Theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite traversing

• Theodolite traversing is a method of
establishing control points, their position
being determined by measuring the distances
between the traverse stations (which serve as
control points) and the angles subtended at
the various stations by their adjacent stations.
• The angles are measured by using theodolite
and the distances are measured by using the
measurement tape or chain.

INSTRUMENTS USED IN THEODOLITE TRAVERSING
Generally, there are two instruments used in
theodolite traversing.
1. Theodolite:
Theodolite is an instrument used for measuring
horizontal and vertical angles. Vertical angles are required for
the calculation of elevation of points for example the
reduction of slope distance to the horizontal. Horizontal
angles are required to obtain the relative direction to a survey
control station or points of detail. It gives accuracy upto 1’’.
• Two types: Optical theodolite and Electronic digital
theodolite.

2. Chain or Tape:
Chain and tape are used to measure the distance
between traverse stations.

• A traverse consists of a series of straight lines
of known length related one
another by known angles
between the lines. The points
defining the ends of
the traverse lines are called
traverse stations.

1) Open traverse
2) Closed traverse

• Theodolite traversing is used to compute the
area of a traverse.
• To make a traverse survey.
• To reduce the field data, adjusting a traverse
and plot the results graphically.
• To find the elavation or height of a pole or
building indirectly.
• To find the horizontal, vertical and inclined
distances indirectly etc.

• A theodolite is an instrument which is capable of
measuring angles to the nearest whole second
(1’’). This can be done for both vertical and
horizontal angles.
• Vertical angles are required for the calculation of
elevation of points for example the reduction of
slope distance to the horizontal.
• Horizontal angles are required to obtain the
relative direction to a survey control station or
points of detail.

Before doing the theodolite traversing survey, there
are a few things that must be considered, which
are:
• Tripod stand must be in a straight line with the
picket (station).
• After setting out, wooden adjustment legs and
theodolite must be in a straight line to the picket.
• Value from bearing must be entered correctly.
• Distance between one point to the other must be
clearly seen.

When survey was taking on, there are several things
that must be clearly taken place; which are:
• The cross hairs must be clearly seen by observer.
• The parallax error might be occur when reading
was taken. Therefore the observer must be the
same person and very sure that the reading was
taken correctly.
• During the changing of left face and right face, be
sure that the position of tripod did not change.
• Distance between one point to another was taken
correctly.

Theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite traversing

Theodolite traversing, purpose and principles of theodolite traversing

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