Sander van Noort
Communication &
recruitment
Sander van Noort
Marijn de Bruin
Data analysis
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
Sander van Noort
This document discusses how big data and digital technologies can help end pandemics through early detection. It explains that early detection of disease outbreaks has improved in recent decades through methods like routine disease reporting, sentinel networks, and digital disease detection tools. However, there is still potential for even earlier detection through participatory epidemiology that harnesses public reporting of health information. The document advocates expanding participatory surveillance globally to help push the boundaries of disease surveillance and enable faster detection of outbreaks worldwide.
This document summarizes a rapid review on whether food service workers are a leading cause of norovirus outbreaks. Key findings include:
- Norovirus causes 65% of foodborne illnesses in Canada, with at least 1 outbreak reported daily. However, many go unreported.
- Approximately 90% of foodborne norovirus outbreaks originate from food preparation settings like restaurants.
- Infectious food workers account for around 70% of outbreaks, often from bare hand contact with ready-to-eat foods.
- Only 1 in 5 food workers who were vomiting or had diarrhea reported staying home from work. Job protection and financial security influence this decision.
- Food preparation policies need to ensure
This document presents information on norovirus and its impact on food service workers. It summarizes that norovirus causes most foodborne illnesses annually and the majority of outbreaks originate from food preparation settings. Infectious food workers account for about 70% of norovirus outbreaks from food. The document also proposes research on whether the number of paid sick days influences a food worker's decision to stay home when sick.
This document discusses using an electronic integrated disease surveillance system (EIDSS) to forecast Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) outbreak risks in Kazakhstan. EIDSS strengthened disease monitoring within a One Health approach. Analysis of human, vector, and laboratory data from 2007-2011 predicted CCHF risk maps for 2013, which accurately forecasted outbreak risks for 88.9% of historically affected districts. The results demonstrate EIDSS is a reliable tool for CCHF prognosis and risk management that can help decision-making and expand statistical surveillance within a systematic One Health framework.
Fast-track the end of AIDS in the EU - practical evidence-based interventions.
Presentation by: Cary James, Terrence Higgins Trust
In a two-day meeting under the auspices of the Maltese Presidency of the Council of the European Union (30-31 January 2017), HIV experts from across the European Union discussed how to reverse this trend and how to prepare Europe to achieve the set target of ending AIDS by 2030.
Measles Mitigation - The Cornerstone of Public Health Practice – At Its BestKim Papich
This document discusses Spokane Regional Health District's response to a measles outbreak in 2015. It summarizes the key activities including confirming two measles cases, notifying over 75 health care providers and 350 exposed individuals, conducting case investigations, utilizing their emergency response plan, maintaining communication through public notifications and media relationships, and implementing control measures with flexibility. Lessons learned highlighted the importance of communication, clarifying roles with partners, and improving data systems for monitoring immunity status.
Previous exposure to natural infection matters, Ulrike Baum - ESCAIDE 2018DRIVE research
Register-based cohort studies to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness.
THL, the National Institute of Finland
Project Funding:
Integrated Monitoring of Vaccines in Europe (I-MOVE+)This project has received funding from the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446.
Development of Robust and Innovative Vaccines Effectiveness (DRIVE)This work has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 777363.This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA.
This document discusses how big data and digital technologies can help end pandemics through early detection. It explains that early detection of disease outbreaks has improved in recent decades through methods like routine disease reporting, sentinel networks, and digital disease detection tools. However, there is still potential for even earlier detection through participatory epidemiology that harnesses public reporting of health information. The document advocates expanding participatory surveillance globally to help push the boundaries of disease surveillance and enable faster detection of outbreaks worldwide.
This document summarizes a rapid review on whether food service workers are a leading cause of norovirus outbreaks. Key findings include:
- Norovirus causes 65% of foodborne illnesses in Canada, with at least 1 outbreak reported daily. However, many go unreported.
- Approximately 90% of foodborne norovirus outbreaks originate from food preparation settings like restaurants.
- Infectious food workers account for around 70% of outbreaks, often from bare hand contact with ready-to-eat foods.
- Only 1 in 5 food workers who were vomiting or had diarrhea reported staying home from work. Job protection and financial security influence this decision.
- Food preparation policies need to ensure
This document presents information on norovirus and its impact on food service workers. It summarizes that norovirus causes most foodborne illnesses annually and the majority of outbreaks originate from food preparation settings. Infectious food workers account for about 70% of norovirus outbreaks from food. The document also proposes research on whether the number of paid sick days influences a food worker's decision to stay home when sick.
This document discusses using an electronic integrated disease surveillance system (EIDSS) to forecast Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) outbreak risks in Kazakhstan. EIDSS strengthened disease monitoring within a One Health approach. Analysis of human, vector, and laboratory data from 2007-2011 predicted CCHF risk maps for 2013, which accurately forecasted outbreak risks for 88.9% of historically affected districts. The results demonstrate EIDSS is a reliable tool for CCHF prognosis and risk management that can help decision-making and expand statistical surveillance within a systematic One Health framework.
Fast-track the end of AIDS in the EU - practical evidence-based interventions.
Presentation by: Cary James, Terrence Higgins Trust
In a two-day meeting under the auspices of the Maltese Presidency of the Council of the European Union (30-31 January 2017), HIV experts from across the European Union discussed how to reverse this trend and how to prepare Europe to achieve the set target of ending AIDS by 2030.
Measles Mitigation - The Cornerstone of Public Health Practice – At Its BestKim Papich
This document discusses Spokane Regional Health District's response to a measles outbreak in 2015. It summarizes the key activities including confirming two measles cases, notifying over 75 health care providers and 350 exposed individuals, conducting case investigations, utilizing their emergency response plan, maintaining communication through public notifications and media relationships, and implementing control measures with flexibility. Lessons learned highlighted the importance of communication, clarifying roles with partners, and improving data systems for monitoring immunity status.
Previous exposure to natural infection matters, Ulrike Baum - ESCAIDE 2018DRIVE research
Register-based cohort studies to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness.
THL, the National Institute of Finland
Project Funding:
Integrated Monitoring of Vaccines in Europe (I-MOVE+)This project has received funding from the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446.
Development of Robust and Innovative Vaccines Effectiveness (DRIVE)This work has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 777363.This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA.
Implementing A Network Of Virology And Entomology Laboratories For A OH Appro...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes the MediLabSecure project, which aims to create a network of virology and entomology laboratories in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions to improve surveillance of vector-borne and respiratory viruses using a One Health approach. The project will enhance preparedness for health emergencies by strengthening laboratory capacity for diseases like West Nile virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, coronaviruses, and their vectors. It will provide training, promote best practices, and facilitate collaboration between 55 laboratories across 19 countries from 2014-2017 with funding from the European Union.
The Eliminate Dengue project, led by researchers at the University of Queensland, received approval to begin field trials in January 2011 to test a new biological approach using Wolbachia bacteria to control dengue fever. The goal is to introduce Wolbachia into mosquito populations to block virus transmission and provide a long-term, self-sustaining solution to the global burden of the mosquito-borne disease. The trials in North Queensland aim to determine how well the method can establish itself in wild mosquito populations.
The document outlines the End TB Strategy developed by the World Health Organization to end the global tuberculosis epidemic. It discusses the burden of TB, progress made, and ongoing challenges. The strategy has three pillars: integrated patient-centered care and prevention, bold policies and supportive systems, and intensified research and innovation. It aims to reduce TB deaths and incidence rates through universal health coverage, new tools, and social protections to reach targets by 2025 and 2035. Progress will be measured using indicators like treatment coverage, success rates, and uptake of new diagnostics.
The document summarizes the UK's response to the COVID-19 pandemic from January to April 2020. It notes that while the UK had been planning for a flu pandemic for over a decade, COVID-19 turned out to be unlike flu. UK scientists initially agreed the risk was low based on WHO statements, but underestimated issues like supply chain logistics and the need for mass testing and lockdowns. The strategy focused on protecting the NHS but not using outside resources. Overall, the UK government and scientists could have done better but were also sticking closely to their long-prepared plans, which inhibited agility as the pandemic evolved in unexpected ways. Nobody expected a virus so deadly to the elderly.
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2 -
1. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology?
2. Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)?
3. John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera:
4. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by immunization against rubella
The document provides an overview of computational epidemiology through three sentences:
It discusses the history and basic concepts of computational epidemiology, from early mathematical models of diseases like smallpox and cholera to modern networked and data-driven approaches. Computational epidemiology uses mathematical and computational methods to study disease transmission and inform public health responses to epidemics. The field aims to attract computing and data scientists to help address open problems through frameworks like graphical dynamical systems.
Understanding zoonotic impacts: the added value from One Health approachesNaomi Marks
This document discusses the benefits of mass vaccination programs for animal diseases that can infect humans (zoonoses).
It first presents data showing that mass vaccinating 25 million livestock animals in Mongolia against brucellosis would provide over $30 million in total societal benefits, including public health benefits, private health benefits, reduced household income loss, and agricultural benefits.
It then uses a mathematical model to show that mass dog vaccination is less costly than human post-exposure prophylaxis for controlling rabies transmission between dogs and humans.
Finally, it references a study that found an approach combining dog and human vaccination for rabies control in N'Djaména to be more cost-effective than human
Ri in ut of puducherry success story of sepio dr.sudha goelSudha Goel
This document summarizes the strategies and activities for strengthening routine immunization in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India. The objectives are to identify every child under 5 years to be immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases, increase coverage of all antigens, and strengthen surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), measles, and adverse events following immunization (AEFI). Activities include microplanning, capacity building, review meetings, information, education and communication, monitoring, and evaluation. The goal is to achieve and maintain high population immunity through routine immunization and effective disease surveillance.
The document summarizes a presentation reviewing the UNMS Influenza Pandemic Guidelines of May 2008. It discusses WHO's recommendations for the post-pandemic period including continued surveillance. It also describes UNHQ's procurement of H1N1 vaccines for field staff between September 2009 and July 2010. The objectives of the presentation were to obtain feedback to revise the pandemic plan and understand lessons learned from implementing the plan in the field.
Dr. Himalaya Singh presented on the End TB Strategy. Tuberculosis (TB) places a heavy burden on the world's poor and vulnerable populations. The Sustainable Development Goals and WHO End TB Strategy aim to reduce TB deaths by 90% and lower the incidence rate by 80% by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. In 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new TB cases worldwide, with over half in men and 11% co-occurring with HIV. The End TB Strategy outlines pillars and principles to reach targets through a multi-sectoral approach focusing on integrated patient-centered care and prevention.
A Conceptual Framework for Conducting and Integrated Vulnerability Assessment...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Presentation at 3rd GRF One Health Summit 2015
Poverty and Health - One Health Approaches for Sustainable Development
Esther Achieng ONYANGO, Griffith University School of Environment: Centre for Environment and Population Health and Environmental Research Futures Institute, Brisbane, Australia
This document discusses using a One Health approach and consensus PCR to develop a new diagnostic paradigm for detecting unknown illnesses. It summarizes work done through the PREDICT project, which used low-tech surveillance methods to safely sample over 56,000 animals across Asia and Africa. This led to the detection of 812 novel and 147 known viruses in animals, and 3 novel and 31 known viruses in humans. The approach aims to preempt disease emergence at its source in a cost-effective manner. It has enhanced field and lab capacities globally and built intersectoral cooperation between governments.
This outbreak investigation identified an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections in Michigan in June-July 1997. Initial calls reported 6 patients infected. Molecular fingerprinting of isolates found they were identical, confirming an outbreak. A case-control study identified alfalfa sprout consumption as the likely source, with an odds ratio of 25. Traceback studies traced the implicated sprouts to contaminated seed lots from Idaho alfalfa fields, possibly due to cattle manure, irrigation water, or deer feces. Further studies cultured implicated sprouts and investigated contamination routes on alfalfa farms.
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance efforts in India, including the IndiaCLEN Invasive Bacterial Infections Surveillance (IBIS) project and Community AMR (CAMR) study. IBIS monitored AMR patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from invasive disease cases and nasopharyngeal swabs. CAMR studied colonizing strains from healthy children. Both found high resistance to co-trimoxazole. Nasopharyngeal samples showed potential for alternative AMR surveillance. The document calls for policies to address emerging penicillin resistance and continue long-term AMR monitoring to guide treatment and evaluate interventions.
The document outlines the basic steps for investigating disease outbreaks. It discusses establishing a team with roles like epidemiologist, microbiologist, and environmental health specialists. The steps of an outbreak investigation include preparing, confirming the outbreak, verifying diagnoses, establishing case definitions, finding cases, descriptive epidemiology, developing and evaluating hypotheses, implementing control measures, and communicating findings. Key factors in investigating outbreaks are determining exposure time, disease onset, and incubation period. Effective communication between team members is also emphasized.
Pestforecast: Surveillance and early warning systems for climate sensitive di...ILRI
Presentation by Hu Suk Lee at the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) annual meeting in Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam, 30 November 2016.
Alerta Dengue is a nowcasting system that uses data from Twitter, epidemiological monitoring, meteorology, and entomological monitoring to provide surveillance of dengue fever in Brazil. It analyzes the number of tweets about dengue, official dengue case numbers, temperature data, and mosquito ovitrap data to assign alert levels - green for low risk, yellow for dengue season, orange for active transmission, and red for an epidemic. The system provides weekly reports and maps to track dengue activity and issue alerts.
Haroldo lopes datasus - Informações em Saúde: história, uso e desafiosFlávio Codeço Coelho
The document summarizes the history and development of Brazil's national health information system. It outlines key events like the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in 1990 and the Department of Information Technology of SUS (DATASUS) in 1994. A timeline shows major health databases and systems being established over time from the 1970s to the present. The document also describes how different groups like health managers and educational institutions use information for purposes like strategic planning, epidemiological surveillance, and analyzing health status. It outlines the various health information systems and tools that provide data to support management and decision making in Brazil's public health system.
Implementing A Network Of Virology And Entomology Laboratories For A OH Appro...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes the MediLabSecure project, which aims to create a network of virology and entomology laboratories in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions to improve surveillance of vector-borne and respiratory viruses using a One Health approach. The project will enhance preparedness for health emergencies by strengthening laboratory capacity for diseases like West Nile virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, coronaviruses, and their vectors. It will provide training, promote best practices, and facilitate collaboration between 55 laboratories across 19 countries from 2014-2017 with funding from the European Union.
The Eliminate Dengue project, led by researchers at the University of Queensland, received approval to begin field trials in January 2011 to test a new biological approach using Wolbachia bacteria to control dengue fever. The goal is to introduce Wolbachia into mosquito populations to block virus transmission and provide a long-term, self-sustaining solution to the global burden of the mosquito-borne disease. The trials in North Queensland aim to determine how well the method can establish itself in wild mosquito populations.
The document outlines the End TB Strategy developed by the World Health Organization to end the global tuberculosis epidemic. It discusses the burden of TB, progress made, and ongoing challenges. The strategy has three pillars: integrated patient-centered care and prevention, bold policies and supportive systems, and intensified research and innovation. It aims to reduce TB deaths and incidence rates through universal health coverage, new tools, and social protections to reach targets by 2025 and 2035. Progress will be measured using indicators like treatment coverage, success rates, and uptake of new diagnostics.
The document summarizes the UK's response to the COVID-19 pandemic from January to April 2020. It notes that while the UK had been planning for a flu pandemic for over a decade, COVID-19 turned out to be unlike flu. UK scientists initially agreed the risk was low based on WHO statements, but underestimated issues like supply chain logistics and the need for mass testing and lockdowns. The strategy focused on protecting the NHS but not using outside resources. Overall, the UK government and scientists could have done better but were also sticking closely to their long-prepared plans, which inhibited agility as the pandemic evolved in unexpected ways. Nobody expected a virus so deadly to the elderly.
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2 -
1. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology?
2. Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)?
3. John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera:
4. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by immunization against rubella
The document provides an overview of computational epidemiology through three sentences:
It discusses the history and basic concepts of computational epidemiology, from early mathematical models of diseases like smallpox and cholera to modern networked and data-driven approaches. Computational epidemiology uses mathematical and computational methods to study disease transmission and inform public health responses to epidemics. The field aims to attract computing and data scientists to help address open problems through frameworks like graphical dynamical systems.
Understanding zoonotic impacts: the added value from One Health approachesNaomi Marks
This document discusses the benefits of mass vaccination programs for animal diseases that can infect humans (zoonoses).
It first presents data showing that mass vaccinating 25 million livestock animals in Mongolia against brucellosis would provide over $30 million in total societal benefits, including public health benefits, private health benefits, reduced household income loss, and agricultural benefits.
It then uses a mathematical model to show that mass dog vaccination is less costly than human post-exposure prophylaxis for controlling rabies transmission between dogs and humans.
Finally, it references a study that found an approach combining dog and human vaccination for rabies control in N'Djaména to be more cost-effective than human
Ri in ut of puducherry success story of sepio dr.sudha goelSudha Goel
This document summarizes the strategies and activities for strengthening routine immunization in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India. The objectives are to identify every child under 5 years to be immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases, increase coverage of all antigens, and strengthen surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), measles, and adverse events following immunization (AEFI). Activities include microplanning, capacity building, review meetings, information, education and communication, monitoring, and evaluation. The goal is to achieve and maintain high population immunity through routine immunization and effective disease surveillance.
The document summarizes a presentation reviewing the UNMS Influenza Pandemic Guidelines of May 2008. It discusses WHO's recommendations for the post-pandemic period including continued surveillance. It also describes UNHQ's procurement of H1N1 vaccines for field staff between September 2009 and July 2010. The objectives of the presentation were to obtain feedback to revise the pandemic plan and understand lessons learned from implementing the plan in the field.
Dr. Himalaya Singh presented on the End TB Strategy. Tuberculosis (TB) places a heavy burden on the world's poor and vulnerable populations. The Sustainable Development Goals and WHO End TB Strategy aim to reduce TB deaths by 90% and lower the incidence rate by 80% by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. In 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new TB cases worldwide, with over half in men and 11% co-occurring with HIV. The End TB Strategy outlines pillars and principles to reach targets through a multi-sectoral approach focusing on integrated patient-centered care and prevention.
A Conceptual Framework for Conducting and Integrated Vulnerability Assessment...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Presentation at 3rd GRF One Health Summit 2015
Poverty and Health - One Health Approaches for Sustainable Development
Esther Achieng ONYANGO, Griffith University School of Environment: Centre for Environment and Population Health and Environmental Research Futures Institute, Brisbane, Australia
This document discusses using a One Health approach and consensus PCR to develop a new diagnostic paradigm for detecting unknown illnesses. It summarizes work done through the PREDICT project, which used low-tech surveillance methods to safely sample over 56,000 animals across Asia and Africa. This led to the detection of 812 novel and 147 known viruses in animals, and 3 novel and 31 known viruses in humans. The approach aims to preempt disease emergence at its source in a cost-effective manner. It has enhanced field and lab capacities globally and built intersectoral cooperation between governments.
This outbreak investigation identified an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections in Michigan in June-July 1997. Initial calls reported 6 patients infected. Molecular fingerprinting of isolates found they were identical, confirming an outbreak. A case-control study identified alfalfa sprout consumption as the likely source, with an odds ratio of 25. Traceback studies traced the implicated sprouts to contaminated seed lots from Idaho alfalfa fields, possibly due to cattle manure, irrigation water, or deer feces. Further studies cultured implicated sprouts and investigated contamination routes on alfalfa farms.
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance efforts in India, including the IndiaCLEN Invasive Bacterial Infections Surveillance (IBIS) project and Community AMR (CAMR) study. IBIS monitored AMR patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae from invasive disease cases and nasopharyngeal swabs. CAMR studied colonizing strains from healthy children. Both found high resistance to co-trimoxazole. Nasopharyngeal samples showed potential for alternative AMR surveillance. The document calls for policies to address emerging penicillin resistance and continue long-term AMR monitoring to guide treatment and evaluate interventions.
The document outlines the basic steps for investigating disease outbreaks. It discusses establishing a team with roles like epidemiologist, microbiologist, and environmental health specialists. The steps of an outbreak investigation include preparing, confirming the outbreak, verifying diagnoses, establishing case definitions, finding cases, descriptive epidemiology, developing and evaluating hypotheses, implementing control measures, and communicating findings. Key factors in investigating outbreaks are determining exposure time, disease onset, and incubation period. Effective communication between team members is also emphasized.
Pestforecast: Surveillance and early warning systems for climate sensitive di...ILRI
Presentation by Hu Suk Lee at the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) annual meeting in Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam, 30 November 2016.
Alerta Dengue is a nowcasting system that uses data from Twitter, epidemiological monitoring, meteorology, and entomological monitoring to provide surveillance of dengue fever in Brazil. It analyzes the number of tweets about dengue, official dengue case numbers, temperature data, and mosquito ovitrap data to assign alert levels - green for low risk, yellow for dengue season, orange for active transmission, and red for an epidemic. The system provides weekly reports and maps to track dengue activity and issue alerts.
Haroldo lopes datasus - Informações em Saúde: história, uso e desafiosFlávio Codeço Coelho
The document summarizes the history and development of Brazil's national health information system. It outlines key events like the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in 1990 and the Department of Information Technology of SUS (DATASUS) in 1994. A timeline shows major health databases and systems being established over time from the 1970s to the present. The document also describes how different groups like health managers and educational institutions use information for purposes like strategic planning, epidemiological surveillance, and analyzing health status. It outlines the various health information systems and tools that provide data to support management and decision making in Brazil's public health system.
The document summarizes several mathematical models of disease transmission dynamics, both with and without interventions. It presents models for transmission intensity and proportion infected under different scenarios. Figures show model outputs like the relationship between transmission intensity and proportion infected, as well as the impact of challenge dose and susceptibility on infection levels. The document cites several references and includes a map showing disease data from communities around the world.
Sander van noort: Influenzanet: self-reporting of influenza-like illness in c...Flávio Codeço Coelho
The document describes Influenzanet, a system for monitoring influenza-like illness (ILI) through voluntary self-reporting by participants. It discusses how Influenzanet collects data through intake and weekly questionnaires, and has expanded to include many European countries as well as Australia, Mexico, Brazil and the US. The document compares Influenzanet to other ILI surveillance systems like sentinel physician networks and Google Flu Trends, and discusses various biases that can affect different systems like age or health-seeking behavior biases. It also demonstrates how Influenzanet establishes ILI baselines and allows for real-time epidemic monitoring and detection.
Mauricio barreto:Big data: how can it help to expand epidemiological investig...Flávio Codeço Coelho
[1] O documento discute como os grandes dados podem ajudar a expandir as investigações epidemiológicas, especificamente estudos avaliativos.
[2] Grandes bancos de dados oferecem novas possibilidades para realizar estudos populacionais em larga escala com alta generalizabilidade.
[3] No entanto, é necessário desenvolver expertise, métodos novos, assegurar alta qualidade dos dados e confidencialidade para que os grandes dados realmente ajudem a melhorar a saúde da população.
Claudia medina: Linking Health Records for Population Health Research in Brazil.Flávio Codeço Coelho
The document discusses record linkage, which is the process of identifying and merging records from different databases that refer to the same individual. It describes common record linkage approaches used in Brazil's health sector, including probabilistic and deterministic methods. It also evaluates the accuracy of applying a probabilistic record linkage strategy to identify deaths among AIDS cases reported to Brazil's surveillance database, finding a sensitivity of 87.6% and specificity of 99.6%. Finally, it discusses the potential impact of linkage errors on risk ratio estimates in longitudinal mortality studies.
This document discusses disease surveillance networks and provides examples. It begins by defining key concepts like surveillance, emerging diseases, and networks. It then provides examples of successful surveillance networks, including SISEA/Pasteur in Southeast Asia, the Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance network, and tuberculosis surveillance. These networks improved disease detection and response through established nodes, standardized reporting procedures, and capacity building. The document concludes that interconnected surveillance networks can enhance sensitivity and specificity of disease detection compared to isolated efforts.
Epidemic diseases are spread by insects passing on microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa when they feed or bite. Mosquitoes in particular spread serious epidemic diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, African sleeping sickness, and West Nile virus. Malaria is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, spread by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito between dusk and dawn across over 100 countries. Yellow fever is also spread by mosquitoes and causes varied symptoms with most improving after a few days but some experiencing liver and kidney failure. Vaccines exist for these diseases but are not always accessible in developing areas.
Tweeting fever can twitter be used to Monitor the Incidence of Dengue-Like Il...Muhammad Habibi
This document summarizes a study that investigated whether Twitter could be used as a data source for monitoring dengue-like illness in the Philippines. The study found that a small number of tweets mentioning dengue-like illness in individuals could be identified from Twitter data. More importantly, the temporal distribution of these "dengue-like" tweets was similar to reported cases of dengue-like illness in the same region, suggesting Twitter could provide a valid data source for monitoring trends in dengue incidence. With further development, tweets could potentially be incorporated into an electronic disease surveillance system to provide timely monitoring of outbreaks.
EPIDEMIOLOGY- Revised (1) (1) Spring 2023(1).pptxJanieRamirez1
This document provides an overview of epidemiology and its role in community health nursing. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in populations and the application of that study to disease control. Key aspects covered include the conceptual frameworks of epidemiology like the epidemiologic triad; modes of disease transmission; defense mechanisms like herd immunity; the origins and early contributors to epidemiology like John Snow; and epidemiologic models. Community health nurses use epidemiologic principles and data to understand disease factors, develop prevention programs, and evaluate health services.
The document summarizes the SARS outbreak from late 2002 to mid-2003 from global public health and communication perspectives. It chronicles the major events of the SARS outbreak, from the first cases in China to its spread worldwide and eventual containment. It discusses lessons learned, including the need for prompt travel guidance, the importance of public health, risk communication strategies, and transparency from governments. The role of factors like the media, technology, and intelligence in public health emergencies is also examined.
Travel-related infectious diseases on the rise
International travel has an important role in the transmission of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across geographical areas.
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics.
In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries.
It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment.
As many as 43%–79% of travelers to low- and middle-income countries become ill with a travel-related health problem.
Although most of these illnesses are mild, some travelers become sick enough to seek care from a health care provider.
This document summarizes Gunther Eysenbach's research on using social media data for public health surveillance and analysis during pandemics. It discusses how analyzing trends in health-related searches and social media posts in real-time can provide insights into information spread and behaviors. During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, Eysenbach's team analyzed tweets and found correlations between topics discussed and events. Their analysis revealed trends in terminology usage, sentiment, questions asked and experiences shared. The research demonstrates the potential of social media for public health monitoring and identifying areas needing health communication improvement.
steps in epidemic investigation
Prepare for field work
Confirm the existence of an outbreak
Verify the diagnosis and determine the etiology of the disease.
Define the population at risk
Develop case definition, start case finding, and collect information on the cases(after choosing study design)
Describe person, place and time (by questionnaire)
Evaluation of ecological factors
Formulate several possible hypothesis hypotheses.
Test hypotheses using analytical study
Refine hypotheses and carry out additional studies
Draw conclusions to explain the causes or determinants of outbreak based on clinical, laboratory, epidemiological & environmental evidence
Report and recommend appropriate control measures to concerned authorities at the local/national, and if appropriate at international levels
Communication of the findings
Follow up of the recommendation to assure implementation of control measures
This document provides an overview of epidemiology and its core functions. It defines epidemiology as the study of health-related states and events in populations. The historical evolution of epidemiology is traced from Hippocrates to modern pioneers like John Snow. Core epidemiology functions include public health surveillance, field investigations, analytic studies, evaluation, and policy development. Surveillance involves ongoing collection and analysis of health data to guide action. Field investigations characterize the extent of health issues. Analytic studies use comparison groups and rigorous methods to evaluate hypotheses generated from surveillance and investigations.
This document provides an introduction to epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. It discusses key epidemiological concepts such as disease frequency, distribution, and determinants. It also covers epidemiological study designs, measures of disease occurrence such as rates, ratios and proportions, and how epidemiology compares groups to identify risk factors and test hypotheses about disease causation.
This document provides an introduction to epidemiology. It defines key epidemiological concepts like disease, health, and what epidemiology studies. Epidemiology examines the distribution and determinants of disease in populations. It describes who gets sick and why by studying both sick and healthy individuals. The document outlines John Snow's study of a cholera outbreak in London and how he used epidemiological methods to determine the water source was the cause. Descriptive epidemiology examines person, place and time factors to describe disease patterns, while analytical epidemiology tests hypotheses about causes using exposures and effects. The epidemiological triangle of host, agent, and environment is also introduced to frame the study of disease causation.
emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseasesAnil kumar
this presentation in about emerging and re-emerging vector borne diseases and their spatial spread with reference to time, surveillance, monitoring and management program and other difficulties and suggestions for program
Contagious diseases have been a global issue throughout history. Various organizations monitor disease outbreaks and work to prevent epidemics. While the media can help spread awareness, their coverage of disease is sometimes exaggerated. Proper surveillance of known and unknown diseases is important for public health efforts. Vaccines have largely helped control diseases, but some choose not to vaccinate due to personal beliefs. Coordinated efforts between health and government agencies are needed to improve disease surveillance and response.
This document discusses how information technology can help address pandemics of influenza, AIDS, and heart disease. It describes how influenza and HIV/AIDS spread, and notes the challenges of developing vaccines for rapidly mutating influenza strains and the complex life cycle of HIV. The document also discusses how public health organizations use information technology to monitor disease outbreaks, ensure data security, and educate the public on prevention and risks. Overall, the document advocates that information technology and public health resources can help reduce rates of these potentially fatal diseases.
This document outlines the educational objectives and content for a lecture on epidemiology. The objectives are to define key epidemiology terms, discuss the functions and modes of epidemiologic investigation, and identify sources of data and potential sources of error. The content includes definitions of epidemiology and related terms, the main functions of epidemiology, descriptive and analytic modes of investigation, how surveillance system data is applied through outbreak investigation, and sources of epidemiological data and potential sources of error.
Week 4: Week 4 - Epidemiology—Introduction
Epidemiology—Introduction
The study of epidemics is epidemiology. Its primary focus is on the distribution and causes of disease in populations. Epidemiology involves developing and testing ways to prevent and control disease by studying its origin, spread, and vulnerabilities.
As a discipline, epidemiologic research addresses a variety of health-related questions of societal importance. Epidemiologic research methods are used by clinical investigators and scientists who conduct observational and experimental research on the prevention and treatment of disease.
The Cholera epidemic, a case from the 19th century, was enabled by the global movement of people. Having appeared in India in 1817, it spread throughout Asia and the Middle East within a decade. It was reported in Moscow in 1830 and then spread to Warsaw, Hamburg, Berlin, and London in 1831 (Snow, 1855, 2002). When it crossed the Atlantic to reach North America, Cholera gained the notoriety of the first truly global disease.
The modern day world is dominated by free trade and rapid transportation. An unprecedented rate of global interchange of food, consumer products, and organisms—including humans—is occurring. The threat of pandemics in the 21st century has heightened the importance of epidemiology at national and international levels.
Although diseases such as Influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), West Nile Virus, Salmonella, are commonly recognized as epidemics, as they cause large scale disruption of health in populations. The field of epidemiology also addresses epidemics of obesity (Ogden et al., 2007), diabetes (Zimmet, 2001), mental health (Insel & Fenton, 2005), and any other disease that may cause large scale disruption of health in populations.
In general, there are ten stages to an outbreak investigation:
1. Investigation preparation
2. Outbreak confirmation
3. Case definition
4. Case identification
5. Descriptive epidemiology
6. Hypothesis generation
7. Hypothesis evaluation
8. Environmental studies
9. Control measures
10. Information dissemination
Investigation preparation requires a health crisis manager to identify a team of professionals who will lead the outbreak investigation, review the scientific literature, and notify local, state, and national organizations of the potential outbreak.
Outbreak confirmation requires actual laboratory confirmation of the disease, which may involve the collection of blood, urine, and stool samples from ill people and performing bacteriologic, virologic, or parasitic testing of those samples.
Case definition is the process by which we establish a set of standard criteria to determine who is and is not infected with respect to a specific outbreak; that is, a protocol is developed to determine case patients.
Case identification requires the health crisis manager and team of professionals to conduct a systematic and organize.
Pandemic Flu Health Information and Work Flow Project - Sunil Nair Health Inf...Sunil Nair
The document summarizes Nova Scotia's pandemic influenza plan. The plan outlines the key players and flow of information in responding to an influenza pandemic. It also discusses problems with the current plan such as a lack of testing and clear roles/responsibilities. The role of health informatics professionals is seen as significant in connecting systems, sharing high-value data, and supporting surveillance, policymaking and project management.
The document discusses the Rockwall County Cities Readiness Initiative and its efforts around pandemic preparedness. It outlines the purpose of establishing point of dispensing (POD) sites to rapidly distribute medications and vaccines. It also discusses POD site exercises that were conducted, volunteer roles at POD sites, and educational resources for the public around staying healthy.
Similar to Carl koppeschaar: Disease Radar: Measuring and Forecasting the Spread of Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses (20)
O documento descreve um projeto chamado Alerta Dengue que fornece alertas semanais sobre a situação da dengue em nível municipal utilizando dados híbridos de redes sociais, monitoramento entomológico, epidemiológico e climático. O projeto combina esses dados para gerar níveis de alerta que orientam as ações de controle vetorial e vigilância epidemiológica.
This document describes a model for estimating the attack ratio of dengue epidemics using aggregated case notification data from Brazil. It discusses how dengue is a seasonal, multi-strain disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Environmental factors like temperature and rainfall influence mosquito population dynamics. A single-strain SIR model is used with a time-varying force of infection derived from estimates of the effective reproductive number. A Bayesian approach is taken to estimate the initial susceptible population from notification data in order to parameterize the model.
Este documento descreve um sistema de alerta precoce para surtos de dengue que utiliza dados de redes sociais, monitoramento entomológico, epidemiológico e climático. O sistema calcula indicadores como o número reprodutivo efetivo para detectar aumentos sustentados de casos e menções à dengue nas redes sociais. O sistema gera cores de alerta (verde, amarelo, laranja, vermelho) com base nesses indicadores e na temperatura para fornecer alertas rápidos sobre o risco de dengue.
Este documento descreve o Sistema de Alerta de Dengue no Rio de Janeiro, que fornece alertas semanais sobre o risco de dengue em nível municipal usando dados híbridos de redes sociais, monitoramento entomológico, epidemiológico e climático. O sistema tem quatro níveis de alerta com recomendações de ações correspondentes e fornece alertas adaptativos com base em modelos estatísticos que consideram variáveis como casos, densidade vetorial, temperatura e publicações no Twitter sobre dengue.
Sistema de Alerta de Dengue Utilizando Dados Hbridos de Redes Sociais, Moni...Flávio Codeço Coelho
1. O Projeto Alerta Dengue utiliza dados híbridos como casos de dengue, densidade vetorial, clima e redes sociais para fornecer alertas semanais sobre a situação da dengue em nível municipal.
2. Os alertas são baseados em componentes como o número reprodutivo da doença, distribuição espacial de casos e condições climáticas favoráveis à transmissão.
3. O sistema fornece diferentes níveis de alerta de acordo com fatores como a taxa de transmissão e incidência da dengue para orientar as ações de cont
Alerta dengue: Sistema de alertas de surtos usando dados híbridosFlávio Codeço Coelho
O documento descreve um sistema de alerta de surtos de dengue em tempo real utilizando dados híbridos de redes sociais, monitoramento entomológico, epidemiológico e climático. O sistema gera alertas semanais de risco de dengue em 4 níveis com base em métricas como taxa de transmissão, temperatura e casos notificados. Ele integra e analisa múltiplos fluxos de dados para fornecer previsões e informações detalhadas para controle da dengue.
Fabricio Silva: Cloud Computing Technologies for Genomic Big Data AnalysisFlávio Codeço Coelho
This document discusses the use of cloud computing technologies for genomic big data analysis. It begins by defining big data and describing the exponential growth of genomic data. It then discusses how cloud computing provides flexibility, scalability, and accessibility for genomic data processing through virtualization and large computing clusters. Specific technologies enabled for the cloud that help with genomic analysis are described, such as Hadoop, MapReduce, and genomic analysis tools adapted for these frameworks. The document concludes by discussing challenges remaining around data transfer speeds and the need for cloud application expertise, but also describes how platforms like Galaxy Cloudman and Cloudgene allow genomic analysis in the cloud without programming expertise.
Gabriel laporta: Biodiversity can help prevent malaria outbreaks in tropical ...Flávio Codeço Coelho
1. The study examined how biodiversity may prevent malaria outbreaks in tropical forests through two mechanisms: the dilution effect of wild animals acting as dead-end hosts for Plasmodium parasites, and diffuse competition among mosquito vectors and non-vectors for blood meals.
2. Models based on the Ross-Macdonald framework and incorporating biodiversity factors were developed and parameterized using field and literature data from a Brazilian forest where the main malaria vector is present but no cases have been reported since 1980.
3. The standard Ross-Macdonald model predicted malaria outbreaks should occur (R0 > 1), but the biodiversity-incorporated model matched the observed absence of transmission (R0 < 1),
This document summarizes big data in the life sciences sector and its strategic importance for stakeholders such as pharmaceutical and medical device companies. It discusses how capturing, storing, managing data flows and analyzing large amounts of information affects all aspects of organizations, particularly the discovery and research & development stages. Implementing a strategic shift towards big data approaches requires support from senior management and organization-wide implementation. Areas that can benefit include genomics, clinical research, epidemiology, public health, and understanding product effectiveness and health outcomes. Managing data generated across the entire value chain, from discovery to real-world use, has become vastly more challenging due to increasing data volumes.
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The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) is the main provider of statistical and cartographic data in Brazil. IBGE collects demographic, economic, and health data through national surveys. Some key health surveys conducted by IBGE include the National Household Sample Survey, which includes a health supplement, the Youth National Health Survey, and the National Health Survey. IBGE disseminates this data through publications, databases, and its website to inform policymaking and understanding of Brazil's population and economy.
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2) Federal Law no 12.527/2011 regulates the right of access to public information and provides that the government must efficiently manage documents and make knowledge and consultation available to all, with only secret or personal information being restricted.
3) Resolution no 466/2012 regulates research involving human subjects and reaffirms the confidentiality of personal data, only exceptionally authorizing access without consent after review by an ethics committee.
This document summarizes a project to mine and analyze over 1.3 million legal texts from the Brazilian Supreme Court. It involved web scraping the documents, parsing the HTML, storing the data in MySQL and MongoDB databases, applying natural language processing and pattern matching techniques, and visualizing the results using tools like Matplotlib, Ubigraph and Gource. The goal was to better understand the information and relationships within the large corpus of legal texts.
This document discusses causal Bayesian networks. It begins by introducing basic graph theory concepts like vertices, edges, directed and undirected graphs. It then explains that Bayesian networks are a type of directed acyclic graph that can be used to represent conditional independence relationships between variables. The document outlines some key properties and theorems regarding causal Bayesian networks, such as d-separation and the Markov condition. It also discusses how causal Bayesian networks can be used for inference and representing the effects of interventions.
1. O documento introduz o Epigrass, uma plataforma de modelagem orientada a objetos para modelar dinamicamente populações espacialmente estruturadas.
2. O Epigrass permite aumentar a complexidade dos modelos sem um aumento exponencial do esforço, incorporando conceitos de teoria de grafos e redes.
3. O documento descreve as características e funcionalidades atuais do Epigrass, como a especificação e parametrização de modelos, visualização de resultados e futuras melhorias planejadas.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.
220711130088 Sumi Basak Virtual University EPC 3.pptx
Carl koppeschaar: Disease Radar: Measuring and Forecasting the Spread of Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses
1. One Lunar Health
One Lunar Health
Carl Koppeschaar
BDPH 56, Moon City, 25 October 2069
2. Energy crisis
•
•
•
•
Needed in 2080/90: 98 TW energy
Available: 90 TW
Possible end of industrial development
Solution: extraterrestrial energy source
22. One Alien Health …
There might be zillions of
viruses and other pathogens
out there!
23. Disease Radar: self-reported participatory surveillance for influenza
and other diseases.
Carl Koppeschaar
Big Data and Public Health, Rio de Janeiro – October 25, 2013
25. Project to raise the public
awareness on flu
Interactive and participatory combination of
science and communication informing the
general audience on influenza
Inviting people to become ‘flu-reporters’,
filling in their health status voluntarily every
week in order to help researchers in finding
more information on the spread of the
influenza virus
27. How to keep participants ?
Weekly newsletters with the latest ‘flu news’
Informative website: offering ‘flu news’, ‘flu games’,
background information, expert interviews, free
educational material at all levels for downloading, etc.
Focus on different target groups: laymen, press, school
children and their teachers, families, and to a smaller
extent, professional health care workers
Communicate results: participants help scientists
Reliable and easily accessible information: expert
proven information, maps and graphs
28.
29. Fast and simple survey
Single intake
questionnaire:
Postal code
Age
Weekly newsletter
+ personal
symptom’s
questionnaire:
Symptoms
Smoker
−
Cough
Transportation
−
Fever
Vaccine
−
Sneezing
Allergy
−
Muscle pain
−
...
…
…
Start of symptoms
GP consultation
37. Risk groups in smoking, chronic diseases, but
not in terms of transport means!
Significantly more ILI in:
• children: OR = 1.8 [1.7-2.0]
• parents: OR = 1.4 [1.4-1.5]
43. Bias in GP’s reporting (1)
Visits many days after start of illness
44. Bias in GP’s reporting (2)
Seniors more often visit their GP
45. Bias in GP’s reporting (3)
Changes in visits to GP due to media
reporting (2009 pandemic)
46. Faster than GP’s sentinel posts
The Netherlands: on average more than 2 weeks
A country like the US would
need at least 400,000
participants to obtain similar
results!
How many subgroups of the
population do we need to
obtain reliable results?
47. What can still be improved?
1. Number of participants
2. Daily reporting
3. Children
Number of
participants
per country
Number of participants
48. Italy: Low reliability at
0.002% of the population
Daily reporting
1. Number of participants
2.
3. Children
Number of participants
49. Netherlands and Belgium: e-mail reminders
+ news letters sent out through the week
Number of participants
51. From west to east and from south to north
Paget WJ, Marquet R, Meijer A, Van der Velden J: Influenza activity in Europe during eight seasons (1999-2007): an
evaluation of the indicators used to measure activity and an assessment to the timing, lenght and course of peak
activity (spread) across Europe. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2007; 7: 141.
52. What is the true role of transportation?
Khan, Arino, Hu, Raposo, Sears,
Calderon, et al.: Spread of a novel
influenza A (H1N1) virus via global
airline transportation. N. Engl. J.
Med. 361(2): 212–4. 2009.
Van den Broeck, Gioannini, Gonçalves, Quaggiotto, Colizza, Vespignani: The
GLEaMviz computational tool, a publicly available software to explore realistic epidemic
spreading scenarios at the global scale. BMC Infect. Dis. 11:37. 2011.
Sander van Noort, De Grote Griepmeting/Gripenet
53. How does seasonal flu spread?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nursery school (crèche, Kindergarten)
Brothers and sisters => primary schools
Mothers (traditional role)
Fathers (commuters)
Sander van Noort
54. Seasonal flu as a winter disease
Lipid ordering may contribute to viral stability at lower
temperatures which is critical for airborne transmission
Sander van Noort
Flu viruses survive longer and are more easily transmitted
when humidity levels are low
56. Do Earth’s seasons cause a
“flu conveyor belt”?
Rambaut, Pybus, Nelson, Viboud, Taubenberger, Holmes:The genomic and
epidemiological dynamics of human influenza A virus. Nature 453 (7195):
615–9. 2008.
Bahl, Nelson, Chan, et al. Temporally structured
metapopulation dynamics and persistence of influenza
A H3N2 virus in humans. Proc Natl. Acad Sci. USA
108(48):19359–64. 2011.
57. Data on tropical influenza remain scarce!
• Influenza is quite likely to be
under-reported in the tropics
because there are so many
other more serious diseases.
• Flu is often being mistaken for
malaria in the tropics.
• Assumptions about the low
impact of flu in the tropics
may also be due to outbreaks
which happen at
unpredictable and irregular
intervals.
• In most tropical countries
collecting data is not easy.
Cécile Viboud, Wladimir J. Alonso,
Lone Simonsen: Influenza in Tropical
Regions. PLoS Medicine, March 7,
2006.
61. “A multidisciplinary research effort aimed at developing the
appropriate framework of tools and knowledge needed for
the design of epidemic forecast infrastructures to be used
by epidemiologists and public health scientists.”
70. Where to focus next?
• Contact paterns
Mobile apps, Facebook, Twitter
• Swabs for virology
Sweden, Belgium 2012
• Survey: social and societal impacts of outbreaks of re-emerging
infectious diseases (proposal phase)
• Cooperation with non-European countries
VS (Flu Near You), Australia (Flu Tracking)… Central America, Brasil,
Asia, India, Africa
• One Health approach
Human (infectious) diseases, slow epidemics, zoonoses
73. International conferences
Digital Disease Detection I, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, USA
International Workshop on Participatory Surveillance I,
San Francisco, USA
Prince Mahidol Award Conference 2013, Bangkok,
Thailand
4th International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and
Surveillance - IMED 2013, Vienna, Austria
International Workshop on Participatory Surveillance II,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
WWW 2013 - Participatory Health in the Digital Age, Rio
de Janeiro, Brasil
International Workshop on Digital Epidemiology, Torino,
Italy
EPIHACK, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Digital Disease Detection II, San Francisco, USA
Big Data and Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
74. International Workshop on
Participatory Surveillance, July 2012
Larry
Brilliant
“I am thrilled! I’m
witnessing the
birth of a new
science.
I foresee a whole
new magazine,
on self-reported
participatory
surveillance."
75. 2nd International Participatory
2nd International Workshop onWorkshop
Surveillance (IWOPS 2), Amsterdam, April 2013
on Participatory Surveillance
Influenzanet (EU) – Flu AMSTERDAM, 15-17 APRIL 2013
Near You (USA) – Flutracking (Australia)
82. GLM- Real Time Monitoring of
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Week 1 2013
Week 2 2013
Week 3 2013
Week 4 2013
83. GLM : Goals
Scientific goals:
• Early detection of abnormal repiratory infectious “outbreaks”
• Measuring the impact of CAP in the Dutch population
• Exploring seasonal influences on infectious respiratory disease
• Exploring effect of pneumococcal vaccination on disease impact
Public information goal:
• Informing patients and health care workers on infectious respiratory disease
84. GLM - Figures
•
24 Months online
• 1,724 unique participants
• 35 % female, 65% male
• Mean age 66 yrs (SD 17)
• 13,000 measurements
85. GLM – Take home messages
• Real time monitoring system for Community Acquired Pneumonia
• Possible tool for early detection of legionella and Q-fever
• Scientific analyses in progress: Publication of 1st results Dec. 2013
More info (Dutch): www.degrotelongontstekingmeting.nl
86. GLM - Team
Carl Koppeschaar
Science & content
Antwan Wiersma
Webmaster &
technical support
Ronald
Smallenburg
Finance &
organisation
Dirk-Jan Enklaar
Analyses & reports
Advisory Board: Prof. Dr. Marc J.M. Bonten, Dr. Menno M. van der Eerden, Prof.dr. Jan C. Grutters, Dr.
René E. Jonkers, Prof. Dr. Mattijs E. Numans, Prof. Dr. Jan M. Prins, Prof. Dr. Theo M.J. Verheij
87.
88. “Disease radar”
(Infectious) diseases & behaviour
1. Self diagnosis
2. Surveillance of pertussis and mumps
(waning immunities), Lyme, hay
fever, norovirus, Q fever, etc.
3. Stress related to labor, slow
epidemics (obesity)
4. Medication and side effects
89. Real time
maps
Prediagnostic
tool
(in close cooperation
with the Dutch
College of General
Practitioners (NHG)
Lifestyle
Test yourself
Medical
encyclopedia
Mobile app
Discussion
forum
Top ten of
health issues
90. Also includes zoonoses
Over 60% of human
pathogens originate
from animals: influenza
virus H5N1, H3N7,
anthrax, SARS, HIV,
leptospirosis, rabies,
Lyme, Nipah virus,
dengue, malaria,
hantavirus, MERS
coronavirus, …
92. With our Disease Radar we want to build an
Online Health Community
Robust system
Integrated:
• Participatory
National institute for Public Health
• Real time
Community Health Services
• Geographic information
College of General Practitioners
• Integrated
Ministry of Health
• Threat verification
ProMed, HealthMap, CORDS
• Early signal detection
CDC, ECDC, WHO, FAO
95. Threat verification (3)
Q fever in the Netherlands
Retrospective analysis of hospital discharge data [van den Wijngaard et al.
2011 Epi. & Inf.] showed several plausible Q-fever clusters preceding the
recognised beginning of the outbreak in 2007, 2006 and even in 2005,
suggesting that had real-time syndromic surveillance been in place, the Qfever clusters could have been detected up to two years earlier.
> 4,000 sick
19 fatal
> 800 chronic
98. Sustainability
Disease Radar could have been in operation more than a
year ago should we have had the proper funding!
• Government
Economic crisis
• Pharmaceutical companies
Less money available for PR
• Advertising
Small money
• Grants
Zoosurv in the Netherlands?
• Health insurance companies
Millions of insured persons
• Foundations
These could help a lot
99. References
R.L. Marquet, A.I.M. Bartelds, S.P. van Noort, C.E. Koppeschaar, J. Paget, F.G. Schellevis, J. van
der Zee: Internet-based monitoring of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the general population of
the Netherlands during influenza seasons 2003-2004, BMC Public Health 2006, 6:242.
S.P. van Noort, M. Muehlen, H. Rebelo de Andrade, C. Koppeschaar, J.M. Lima Lourenço,
M.G.M. Gomes: Gripenet: an internet-based system to monitor influenza-like illness
uniformly across Europe, Eurosurveillance, Volume 12, Issue 7-8, July/August, 2007.
IHM Friesema, CE Koppeschaar, GA Donker, F Dijkstra, SP van Noort, R Smallenburg, W van
der Hoek, MAB van der Sande: Internet-based monitoring of influenza-like illness in the
general population: experience of five influenza seasons in the Netherlands, Vaccine,
Volume 27, Number 45, 23 October 2009, pp. 6353-6357. ISSN 0264-410X.
Sander P. van Noort, Ricardo Águas, Flávio Coelho, Cláudia Codeço, Daniela Paolotti, Carl E.
Koppeschaar & M. Gabriela M. Gomes: Influenzanet: ILI trends, behaviour and risk factors in
cohorts of internet volunteers, 2003 - 2013. In revision.
Marit M.A. de Lange, Adam Meijer, Ingrid H.M. Friesema, Gé A. Donker, Carl E. Koppeschaar,
Wim van der Hoek: Comparison of five surveillance systems of influenza-like illness during
the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus pandemic and their link to media attention. BMC Public
Health, 2013, 13:881 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-881.
Paolo Bajardi, Daniela Paolotti, Lorenzo Richiardi, Alessandro Vespignani, Sebastian Funk, Ken
Eames, John Edmunds, Clement Turbelin, Marion Debin, Vittoria Colizza, Ronald Smallenburg,
Carl Koppeschaar, Ana Franco, Vitor Faustino, Annasara Carnahan: Effect of recruitment
methods on attrition in Internet-based studies. Submitted.