard, plywood, chipboard, softwood and hardwood. It also outlines properties of common metals like steel, stainless steel and cast iron, as well as non-ferrous metals like copper, aluminum and silver. Additionally, it covers man-made fabrics such as nylon and polyester and natural fabrics such as cotton, wool and silk. Different plastics are also mentioned.
This document discusses natural and man-made materials used in interior design. It classifies materials into two categories: natural materials which come from the earth like timber, stone, bamboo, and cork; and man-made materials which are processed like tiles, brick, concrete, metals, glass, plastic, and plasterboard. For each material type, the document provides brief descriptions of common varieties, their properties, and applications. Natural materials are considered more authentic and environmentally friendly but not always renewable, while man-made materials can closely resemble naturals and have extensive design applications due to advances in technology.
This document discusses various wood substitute materials including plywood, particle board, fiberboard, and hardboard. It provides details on their manufacturing processes and characteristics. Particle board is made from wood chips and glue and is cheaper than wood but more prone to expansion. Fiberboard is stronger and denser than particle board and does not contain knots. Hardboard is denser and stronger than fiberboard. MDF can be wrapped with thin wood veneers through a high pressure process to mimic the appearance of real wood. These materials are widely used in furniture, flooring, and construction applications.
This document provides information on various building materials with a focus on steel. It discusses the properties and uses of steel, what steel and alloys are, common alloys like bronze and brass. It also discusses the properties and uses of aluminium. The document then covers how steel is used in furniture making, the process of cutting steel into shapes using CNC machines. It provides sizes of steel sheets and plates and how weight is calculated based on thickness. Finally, it summarizes different construction techniques using steel for floors, roofs, and walls.
It's incredibly durable, long-lasting, and fits snuggly with just about any aesthetic out there. Wood also appeals to homeowners also because of its ease of use. Wooden furniture and other pieces are often very handy in terms of their overall size.
This document discusses the properties, forms, uses, and advantages of aluminum. It notes that aluminum is a lightweight, non-ferrous metal commonly used today. It exists naturally in the earth as bauxite ore and can be extracted. Aluminum has high strength to weight ratio, good conductivity, and is corrosion resistant. It is used in various forms like casting, extrusion, sheets, foil and powder. Common applications include doors, windows, siding, kitchenware, cables, and vehicles where its properties allow replacement of heavier metals. Aluminum provides advantages like low weight, corrosion resistance, and ability to form useful alloys.
The document discusses different types of partition walls used to divide interior spaces in buildings. It describes timber stud, metal stud, drywall, glass block, and block partitions. Timber stud partitions can be plaster skimmed, dry-lined, or partially glazed. Metal stud partitions are lightweight but strong, consisting of a metal framework covered in plasterboard or fire-resistant sheeting. Glass block partitions are made of translucent glass blocks laid in mortar, sometimes with reinforcement. Block partitions are constructed from masonry blocks.
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4. Doors are also
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4. Hardwood & Softwood
â˘Softwoods are found in building
components e.g., windows,
doors, furniture, medium-density
fibreboard (MDF), paper,
Christmas trees, use to make
balustrade or composite block
boards for bookshelves or
panelling. Pines are one of the
most commonly used
softwoods.
â˘Poor in fire resistance
â˘Low in cost
â˘hardwoods are more likely to be
found in high-quality furniture,
decks, flooring, and construction
that needs to last. Used in
fixtures such as stair tread, doors.
Available in laminated veneers
and sheets
â˘Lumber is stronger, denser and
homogeneous.
â˘Good in fire resistance
â˘Cost is high
5. Hardwood doors
Both are availaible in various standard sizes
ďˇbest grade - required for a natural or stained
finish
ďˇat least 6 inches wide and 8 to 16 feet long
6. Plywood
â˘Made from sheets of cross laminated wood veneer with resin adhesive under heat
â˘Light weight
â˘Stable against moisture
â˘Marine ply/water and boil proof
WBP are water resistance
â˘Flexible plywood can curved
in one direction
â˘Used in structural, decking ,
framing ,panelling ,shelving ,
furniture , doors
Used in kitchen counters
7. Chip board or particle board
â˘Made from pressure bonded wood chips using synthetic resin adhesive under heat
⢠susceptible to moisture , swelled and break down when waterlogged.
â˘Indoor use only, serves as a base of other finishing material.
⢠low cost , basic , rough product, found beneath the laminates or veneers of many
ready formed shelves and work surfaces
8. Laminated butchers block
â˘Narrow and uniform strips of hardwood (4 cm) glues together to form thick heavy
sheet i.e blutchers block
⢠extreme dense , durable and unlikely to warp , hard wearing and luxurious
â˘Used as solid wooden counters or for kitchen backsplashes, table tops
⢠oiling and varnish is required for durability.
9. Melamine coated wood
â˘Decorative , durable plastic layer adhere to stable , inexpensive substrate like
chipboard or MDF
⢠easily cleaned waterproof surface, give high gloss finish.
⢠light weight , strong in tension , hard , brittle , available
in different colours and textures , easy to clean with
cleansers
â˘Used ready to assemble furniture
⢠susceptible to scratching and can crack
10. Cork oaks
â˘Cork is treeâs bark , harvested and used in raw form , have honeycomb texture , a fine
elastic structure of tiny air pockets.
⢠versatile , durable , lightweight , soft , warm
⢠resistant to high temperatures , moulds easily into various shapes
⢠high acoustic and insulation value
⢠does not absorb dust , resilient to water
â˘Low in cost
⢠light weight , strong in tension , hard , brittle , available indifferent colours and
textures , easy to clean with cleansers
â˘Used in heatproof table mats , flooring , floor tiles in bathroom areas , panelling
12. MDF â Medium density fibreboard
â˘Pressured and heat bonded Fine wood fibres adhered to flat , rigid , knot free sheet.
â˘Smooth surface good for veneers , laminates , paint work , cost effective
⢠highly dense and heavy , susceptible to moisture - swelled and break down
â˘Used frameworks and cabinets as wall panelling
13. Hard boards
⢠pulped wood waste and wood fibres extracted from wood chips adhered with
synthetic resin under heat and pressure.
⢠one side is glossy finish and other is textured.
⢠susceptible to moisture - swelled and break down
â˘Used as substrate for melamine and veneer , in flush doors , substitute of plywood
where strength and durability not required.
15. Iron â˘Basic form of iron ore â pig iron
â˘Cast iron â strong in compression , but brittle and rigid
⢠uses are in structural element , columns , beams ,
spiral staircases , outdoor furniture
⢠wrought iron â strong in tension
can be easily pulled , twisted , hammered ,
stretched.
⢠uses are limited to decorative applications and outdoor
garden furniture
⢠corrugated iron -- corrugation give iron sheet strength
⢠used in temporary structures , agricultural buildings ,
cladding.
⢠coating is required because iron is prone to rusting when used
outdoors.
â˘Coating is done by metal paints and lacquers.
16. â˘Iron furniture is built to last.
â˘Heavy and solid furniture.
â˘Heavy frames
â˘Smooth welds
â˘Thick, even paint
â˘Protective caps at the bottoms of legs
â˘Mesh wrought iron: little flex and clean
edges where mesh meets frame
â˘Ideal for outdoor furniture's
17. Steel
â˘Steel framework allows higher , lighter and
airier buildings.
â˘Minimum structural framesâ walls can be
infill of glassâlayout can be open and free of
division.
â˘Steel is a "green" product. It is also energy
efficient. Any excess material is 100%
recyclable.
â˘Steel does not easily warp, buckle, twist or
bend, and is therefore easy to modify and
offers design flexibility. Steel is also easy to
install.
â˘Steel allows for improved quality of
construction and less maintenance, while
offering improved safety and resistance.
18. â˘Used as structural element like trusses , beams ,
lintels , posts.
⢠perforated sheets for panelling/screening.
â˘Tubes for table legs
â˘Safety nosing for stair treads.
â˘Galvanized steel --- outdoor furniture , water planters
, grates for rainwater gulley.
⢠household appliances and utensil
⢠Mild Steel beams , columns , trusses
â˘Steel roofing
â˘Mild Steel
20. â˘Stainless Steel
â˘Modern interior furnishing material
â˘Good for low maintenance
â˘Chromium thin film of oxide on surface protects
from rust.
â˘Stainless steel â 18% chromium , 8-12% nickel
â˘Imp. Property is resistant to corrosion
â˘Expensive in cost
Used as indoor and outdoor furniture , exterior light
fixtures , household appliances , ironwork , wall
ties.
â˘Sheets used in panelling , backsplashes , nosing.
⢠available in rods , tubes , sheets.
â˘Adding manganese â for impact resistance
â˘Adding tungsten â withstand in high temperature
â˘Galvanisation with zinc -- weatherproof
21. GLASS TABLE WITH STAINLESS STEEL
ELEVATOR INTERIOR CLADDING
STAINLESS STEEL KITCHEN CABINET, TABLE TOP
LASER CUT MILD STEEL PANEL
22. Aluminiumâ silver white metal with bluish tinge
â˘Light weight â well used in aeronautical engineering. , less load in bearing structure.
⢠3 rd most abundant element in earthâs crust â 20% of worldâs al is used in construction
sector
â˘High resistant to corrosion and tensile strength replaced steel in many applications.
â˘3 times lighter than steel with same strength.
â˘Good conductor of heat and electricity
â˘100% recyclable.
â˘Used as windows, roofing, cladding,
â˘curtain walling and structural glazing,
â˘prefabricated buildings, architectural hardware,
â˘H&V, shop fitting and partitions
⢠medium in cost
⢠available in sheets.
AL is a light , silver-grey metal
28. Zinc
Bluish white metal-exterior cladding
â˘Naturally resistant to corrosion.
Requires no finish
â˘More than half zinc produced is used
to galvanize steel and protect it from
rusting.
⢠soft and easily scratched.
â˘Pliable and durable.
â˘Used to make roofing , flashing , gutter
downpipes.
Zinc countertop
â˘Sustainable choice â zinc can be
recycled and also for biological reasons.
â˘Cast for sculptures and decorative
element : can be moulded easily
29. â˘Zinc oxide paint are non-toxic and
resistant to pollution.
â˘Zinc roofing replaced more expensive
copper and lead roofing.
ZINC GUTTER , DOWNPIPES
30. Gold leaf â finish of real gold
⢠either made from pure gold or mixture of cheaper
materials
⢠very thin to almost see through
⢠used as finishing layer , varnish is used in outdoor
conditions and in heavy wear
⢠used to cover repairs and joints , as a decorative
element in furniture's , walls
â˘Very high in cost.
Decorative purposes
31. Comparison Between Wooden and Metal Furniture:
⢠Design :
⍠Wood : limited shapes
⍠Metal : flexibility in forming and shape
⢠Weight
⍠Wood : heavy
⍠Metal : could be light ( aluminum )
⢠Firefighting
⍠Wood: easy to burn
⍠Metal : does not burn easily
⢠Cleanness :
⍠Wood : could be cleaned but it is difficult to use water / A material liked by insects
that hide in .
⍠Metal : easy to clean by water and it is not a field for insects
⢠Shape and looking :
⍠Wood : fixed shape
⍠Metal : could have different shapes using colors and paints
⢠Construction :
⍠Wood : complicated using glue and nails
⍠Metal : could be fixed and unfixed easily
⢠Safety :
⍠Wood : needs efforts to be smooth and easy to scratch.
⍠Metal : smooth surfaces and bears scratch / could be used for multi-loch doors .
33. Glass is a chemically inert, brittle, hard but transparent construction material.
Glass is an element that helps us to achieve this goal of creating an empty space.
Itâs the optimal solution for room that receive too little light.
making your home look spacious
Beauty & Versatility
Visibility & Light Transmission
Energy Conservation
Noise Resistant
Bullet Resistant
Non Load-Bearing
34. .Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered.
.In the event of breaking, it is held in place by an interlayer, typically of polyvinyl butyric
(PVB), between its two or more layers of glass.
.The interlayer keeps the layers of glass bonded even when broken, and its high strength
prevents the glass from breaking up into large sharp pieces.
.Windshields --- when cracked produces a characteristic "spider web" cracking pattern
when the impact is not enough to completely pierce the glass.
Used where security is concern like for high grade construction , curtain wall ,
architectural ceiling , elevator parapet , skylights.
Specification : standard glass comes in 4-25mm thickness
Laminated glass
35. â˘Huge range of colours available
â˘Coloured laminated glass
â˘Transparent and translucent
â˘Glass wall curtain â weather proof
â˘UV protection
â˘Acoustic insulation
â˘Balustrade
36. Toughened or tempered glass is glass that has been processed by controlled
thermal or chemical treatments.
It has increased strength compared with normal glass and will usually shatter
into small fragments, rather than sharp shards, when broken.
Toughened glass (tempered glass)
37.
38. The ellipse table has a walnut wood base
and a barrel-shaped tempered glass top.
39.
40.
41. â˘The use for laminated glass ranges from entrance doors and glass floors to
aquariums and display cases
â˘Tempered glass is almost 5 to 10 times stronger when compared to its
untempered counterpart. One very noticeable quality of this type is that it
breaks down into small granular pieces rather than sharp shards.
â˘tempered glass can take a higher load and deflects further before breaking.
However once the glass is toughened it cannot be reworked.
â˘Polishing and drilling holes into the glass needs to be done pre-toughening.
â˘Ground level doors and windows made from laminated glass are a safe bet.
This is also the most susceptible area when it comes to breaking and entering.
Laminated / toughened glass :
42. Fusion Glass
Fused glass is a term used to describe glass that has been fired
(heat-processed) in a kiln at a range of high temperatures from
593Âş C (1100ÂşF) to 816Âş C (1500ÂşF).
There are 3 main distinctions for temperature application and
the resulting effect on the glass.
Fused glass consists mainly of silica.
While the precise origins of glass fusing techniques are not
known with certainty
43.
44. Float Glass
Float glass is a sheet of glass made by
floating molten glass on a bed of molten
tin.
This method gives the sheet uniform
thickness and very flat surfaces. Modern
windows are made from float glass.
Most float glass is soda-lime glass, but
relatively minor quantities of specialty
borosilicate and flat panel display glass are
also produced using the float glass
process.
45.
46. â˘Most widely used type of glass
⢠Monolithic and highly transparent
â˘Manufactured in two main varieties, i.e.; clear and tinted.
â˘Used in mirrors , windows,curtain walls and doors.
â˘float glass can be toughened, a process that creates safety glass out of
annealed glass.
â˘Available in thicknesses 2-19 mm
â˘Can be coloured during manufacturing
47.
48. Stained Glass
As a material the term stained glass generally refers to glass
that has been coloured by adding metallic salts during its
manufacture.
The coloured glass is crafted into stained glass windows in
which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or
pictures, held together (traditionally) by strips of lead and
supported by a rigid frame.
Painted details and yellow stain are often used to enhance the
design.
The term stained glass is also applied to windows in which all
the colours have been painted onto the glass and then annealed
in a furnace.
49.
50. Etched glass
â˘Etching refers to the technique of
creating art on the surface of glass by
applying acidic, caustic, or abrasive
substances.
â˘Glass with excellent finish to match
your interiors.
55. GLASS BLOCKS
â˘These are hollow glass units or
blocks of glass shaped to work as
bricks
â˘Joined with the help of silicon
sealants to obtain seamless finish
â˘The two outer, exposed surfaces
may be smooth or textured.
â˘Glass bricks provide visual
obscuration while admitting light
⢠fire resistant.
â˘Standard blocks : 10x20cm (4x8
in , 15x15cm (6x6in) , 20x20cm
( 8x8in)
56. STONE - GRANITE
Polished graniteGranite textures
Solid slabs
â˘FLOOR TILES : 300MM OR 400 MM
SQUARE TO 900X600MM
â˘10 , 15 , 20 MM THICKNESS.
62. LIMESTONE
Slate wall cladding
⢠floor tiles : 305 or 400 mm (12 or 16 in)
square , to 900x600 mm ( 36x24 in )
â˘10 , 15 , 20 mm thickness
â˘Counters : 625 or 900 mm wide , 2 or 3 m
long
64. SANDSTONE
⢠floor tiles : 305 or 400 mm (12 or 16 in)
square , to 900x600 mm ( 36x24 in )
â˘10 , 15 , 20 mm thickness
â˘Mostly used in flooring
67. Quarry tiles --
Sealed with linseed
oil or wax
â˘Alternate to terracotta
⢠square format
â˘Cheap in cost
⢠available in 150 mm square
â˘Also in 50-300mm square
â˘Square tiles in 6 , 14 , 16 mm
thick
â˘Interlocking tiles are 9 mm
thick
68. Ceramic tiles --
â˘Huge range of colour , texture ,
patterns , shape , size
â˘Square , oblong , hexagon ,
regular and irregular blocksfrom
12mm sqaure to 300x300 mm
72. PEBBLE TILES
â˘Tiles availaible in squares , interlocking pattern on all
sides for no visible joints.
â˘Thickness are 10mm , 14mm , 22mm to max
dimension of 80x180cm
â˘Best use indoors
73.
74. GLASS TILES
â˘Made from glass and
ceramics
â˘Impervious to liquids
and vapours
â˘Format shapes
30cmx30cm
â˘4-6 mm thickness
â˘Resists fading ,
staining and
discoloration
â˘Finishes include
transparent ,
translucent or frosted
77. RUBBER
â˘2.5 mm thk â domestic use
â˘4 mm thk for heavy traffic use
â˘Best for damp areas â areas surrounds swimming
pools , roof gardens , terraces , bathrooms
â˘Recycled product
â˘Low toxicity compared to PVC OR Vinyl flooring
78.
79. LEATHER
â˘FLOOR TILES ARE IN
FORMAT OF SQUARE .
â˘Wax rubbed for finish
â˘Joints are sealed to
prevent moisture
penetration
Floor tiles bonded to
11mm wooden
backing with tongue
and groove joint
80.
81.
82. VINYL
â˘PVC DOOR FRAME
â˘VINYL OR UNPLASTICIZED
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ALSO
KNOWN AS P.V.C
â˘IS A SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
ORIGINALLY USED AS A
SUBSTITUTE FOR NATURAL
RUBBER
â˘VINYL IS USED AS-
â˘FLOORING
â˘PLUMBING
â˘CEILING
â˘ROOFING
â˘DOORS AND WINDOWS
FRAMEWORK