Most construction sites that run into trouble do so for reasons related to managerial factors rather than because of technical problems. The site-based management can make significant improvements in the cost and time savings during the construction process without involving a mass of additional work. The role of site managers is to control and maintain work performance and then taking actions to rectify situations where performance is unsatisfactory.
Concepts and Formulas of Construction Site Layout Planning Elements:
A well-planned site including all temporary facilities and utilities lead to: 1) increasing productivity and safety, 2) reducing area(s) needed for temporary construction, and 3) maximizing utilization. The following points should be considered in good site layout
Site layout planning can affect productivity and is crucial to project success. However, as construction is heterogeneous in the nature of its organizations, project designs, time constraints, environmental effects, etc., site layout planning for each project becomes unique. Affected by many uncertainties variables! And variations, site layout planning is a typical multi objective problem.
Problem solving requires representing the problem in a language that problem solvers can understand. However, solutions of most construction problems rely on empirical Knowledge about the site layout that can be as a site space allocation for material storage, working areas, units of accommodation, plant positions, general circulation areas, and also access and egress for deliveries and emergency services. Furthermore, conflicting objectives and the uniqueness of construction projects like bad site layout make the problems difficult to conceptualize and define.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
The document discusses different approximate estimating methods used to prepare preliminary cost estimates for civil engineering projects. These include the service unit method, plinth area rate method, cubical content method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method. Approximate estimates are prepared early in the project planning process to get a rough idea of probable costs and assess project feasibility before committing resources to detailed design and planning.
Site organization and networking techniquestivar rose
The document discusses site organization for a construction project. It provides typical roles and responsibilities within a site organization, including executive engineers who oversee the entire site, assistant managers who oversee specific works, junior engineers who supervise works, and various roles of skilled workers, masons, and laborers. It also discusses important considerations for site organization like traffic management, materials storage, and safety documentation.
The document discusses different methods of post-tensioning concrete structures. It describes the Freyssinet system as the first introduced method using steel wires grouped into cables with a helical spring. The Magnel Blaton system stresses wires two at a time using sandwich plates and wedges. The Gifford Udall system uses single wires stressed independently with double-acting jacks and tube or plate anchorages. The Lee McCall system prestresses steel bars using threaded bars tightened with nuts against bearing plates.
The document discusses precast concrete buildings. It begins with an introduction to precast construction and its advantages over conventional construction. It then describes various precast elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls, and connections. It discusses construction methodology, design considerations, cost comparison to cast-in-situ, standards, and provides case studies of precast buildings in India and abroad.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling structural components at a factory or manufacturing site and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. It describes the advantages as less noise, dust, time and costs compared to on-site construction. Potential disadvantages include transportation costs, accuracy needs and reduced aesthetic variety. The document outlines various prefabrication components, materials, systems, joints, casting methods and the differences between on-site and off-site prefabrication.
This document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete elements are cast and cured off-site then transported for assembly, allowing more efficient production and quality control.
- Elements include slabs, beams, columns, and wall panels that are joined on-site through embedded bolts, plates, and grouted connections.
- The precasting process involves casting concrete around prestressing strands to add strength, then cutting sections and transporting them for erection.
The document discusses different approximate estimating methods used to prepare preliminary cost estimates for civil engineering projects. These include the service unit method, plinth area rate method, cubical content method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method. Approximate estimates are prepared early in the project planning process to get a rough idea of probable costs and assess project feasibility before committing resources to detailed design and planning.
Site organization and networking techniquestivar rose
The document discusses site organization for a construction project. It provides typical roles and responsibilities within a site organization, including executive engineers who oversee the entire site, assistant managers who oversee specific works, junior engineers who supervise works, and various roles of skilled workers, masons, and laborers. It also discusses important considerations for site organization like traffic management, materials storage, and safety documentation.
The document discusses different methods of post-tensioning concrete structures. It describes the Freyssinet system as the first introduced method using steel wires grouped into cables with a helical spring. The Magnel Blaton system stresses wires two at a time using sandwich plates and wedges. The Gifford Udall system uses single wires stressed independently with double-acting jacks and tube or plate anchorages. The Lee McCall system prestresses steel bars using threaded bars tightened with nuts against bearing plates.
The document discusses precast concrete buildings. It begins with an introduction to precast construction and its advantages over conventional construction. It then describes various precast elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls, and connections. It discusses construction methodology, design considerations, cost comparison to cast-in-situ, standards, and provides case studies of precast buildings in India and abroad.
This document discusses earthwork and provides definitions and classifications for different types of soils and rocks encountered during excavation. It describes the measurement and payment terms for earthwork, including lead, lift, and disposal. Safety protocols for excavation works and protections for existing structures and utilities are also outlined. The document provides classifications for different types of soils, rocks, and hard rocks. It describes the process for site clearance, setting out profiles, and taking ground measurements before starting earthwork. Blasting procedures for hard rocks are also summarized.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
The document discusses the concepts of estimating, costing, technical sanction, administrative approval and budgetary provision as they relate to construction projects. It defines estimating as working out the approximate cost of a work by calculating quantities and costs, while costing determines the actual cost using measurement and abstract sheets. Technical sanction involves formal acceptance of the proposal and preliminary plans by competent authorities, and administrative approval provides budgetary provision for projects according to the 5-year plan after review.
The document discusses various aspects of a construction project, including:
1. An introduction to the group members assigned to different sections of the project.
2. Details about the site location, developer, architect, contractor, and timeline of the project.
3. Explanations and photos of the external works including signage, site boundary, shelters, earthworks, drainage, sloping, and landscaping.
4. Descriptions of the different foundation types used - pile foundation, raft foundation, and stepped raft foundation. The construction processes for each foundation type are explained based on site visits.
5. A brief introduction to the superstructure section.
Construction planning and management are closely related and involve executing construction plans using various management techniques. Modern technology is important for construction management, planning, equipment, contracts, safety, and earthquake management. Proper planning and management are necessary to complete construction on time and within budget. Effective construction planning and management involves organizing work, allocating resources, monitoring progress, and controlling costs and quality.
A construction company can be defined as a group of people sharing specialized knowledge to design, estimate, bid, purchase and obtain resources to complete a construction project.
This document discusses infrastructure construction technologies used for elevated metro rail and road projects in India. It describes the use of segmental casting and transportation methods like incremental launching for long viaduct structures. Concrete pumps, batching plants, and quality control processes for precast segment casting are outlined. Various precast segment erection techniques including the use of launching gantries, cranes, and lifting frames are also summarized. Images show examples of incremental launching of bridges and transportation of precast segments by trucks for erection.
The document provides an overview of highway planning principles and processes. It discusses the objectives of highway planning which include facilitating efficient transportation and minimizing costs. It also covers important considerations for highway planning like classification of roads based on function, engineering surveys to study terrain and traffic, and factors that influence the alignment of new highways like topography, drainage needs and economic considerations. The planning process involves assessing transportation needs, preparing master plans, and conducting studies to estimate required road length and costs.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
1. The document discusses methods for preparing approximate estimates for civil engineering works without calculating actual quantities.
2. The key methods described are the plinth area method, cubical content method, service unit method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method.
3. An example is provided for each method that demonstrates how to use project specifications like costs, areas, volumes, units, or bay details to determine a preliminary cost estimate.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
In this presentation, the process of building construction is explained. It is mainly divided into pre-construction and during construction steps. Each and every step with it's importance has been well explained in this presentation.
An item rate contract provides bidders with:
1) A bill of quantities showing items of work to be executed with quantities and units of measurement.
2) Bidders are invited to quote rates for each item in words and figures.
3) Payment for work done is based on actual quantities of work executed and measured, as well as materials supplied.
The document provides specifications for lime mortar and excavation and foundation work. It discusses the properties and types of lime mortar, including non-hydraulic and hydraulic lime mortar. It also outlines the process of excavation, including depth, methods such as open cut and braced excavation, and backfilling. Measurements for excavation work and appropriate equipment for different soil conditions are also specified.
The document discusses the importance of construction equipment in major construction projects. It notes that construction equipment contributes to economy, quality, safety and timely completion of projects. It then covers various topics related to construction equipment including classification based on work type, common equipment types, factors to consider when selecting equipment, and financial aspects like arranging finance, purchasing vs hiring equipment.
Hill roads require special design considerations due to mountainous terrain. They include curved alignments, retaining walls, drainage features, and formation in cuttings or embankments. Landslides are a key hazard for hill roads and can be caused by heavy rainfall, erosion, earthquakes, or human activities like mining. Prevention methods involve benching slopes, installing drainage, constructing retaining structures, soil stabilization, and increasing vegetation.
Pile foundations Case Study Delhi Metro Site VisitMohd Kashif
This document provides information about deep foundations, including what they are, where they are used, how they are classified, and examples of different pile types. It defines deep foundations as transferring loads to deeper layers of soil or rock compared to shallow foundations. It classifies piles based on function and material and provides details on common types like timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles. The document also includes a case study describing the construction of drilled shaft pile foundations for a metro station in Delhi, with steps like drilling, stabilizing holes, and pouring concrete.
This document provides guidelines for earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings. It describes different types of construction such as framed construction using vertical load frames or moment resistant frames with shear walls. It also describes box type construction using masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete walls. For masonry construction, it provides details on materials, mortar, wall thickness, openings, and seismic strengthening arrangements. It also covers floors/roofs using precast components, timber construction methods, and reinforcement details.
The document discusses maintenance and repair of buildings. It defines maintenance as work to restore facilities to accepted standards and sustain utility values. The objectives of maintenance are to preserve buildings and services, restore deterioration, and make improvements. Maintenance includes condition-based, fixed-time, preventative, opportunity, day-to-day, and shutdown maintenance. Repair is defined as restoring devices to usable conditions and includes patching defects, repairing doors/windows, and electrical/plumbing repairs. Common repairs discussed are cracks in walls, plastering, and RCC members.
1661351022Unit 3 1054-V1 Site Organisation.pdfahsansaeed78
This document discusses site organization for construction projects. It explains that after selecting a site, the next step is to organize it by creating a site layout plan showing the locations of all facilities and equipment. A good layout plan ensures safety, efficiency and economy. Key factors in site organization include access, roads, drainage, site accommodation including offices and housing, temporary services, and storage of materials. The document provides details on each of these factors and considerations for properly planning them.
This document discusses earthwork and provides definitions and classifications for different types of soils and rocks encountered during excavation. It describes the measurement and payment terms for earthwork, including lead, lift, and disposal. Safety protocols for excavation works and protections for existing structures and utilities are also outlined. The document provides classifications for different types of soils, rocks, and hard rocks. It describes the process for site clearance, setting out profiles, and taking ground measurements before starting earthwork. Blasting procedures for hard rocks are also summarized.
This document discusses prefabrication in construction. Prefabrication involves assembling components of a structure in a factory then transporting them to the construction site. It has advantages like reduced cost, time, and waste and allows work during poor weather. Common prefabricated components include columns, beams, waffle floors/roofs which are cast and cured off-site then erected using cranes. While prefabrication offers benefits, it also has disadvantages like potential breakage during transport and need for specialized equipment and labor. The document concludes that partial prefabrication is well-suited for Indian conditions.
The document discusses the concepts of estimating, costing, technical sanction, administrative approval and budgetary provision as they relate to construction projects. It defines estimating as working out the approximate cost of a work by calculating quantities and costs, while costing determines the actual cost using measurement and abstract sheets. Technical sanction involves formal acceptance of the proposal and preliminary plans by competent authorities, and administrative approval provides budgetary provision for projects according to the 5-year plan after review.
The document discusses various aspects of a construction project, including:
1. An introduction to the group members assigned to different sections of the project.
2. Details about the site location, developer, architect, contractor, and timeline of the project.
3. Explanations and photos of the external works including signage, site boundary, shelters, earthworks, drainage, sloping, and landscaping.
4. Descriptions of the different foundation types used - pile foundation, raft foundation, and stepped raft foundation. The construction processes for each foundation type are explained based on site visits.
5. A brief introduction to the superstructure section.
Construction planning and management are closely related and involve executing construction plans using various management techniques. Modern technology is important for construction management, planning, equipment, contracts, safety, and earthquake management. Proper planning and management are necessary to complete construction on time and within budget. Effective construction planning and management involves organizing work, allocating resources, monitoring progress, and controlling costs and quality.
A construction company can be defined as a group of people sharing specialized knowledge to design, estimate, bid, purchase and obtain resources to complete a construction project.
This document discusses infrastructure construction technologies used for elevated metro rail and road projects in India. It describes the use of segmental casting and transportation methods like incremental launching for long viaduct structures. Concrete pumps, batching plants, and quality control processes for precast segment casting are outlined. Various precast segment erection techniques including the use of launching gantries, cranes, and lifting frames are also summarized. Images show examples of incremental launching of bridges and transportation of precast segments by trucks for erection.
The document provides an overview of highway planning principles and processes. It discusses the objectives of highway planning which include facilitating efficient transportation and minimizing costs. It also covers important considerations for highway planning like classification of roads based on function, engineering surveys to study terrain and traffic, and factors that influence the alignment of new highways like topography, drainage needs and economic considerations. The planning process involves assessing transportation needs, preparing master plans, and conducting studies to estimate required road length and costs.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
1. The document discusses methods for preparing approximate estimates for civil engineering works without calculating actual quantities.
2. The key methods described are the plinth area method, cubical content method, service unit method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method.
3. An example is provided for each method that demonstrates how to use project specifications like costs, areas, volumes, units, or bay details to determine a preliminary cost estimate.
Prefabrication involves assembling building components in a factory and transporting them to the construction site. There are several prefabrication systems including open prefab, box type, and large prefab. Prefabricated components include panels, roofs, floors, and more which are manufactured off-site and assembled on-site. Prefabrication offers benefits like reduced construction time and costs, improved quality, and less waste. However, it also has disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment and skilled labor for transportation and assembly. A case study on a housing project in India demonstrated how prefabrication helped complete buildings faster and with higher quality.
In this presentation, the process of building construction is explained. It is mainly divided into pre-construction and during construction steps. Each and every step with it's importance has been well explained in this presentation.
An item rate contract provides bidders with:
1) A bill of quantities showing items of work to be executed with quantities and units of measurement.
2) Bidders are invited to quote rates for each item in words and figures.
3) Payment for work done is based on actual quantities of work executed and measured, as well as materials supplied.
The document provides specifications for lime mortar and excavation and foundation work. It discusses the properties and types of lime mortar, including non-hydraulic and hydraulic lime mortar. It also outlines the process of excavation, including depth, methods such as open cut and braced excavation, and backfilling. Measurements for excavation work and appropriate equipment for different soil conditions are also specified.
The document discusses the importance of construction equipment in major construction projects. It notes that construction equipment contributes to economy, quality, safety and timely completion of projects. It then covers various topics related to construction equipment including classification based on work type, common equipment types, factors to consider when selecting equipment, and financial aspects like arranging finance, purchasing vs hiring equipment.
Hill roads require special design considerations due to mountainous terrain. They include curved alignments, retaining walls, drainage features, and formation in cuttings or embankments. Landslides are a key hazard for hill roads and can be caused by heavy rainfall, erosion, earthquakes, or human activities like mining. Prevention methods involve benching slopes, installing drainage, constructing retaining structures, soil stabilization, and increasing vegetation.
Pile foundations Case Study Delhi Metro Site VisitMohd Kashif
This document provides information about deep foundations, including what they are, where they are used, how they are classified, and examples of different pile types. It defines deep foundations as transferring loads to deeper layers of soil or rock compared to shallow foundations. It classifies piles based on function and material and provides details on common types like timber, concrete, steel, and composite piles. The document also includes a case study describing the construction of drilled shaft pile foundations for a metro station in Delhi, with steps like drilling, stabilizing holes, and pouring concrete.
This document provides guidelines for earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings. It describes different types of construction such as framed construction using vertical load frames or moment resistant frames with shear walls. It also describes box type construction using masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete walls. For masonry construction, it provides details on materials, mortar, wall thickness, openings, and seismic strengthening arrangements. It also covers floors/roofs using precast components, timber construction methods, and reinforcement details.
The document discusses maintenance and repair of buildings. It defines maintenance as work to restore facilities to accepted standards and sustain utility values. The objectives of maintenance are to preserve buildings and services, restore deterioration, and make improvements. Maintenance includes condition-based, fixed-time, preventative, opportunity, day-to-day, and shutdown maintenance. Repair is defined as restoring devices to usable conditions and includes patching defects, repairing doors/windows, and electrical/plumbing repairs. Common repairs discussed are cracks in walls, plastering, and RCC members.
1661351022Unit 3 1054-V1 Site Organisation.pdfahsansaeed78
This document discusses site organization for construction projects. It explains that after selecting a site, the next step is to organize it by creating a site layout plan showing the locations of all facilities and equipment. A good layout plan ensures safety, efficiency and economy. Key factors in site organization include access, roads, drainage, site accommodation including offices and housing, temporary services, and storage of materials. The document provides details on each of these factors and considerations for properly planning them.
This document discusses construction site organization and management. It covers site management, which involves preparing the site for construction, keeping the project on time and budget, addressing delays or problems, and ensuring quality, health and safety. Effective site layout planning is important to maximize efficiency and productivity while minimizing costs and completion time. The key elements of a site layout plan include safety provisions, site accessibility, information signs, security, accommodation, offices, water and sanitation facilities, material handling areas, storage, and temporary workshops or fabrication areas. Proper planning of temporary facility locations is necessary to avoid inefficiencies like double handling of materials.
Site management involves controlling construction projects on a daily basis to keep them on time, budget, and ensure quality, health and safety. Effective site layout planning is important to maximize efficiency and productivity. It involves identifying temporary facility needs and optimally placing them considering factors like material flow, equipment access, and worker welfare. Key elements of site layout include safety provisions, site access, security, accommodation, storage, and material handling areas. Proper planning helps avoid issues like double material handling and accidents.
A site survey in the construction industry holds paramount importance, as it ensures thorough assessment and planning, minimizing risks and optimizing resources for successful project execution. Read more!
This proposal outlines plans for a two-story building with a food court, coffee shop, and parking basement located on a 50x60m plot of land. The ground floor would contain the food court with seating areas and different food options. The second floor would house a high-class coffee shop with indoor and outdoor seating. A parking basement below would provide parking for up to 80 cars. The proposal discusses the project concept and benefits, potential impacts, and sketches of the floor plans and elevations. It also outlines the roles and responsibilities of various project professionals involved, including the contractor, architect, landscape architect, quantity surveyor, engineers, and suppliers.
The document discusses job layout, which is a scaled drawing of a construction site showing key features like entry/exit points, storage areas, and temporary facilities. It notes that a job layout is prepared to promote efficient work without obstructions. The document then provides:
- A brief history of static vs. dynamic site models.
- The purposes of preparing a job layout, which include saving time/money, safety, and maximizing output.
- Factors that affect job layout decisions, like the project nature, construction methods, and available resources.
- The principal steps in preparing a job layout, such as locating administrative areas, warehouses, and temporary roads.
The document describes a proposed project to build a new shopping mall called "Smart" near Taylor's University Lakeside Campus. The mall aims to provide students with an affordable and convenient place to buy food and cooking materials. It will be located beside the campus lake, utilizing unused space. The project team includes an architect, landscape architect, civil engineer, contractor, and quantity surveyor who will work together to design, plan, and construct the building on time and on budget. Key objectives are to make use of available land, improve food access and campus services for students, and enhance the attractiveness of the campus area.
Planning and cost analysis of the commercial buildingila vamsi krishna
This document provides information about the planning and cost analysis of a commercial building project. It discusses the site planning process, building envelope design, architectural planning of spaces, and cost estimation. The project deals with planning and cost analysis of a 3-storey commercial building with different arrangements on each floor used for functions and marriages. It outlines considerations for site planning like zoning requirements, neighborhood character, and site conditions. It also covers types of building spaces like offices, conference rooms, and employee support areas.
The document provides details about the proposed design of a marine park, including its objectives, methodology, and master plan. The methodology discusses site analysis, climatology, social factors, and other considerations. The master plan outlines various sections of the park such as the central coral tank, touch pool, freshwater section, reef colony, and more. It also discusses entrance areas, ticket counters, shops, cafes, and other park amenities. The overall aim is to provide both recreation and education about marine life through various exhibits and displays.
Building Construction 1 - Experiencing Constructionjisunfoo
The document summarizes the group's site visit observations and documentation of the construction process for two residential buildings under construction in Bangi and Sepang, Malaysia. At the Bangi site, the group observed pile foundations being installed using a press-in method and pile load testing. They also documented the various stages of construction including site clearing, formwork, concrete pouring and the installation of beams and columns. At the Sepang site, which was nearing completion, the group focused on documenting the superstructure work including slab construction, wall installation and staircases.
This document provides details of a proposed shopping mall project called "SMART" to be built near Taylor's University Lakeside Campus. It discusses the project background, objectives, management team roles and responsibilities, specifications, stakeholders, budget, and references. The project aims to provide students with an easier place to buy and prepare food at cheaper prices near campus. The management team includes architects, landscape architects, civil engineers, contractors and quantity surveyors who will oversee design, construction and costs. Potential risks, constraints and timescales are also outlined.
This document outlines a proposed project to build a new shopping mall called "Smart" near Taylor's University Lakeside Campus. The project aims to provide students with an easier place to buy and prepare food at cheaper prices. Key aspects of the project include its location, objectives, management team roles, risks, and constraints. The management team will oversee design, construction, and costs to ensure the project is completed on time and on budget. Building near the lake could result in flooding risks that require special foundation designs.
This document outlines a landscape and building project for a proposed shopping mall called "SMART" near Taylor's University Lakeside Campus. It discusses the project background, objectives to provide students easier access to food and a place to cook. It presents the project team members and their roles. It also outlines the project risks, timeline, stakeholders involved including authorities, users, and a preliminary budget. Reference materials are listed. The document is a proposal for the SMART mall project near the university campus.
Technical analysis involves examining the technical and engineering feasibility of a project. It aims to ensure all required inputs are available and facilitates optimal formulation in terms of technology, size, location, etc. Technical analysts believe historical stock and market performance can indicate future performance. They make decisions based on patterns of people's behavior rather than intrinsic product value. The document then discusses various technical aspects that must be analyzed for a manufacturing project, including manufacturing processes, appropriate technology, material inputs, product mix, plant capacity, location, machinery/equipment, structures, environmental impacts, project charts/layouts, and implementation schedules. It stresses the need to consider alternative approaches.
The document summarizes the internship experience of Samuel Chuah Teong Jyn at an engineering consultancy firm. Some of the key projects he participated in included the Mewah Datu Palm Oil Refinery Complex in Lahad Datu, Malaysia. At this site, he checked pile locations and capacities. He also gained experience with materials like gabions, grating, and formwork. The internship provided opportunities to apply engineering knowledge and gain experience with structural design, site visits, calculations, and software tools.
A report on the procedures and construction process of buildings based on real life site visits at Taman Bukit Segar, Cheras and Glenmarie Cove, Klang.
By students of Bsc(Hons) Architecture of Taylor's University.
This document summarizes a student's internship report on construction of a high speed rail project in India. It includes sections on the aims of the internship, an overview of the construction company, details of various construction processes involved like excavation, compaction, concrete work, and pre-casting, as well as conclusions about learning practical skills and construction site planning through the internship experience.
Selection Criteria of Equipment in Construction ProjectIRJET Journal
This document discusses the selection criteria for construction equipment on projects. It begins by defining the importance of selecting the proper equipment, as this decision can impact time, cost and productivity. The document then outlines various types of earthmoving, concrete placing and lifting equipment commonly used. It describes factors that influence equipment choice, such as economic considerations, site conditions, manufacturer preferences, and labor availability. The selection process and specific criteria for different equipment types are also examined. Overall, the document provides guidance on strategically matching equipment to tasks to maximize efficiency during construction.
Introduction
CPM/PERT or Network Analysis as the technique is sometimes called, developed along two parallel streams, one industrial and the other military.
CPM (Critical Path Method) was the discovery of M.R.Walker of E.I.Du Pont de Nemours & Co. and J.E.Kelly of Remington Rand, circa 1957. The computation was designed for the UNIVAC-I computer. The first test was made in 1958, when CPM was applied to the construction of a new chemical plant. In March 1959, the method was applied to maintenance shut-down at the Du Pont works in Louisville, Kentucky. Unproductive time was reduced from 125 to 93 hours.
PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) was devised in 1958 for the POLARIS missile program by the Program Evaluation Branch of the Special Projects office of the U.S.Navy, helped by the Lockheed Missile Systems division and the Consultant firm of Booz-Allen & Hamilton. The calculations were so arranged so that they could be carried out on the IBM Naval Ordinance Research Computer (NORC) at Dahlgren, Virginia.
1) The document discusses project management tools including network analysis techniques like CPM and PERT.
2) CPM and PERT are used to plan and schedule complex projects using network diagrams that show the logical sequence and relationships of tasks.
3) PERT uses three time estimates for each activity - optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic - to calculate the expected duration using probability.
Introduction 1
Network is a technique used for planning and scheduling of large projects in the fields of construction, maintenance, fabrication, purchasing, computer system instantiation, research and development planning etc. There is multitude of operations research situations that can be modeled and solved as network. Some recent surveys reports that as much as 70% of the real-world mathematical programming problems can be represented by network related models. Network analysis is known by many names _PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique), CPM (Critical Path Method), PEP (Programme Evaluation Procedure), LCES (Least Cost Estimating and Scheduling), SCANS (Scheduling and Control by Automated Network System), etc
This chapter will present three of algorithms.
1. PERT & CPM
2. Shortest- route algorithms
3. Maximum-flow algorithms
ASSIGNMENT III
B Tech 8th Semester
Submit it on or before 20th April 2020
01. Construct a network for each of the activities and their precedence relationships are given below:
Economics of project evaluation for reference cpm module2ahsanrabbani
This document provides an overview of key concepts in project structure and management, including:
1) It defines a project and explains their unique, non-routine nature requiring organization and resources to complete within a time limit.
2) It outlines the typical stages in a project's lifecycle from conception to implementation and completion.
3) It discusses important characteristics of projects including objectives, uniqueness, complexity, and risk/uncertainty.
4) It categorizes different types of projects based on factors like location, technology, size and scope.
Economics of project evaluation cpm module2ahsanrabbani
Introduction: The competencies required for developing business cases comprise a range of skills, including those for:
• facilitation and negotiation
• demand management
• risk management
• value management
• economic, social, environmental and budget analyses, and
• strategic planning.
A welded plate girder bridge is designed to carry highway traffic. The bridge is 120 feet long with a roadway width of 30 feet. It uses A992 steel for the flanges and A709 Grade 50 steel for the web and connection plates.
This document discusses two column splice design examples. The first example covers column splice design while the second example also focuses on column splice design. Both examples provide information on designing column splices for structural columns.
This document provides two examples of beam-column design. The first example details the design of a reinforced concrete beam-column connection. The second example also examines the design of a beam-column connection, though it is unclear if this refers to another reinforced concrete example or a different material. Both examples are intended to demonstrate the process of designing beam-column connections.
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
The document provides guidelines for students seeking summer training or project/dissertation work at the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology. It outlines the eligibility requirements, application process and deadlines. Students must be pursuing a postgraduate degree, have secured at least 60% marks, and obtain approval from their institution. Applications should include academic records and a recommendation letter. Training opportunities are also available through sponsored programs. Final applications are due at least 60 days before the proposed start date. There is no fee for participation, but students must arrange their own accommodation. Incomplete applications will be rejected without correspondence.
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Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
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• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
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Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
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1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B TECH 8th
SEMESTER
01 1827 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
L-T-P: 3-0-0 Credit: 3
Site organization: layout: work study: Decision making processes: CPM and L. P. Project
monitoring.
Total number of Lecture: 10
Lecture No. 25, 26 and 27
Introduction:
Most construction sites that run into trouble do so for reasons related to managerial factors rather
than because of technical problems. The site-based management can make significant improvements
in the cost and time savings during the construction process without involving a mass of additional
work. The role of site managers is to control and maintain work performance and then taking actions
to rectify situations where performance is unsatisfactory.
Concepts and Formulas of Construction Site Layout Planning Elements:
A well-planned site including all temporary facilities and utilities lead to: 1) increasing productivity
and safety, 2) reducing area(s) needed for temporary construction, and 3) maximizing utilization. The
following points should be considered in good site layout
Site layout planning can affect productivity and is crucial to project success. However, as
construction is heterogeneous in the nature of its organizations, project designs, time constraints,
environmental effects, etc., site layout planning for each project becomes unique. Affected by many
uncertainties variables! And variations, site layout planning is a typical multi objective problem.
Problem solving requires representing the problem in a language that problem solvers can
understand. However, solutions of most construction problems rely on empirical Knowledge about
the site layout that can be as a site space allocation for material storage, working areas, units of
accommodation, plant positions, general circulation areas, and also access and egress for deliveries
and emergency services. Furthermore, conflicting objectives and the uniqueness of construction
projects like bad site layout make the problems difficult to conceptualize and define.
Significance of Site Layout Planning
Site layout shows the relationship of the proposed site with its surroundings with respect to
communication, approaches, and existing facilities. Good site layout planning assists in minimizing
the traveling time and movement costs of plant, labor, and materials, activity interference during
construction work, and site accidents, and ensures that work on buildings and other construction
2. positions is not impeded by the thoughtless storage of materials on these locations. So site layout can
thus either enhance or adversely affect construction productivity and progress. It is important to
acquire the knowledge of the project site before setting out the site layout. The knowledge about the
project site can be obtained from:
Site Investigation (SI):
Site investigation is a process of site exploration consisting of boring, sampling and testing so as to
obtain geotechnical information for a safe, practical and economical geotechnical evaluation and
design. Generally it is an exploration or discovery of the ground conditions especially on untouched
site.
In other words the main purpose of site investigation is to determine within practical limits, the
depth, thickness, extent and compositions of each subsoil stratum, the depth and type of rock, the
depth and composition of groundwater, the strength, compressibility and hydraulic characteristics of
soil strata required by geotechnical engineers. Sometimes it is also known as geotechnical
investigation.
A site layout plan shows a detailed layout of the whole site and the relationship of the proposed
works with the boundary of the property, nearby roads and neighbouring buildings.
Most applications should include an existing site layout plan and a proposed site layout plan. For
simple applications the existing and proposed site can be combined and shown on one plan so long as
what is existing, what is proposed and what is to be demolished is highlighted and annotated clearly.
Safety:
Fire prevention: Fire is a major cause of damage on construction sites. So that, fire
extinguishers are basic requirements on a construction project.
Medical services: On construction project a first aid kit is a must. In remote projects a well-
equipped medical room with a doctor and nurse is important.
Construction safety clothing: Basic safety supplies like safety shoes, hard hats, gloves, and
goggles must be used by workers.
Site Accessibility:
Easy accessibility will keep the morale of the equipment and vehicle drivers high, minimize the
chance of accidents, and save time in maneuvering to arrive at and leave the project. In case of large
projects, proper planning is required to layout the roads leading from the nearest highway. Internal
roads are necessary for easy flow of work. Also, Parking Lots are provided for the owner, office, and
craft personnel, but this facility must be planned where space does exist.
3. Information Signs:
Site map: It should locate details of the project, and displayed in the office of the site
superintendent or project manager and posted at the entrance gate.
Traffic regulatory signs: For large projects, traffic regulatory signs help in guiding the traffic
on the site and avoid accidents to a considerable extent.
Display of labor relations’ policy and safety rules: This will help in eliminating disputes
between labor and management.
Emergency routes and underground services: It is important to display the emergency escape
routes on every floor as the building progresses. Locations of underground services should be
marked to prevent its damage.
Security:
Entrance: It is necessary to have a proper guard entrance to the site provided by a booth. Also,
it is necessary to keep track of all visitors to the project.
Lighting: It is necessary to have a standby generator to maintain site lighting.
Fencing: The boundary should be fenced off from a security point of view.
Accommodation:
On large construction projects, it is necessary to provide camp accommodation for all type of staff
involved in the project.
Offices:
The offices should be close together, close to the site, and in a safe area. Also, provide the offices
with proper office equipment. The offices at the site may include job office, general contractor office,
and sub-contractors and consultants Offices.
Water Supply and Sanitation:
It is necessary to have water and toilet facilities in convenient locations to accommodate the work
force.
Material Handling:
One third or more of all construction operations can be classified as material handling. The use of
proper equipment for material handling and advance planning for minimizing multiple handling will
result in direct cost and time savings.
4. Storage and site cleaning:
It is necessary to plan and reserve storage areas for materials so that multiple movement of material is
avoided.
Laydown areas: Areas reserved for storage of large materials and equipment and it can be
short-term or long-term.
Warehouses: They are sheltered storage facilities where materials are stored until they have
disbursed to the job.
Material staging areas: They used when materials are stored near the work on a short-term
basis. They are generally as close to work as possible.
Site cleaning: It is necessary at a work place and especially where the extent of debris
produced is high. Regular disposal of debris is necessary.
Craft Change-Houses:
Craft change-houses provide sheltered space for craft personnel to change and store clothes, wash,
and rest during waiting periods.
Batch plant and Fabrication Shops:
Batch plants are provided on projects where it is more economical to produce concrete on site than to
buy a ready mix. Aggregate storage piles, cement silos, and admixture tanks will accompany an on-
site batch plant. Shops are used where materials and equipment are fabricated on site. This includes
electrical, mechanical, carpentry, and paint shops. Also, testing shops used to house the necessary
testing equipment and personnel for the project.
Wok Procedure for SI:
Steps of work involved in site investigation:
1. Desk study to collect all the relevant data and information,
2. Reconnaissance of site works,
3. Planning program after reviewing the above,
4. Ground or soil exploration includes boring, sampling and testing,
5. Laboratory testing (also field if necessary),
5. 6. Preparation and documentation of SI report,
7. Engineering design stages,
8. Review during construction and monitoring.
Steps of Soil Exploration
Soil exploration consists of:
Boring: Refers to drilling or advancing a hole in the ground. The test would include hand auger,
motorized hand boring (wash boring), deep boring (rotary drilling), and/or trial pits.
Sampling: Refers to removing soil from the hole. The samples can be classified as disturbed or
undisturbed sampling. Disturbed samples are usually used for soil grain-size analysis, determination
of liquid limit, specific gravity of soil as well as compaction test and California bearing ratio (CBR).
The undisturbed samples are collected at least every 1.5 m and if changes occur within 1.5 m
intervals, an additional sample should be taken.
Testing: Refers to determining the properties from the soil. The test can be performing either at
laboratory or at field. Laboratory testing would normally be moisture content, sieve analysis, liquid
limit, compaction test, CBR and so forth. Field test would include Standard Penetration Test (SPT),
Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Vane test.
Record of Soil Exploration:
It is important to keep complete and accurate records of all data collected. Boring, sampling and
testing are often costly. A good map giving specific locations of all boring should be available. All
boring should be identified and its location documented by measurement to permanent features. And
all pertinent data should be recorded in the field on a boring log sheet. Soil data obtained from a
series of test boring can best be presented by preparing a geologic profile:
Arrangement of various layers of soil,
Ground water table,
Existing / proposed structures,
Soil properties data (e.g., Standard Penetration Test values).
6. The profile was prepared with data obtained from the boring, sampling and testing of each borehole
from selected points.
Decision Criteria and Site Facilities Adopted in Site Layout Planning:
Although each site layout is unique, site layout planning can be resolved into a repetitive selection-
evaluation process. Several analysis techniques can be used for the selection process for example, the
dominant factor analysis and Parker s judgment technique, which can be used to screen out available
decisions in choosing facilities, and identify key decision factors and locations for each particular
facility.
All space-planning problems consist of a set of activities to be located and a space in which to locate
them. Site layout planning consists of identifying the facilities needed to support construction
operations, determining their size and shape, and positioning them within the boundaries of the site.
So, the most temporary facilities are classified into six important categories.
Temporary facilities
Description
Access road and exit
Needs vary with the type of project and the stage of the job. It will normally be linked with the plan
of construction and in some cases may actually control the progress of construction. Ideally, short
direct routes and one-way traffic are encouraged.
Location of plant and equipment
Choice of the major items of the plant is of real consequence on most sites. Correctly chosen and well
operated and maintained equipment enables a construction project to be completed efficiently and
economically.
Material storage and handling area
Areas must be set aside for the storage and handling of material. The objective here is to minimize
waste and losses arising from careless handling, bad storage, or theft, and to reduce costs by
obviating double handling or unnecessary movement.
Site accommodations and welfare facilities
7. Consideration should always be given to the possibility of ensuring that the site accommodations are
kept at a suitable distance from the construction work and are in such a position to enable the site
staff to conduct their duties (welfare facilities also)
Temporary services
This includes water supply, electricity supply, gas, telephones, and drainage the requirements of
which may vary between different projects.
Workshop position
Position should be indicated to enable the site supervisor to arrange for the erection of the following
types of workshops: 1) fitter s shops and work area; 2) joinery shop and machinery area;
3) Reinforcement and bar bending areas; and
4) Concrete mixing.
Bad site layout planning
Bad site layout is usually a multi criteria problem involving in construction site without any or less
temporary facilities regarding to the type of project.
Examples of Site Layout Planning
Example 1
Figure 1 illustrates the layout of building materials and access roads for the purposes of servicing two
hoists for the erection of a low-rise building. Comment on and criticize the present layout in relation
to the positioning of both the materials and hoists.
8. Fig.1: Existing site layout
Criticism of existing site layout:
- Both hoists have separate scaffold staging, causing increased costs.
- Materials are not stockpiled near hoists.
- Entrance to the site is too narrow for truck to pass.
Stores are located behind the batching plant so obscuring storeman's view and check point is
separated from the stores.
- Concrete and mortar mixers are located too far from the hoists.
- Stockpiles are dispersed and hinder unloading.
- Temporary roads are long and narrow.
- Some stores are difficult to reach.
Example 2:
9. Fig. 2: Improved site layout
Suggested improved layout:
- Both hoists are housed in a common scaffold.
- Batching plants have direct discharge into dumpers.
- The access has been widened near the site entrance.
- The stores are located to give a good view of all materials stockpiles, and are sited near the
temporary road.
- Concrete and mortar mixers are located near the hoists.
- The temporary road is shorter and wider.
- A compound is provided to police non-bulk materials.
10. Fig. 3: Existing site layout
Criticism of existing site layout
- In general, the working area is too spread out, making control more difficult and increasing
travelling time about the site which will lead to reducing productivity.
- Site latrines and canteen are too far away, causing loss of time due to unnecessary travelling. There
is no apparent supply of drinking water on site.
- No security fencing is shown.
- Temporary access road should follow the line of the proposed station access road to avoid
duplication of work.
- Surplus excavation should have been led directly to the erosion site to avoid double handling.
- Pylon girders have been stacked over foundation bases, necessitating double handling.
- Site office is wrongly located. As the building rises the view of the site will be blocked.
- Cement store is too far from the mixer.
- Hoist is on the wrong the side of the building, too far from the work areas.
- Mortar-mixing and block-making areas are too far from the building.
- Temporary buildings and storage areas are sited over the line of the sewer. The sewer should be
constructed early to free the ground.
- Steel is laid on the ground and not stacked in an orderly manner. Bending and fabrication benches
are wrongly placed.
- Timber storage area is unorganized.
- Sanitary fittings, pipes, and frames are stacked too near to the access road violating safety.
11. Suggested improved layout:
Fig. 4 shows the suggested improved site layout planning to offset the drawbacks recorded from the
previous site plan given in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4: Improved site layout
Summarizing:
Site investigation product plane such as space allocations and material transportations need a lot of
experience and knowledge. The planning of a site layout in practice will depend upon a number of
factors such as the time and money. The need for careful site layout and site organization planning
becomes more relevant as the size and complexity of the construction operation increases, and
especially where spare site space is very limited.
Scope of site investigation works when planned by different engineers tend to be varied because there
are an infinite number of conditions to be met and the process of planning also leaves many areas
where individual judgment and experiences must be applied. It is also impossible to attempt to
provide an exhaustive step by step guideline applicable to all possible cases. It should be realized that
there is a possibility that any site investigation may leave some area unexplored or overlooked. The
main risk in foundation design is the uncertainty involving in predicting soil conditions which may
change with environment. The more site investigation the more it will reduce the margin of
uncertainty but the time and cost requirement will be exorbitant. Therefore the extent and the cost of
Site Investigation should be such that risk is at an established acceptable level to the designer and
also comply to the accepted code of practice.