The document discusses different types of construction cost estimates. It describes preliminary estimates which provide approximate costs using methods like per unit, plinth area, or cubic content. Detailed estimates involve accurately calculating quantities for each work item. Other estimates include revised estimates for costs exceeding 5% of original estimates, supplementary estimates for additional works, and annual repair estimates for maintenance. Terminology related to construction projects is also defined.
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
The document discusses various types of construction contracts and tendering processes. It defines a tender as an invitation from an owner to contractors to execute work at a specified cost and time. There are different types of tenders including open, sealed, limited, and single tenders. Key aspects of the tendering process include tender forms, documents, notices, evaluation criteria, acceptance procedures, contract documents, deposits, and measurements. Different types of construction contracts are also summarized such as lump-sum, item rate, percentage rate, cost plus, and turn-key contracts.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
This document describes several types of construction contracts: lump-sum, cost plus fixed fee, cost plus bid fee, guaranteed maximum, negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key. Lump-sum contracts establish a fixed total price upfront, while cost plus contracts reimburse the contractor's costs plus a fixed or percentage-based fee. Guaranteed maximum contracts set a ceiling on costs. Negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key contracts vary in responsibilities and payment structures.
This document provides an analysis of rates for various civil engineering works including excavation, sand filling, brick masonry, concrete works, and reinforced cement concrete works. It includes calculations of quantities of materials required and rates analysis for a unit quantity (typically 1 cubic meter or 10 cubic meters) with breakdown of material and labor costs. Factors affecting rates and data required for rate analysis are also discussed.
Estimates are important documents that calculate the quantities, rates, and anticipated costs of works involved in a construction project. They help determine approximate construction costs, taxes, rents, materials, labor, and more. A quantity surveyor takes off quantities from drawings and calculates rates and costs. Estimates include preliminary, rough cost, detailed, annual repair, special repair, revised, supplementary, and complete estimates. They provide essential cost information to help plan and budget construction projects.
The document discusses different types of construction cost estimates. It describes preliminary estimates which provide approximate costs using methods like per unit, plinth area, or cubic content. Detailed estimates involve accurately calculating quantities for each work item. Other estimates include revised estimates for costs exceeding 5% of original estimates, supplementary estimates for additional works, and annual repair estimates for maintenance. Terminology related to construction projects is also defined.
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
The document discusses various types of construction contracts and tendering processes. It defines a tender as an invitation from an owner to contractors to execute work at a specified cost and time. There are different types of tenders including open, sealed, limited, and single tenders. Key aspects of the tendering process include tender forms, documents, notices, evaluation criteria, acceptance procedures, contract documents, deposits, and measurements. Different types of construction contracts are also summarized such as lump-sum, item rate, percentage rate, cost plus, and turn-key contracts.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
This document describes several types of construction contracts: lump-sum, cost plus fixed fee, cost plus bid fee, guaranteed maximum, negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key. Lump-sum contracts establish a fixed total price upfront, while cost plus contracts reimburse the contractor's costs plus a fixed or percentage-based fee. Guaranteed maximum contracts set a ceiling on costs. Negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key contracts vary in responsibilities and payment structures.
This document provides an analysis of rates for various civil engineering works including excavation, sand filling, brick masonry, concrete works, and reinforced cement concrete works. It includes calculations of quantities of materials required and rates analysis for a unit quantity (typically 1 cubic meter or 10 cubic meters) with breakdown of material and labor costs. Factors affecting rates and data required for rate analysis are also discussed.
Estimates are important documents that calculate the quantities, rates, and anticipated costs of works involved in a construction project. They help determine approximate construction costs, taxes, rents, materials, labor, and more. A quantity surveyor takes off quantities from drawings and calculates rates and costs. Estimates include preliminary, rough cost, detailed, annual repair, special repair, revised, supplementary, and complete estimates. They provide essential cost information to help plan and budget construction projects.
The document discusses different approximate estimating methods used to prepare preliminary cost estimates for civil engineering projects. These include the service unit method, plinth area rate method, cubical content method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method. Approximate estimates are prepared early in the project planning process to get a rough idea of probable costs and assess project feasibility before committing resources to detailed design and planning.
The document discusses various types of construction contracts. It describes lump sum contracts, item rate contracts, labour contracts, and cost reimbursement contracts. It provides details on how each contract type works, including payment structures, risk allocation, and suitable applications for different contract types. Key factors like flexibility, incentives, and risk allocation are considered when choosing the appropriate construction contract.
The document discusses key concepts related to project cost estimation including:
1) Estimates are prepared before construction to anticipate probable costs by computing quantities and costs of materials, labor, and other expenses.
2) Drawings and specifications are used to estimate quantities of materials and work.
3) Rates for materials, labor, transportation and other costs are used to calculate unit costs for items.
4) Different types of estimates are prepared at various stages including preliminary, plinth area, cube rate, detailed, revised, and annual maintenance estimates.
Terminology used in estimating and costingJanak Mehta
This document defines key terminology used in construction estimating and costing, including: taking off quantities, provisional sums, prime cost, provisional quantities, spot items, day work, contingencies, work charged establishment charges, water charges, and overhead charges. It provides details on how each term is defined and applied when preparing cost estimates for construction projects.
The document discusses the concepts of estimating, costing, technical sanction, administrative approval and budgetary provision as they relate to construction projects. It defines estimating as working out the approximate cost of a work by calculating quantities and costs, while costing determines the actual cost using measurement and abstract sheets. Technical sanction involves formal acceptance of the proposal and preliminary plans by competent authorities, and administrative approval provides budgetary provision for projects according to the 5-year plan after review.
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, and skills like experience, judgment, and foresight. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates and detailed estimates. A rough cost estimate provides an initial approximate cost based on unit costs from similar past projects. It is used to assess the feasibility of a project and obtain initial approval. A detailed estimate provides a more accurate expected cost based on detailed plans and specifications by calculating the quantities of materials and hours of labor.
This document provides specifications for different classes of buildings and roads. It defines specifications as describing the nature, materials, and workmanship for a construction project. Building specifications are classified as general or brief (covering foundation, walls, roofing, etc. for different classes) and detailed. It provides the general specifications for various components like foundation, walls, roofing, flooring and finishing for first, second, third and fourth class buildings. Road specifications include details for subgrade, soiling, intercoat, topcoat, brick edging and considerations for heavy traffic or weak subgrade.
This document provides an introduction to construction estimation and measurement. It defines estimation as calculating quantities and costs for construction work items. Estimates require drawings, specifications, and site data. They are prepared by measuring quantities from drawings and multiplying by unit costs. Estimates are needed to determine project costs, materials, schedules, and more. The document discusses types of estimates like preliminary, detailed, quantity, and revised estimates. It also defines estimation terms and outlines the process for preparing a detailed estimate using measurement and cost forms.
Valuation is determining the fair price or value of a property like buildings, land, etc. It considers factors like construction cost, age, maintenance, location, and income generated. Common valuation methods are rental method, comparing recent sale prices, and depreciation method. Rent is usually fixed as a percentage of valuation, with allowances for expenses like repairs, taxes, and management costs. Depreciation and obsolescence reduce value over time. Various terms related to valuation are defined, like gross income, net income, salvage value, sinking fund, and years purchase.
This document discusses various methods of construction cost estimation, including preliminary estimates, plinth area method, cubical contents method, unit base method, abstract estimates, detailed estimates, bottom up method, and square foot estimates. It also discusses factors that influence specification, rate analysis, and final estimates. Preliminary estimates provide early project costs but have low accuracy of 20-30%. Detailed estimates use quantities, rates, and specifications to determine costs more accurately. The bottom up method aggregates task estimates to determine total project costs.
This document provides details for estimating the cost of constructing a two room office building, including specifications, dimensions, and calculations. It begins by outlining the footing, floor, and roof details. It then provides a three step process for cost estimation: [1] excavation, [2] PCC (plain cement concrete) for foundations, and [3] calculating quantities of cement, sand, and aggregate required for the PCC based on the volume. Calculations are shown using the center line method to determine excavation and concrete quantities based on wall lengths and dimensions.
The document discusses various types of cost estimates used in construction projects. It describes preliminary estimates prepared during the initial project planning stage to provide clients an idea of projected costs. It also discusses plinth area estimates, cubic content estimates, annual repair estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and detailed estimates. Detailed estimates involve quantifying all work items, calculating costs, and including factors like materials, labor, equipment in the final estimate.
Contracts and Tenders
When two or more persons have common intention communicated to each other to create same obligation between them there is said to be an agreement. An agreement which is enforceable by law is a Contract.
A Tenders is called upon for executing certain specified work, or supplying specified materials; subjected to certain terms and conditions like rates, time limit, etc. It is an offer in written form: Legally speaking, it is an offer to receive an offer for the work, within the specified financial limits.
Check for more presentations at - www.archistudent.net
The document discusses various concepts related to property valuation, including:
- The role of a valuer is to assess the present fair value of a property using their expertise in areas like construction, planning, and relevant laws.
- Valuation considers factors like supply/demand, purpose of valuation, and methods differ for open plots, existing structures, and leasehold properties.
- Key terms are defined, like capitalized value, years purchase, sinking fund, depreciation, and different types of values.
- Depreciation accounts for loss in a property's value over time from various factors like wear and tear, obsolescence, and contingencies.
This document provides an introduction to the subject of estimating and costing for the 2nd year intermediate vocational course in construction technology. It discusses key definitions like estimating, costing, and procedures for estimating. The importance of estimation and costing is explained. The data required for preparing an estimate like drawings, specifications, and rates is described. The document also discusses complete estimates, lump sum items, and work charged establishment. Measurement units for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works are listed with the applicable unit of measurement and payment.
Dampness in buildings can cause health issues and damage to the structure. It is caused by factors like rain penetration, soil drainage issues, and defective construction. Remedies include installing damp proofing courses of flexible or rigid materials at locations like foundation level, parapets, and windowsills. Proper ventilation and moisture management can also help reduce excessive moisture in homes.
The document discusses the importance of construction equipment in major construction projects. It notes that construction equipment contributes to economy, quality, safety and timely completion of projects. It then covers various topics related to construction equipment including classification based on work type, common equipment types, factors to consider when selecting equipment, and financial aspects like arranging finance, purchasing vs hiring equipment.
Estimation involves working out the approximate cost of an engineering project before execution to determine feasibility and ensure adequate financial resources. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, as well as experience and good judgment. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of each work item from detailed drawings after design is finalized to eliminate mistakes from the rough cost estimate. It is submitted for technical approval before tendering.
Rate analysis and costing - Estimation, Costing and Valuation EngineeringShanmugasundaram N
Standard Data – Observed Data – Schedule of rates – Market rates – Standard Data for Man Hours and Machineries for common civil works – Rate Analysis for all Building works, canals, and Roads– Cost Estimates
This document defines rate analysis in civil engineering projects as determining the rate of work like earthwork, concrete work, etc. It discusses factors that influence rates like material specifications, quantities, labor costs, transportation costs, and profit. Rate analysis is important to determine actual unit costs, economical use of materials, cost of extra work, and revising rates due to cost changes. The document provides examples of labor classification, lead statements to calculate material transportation costs, and defines lead and lift terms for earthwork.
This document provides a rate analysis for 10 cubic meters of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) slab with a mix ratio of 1:2:4.
The rate analysis calculates costs for materials, labor, equipment rental, water charges, and contractor profit. Material costs include cement, sand, coarse aggregate, and steel reinforcement. Labor costs account for masons for mixing, transporting, placing, binding, and shuttering.
The total cost is Rs. 84,996, to which water charges of 1.5% and 10% contractor profit are added. The final rate calculated per cubic meter of RCC slab is Rs. 9,477.
The document discusses different approximate estimating methods used to prepare preliminary cost estimates for civil engineering projects. These include the service unit method, plinth area rate method, cubical content method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method. Approximate estimates are prepared early in the project planning process to get a rough idea of probable costs and assess project feasibility before committing resources to detailed design and planning.
The document discusses various types of construction contracts. It describes lump sum contracts, item rate contracts, labour contracts, and cost reimbursement contracts. It provides details on how each contract type works, including payment structures, risk allocation, and suitable applications for different contract types. Key factors like flexibility, incentives, and risk allocation are considered when choosing the appropriate construction contract.
The document discusses key concepts related to project cost estimation including:
1) Estimates are prepared before construction to anticipate probable costs by computing quantities and costs of materials, labor, and other expenses.
2) Drawings and specifications are used to estimate quantities of materials and work.
3) Rates for materials, labor, transportation and other costs are used to calculate unit costs for items.
4) Different types of estimates are prepared at various stages including preliminary, plinth area, cube rate, detailed, revised, and annual maintenance estimates.
Terminology used in estimating and costingJanak Mehta
This document defines key terminology used in construction estimating and costing, including: taking off quantities, provisional sums, prime cost, provisional quantities, spot items, day work, contingencies, work charged establishment charges, water charges, and overhead charges. It provides details on how each term is defined and applied when preparing cost estimates for construction projects.
The document discusses the concepts of estimating, costing, technical sanction, administrative approval and budgetary provision as they relate to construction projects. It defines estimating as working out the approximate cost of a work by calculating quantities and costs, while costing determines the actual cost using measurement and abstract sheets. Technical sanction involves formal acceptance of the proposal and preliminary plans by competent authorities, and administrative approval provides budgetary provision for projects according to the 5-year plan after review.
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, and skills like experience, judgment, and foresight. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates and detailed estimates. A rough cost estimate provides an initial approximate cost based on unit costs from similar past projects. It is used to assess the feasibility of a project and obtain initial approval. A detailed estimate provides a more accurate expected cost based on detailed plans and specifications by calculating the quantities of materials and hours of labor.
This document provides specifications for different classes of buildings and roads. It defines specifications as describing the nature, materials, and workmanship for a construction project. Building specifications are classified as general or brief (covering foundation, walls, roofing, etc. for different classes) and detailed. It provides the general specifications for various components like foundation, walls, roofing, flooring and finishing for first, second, third and fourth class buildings. Road specifications include details for subgrade, soiling, intercoat, topcoat, brick edging and considerations for heavy traffic or weak subgrade.
This document provides an introduction to construction estimation and measurement. It defines estimation as calculating quantities and costs for construction work items. Estimates require drawings, specifications, and site data. They are prepared by measuring quantities from drawings and multiplying by unit costs. Estimates are needed to determine project costs, materials, schedules, and more. The document discusses types of estimates like preliminary, detailed, quantity, and revised estimates. It also defines estimation terms and outlines the process for preparing a detailed estimate using measurement and cost forms.
Valuation is determining the fair price or value of a property like buildings, land, etc. It considers factors like construction cost, age, maintenance, location, and income generated. Common valuation methods are rental method, comparing recent sale prices, and depreciation method. Rent is usually fixed as a percentage of valuation, with allowances for expenses like repairs, taxes, and management costs. Depreciation and obsolescence reduce value over time. Various terms related to valuation are defined, like gross income, net income, salvage value, sinking fund, and years purchase.
This document discusses various methods of construction cost estimation, including preliminary estimates, plinth area method, cubical contents method, unit base method, abstract estimates, detailed estimates, bottom up method, and square foot estimates. It also discusses factors that influence specification, rate analysis, and final estimates. Preliminary estimates provide early project costs but have low accuracy of 20-30%. Detailed estimates use quantities, rates, and specifications to determine costs more accurately. The bottom up method aggregates task estimates to determine total project costs.
This document provides details for estimating the cost of constructing a two room office building, including specifications, dimensions, and calculations. It begins by outlining the footing, floor, and roof details. It then provides a three step process for cost estimation: [1] excavation, [2] PCC (plain cement concrete) for foundations, and [3] calculating quantities of cement, sand, and aggregate required for the PCC based on the volume. Calculations are shown using the center line method to determine excavation and concrete quantities based on wall lengths and dimensions.
The document discusses various types of cost estimates used in construction projects. It describes preliminary estimates prepared during the initial project planning stage to provide clients an idea of projected costs. It also discusses plinth area estimates, cubic content estimates, annual repair estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and detailed estimates. Detailed estimates involve quantifying all work items, calculating costs, and including factors like materials, labor, equipment in the final estimate.
Contracts and Tenders
When two or more persons have common intention communicated to each other to create same obligation between them there is said to be an agreement. An agreement which is enforceable by law is a Contract.
A Tenders is called upon for executing certain specified work, or supplying specified materials; subjected to certain terms and conditions like rates, time limit, etc. It is an offer in written form: Legally speaking, it is an offer to receive an offer for the work, within the specified financial limits.
Check for more presentations at - www.archistudent.net
The document discusses various concepts related to property valuation, including:
- The role of a valuer is to assess the present fair value of a property using their expertise in areas like construction, planning, and relevant laws.
- Valuation considers factors like supply/demand, purpose of valuation, and methods differ for open plots, existing structures, and leasehold properties.
- Key terms are defined, like capitalized value, years purchase, sinking fund, depreciation, and different types of values.
- Depreciation accounts for loss in a property's value over time from various factors like wear and tear, obsolescence, and contingencies.
This document provides an introduction to the subject of estimating and costing for the 2nd year intermediate vocational course in construction technology. It discusses key definitions like estimating, costing, and procedures for estimating. The importance of estimation and costing is explained. The data required for preparing an estimate like drawings, specifications, and rates is described. The document also discusses complete estimates, lump sum items, and work charged establishment. Measurement units for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works are listed with the applicable unit of measurement and payment.
Dampness in buildings can cause health issues and damage to the structure. It is caused by factors like rain penetration, soil drainage issues, and defective construction. Remedies include installing damp proofing courses of flexible or rigid materials at locations like foundation level, parapets, and windowsills. Proper ventilation and moisture management can also help reduce excessive moisture in homes.
The document discusses the importance of construction equipment in major construction projects. It notes that construction equipment contributes to economy, quality, safety and timely completion of projects. It then covers various topics related to construction equipment including classification based on work type, common equipment types, factors to consider when selecting equipment, and financial aspects like arranging finance, purchasing vs hiring equipment.
Estimation involves working out the approximate cost of an engineering project before execution to determine feasibility and ensure adequate financial resources. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, as well as experience and good judgment. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of each work item from detailed drawings after design is finalized to eliminate mistakes from the rough cost estimate. It is submitted for technical approval before tendering.
Rate analysis and costing - Estimation, Costing and Valuation EngineeringShanmugasundaram N
Standard Data – Observed Data – Schedule of rates – Market rates – Standard Data for Man Hours and Machineries for common civil works – Rate Analysis for all Building works, canals, and Roads– Cost Estimates
This document defines rate analysis in civil engineering projects as determining the rate of work like earthwork, concrete work, etc. It discusses factors that influence rates like material specifications, quantities, labor costs, transportation costs, and profit. Rate analysis is important to determine actual unit costs, economical use of materials, cost of extra work, and revising rates due to cost changes. The document provides examples of labor classification, lead statements to calculate material transportation costs, and defines lead and lift terms for earthwork.
This document provides a rate analysis for 10 cubic meters of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) slab with a mix ratio of 1:2:4.
The rate analysis calculates costs for materials, labor, equipment rental, water charges, and contractor profit. Material costs include cement, sand, coarse aggregate, and steel reinforcement. Labor costs account for masons for mixing, transporting, placing, binding, and shuttering.
The total cost is Rs. 84,996, to which water charges of 1.5% and 10% contractor profit are added. The final rate calculated per cubic meter of RCC slab is Rs. 9,477.
This document provides guidance on estimating costs for construction projects. It discusses estimating material costs by determining quantities needed from specifications and surveying market prices. Labour costs are estimated by determining the number and wages of required labourers. Other estimated costs include tools/plants, transportation, water, overhead and contractor profit. Sample calculations are provided to estimate costs for excavation work, brickwork, plastering and concrete work based on unit rates of materials, labour and other costs. The estimates are summarized in rate analysis tables for each work item.
1. The document discusses rate analysis and costing for construction projects. It covers collecting standard data on labor and machinery hours, analyzing market and schedule rates, and preparing cost estimates using computer software.
2. Key steps in rate analysis are collecting data on labor and material rates, quantities from standard data books, calculating costs, and adding overhead and profit to determine the unit rate.
3. Important considerations for rate analysis include drawings, specifications, labor costs, material costs and transportation, tools and plants, overhead charges, and contractors' profit. The analysis is done to accurately estimate costs.
The document provides an introduction to the concepts of estimation and quantity surveying in construction projects. It discusses the key steps and considerations in preparing different types of cost estimates, including preliminary, detailed, quantity, revised, and annual repair estimates. Various methods for preparing approximate estimates are described, such as the service unit method, plinth area method, floor area method, carpet area method, percentage method, and cubical content method. Requirements for preparing accurate estimates like drawings, specifications, and rate analysis are also outlined.
The document provides information on various concepts related to construction estimating and costing. It defines key terms like estimate, quantity survey, specifications, rates, and different types of plans used in construction like site plan, line plan, index plan, detailed plan, and center line plan. It also discusses supplementary estimates, administrative approval, technical sanction, lumpsum items, plinth area, circulation area. It describes the process of preparing an estimate including required data, measurements and calculations of quantities.
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins based on plans, specifications, and current construction costs. It requires extensive knowledge of construction procedures, materials, labor, and the ability to foresee potential issues. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates used early in planning to determine feasibility, and detailed estimates used for technical approval once design is finalized. Proper estimation involves accurately quantifying all work items, applying current unit rates, and including contingencies for unforeseen circumstances.
Estimation and costing of a commercial buildinglckr117
This document provides information on estimating and costing for a commercial building project. It defines estimation as calculating expected expenditures for a project based on drawings, specifications, and schedule of rates. Estimates are needed to determine feasibility, invite tenders, control costs, and ensure funds are sufficient. The estimate preparation involves detailed measurements, unit rates, and an abstract of costs. Reinforced concrete, electrification, and sanitary works are also discussed in terms of estimating quantities and rates.
This document provides guidance for conducting rate analysis for road and bridge works. It discusses the standard data book that was first published in 1994 and recently revised in 2019 to update schedules of rates. The data book includes rates for labor, materials, plants/equipment, overhead charges, and contractor profit to estimate the cost per unit of various construction items. It outlines the methodology for rate analysis, including considerations for different project sizes, terrain, output efficiencies, and inflation. The document aims to support uniform rate setting across projects for accurate cost estimation.
The document provides information on estimating and costing for a commercial building project, including definitions, requirements, procedures, and methods used. It discusses the need for estimation to determine project feasibility and cost, the data required including drawings, specifications, and rates. It also outlines the process for preparing detailed and approximate estimates, including calculating quantities, developing rate analyses, and accounting for items like reinforced concrete, electrification, and sanitary works.
Estimating & costing of civil engineering structuresAyan Sengupta
This document provides information on construction cost estimation. It defines estimation as determining the approximate cost of a project before work begins based on knowledge of construction procedures and costs. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating item costs from working drawings to determine the total cost. Factors like site conditions, materials, labor, and unforeseen issues can affect costs. Good estimators have construction knowledge, experience, judgment, and analytical skills to accurately assess costs. Different types of estimates exist for different purposes during the project development and execution process.
The document provides an overview of the course "Quantity Surveying and Valuation". It lists textbooks and reference books for the course. It outlines the topics that will be covered in Unit 1 on Estimation, including definition of estimates, types of estimates, methods of measurement, and terminology used in estimates. It also describes the method of calculating quantities for different building estimate methods and standards from the Indian Standard code for measurement of quantities in civil works.
This document discusses the estimation and costing of soil and water conservation measures. It describes the different types of estimates needed including preliminary estimates, detailed estimates, revised estimates, and supplementary estimates. It provides details on how estimates are prepared including using data books, schedules of rates, and determining conveyance and lead/lift costs for different items. The key information included are the types of estimates needed for soil and water conservation projects, how rates are determined, and what components like labor, materials, and transportation are included in cost estimates.
This document outlines the process and steps for construction cost estimating. It begins by defining estimating and differentiating it from calculation. It then describes the key steps in the estimating process: planning and scheduling, project study and data collection, preparing method statements, assessing resource outputs, and calculating direct, overhead and total costs. The document provides examples of calculating labor, equipment and material rates. It also discusses different estimating methods and includes an example cost estimate calculation for a bridge project.
This document provides an overview of estimating and costing for construction projects. It discusses the importance of estimating, the types of estimates including preliminary, plinth area, cube rate, and detailed estimates. It also covers the data required for estimating such as drawings, specifications, rates. Rate analysis and terms used in estimating and costing such as contingencies charges, work charge establishment are also defined. Finally, common units of measurement for construction activities are listed.
The document provides information about the course CE8701 Estimation, Costing and Valuation Engineering. It discusses the objectives of the course which is to provide knowledge in estimation, tender practices, contract procedures and valuation. It outlines the 5 units that will be covered: quantity estimation, rate analysis and costing, specifications, reports and tenders, contracts, and valuation. It also provides examples of how to prepare rough cost estimates using the plinth area and unit base methods and how to take out quantities for preparing a detailed estimate using the centre line and long wall and short wall methods.
Estimating and costing I Chapter 2.pptxcricketreview
This document discusses different types of construction cost estimates:
1) Preliminary estimates provide a rough cost quickly without detailed drawings. Methods include plinth area rates and cube rates.
2) Detailed estimates require detailed drawings and specifications to calculate accurate quantities and costs.
3) Revised estimates are prepared when initial estimates increase over 5% due to rate or quantity changes.
4) Other estimates include supplementary, annual maintenance, extension, and complete estimates. Numerical examples demonstrate calculating plinth area rates and cube rates.
This document provides an introduction and overview of preliminary or approximate estimates and related estimation methods. It discusses several methods for preparing preliminary estimates, including the plinth area method, cubic content method, service unit method, bay method, and approximate quantity method. It also covers detailed estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and annual maintenance estimates. Key factors for estimation like drawings, specifications, rates, measurements, and circulars are also outlined. Common items of work, units of measurement, and rules for deductions are defined. The document concludes with definitions of valuation, factors affecting property value, types of value, valuation methods, and depreciation methods.
PREPARE RATE ANALYSIS OF PAINTING WORK USING OBD , PLASTIC EMULSION OIL PAINT...ssuser217c6f
This document provides details of a micro project analyzing rates for preparing an 8 km WBM road. It includes an introduction, factors affecting rate analysis, elements of rate analysis, why it is required, an analysis of rates example, and references. The project was completed by 3 students and certified by their professor for their Civil Engineering program. Key points covered include labor costs, material costs, transportation costs, contractor overhead and profit, and how rate analysis is used for tendering, project planning, and disputes.
Quantity Survey and Estimation basic termsmeghajain275
Estimation and costing involves calculating the quantities of materials and labor needed to complete construction projects along with expected costs. This helps determine a project's budget, schedule, and secures necessary funding. Key aspects include measurement books to record work, rate schedules, and contingencies to account for unexpected costs. Estimates include preliminary, detailed and revised versions and consider items like plinth area, cube volume, and labor. Accurate estimation is essential for project planning and management.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teachingDerek Wenmoth
Keynote presentation to the Educational Leaders hui Kōkiritia Marautanga held in Auckland on 26 June 2024. Provides a high level overview of the history and development of the science of learning, and implications for the design of learning in our modern schools and classrooms.
Dreamin in Color '24 - (Workshop) Design an API Specification with MuleSoft's...Alexandra N. Martinez
This workshop was presented in New Orleans for the Dreamin' in Color conference on June 21, 2024.
Presented by Alex Martinez, MuleSoft developer advocate at Salesforce.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
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Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
3. The process of determining rate of any work in
Civil Engineering project like earthwork,
concrete work, brickwork, plastering, painting
etc. is known as Analysis of Rates or simply Rate
Analysis.
The rates of these works further help in
determining cost of particular work and in turn
cost of the project.
The rate of any process or work depends on
various factors.
4. The various factors that are involved in determining
rate of any process or work are mentioned below :
Specifications of works and material about their
quality, proportion and constructional operation
method.
Quantity of materials and their costs.
Cost of labour and their wages.
Location of site of work and the distances from
source and conveyance charges.
Overhead and establishment charges
Profit
5. To determine the actual cost per unit of the
items.
To work out the economical use of materials and
processes in completing the particulars item.
To calculate the cost of extra items which are
not provided in the contract bond, but are to be
executed as per the directions of the
department.
To revise the schedule of rates due to increase in
the cost of material and labour or due to change
in technique.
6. Labour : May be classified into three types.
Skilled Ist class
Skilled IInd class
Unskilled
Labour charges can be obtained from Schedule of Rates. 30% of
the skilled labour in data should be taken as Ist class and
remaining 70% as IInd class.
Lead Statement :The distance between the source of
availability of material and construction site is known as
Lead and is calculated in km.The conveyance cost of
material depends on lead
The lead statement will give the total cost of materials per unit
item including first cost, conveyance loading-unloading,
stacking charges etc.
7. S.No. Materials Cost at
Source
Per Lead in Km Conveyance
charges per
Km
1 Rough Stone 260.00 cum 18 5.00/cum
2 Sand 12.00 cum 25 4.00/cum
3 Cement 2100.00 tonn Local -
S.No. Mtls. Cost at
Source
Per Lead
in
Km
Conveyance
charges Rs.
Total
Conveyance
charges Rs.
Total Cost
Rs.
1 Rough
Stone
260.00 cum 18 5.00/cum 5×18= 90.00 260+90=
350.00
2 Sand 12.00 cum 25 4.00/cum 4×25= 100.00 100+12=
112.00
3 Cement 2100.00 tonn Local - - 2100/
tonn
Analysis of Rates from Lead Statement
8. Lead : During the earthwork, the average horizontal
distance between center of excavation to the center
of deposition is known as Lead.
Lead is normally calculated in multiple of 50m
Lift : Similarly during the earthwork, the average
height through which soil has to be lifted from source
to the place of spreading(also known as heaping) is
known as Lift.
The first Lift is taken upto 2m.
The extra lift is counted for upto 1m after the first lift and
so on.
9. Let us say we need to calculate number of lifts
when soil is to be lifted 3.5m from the source.
Upto 2m : 1 Lift
1m : 1 Lift
0.5m : 1 Lift
Total number of Lifts are 3 in this case.
10. For practicing how to carry out Rate Analysis ,
please refer the following books :
Estimating and Costing by B.N. Datta, UBSPD,
New Delhi
Estimating and Costing by G.S. Birdie, Dhanpat
Rai Publication New Delhi
Estimating and Costing byV.N. Chakravorty,
Calcutta
Civil Engg. Contracts & Estimates by B.S. Patil,
Orient-Longman Ltd., New Delhi