- Beam-column joints are the weakest points in reinforced concrete frames during earthquakes due to stresses that cause cracking and failure. There are two main types of failure: shear and anchorage. - Proper design of beam-column joints including use of closed loop ties, intermediate bars, wider columns, and straight beam bars inserted into the column improves earthquake resistance by resisting distortion and improving concrete confinement. - Innovative techniques for strengthening joints include fiber reinforced concrete and FRP wrapping to prevent cracking and increase strength. Well designed joints are crucial to avoiding damage during seismic activity.