Estimates are important documents that calculate the quantities, rates, and anticipated costs of works involved in a construction project. They help determine approximate construction costs, taxes, rents, materials, labor, and more. A quantity surveyor takes off quantities from drawings and calculates rates and costs. Estimates include preliminary, rough cost, detailed, annual repair, special repair, revised, supplementary, and complete estimates. They provide essential cost information to help plan and budget construction projects.
The document discusses key concepts related to project cost estimation including:
1) Estimates are prepared before construction to anticipate probable costs by computing quantities and costs of materials, labor, and other expenses.
2) Drawings and specifications are used to estimate quantities of materials and work.
3) Rates for materials, labor, transportation and other costs are used to calculate unit costs for items.
4) Different types of estimates are prepared at various stages including preliminary, plinth area, cube rate, detailed, revised, and annual maintenance estimates.
The document discusses different types of construction cost estimates. It describes preliminary estimates which provide approximate costs using methods like per unit, plinth area, or cubic content. Detailed estimates involve accurately calculating quantities for each work item. Other estimates include revised estimates for costs exceeding 5% of original estimates, supplementary estimates for additional works, and annual repair estimates for maintenance. Terminology related to construction projects is also defined.
This document provides an introduction to construction estimation and measurement. It defines estimation as calculating quantities and costs for construction work items. Estimates require drawings, specifications, and site data. They are prepared by measuring quantities from drawings and multiplying by unit costs. Estimates are needed to determine project costs, materials, schedules, and more. The document discusses types of estimates like preliminary, detailed, quantity, and revised estimates. It also defines estimation terms and outlines the process for preparing a detailed estimate using measurement and cost forms.
The document discusses different approximate estimating methods used to prepare preliminary cost estimates for civil engineering projects. These include the service unit method, plinth area rate method, cubical content method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method. Approximate estimates are prepared early in the project planning process to get a rough idea of probable costs and assess project feasibility before committing resources to detailed design and planning.
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, and skills like experience, judgment, and foresight. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates and detailed estimates. A rough cost estimate provides an initial approximate cost based on unit costs from similar past projects. It is used to assess the feasibility of a project and obtain initial approval. A detailed estimate provides a more accurate expected cost based on detailed plans and specifications by calculating the quantities of materials and hours of labor.
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
The document discusses key concepts related to project cost estimation including:
1) Estimates are prepared before construction to anticipate probable costs by computing quantities and costs of materials, labor, and other expenses.
2) Drawings and specifications are used to estimate quantities of materials and work.
3) Rates for materials, labor, transportation and other costs are used to calculate unit costs for items.
4) Different types of estimates are prepared at various stages including preliminary, plinth area, cube rate, detailed, revised, and annual maintenance estimates.
The document discusses different types of construction cost estimates. It describes preliminary estimates which provide approximate costs using methods like per unit, plinth area, or cubic content. Detailed estimates involve accurately calculating quantities for each work item. Other estimates include revised estimates for costs exceeding 5% of original estimates, supplementary estimates for additional works, and annual repair estimates for maintenance. Terminology related to construction projects is also defined.
This document provides an introduction to construction estimation and measurement. It defines estimation as calculating quantities and costs for construction work items. Estimates require drawings, specifications, and site data. They are prepared by measuring quantities from drawings and multiplying by unit costs. Estimates are needed to determine project costs, materials, schedules, and more. The document discusses types of estimates like preliminary, detailed, quantity, and revised estimates. It also defines estimation terms and outlines the process for preparing a detailed estimate using measurement and cost forms.
The document discusses different approximate estimating methods used to prepare preliminary cost estimates for civil engineering projects. These include the service unit method, plinth area rate method, cubical content method, typical bay method, and approximate quantity method. Approximate estimates are prepared early in the project planning process to get a rough idea of probable costs and assess project feasibility before committing resources to detailed design and planning.
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, and skills like experience, judgment, and foresight. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates and detailed estimates. A rough cost estimate provides an initial approximate cost based on unit costs from similar past projects. It is used to assess the feasibility of a project and obtain initial approval. A detailed estimate provides a more accurate expected cost based on detailed plans and specifications by calculating the quantities of materials and hours of labor.
This presentation covers introduction to Estimating and costing and its importance. Also, types of estimation, different terms and provisions used in estimating, are explained in it. Format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet and the rate analysis has been covered in this presentation. It can be helpful to study basics of estimating and costing.
The document provides an introduction to the concepts of estimation and quantity surveying in construction projects. It discusses the key steps and considerations in preparing different types of cost estimates, including preliminary, detailed, quantity, revised, and annual repair estimates. Various methods for preparing approximate estimates are described, such as the service unit method, plinth area method, floor area method, carpet area method, percentage method, and cubical content method. Requirements for preparing accurate estimates like drawings, specifications, and rate analysis are also outlined.
This document provides instructions for measuring quantities of materials and works for construction estimating. It discusses the units of measurement for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works. It explains the long wall short wall method and centerline method for calculating quantities of items like earthwork and masonry. Tolerances for linear, area and cubic measurements are also specified. The document aims to standardize measurement practices for preparing accurate construction estimates.
This document provides specifications for different classes of buildings and roads. It defines specifications as describing the nature, materials, and workmanship for a construction project. Building specifications are classified as general or brief (covering foundation, walls, roofing, etc. for different classes) and detailed. It provides the general specifications for various components like foundation, walls, roofing, flooring and finishing for first, second, third and fourth class buildings. Road specifications include details for subgrade, soiling, intercoat, topcoat, brick edging and considerations for heavy traffic or weak subgrade.
Terminology used in estimating and costingJanak Mehta
This document defines key terminology used in construction estimating and costing, including: taking off quantities, provisional sums, prime cost, provisional quantities, spot items, day work, contingencies, work charged establishment charges, water charges, and overhead charges. It provides details on how each term is defined and applied when preparing cost estimates for construction projects.
The document discusses specifications in engineering projects. It defines specifications as a detailed description of materials, workmanship, and other requirements to complete a project according to its drawings. Specifications are necessary to define quality standards, guide construction, and resolve disputes. They form an essential part of contract documents along with drawings, bills of quantities, and schedules of rates. The document outlines how to write specifications by describing materials, workmanship, tools, testing, and protection of works. It also differentiates between general and detailed specifications.
Estimation involves working out the approximate cost of an engineering project before execution to determine feasibility and ensure adequate financial resources. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, as well as experience and good judgment. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of each work item from detailed drawings after design is finalized to eliminate mistakes from the rough cost estimate. It is submitted for technical approval before tendering.
The document discusses various types of cost estimates used in construction projects. It describes preliminary estimates prepared during the initial project planning stage to provide clients an idea of projected costs. It also discusses plinth area estimates, cubic content estimates, annual repair estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and detailed estimates. Detailed estimates involve quantifying all work items, calculating costs, and including factors like materials, labor, equipment in the final estimate.
This document provides information about estimating costs for construction projects. It discusses the importance of estimating, requirements for preparing estimates like drawings and specifications, types of estimates, and methods for taking quantities and measurements. Estimating involves calculating quantities of materials, labor, and expenses for individual work items. The document also covers estimating earthwork quantities, reinforcement in concrete, schedule of bars, and analyzing rates to determine costs.
This document provides an analysis of rates for various civil engineering works including excavation, sand filling, brick masonry, concrete works, and reinforced cement concrete works. It includes calculations of quantities of materials required and rates analysis for a unit quantity (typically 1 cubic meter or 10 cubic meters) with breakdown of material and labor costs. Factors affecting rates and data required for rate analysis are also discussed.
For civil engineer quantity surveying and estimation costing is very important for any project.
In this presentation we study about the Important terms used in estimation and costing, contingencies, work charge establishment, tools and plants, etc. types of estimates and their functions.
Dampness in buildings can cause health issues and damage to the structure. It is caused by factors like rain penetration, soil drainage issues, and defective construction. Remedies include installing damp proofing courses of flexible or rigid materials at locations like foundation level, parapets, and windowsills. Proper ventilation and moisture management can also help reduce excessive moisture in homes.
The document discusses the concepts of estimating, costing, technical sanction, administrative approval and budgetary provision as they relate to construction projects. It defines estimating as working out the approximate cost of a work by calculating quantities and costs, while costing determines the actual cost using measurement and abstract sheets. Technical sanction involves formal acceptance of the proposal and preliminary plans by competent authorities, and administrative approval provides budgetary provision for projects according to the 5-year plan after review.
The document discusses the process of preparing a detailed estimate for a construction project. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of all project items based on detailed drawings. It is used to obtain approval from authorities, develop contract documents, and guide project execution by estimating materials, labor, and activities needed. The estimate involves taking measurements from drawings, applying specifications and rates, and abstracting totals for all items.
The document discusses Bills of Quantities (BOQ), which are schedules that categorize, detail, and quantify materials and costs for construction projects. A BOQ is an important communication tool between clients, consultants, and contractors that provides estimated costs, defines the scope of work, and establishes a basis for cost valuation and contract payments. It generally includes item descriptions, units, quantities, rates, and amounts in a tabular format. BOQs help standardize bidding, financial administration, and valuation of variations throughout the project lifecycle.
This document discusses rate analysis and valuation of properties. It provides information on:
1) Rate analysis is determining the cost per unit of work based on material, labor, and other costs. Rates vary by location. Rate analysis is used to determine actual costs, optimize efficiency, and revise rates due to cost changes.
2) Valuation estimates the fair price or value of a property based on type, location, quality, size, and other factors. It is used for buying/selling, taxation, rent calculation, loans, and more. Valuation considers cost, depreciation, income, expenses, and taxes to determine present value.
3) Key terms like market value, scrap value, salv
The document discusses various concepts related to property valuation, including:
- The role of a valuer is to assess the present fair value of a property using their expertise in areas like construction, planning, and relevant laws.
- Valuation considers factors like supply/demand, purpose of valuation, and methods differ for open plots, existing structures, and leasehold properties.
- Key terms are defined, like capitalized value, years purchase, sinking fund, depreciation, and different types of values.
- Depreciation accounts for loss in a property's value over time from various factors like wear and tear, obsolescence, and contingencies.
The analysis of rates is determining the cost per unit of an item of work based on materials, labor, and other expenses. It involves calculating the costs of materials and labor, which vary by location, and determining the actual cost per unit. This is used to calculate the costs of extra work, revise rates due to cost changes, and ensure economical use of materials and processes. Factors that influence the analysis include material and labor costs, equipment, work conditions, specifications, and contractor profit.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
This document describes several types of construction contracts: lump-sum, cost plus fixed fee, cost plus bid fee, guaranteed maximum, negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key. Lump-sum contracts establish a fixed total price upfront, while cost plus contracts reimburse the contractor's costs plus a fixed or percentage-based fee. Guaranteed maximum contracts set a ceiling on costs. Negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key contracts vary in responsibilities and payment structures.
0111CE702-ESTIMATION AND QUANTITY SURVEYING VII SEMESTER E-LEARNING MATERIALNat Rice
This document provides an overview of estimation and quantity surveying as taught in a 7th semester civil engineering course. It covers the objectives of estimating quantities of materials for various construction works. The document outlines 5 units that will be covered: estimates of buildings, other structures, specifications and tenders, valuation, and report preparation. It also describes the different types of estimates including preliminary, rough cost based on plinth area or cubic contents, detailed, annual repair, special repair, revised, and supplementary estimates. Finally, it discusses various methods for taking out estimates such as the center line, crossing, out to out/in to in, bay, and service unit methods.
The document provides information on preparing various types of project estimates and reports, including:
1. It outlines the typical steps involved in project estimation such as preliminary surveys, preparation of preliminary estimates, detailed surveying, land acquisition calculations, structural design, preparation of working drawings and quantity estimates.
2. Guidelines are provided for preparing estimates and reports for different project types like buildings, roads, and irrigation/drainage projects. Key components like abstract of costs, project reports, specifications and drawings are discussed.
3. Specific considerations for preparing estimates of building projects, road projects, and small irrigation projects are described, including required documents and treatment of cost components.
The document provides an introduction to the concepts of estimation and quantity surveying in construction projects. It discusses the key steps and considerations in preparing different types of cost estimates, including preliminary, detailed, quantity, revised, and annual repair estimates. Various methods for preparing approximate estimates are described, such as the service unit method, plinth area method, floor area method, carpet area method, percentage method, and cubical content method. Requirements for preparing accurate estimates like drawings, specifications, and rate analysis are also outlined.
This document provides instructions for measuring quantities of materials and works for construction estimating. It discusses the units of measurement for different construction items like earthwork, concrete, masonry, woodwork, and finishing works. It explains the long wall short wall method and centerline method for calculating quantities of items like earthwork and masonry. Tolerances for linear, area and cubic measurements are also specified. The document aims to standardize measurement practices for preparing accurate construction estimates.
This document provides specifications for different classes of buildings and roads. It defines specifications as describing the nature, materials, and workmanship for a construction project. Building specifications are classified as general or brief (covering foundation, walls, roofing, etc. for different classes) and detailed. It provides the general specifications for various components like foundation, walls, roofing, flooring and finishing for first, second, third and fourth class buildings. Road specifications include details for subgrade, soiling, intercoat, topcoat, brick edging and considerations for heavy traffic or weak subgrade.
Terminology used in estimating and costingJanak Mehta
This document defines key terminology used in construction estimating and costing, including: taking off quantities, provisional sums, prime cost, provisional quantities, spot items, day work, contingencies, work charged establishment charges, water charges, and overhead charges. It provides details on how each term is defined and applied when preparing cost estimates for construction projects.
The document discusses specifications in engineering projects. It defines specifications as a detailed description of materials, workmanship, and other requirements to complete a project according to its drawings. Specifications are necessary to define quality standards, guide construction, and resolve disputes. They form an essential part of contract documents along with drawings, bills of quantities, and schedules of rates. The document outlines how to write specifications by describing materials, workmanship, tools, testing, and protection of works. It also differentiates between general and detailed specifications.
Estimation involves working out the approximate cost of an engineering project before execution to determine feasibility and ensure adequate financial resources. It requires thorough knowledge of construction procedures, material and labor costs, as well as experience and good judgment. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of each work item from detailed drawings after design is finalized to eliminate mistakes from the rough cost estimate. It is submitted for technical approval before tendering.
The document discusses various types of cost estimates used in construction projects. It describes preliminary estimates prepared during the initial project planning stage to provide clients an idea of projected costs. It also discusses plinth area estimates, cubic content estimates, annual repair estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and detailed estimates. Detailed estimates involve quantifying all work items, calculating costs, and including factors like materials, labor, equipment in the final estimate.
This document provides information about estimating costs for construction projects. It discusses the importance of estimating, requirements for preparing estimates like drawings and specifications, types of estimates, and methods for taking quantities and measurements. Estimating involves calculating quantities of materials, labor, and expenses for individual work items. The document also covers estimating earthwork quantities, reinforcement in concrete, schedule of bars, and analyzing rates to determine costs.
This document provides an analysis of rates for various civil engineering works including excavation, sand filling, brick masonry, concrete works, and reinforced cement concrete works. It includes calculations of quantities of materials required and rates analysis for a unit quantity (typically 1 cubic meter or 10 cubic meters) with breakdown of material and labor costs. Factors affecting rates and data required for rate analysis are also discussed.
For civil engineer quantity surveying and estimation costing is very important for any project.
In this presentation we study about the Important terms used in estimation and costing, contingencies, work charge establishment, tools and plants, etc. types of estimates and their functions.
Dampness in buildings can cause health issues and damage to the structure. It is caused by factors like rain penetration, soil drainage issues, and defective construction. Remedies include installing damp proofing courses of flexible or rigid materials at locations like foundation level, parapets, and windowsills. Proper ventilation and moisture management can also help reduce excessive moisture in homes.
The document discusses the concepts of estimating, costing, technical sanction, administrative approval and budgetary provision as they relate to construction projects. It defines estimating as working out the approximate cost of a work by calculating quantities and costs, while costing determines the actual cost using measurement and abstract sheets. Technical sanction involves formal acceptance of the proposal and preliminary plans by competent authorities, and administrative approval provides budgetary provision for projects according to the 5-year plan after review.
The document discusses the process of preparing a detailed estimate for a construction project. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating the costs of all project items based on detailed drawings. It is used to obtain approval from authorities, develop contract documents, and guide project execution by estimating materials, labor, and activities needed. The estimate involves taking measurements from drawings, applying specifications and rates, and abstracting totals for all items.
The document discusses Bills of Quantities (BOQ), which are schedules that categorize, detail, and quantify materials and costs for construction projects. A BOQ is an important communication tool between clients, consultants, and contractors that provides estimated costs, defines the scope of work, and establishes a basis for cost valuation and contract payments. It generally includes item descriptions, units, quantities, rates, and amounts in a tabular format. BOQs help standardize bidding, financial administration, and valuation of variations throughout the project lifecycle.
This document discusses rate analysis and valuation of properties. It provides information on:
1) Rate analysis is determining the cost per unit of work based on material, labor, and other costs. Rates vary by location. Rate analysis is used to determine actual costs, optimize efficiency, and revise rates due to cost changes.
2) Valuation estimates the fair price or value of a property based on type, location, quality, size, and other factors. It is used for buying/selling, taxation, rent calculation, loans, and more. Valuation considers cost, depreciation, income, expenses, and taxes to determine present value.
3) Key terms like market value, scrap value, salv
The document discusses various concepts related to property valuation, including:
- The role of a valuer is to assess the present fair value of a property using their expertise in areas like construction, planning, and relevant laws.
- Valuation considers factors like supply/demand, purpose of valuation, and methods differ for open plots, existing structures, and leasehold properties.
- Key terms are defined, like capitalized value, years purchase, sinking fund, depreciation, and different types of values.
- Depreciation accounts for loss in a property's value over time from various factors like wear and tear, obsolescence, and contingencies.
The analysis of rates is determining the cost per unit of an item of work based on materials, labor, and other expenses. It involves calculating the costs of materials and labor, which vary by location, and determining the actual cost per unit. This is used to calculate the costs of extra work, revise rates due to cost changes, and ensure economical use of materials and processes. Factors that influence the analysis include material and labor costs, equipment, work conditions, specifications, and contractor profit.
Types of Contract in Construction ManagementShahin MB
This document describes several types of construction contracts: lump-sum, cost plus fixed fee, cost plus bid fee, guaranteed maximum, negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key. Lump-sum contracts establish a fixed total price upfront, while cost plus contracts reimburse the contractor's costs plus a fixed or percentage-based fee. Guaranteed maximum contracts set a ceiling on costs. Negotiated, unit-price, design-build, and turn-key contracts vary in responsibilities and payment structures.
0111CE702-ESTIMATION AND QUANTITY SURVEYING VII SEMESTER E-LEARNING MATERIALNat Rice
This document provides an overview of estimation and quantity surveying as taught in a 7th semester civil engineering course. It covers the objectives of estimating quantities of materials for various construction works. The document outlines 5 units that will be covered: estimates of buildings, other structures, specifications and tenders, valuation, and report preparation. It also describes the different types of estimates including preliminary, rough cost based on plinth area or cubic contents, detailed, annual repair, special repair, revised, and supplementary estimates. Finally, it discusses various methods for taking out estimates such as the center line, crossing, out to out/in to in, bay, and service unit methods.
The document provides information on preparing various types of project estimates and reports, including:
1. It outlines the typical steps involved in project estimation such as preliminary surveys, preparation of preliminary estimates, detailed surveying, land acquisition calculations, structural design, preparation of working drawings and quantity estimates.
2. Guidelines are provided for preparing estimates and reports for different project types like buildings, roads, and irrigation/drainage projects. Key components like abstract of costs, project reports, specifications and drawings are discussed.
3. Specific considerations for preparing estimates of building projects, road projects, and small irrigation projects are described, including required documents and treatment of cost components.
lecture ppt for contract administration and governing2cd
This document outlines the course for Contract Administration and Quantity Surveying. It covers estimating techniques like preliminary estimates using plinth area or cubic meter methods, detailed estimates using bills of quantities and rate analysis, and supplementary estimates for changes. Key topics include specifications, measurement, and principles of procurement, contracts, and claims. Evaluation includes a mini project, quizzes, attendance, and a final exam. The instructor is Biniam T.
This document discusses different types of cost estimates used in construction projects. It describes rough cost estimates, which are prepared early in the planning process using average unit costs from similar past projects to estimate total costs. Detailed estimates involve calculating quantities and applying current rates to each item. The document provides examples of rough cost estimates for various types of building projects like residential, office, hospital buildings. It also defines key terms like carpet area, plinth area, and super built-up area used in cost estimates.
I will describe those things in the documents--
Types of Cost Estimates Used in Construction
Following are the different types of cost estimates used in construction,
Preliminary Cost Estimate
Plinth Area Cost Estimate
Cube Rate Cost Estimate
Approximate Quantity Method Cost Estimate
Detailed Cost Estimate
Revised Cost Estimate
Supplementary Cost Estimate
Annual Repair Cost Estimate
Estimation is the process of calculating the approximate costs of an engineering project before work begins based on plans, specifications, and current construction costs. It requires extensive knowledge of construction procedures, materials, labor, and the ability to foresee potential issues. There are two main types of estimates - rough cost estimates used early in planning to determine feasibility, and detailed estimates used for technical approval once design is finalized. Proper estimation involves accurately quantifying all work items, applying current unit rates, and including contingencies for unforeseen circumstances.
Unit 1 - General Items used for buildingHimani762003
This document defines several key technical terms related to building estimates, including:
1. Estimates provide anticipated costs before construction begins by calculating item costs.
2. Quantity surveys calculate and schedule all work items and quantities from drawings.
3. Specifications provide details on work quality, materials, and execution methods.
4. Rates of materials, labor, and transportation are needed to price out estimate items.
5. Plans show building locations, dimensions, and other site details.
Estimating and costing I Chapter 2.pptxcricketreview
This document discusses different types of construction cost estimates:
1) Preliminary estimates provide a rough cost quickly without detailed drawings. Methods include plinth area rates and cube rates.
2) Detailed estimates require detailed drawings and specifications to calculate accurate quantities and costs.
3) Revised estimates are prepared when initial estimates increase over 5% due to rate or quantity changes.
4) Other estimates include supplementary, annual maintenance, extension, and complete estimates. Numerical examples demonstrate calculating plinth area rates and cube rates.
The document provides information on various concepts related to construction estimating and costing. It defines key terms like estimate, quantity survey, specifications, rates, and different types of plans used in construction like site plan, line plan, index plan, detailed plan, and center line plan. It also discusses supplementary estimates, administrative approval, technical sanction, lumpsum items, plinth area, circulation area. It describes the process of preparing an estimate including required data, measurements and calculations of quantities.
The civil engineering construction process involves three main steps: 1) Plans, which include drawings and specifications of the proposed structure; 2) Estimations, to determine the projected cost; and 3) Execution of construction according to the plans and estimations. Estimations require drawings, specifications, and rates to calculate quantities and costs of materials and labor. Different types of estimates include preliminary, detailed, revised, and annual maintenance estimates. Proper estimation is important for project planning, budgeting, procurement, and completion. Accurate measurements, units, and accounting of all items are necessary for a reliable cost estimate.
The document provides information on estimating and costing for a commercial building project, including definitions, requirements, procedures, and methods used. It discusses the need for estimation to determine project feasibility and cost, the data required including drawings, specifications, and rates. It also outlines the process for preparing detailed and approximate estimates, including calculating quantities, developing rate analyses, and accounting for items like reinforced concrete, electrification, and sanitary works.
This document provides an introduction and overview of preliminary or approximate estimates and related estimation methods. It discusses several methods for preparing preliminary estimates, including the plinth area method, cubic content method, service unit method, bay method, and approximate quantity method. It also covers detailed estimates, revised estimates, supplementary estimates, and annual maintenance estimates. Key factors for estimation like drawings, specifications, rates, measurements, and circulars are also outlined. Common items of work, units of measurement, and rules for deductions are defined. The document concludes with definitions of valuation, factors affecting property value, types of value, valuation methods, and depreciation methods.
This document discusses the different types of estimates used in quantity surveying and valuation. It outlines 8 types of estimates: 1) Preliminary or approximate estimate, 2) Rough cost estimate based on plinth area, 3) Rough cost estimate based on cubic contents, 4) Detailed estimate, 5) Annual repair estimate, 6) Special repair estimate, 7) Revised estimate, and 8) Supplementary estimate. For each type of estimate, it provides a brief description and example to illustrate how it is calculated and used.
Estimation and costing of a commercial buildinglckr117
This document provides information on estimating and costing for a commercial building project. It defines estimation as calculating expected expenditures for a project based on drawings, specifications, and schedule of rates. Estimates are needed to determine feasibility, invite tenders, control costs, and ensure funds are sufficient. The estimate preparation involves detailed measurements, unit rates, and an abstract of costs. Reinforced concrete, electrification, and sanitary works are also discussed in terms of estimating quantities and rates.
Construction Planning and Scheduling of Residential Building by MS Project by...Shabaz Khan
This document provides a project report for the planning, scheduling, and estimation of a residential building project consisting of a ground floor and first floor. It includes the project objective, various drawings of the site plan, floor plans, and elevations. It also provides details on the construction planning principles, estimation process, and a title abstract estimate with quantities and costs for various construction items.
Types of estimate - Estimation, Costing and Valuation EngineeringShanmugasundaram N
This document discusses different types of construction cost estimates:
1. Preliminary, plinth area, cube rate, approximate quantity, and detailed estimates are discussed as initial costing methods.
2. Revised, supplementary, and annual repair estimates are described as estimates done when original costs change.
3. The key differences between plinth area and carpet area are explained. Detailed estimates involve measuring quantities of each work item and compiling costs.
Estimating & costing of civil engineering structuresAyan Sengupta
This document provides information on construction cost estimation. It defines estimation as determining the approximate cost of a project before work begins based on knowledge of construction procedures and costs. A detailed estimate involves carefully calculating item costs from working drawings to determine the total cost. Factors like site conditions, materials, labor, and unforeseen issues can affect costs. Good estimators have construction knowledge, experience, judgment, and analytical skills to accurately assess costs. Different types of estimates exist for different purposes during the project development and execution process.
Quantity Survey and Estimation basic termsmeghajain275
Estimation and costing involves calculating the quantities of materials and labor needed to complete construction projects along with expected costs. This helps determine a project's budget, schedule, and secures necessary funding. Key aspects include measurement books to record work, rate schedules, and contingencies to account for unexpected costs. Estimates include preliminary, detailed and revised versions and consider items like plinth area, cube volume, and labor. Accurate estimation is essential for project planning and management.
This document provides information about an estimating and costing course being taught at YBP Sawantwadi Institute. It includes details like the course code, name of the faculty teaching the course, academic year, units covered in the course, course outcomes, and syllabus. The key points are:
- The course is Estimating and Costing with code 22503, being taught in academic year 2020-2021 by faculty member Keshav Ramdas Manerikar.
- The course has 5 units covering fundamentals of estimating, approximate estimates, detailed estimates, rate analysis, and estimating for civil works.
- Upon completing the course, students will be able to prepare estimates, justify rates, use estimating
The document provides information about the course CE8701 Estimation, Costing and Valuation Engineering. It discusses the objectives of the course which is to provide knowledge in estimation, tender practices, contract procedures and valuation. It outlines the 5 units that will be covered: quantity estimation, rate analysis and costing, specifications, reports and tenders, contracts, and valuation. It also provides examples of how to prepare rough cost estimates using the plinth area and unit base methods and how to take out quantities for preparing a detailed estimate using the centre line and long wall and short wall methods.
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Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
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Presented by Alex Martinez, MuleSoft developer advocate at Salesforce.
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Keynote presentation to the Educational Leaders hui Kōkiritia Marautanga held in Auckland on 26 June 2024. Provides a high level overview of the history and development of the science of learning, and implications for the design of learning in our modern schools and classrooms.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
3. ESTIMATE
Estimate is a document which furnishes the quantities
of different works involved, their rates and the
expenditure anticipate in a project
4. NECESSITY OF ESTIMATES
To know about the approximate cost of the
building construction.
To calculate the tax of the building
To fix the rent of building
The know about the various items of works
involved in the building construction and arrange
the available materials of the construction.
To arrange the labours of the construction works.
Take the approval for the government projects.
To having the loan from the bank.
5. QUANTITY SURVEYOR
Takking Off Quantities
Squaring Dimension And Calculating Of Quantity
Data (Calculation Of Rate Per Unit)
Abstract Estimate
Measurement Billing.
6. DUTIES OF QUANTITY SURVEYOR
The quantity surveyor must be well versed with the
drawing of work.
He should be able to read the drawing correctly and
bill the quantities accurately.
He should have the knowledge of the construction
procedure
He should be able to write the description of different
works.
He should able to prepare the schedule of the project
He should be able to value all variations under the
contract.
7. TYPES OF ESTIMATE
The estimates may be divided in to the following categories:-
(1) Preliminary or Approximate estimate.
(2) Rough cost estimate based on plinth area.
(3) Rough cost estimate based on cubic contents.
(4) Detailed estimate.
(5) Annual repair estimate.
(6) Special repair estimate.
(7) Revised estimate
(8) Supplementary estimate.
(9)Complete estimate.
8. 1. Preliminary or Approximate
Estimate
This estimate is prepared to decide financial aspect,
policy and to give idea of the cost of the proposal to the
competent sanctioning authority. It should clearly show the
necessity of the proposal and how the cost has been arrived
at .
The estimate which is prepared using any rough
method to get approximate cost of the construction
anticipate in a project is called approximate estimate.
The following documents should be attached with it.
(a) Detailed report
(b) Site plan of the proposal
(c) It should also clearly mention about the acquisition of
land, Provision of electric and water supply etc.
9. 2. Plinth area Estimate (Based on
Rough Cost)
Plinth area of a building means Length x Breadth ( roofed
portion only ) excluding plinth offsets. The estimates are prepared on
the basis of plinth areas of the various buildings proposed to be
constructed. The rates are being arrived at the dividing the total cost of
construction with its plinth area.
The following documents are attached with the estimate.
(a) Line plan with brief specifications.
(b) Cost of various services added i.e. electric and water supply etc.
(c) North line should be shown clearly on line plan.
10. 3. Detailed Estimate
After getting Administrative approval on rough cost
estimate, detailed estimates are prepared.
The estimate which provide the itemwise quantities of
works, itemwise unit rate and itemwise expenditure in
the project is called detailed estimate.
In this, the estimate is divided in to sub-heads and
quantities of various items are calculated individually.
The detailed estimate shall also provide for the cost of
approach road, water supply, electric installations and
acquisition of land etc., so as to call it a comprehensive
estimate.
11. 4. Cubic Contents Estimate
The cubic contents of a building means plinth area x
height of the building. The height is taken from top
of floor level to top of roof.
The cubic contents of the proposed building are
multiplied with cubic rates arrived at for the similar
construction i.e. total cost of construction divided by
cubic contents = cost per cubic metre.
12. 5. Annual maintenance estimate
Annual maintenance estimates are being prepared
by the concerned department for getting allocation
of funds made in the annual budgets.
In order to keep building and roads in perfect condition,
annual repairs should be carried out as follow:-
(i) In case of a building-white washing, oiling and
painting of doors and windows, cement plaster repairs
(inside & outside), repairs of floors etc. In no case this
annual repair amount should increase more that 11/2%
to 2% of the capital cost of the building.
(ii) In case of a road-filling patches, maintenance of
berms etc.
13. 6. Special repair estimate
If the work cannot be carried out of the annual repair
funds due to certain reasons resulting in the genuine
increase in cost, then special repairs estimate is to be
prepared.
The reason of increase may be:-
(i) In case of a building-opening of new doors, change of
floors, plastering walls etc.
(ii) In case of roads-if the whole surface is full of
corrugation & patches, then the total surface is to be
scarified. The old metal is taken out, consolidation by
adding more metal is done and top surface is repainted.
14. 7. Revised estimate
When the sanctioned estimate exceeds by 5% either due
to the rate being found insufficient or due to some other
reasons, a fresh estimate is prepared which is called a
Revised Estimate. A comparative statement on the last
page of the estimate is attached giving there in the
reasons of the increase of cost in case of each item.
15. 8. Supplementary Estimate
This is fresh detailed estimate in addition to the original
sanctioned estimate prepared when additional works are
deemed necessary during the progress of a work to
supplement the original works. The abstract of cost
should show the amount of the original sanctioned
estimate as well as the supplementary amount of the
original sanctioned estimate as well as the
supplementary amount for which sanction is required.
16. 9.Complete estimate
The estimate which includes, in addition to the cost of
construction, the cost of land, the expenses towards
surveying, preparation of plans and estimates, legal
assistance, registration of documents, payment of
taxes and service charges , etc…. Is called complete
estimate.
17. Sub estimate
Sub estimate are being prepared for
each and every such items in detail
to ensure and see that the expense
towards these items do not exceed
the corresponding provisions already
made in the original estimate.
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