This document discusses retrofitting of structures. Retrofitting is required when structures are damaged or do not meet current seismic standards. It summarizes various retrofitting techniques such as adding shear walls, infill walls, steel bracing, wall thickening, wing walls, mass reduction, base isolation, and jacketing structural elements. It provides examples of existing retrofitted structures in Gujarat. Retrofitting increases strength and ductility but can reduce space and increase foundation loads. Materials discussed include steel, fiber reinforced polymer, and reinforced concrete.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
Concrete jacketing or retrofitting is a procedure to increase the strength of existing structures by modifying them. It makes structures more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, and soil failure from earthquakes. Some purposes of jacketing are to increase concrete confinement, shear strength, and flexural strength through the use of transverse and longitudinal fiber reinforcement. Retrofitting reduces vulnerability to earthquake damage by strengthening structures to current seismic codes. The process involves assessing structural condition, evaluating seismic forces, selecting retrofit strategies, and construction.
Retrofitting is the seismic strengthening of existing damaged or undamaged structures.
Retrofitting a building involves changing its systems or structure after its initial construction and occupation. This work can improve amenities for the building's occupants and improve the performance of the building
This document discusses various techniques for retrofitting concrete structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity and other natural hazards. It defines retrofitting as modifying existing structures to increase resistance. Key techniques mentioned include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, column and beam jacketing with steel or concrete, base isolation using seismic isolators, mass reduction by removing floors, and wall thickening. The document also discusses challenges in retrofitting and standards from Indian codes for earthquake-resistant design. The conclusion emphasizes that retrofitting has matured but expertise is still lacking, and optimization is needed to determine the most cost-effective technique for a given structure.
This document discusses concrete distress, its causes, and concrete repair systems. It defines distress as damage to concrete that can occur during production or service life due to varying conditions. Common causes of distress include structural loads, errors in design and construction, drying shrinkage, corrosion, and deterioration over time from chemical reactions, freezing/thawing, or weathering. Proper concrete repair requires determining the cause of damage, evaluating its extent, selecting repair methods, preparing the surface, applying repair materials, and curing. Durable repairs depend on high quality workmanship and materials to ensure the repair is well-bonded and resistant to future distress.
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This document discusses various techniques for retrofitting existing structures to improve their resistance to seismic activity. It describes adding new shear walls, steel bracing, or jacketing columns as common retrofitting methods. Base isolation, which isolates the structure from foundations, is also discussed. The objectives of retrofitting are outlined as increasing strength, ductility, and protecting life safety. Different classification of retrofitting techniques are provided based on addressing local deficiencies or global irregularities.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
Concrete jacketing or retrofitting is a procedure to increase the strength of existing structures by modifying them. It makes structures more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, and soil failure from earthquakes. Some purposes of jacketing are to increase concrete confinement, shear strength, and flexural strength through the use of transverse and longitudinal fiber reinforcement. Retrofitting reduces vulnerability to earthquake damage by strengthening structures to current seismic codes. The process involves assessing structural condition, evaluating seismic forces, selecting retrofit strategies, and construction.
Retrofitting is the seismic strengthening of existing damaged or undamaged structures.
Retrofitting a building involves changing its systems or structure after its initial construction and occupation. This work can improve amenities for the building's occupants and improve the performance of the building
This document discusses various techniques for retrofitting concrete structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity and other natural hazards. It defines retrofitting as modifying existing structures to increase resistance. Key techniques mentioned include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, column and beam jacketing with steel or concrete, base isolation using seismic isolators, mass reduction by removing floors, and wall thickening. The document also discusses challenges in retrofitting and standards from Indian codes for earthquake-resistant design. The conclusion emphasizes that retrofitting has matured but expertise is still lacking, and optimization is needed to determine the most cost-effective technique for a given structure.
This document discusses concrete distress, its causes, and concrete repair systems. It defines distress as damage to concrete that can occur during production or service life due to varying conditions. Common causes of distress include structural loads, errors in design and construction, drying shrinkage, corrosion, and deterioration over time from chemical reactions, freezing/thawing, or weathering. Proper concrete repair requires determining the cause of damage, evaluating its extent, selecting repair methods, preparing the surface, applying repair materials, and curing. Durable repairs depend on high quality workmanship and materials to ensure the repair is well-bonded and resistant to future distress.
non destructive concrete testing equipment
non destructive concrete testing methods
non destructive test Penetration method
Rebound hammer method
Pull out test method
Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
Radioactive methods
methods of testing concrete
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types of non destructive testing
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concrete tests pdf
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This document discusses various techniques for retrofitting existing structures to improve their resistance to seismic activity. It describes adding new shear walls, steel bracing, or jacketing columns as common retrofitting methods. Base isolation, which isolates the structure from foundations, is also discussed. The objectives of retrofitting are outlined as increasing strength, ductility, and protecting life safety. Different classification of retrofitting techniques are provided based on addressing local deficiencies or global irregularities.
Seismic Retrofitting of Masonry StructuresDr K M SONI
Large number of masonry buildings are susceptible to damages during earthquakes due to no provisions of features of seismic requirements. Such features can be included during seismic retrofitting to increase resistance of buildings to earthquakes.
PROTECTION, REPAIR & MAINTENANCE OF RCC STRUCTURES SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIA...Rising Sher
Repair and strengthening of damaged or vulnerable reinforced concrete Structures is important in order to guarantee the safety of residents or Users. Beams are important structural elements for withstanding loads, so finding the efficient repair and strengthening methods are necessary. In terms of maintaining the safety of the structures. This research study investigated various repair, retrofit, and Strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Comparison and summary of each repair and strengthening method are provided in this thesis. The thesis involves the literature review of current experimental test of Repair and strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Experimental studies were summarized by describing the specimen and loading details, all the methods in the research were categorized into five chapters: section enlargement and concrete jacketing, external Reinforcement, steel plates, unbounded-type strengthening, and concrete Repairs.
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.
Seismic retrofitting involves modifying existing structures to increase their resistance to seismic activity like earthquakes. It is important for historically significant buildings, areas prone to earthquakes, and tall or expensive structures. Retrofitting techniques can strengthen structures by increasing lateral strength, ductility, and strength-ductility. Some common retrofitting methods include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, base isolation, and column jacketing. Column jacketing involves wrapping columns with steel, reinforced concrete, or fiber-reinforced polymers to improve shear and flexural capacity. The selection of a retrofitting technique depends on factors like the structure type, material condition, cost, and effectiveness for the situation.
This document discusses retrofitting of buildings. It begins with an introduction to retrofitting, which is defined as modifying existing structural members to increase resistance to loads. The document then covers the goals of retrofitting such as increasing lateral strength and ductility. It also discusses the need for retrofitting, including when buildings are not designed to code or seismic zones are upgraded. The stages of retrofitting and methods for assessing building condition are outlined. Common retrofitting techniques like concrete and steel jacketing are described and examples of retrofitted structures in Balochistan are provided.
This document discusses ductile detailing of reinforced concrete (RC) frames according to Indian standards. It explains that detailing involves translating the structural design into the final structure through reinforcement drawings. Good detailing ensures reinforcement and concrete interact efficiently. Key aspects of ductile detailing covered include requirements for beams, columns, and beam-column joints to improve ductility and seismic performance. Specific provisions are presented for longitudinal and shear reinforcement in beams and columns, as well as confining reinforcement and lap splices. The importance of cover and stirrup spacing is also discussed.
Prestressed concrete is concrete that is placed under compression using tensioned steel strands, cables, or bars. This is done through either pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. In pre-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned before the concrete is poured, while in post-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned after the concrete has hardened. Prestressed concrete provides benefits over reinforced concrete like lower construction costs, thinner structural elements, and longer spans between supports.
This document discusses retrofitting techniques to strengthen existing structures against seismic activity. It describes upgrading reinforced concrete and masonry structures through methods like reinforced concrete jacketing, steel plate bonding, and adding new structural elements. Recent trends in Pakistan involve using carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites for flexural and shear strengthening. The document provides examples of retrofitting projects completed in Pakistan using these composite systems.
This document summarizes techniques for seismic retrofitting of existing structures. It defines seismic retrofitting as modifying structures to make them more resistant to earthquakes. Common retrofitting techniques discussed include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, jacketing columns and beams, using innovative materials like fiber reinforced polymers, base isolation using elastomeric bearings or sliding systems, and installing seismic dampers. The document also discusses retrofitting performance objectives, codes and guidelines, and provides examples of retrofitted structures.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
Prestressed concrete combines high-strength concrete and high-strength steel in an active manner by tensioning steel tendons and holding them against the concrete, putting it into compression. This transforms concrete from a brittle to a more elastic material. It allows for optimal use of each material's properties and better behavior under loads. Prestressed concrete was pioneered in the 1930s and its use has expanded, finding applications in bridges and other structures. Common methods are pretensioning and post-tensioning, using various tendon types, with bonded or unbonded configurations. Tensioning is done using mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or chemical devices.
Cracks in concrete and its remedial measures kamariya keyur
Cracks in concrete can be caused by various factors like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, thermal variations, chemical reactions, errors in design and construction practices, structural overloads, foundation movement, and vegetation. The document classifies cracks as structural or non-structural and describes different types of cracks that can occur before or after concrete hardening. It provides details on the causes and prevention measures for different types of cracks like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, crazing, thermal cracks, cracks due to chemical reactions, and those arising from poor construction practices. The summary focuses on the key information around classification, types, causes and remedies of cracks in concrete structures.
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.shebina a
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
This document discusses various techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures. It covers topics such as concrete deterioration mechanisms, materials used for repair like cement mortars and polymers, and techniques like grouting, jacketing, and external bonding. Assessment of damaged structures involves preliminary investigation, detailed investigation using techniques like core cutting, rebar location, corrosion measurement, and pull-out tests to determine repair requirements. Underwater repair of structures also requires special considerations and techniques.
It contains details of retrofitting techniques and their application in various aspects in historical monuments. It would help to protect several heritage structures from the devastating effect of the earthquake. Some applications are also helpful too counter act the severe effect of the wind load. There are many historical heritages especially in India, are reopened to the public after being retrofitted and renovated.
Seismic Analysis of regular & Irregular RCC frame structuresDaanish Zama
This document discusses seismic analysis of regular and irregular reinforced concrete framed buildings. It analyzes 4 building models - a regular 4-story building, a stiffness irregular building with a soft ground story, and two vertically irregular buildings with setbacks on the 3rd floor and 2nd/3rd floors. Static analysis was performed to compare bending moments, shear forces, story drifts, and joint displacements. Results showed irregular buildings experienced higher seismic demands. The regular building performed best, with the single setback building also performing well. Irregular configurations increase seismic effects and should be minimized in design.
The document discusses composite construction using precast prestressed concrete beams and cast-in-situ concrete. It describes how the two elements act compositely after the in-situ concrete hardens. Composite beams can be constructed as either propped or unpropped. Propped construction involves supporting the precast beam during casting to relieve it of the wet concrete weight, while unpropped construction allows stresses to develop under self-weight. Design and analysis of composite beams involves calculating stresses and deflections considering composite action. Differential shrinkage between precast and in-situ concrete also induces stresses.
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Kiran more (retrofitting presentation)te bKiranMore87
This document discusses retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. Retrofitting involves strengthening existing structures that may be damaged or undamaged. It is required when structures are subjected to excessive loading, seismic damage, or do not meet current design standards. The objectives of retrofitting are to increase lateral strength, ductility, and provide better connections between structural elements. Common retrofitting techniques discussed include adding shear walls, infill walls, bracing, wall thickening, and base isolation. Local retrofitting involves jacketing beams, columns, and joints using steel, fiber reinforced polymers, or concrete. Examples of retrofitted structures in Gujarat, India are provided.
This document summarizes a student's seminar report on seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete structures. It provides background on seismic retrofitting, including definitions and the need for retrofitting existing earthquake vulnerable buildings. It describes various retrofitting strategies classified as global and local techniques. Case studies from the earthquakes in Latur and Gujarat are presented. Indian codes for designing earthquake resistant buildings are also summarized. The conclusion discusses challenges in retrofitting and the need for optimization techniques and professional codes of practice.
Seismic Retrofitting of Masonry StructuresDr K M SONI
Large number of masonry buildings are susceptible to damages during earthquakes due to no provisions of features of seismic requirements. Such features can be included during seismic retrofitting to increase resistance of buildings to earthquakes.
PROTECTION, REPAIR & MAINTENANCE OF RCC STRUCTURES SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIA...Rising Sher
Repair and strengthening of damaged or vulnerable reinforced concrete Structures is important in order to guarantee the safety of residents or Users. Beams are important structural elements for withstanding loads, so finding the efficient repair and strengthening methods are necessary. In terms of maintaining the safety of the structures. This research study investigated various repair, retrofit, and Strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Comparison and summary of each repair and strengthening method are provided in this thesis. The thesis involves the literature review of current experimental test of Repair and strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete beams. The Experimental studies were summarized by describing the specimen and loading details, all the methods in the research were categorized into five chapters: section enlargement and concrete jacketing, external Reinforcement, steel plates, unbounded-type strengthening, and concrete Repairs.
Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.
Seismic retrofitting involves modifying existing structures to increase their resistance to seismic activity like earthquakes. It is important for historically significant buildings, areas prone to earthquakes, and tall or expensive structures. Retrofitting techniques can strengthen structures by increasing lateral strength, ductility, and strength-ductility. Some common retrofitting methods include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, base isolation, and column jacketing. Column jacketing involves wrapping columns with steel, reinforced concrete, or fiber-reinforced polymers to improve shear and flexural capacity. The selection of a retrofitting technique depends on factors like the structure type, material condition, cost, and effectiveness for the situation.
This document discusses retrofitting of buildings. It begins with an introduction to retrofitting, which is defined as modifying existing structural members to increase resistance to loads. The document then covers the goals of retrofitting such as increasing lateral strength and ductility. It also discusses the need for retrofitting, including when buildings are not designed to code or seismic zones are upgraded. The stages of retrofitting and methods for assessing building condition are outlined. Common retrofitting techniques like concrete and steel jacketing are described and examples of retrofitted structures in Balochistan are provided.
This document discusses ductile detailing of reinforced concrete (RC) frames according to Indian standards. It explains that detailing involves translating the structural design into the final structure through reinforcement drawings. Good detailing ensures reinforcement and concrete interact efficiently. Key aspects of ductile detailing covered include requirements for beams, columns, and beam-column joints to improve ductility and seismic performance. Specific provisions are presented for longitudinal and shear reinforcement in beams and columns, as well as confining reinforcement and lap splices. The importance of cover and stirrup spacing is also discussed.
Prestressed concrete is concrete that is placed under compression using tensioned steel strands, cables, or bars. This is done through either pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. In pre-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned before the concrete is poured, while in post-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned after the concrete has hardened. Prestressed concrete provides benefits over reinforced concrete like lower construction costs, thinner structural elements, and longer spans between supports.
This document discusses retrofitting techniques to strengthen existing structures against seismic activity. It describes upgrading reinforced concrete and masonry structures through methods like reinforced concrete jacketing, steel plate bonding, and adding new structural elements. Recent trends in Pakistan involve using carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites for flexural and shear strengthening. The document provides examples of retrofitting projects completed in Pakistan using these composite systems.
This document summarizes techniques for seismic retrofitting of existing structures. It defines seismic retrofitting as modifying structures to make them more resistant to earthquakes. Common retrofitting techniques discussed include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, jacketing columns and beams, using innovative materials like fiber reinforced polymers, base isolation using elastomeric bearings or sliding systems, and installing seismic dampers. The document also discusses retrofitting performance objectives, codes and guidelines, and provides examples of retrofitted structures.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
Prestressed concrete combines high-strength concrete and high-strength steel in an active manner by tensioning steel tendons and holding them against the concrete, putting it into compression. This transforms concrete from a brittle to a more elastic material. It allows for optimal use of each material's properties and better behavior under loads. Prestressed concrete was pioneered in the 1930s and its use has expanded, finding applications in bridges and other structures. Common methods are pretensioning and post-tensioning, using various tendon types, with bonded or unbonded configurations. Tensioning is done using mechanical, hydraulic, electrical or chemical devices.
Cracks in concrete and its remedial measures kamariya keyur
Cracks in concrete can be caused by various factors like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, thermal variations, chemical reactions, errors in design and construction practices, structural overloads, foundation movement, and vegetation. The document classifies cracks as structural or non-structural and describes different types of cracks that can occur before or after concrete hardening. It provides details on the causes and prevention measures for different types of cracks like plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, crazing, thermal cracks, cracks due to chemical reactions, and those arising from poor construction practices. The summary focuses on the key information around classification, types, causes and remedies of cracks in concrete structures.
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
High density concrete, high strength concrete and high performance concrete.shebina a
The document discusses high density concrete, its components, types of aggregates used, admixtures, applications, advantages and disadvantages. High density concrete has a density over 2600 kg/m3 and offers greater strength than regular concrete. Its main components are cement, water, aggregates and admixtures. Natural aggregates come from iron ores while man-made aggregates include iron shots, chilcon and synthetic aggregates. Admixtures like water reducers are used to increase workability and reduce cement and water requirements. High density concrete has applications in radiation shielding, precast blocks, bridges and more due to its high strength and durability.
This document discusses various techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures. It covers topics such as concrete deterioration mechanisms, materials used for repair like cement mortars and polymers, and techniques like grouting, jacketing, and external bonding. Assessment of damaged structures involves preliminary investigation, detailed investigation using techniques like core cutting, rebar location, corrosion measurement, and pull-out tests to determine repair requirements. Underwater repair of structures also requires special considerations and techniques.
It contains details of retrofitting techniques and their application in various aspects in historical monuments. It would help to protect several heritage structures from the devastating effect of the earthquake. Some applications are also helpful too counter act the severe effect of the wind load. There are many historical heritages especially in India, are reopened to the public after being retrofitted and renovated.
Seismic Analysis of regular & Irregular RCC frame structuresDaanish Zama
This document discusses seismic analysis of regular and irregular reinforced concrete framed buildings. It analyzes 4 building models - a regular 4-story building, a stiffness irregular building with a soft ground story, and two vertically irregular buildings with setbacks on the 3rd floor and 2nd/3rd floors. Static analysis was performed to compare bending moments, shear forces, story drifts, and joint displacements. Results showed irregular buildings experienced higher seismic demands. The regular building performed best, with the single setback building also performing well. Irregular configurations increase seismic effects and should be minimized in design.
The document discusses composite construction using precast prestressed concrete beams and cast-in-situ concrete. It describes how the two elements act compositely after the in-situ concrete hardens. Composite beams can be constructed as either propped or unpropped. Propped construction involves supporting the precast beam during casting to relieve it of the wet concrete weight, while unpropped construction allows stresses to develop under self-weight. Design and analysis of composite beams involves calculating stresses and deflections considering composite action. Differential shrinkage between precast and in-situ concrete also induces stresses.
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Kiran more (retrofitting presentation)te bKiranMore87
This document discusses retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. Retrofitting involves strengthening existing structures that may be damaged or undamaged. It is required when structures are subjected to excessive loading, seismic damage, or do not meet current design standards. The objectives of retrofitting are to increase lateral strength, ductility, and provide better connections between structural elements. Common retrofitting techniques discussed include adding shear walls, infill walls, bracing, wall thickening, and base isolation. Local retrofitting involves jacketing beams, columns, and joints using steel, fiber reinforced polymers, or concrete. Examples of retrofitted structures in Gujarat, India are provided.
This document summarizes a student's seminar report on seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete structures. It provides background on seismic retrofitting, including definitions and the need for retrofitting existing earthquake vulnerable buildings. It describes various retrofitting strategies classified as global and local techniques. Case studies from the earthquakes in Latur and Gujarat are presented. Indian codes for designing earthquake resistant buildings are also summarized. The conclusion discusses challenges in retrofitting and the need for optimization techniques and professional codes of practice.
Seismic Retrofitting of RC Building with Jacketing and Shear Wall Seismic Ret...Bala murali
It is a part of retrofitting i.e. repair, renovation, strengthening.
Retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant.
Jacketing is the most popularly used method for strengthening of building columns.
Jacketing consists of added concrete with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement around the existing column.
It improves axial and shear strength of column and major strengthening of foundation may be avoided.
The document discusses repair and restoration techniques for deteriorating structures. It outlines various causes of deterioration like human activity, chemical reactions, moisture, and poor design/construction. Repair focuses on restoring shape and function, while restoration improves structural strength by techniques like crack injection, wall strengthening, and foundation upgrades. Non-destructive evaluation methods like rebound hammer and ultrasound tests are used to assess concrete quality without damage. The case study demonstrates using rebound hammer tests to evaluate different structural members.
This document discusses shear wall analysis and design. It defines shear walls as structural elements used in buildings to resist lateral forces through cantilever action. The document classifies different types of shear walls and discusses their behavior under seismic loading. It outlines the steps for designing shear walls, including reviewing layout, analyzing structural systems, determining design forces, and detailing reinforcement. The document emphasizes the importance of properly locating shear walls in a building to resist seismic loads and minimize torsional effects.
This document provides an overview of seismic retrofitting techniques for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. It discusses common structural systems and deficiencies seen in mid-rise RC buildings with masonry infill walls in India. Retrofitting aims to enhance structural capacity and integrity, while rehabilitation focuses on repairing damage. Key retrofitting techniques include jacketing columns and beams, adding steel or CFRP, strengthening joints with dovels or clamps, and improving the slab and wall diaphragm. Occupant friendly retrofitting uses epoxy-bonded precast concrete panels inserted through doors to reinforce infill walls without disrupting occupants. Overall, seismic retrofitting can significantly increase a structure's lateral load capacity, stiffness,
Structural retrofitting involves strengthening existing structures to withstand earthquake loads. Retrofitting techniques discussed include adding shear walls, concrete or steel jacketing of columns, steel plating or fiber wrapping of beams, and upgrading foundations. The objectives of retrofitting are to increase strength and ductility, provide unity to the structure, eliminate weaknesses, avoid brittle failures, and enhance redundancy. Effective retrofitting ensures the intended performance is reliably achieved in a cost-effective manner.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Square Shape RC Frame by Replacing Masonry fro...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of square shaped reinforced concrete frames with and without masonry infill using response spectrum analysis. Masonry infill walls are commonly used to fill gaps in RC frames but are often ignored in design. The study models an 8-story RC building in ETABS and replaces the masonry infill with an equivalent diagonal strut. Response spectrum analysis is performed for different relative stiffness levels by reducing the strut width by 5-50%. Parameters like time period, base shear, storey displacement and stiffness are compared. Results show infill increases stiffness and strength but displacement increases as strut width decreases. Infill frames generally perform better seismically than bare frames by reducing displacements and increasing stiffness
Shear walls are vertical structural elements designed to resist lateral forces like winds and earthquakes. They work by transferring shear forces throughout their height and resisting uplift forces. Properly designed and constructed shear wall buildings are very stable and ductile, providing warnings before collapse during severe earthquakes. Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, and steel plate shear walls. Shear walls are an effective and efficient way to resist lateral loads in seismic regions.
IRJET- Analysis of Various Effects on Multistory Building (G+27) by Staad Pro...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effects of shear walls on a 28-story building modelled in STAAD Pro software. Three models are considered: one without shear walls and two with shear walls in different locations (inward and outward parts of the building). The models are compared based on load transfer and lateral displacement of structural elements. Results show that providing shear walls in suitable locations significantly reduces displacements due to earthquake and wind loads. The document also reviews previous studies on shear wall behavior and modelling approaches. Methodology describes analyzing a 9-story building model with and without shear walls to determine optimal wall locations based on structural displacement and storey drifting.
The document discusses various methodologies for seismic retrofitting of structures. It begins with defining seismic retrofitting as the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to earthquakes. It then discusses why retrofitting is required, such as for earthquake damaged or vulnerable buildings. Some common retrofitting approaches are described, including adding shear walls, infill walls, steel bracings, wing walls, wall thickening, mass reduction, base isolation, seismic dampers, and jacketing. The document concludes that retrofitting is a suitable technology to protect structures from earthquakes but that optimization techniques are still needed.
Seismic Evaluation of RC Building with Various Infill Thickness at Different ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on evaluating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings with masonry infill walls of various thicknesses in different positions. Previous studies have shown that infill walls can improve the strength, stiffness, and energy absorption of RC frames under seismic loads. However, infill walls are often not properly considered in structural design. This study aims to investigate how infill wall thickness and location affect seismic response parameters like moments, shear forces, displacements and drift. The results will help identify efficient building configurations to inform seismic design codes.
The document discusses repairs and rehabilitation for low strength masonry buildings. It describes the typical components and materials used in these buildings and how their lifespan depends on geography, materials, technology, and workmanship. Common issues like cracking in structural members, floors, and non-structural elements as well as leakage are discussed along with their causes. Methods for investigating cracks and strengthening buildings are provided, such as adding reinforced concrete stitching blocks and bands. Recommendations are given for allowable building heights and strengthening based on the building category.
This document summarizes a presentation on prestressed concrete. It begins with an introduction to prestressed concrete and how it overcomes weaknesses in concrete in tension. It then describes the principles of prestressing by inducing compressive stresses with high-strength tendons before loads are applied. The document compares reinforced concrete with prestressed concrete and describes the methods of pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. It provides examples of prestressed concrete structures like beams, bridges and discusses advantages like reduced size and increased spans as well as disadvantages like higher material costs.
This document discusses retrofitting techniques for masonry buildings to strengthen them against earthquakes. It describes various structural and member retrofitting methods such as adding shear walls, jacketing beams and columns. Failure mechanisms of masonry buildings are outlined, including out-of-plane failure, in-plane failure and connection failure. Repair techniques like jacketing are explained. The document also references Indian codes for earthquake design and concludes that retrofitting is an effective technology for protecting structures, but expertise is still needed at the basic level.
Seismic Retrofitting On RC Structures-Pushover AnalysisRamesh M
Seismic retrofitting provides techniques to strengthen existing structures and improve their resistance to earthquakes. Common deficiencies in mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings include insufficient stiffness, poor reinforcement, and workmanship. Retrofitting aims to enhance structural capacity through methods like column jacketing, beam strengthening with carbon fiber, and improving the roof diaphragm. Pushover analysis evaluates a structure's strength and deformation before and after retrofitting to assess performance improvement. Occupant friendly rehabilitation uses lightweight epoxy-bonded concrete panels connected to masonry infill walls and frames, improving lateral load capacity and stiffness without disrupting occupants. Proper design codes and expertise are still needed to optimize efficient retrofitting.
A Review On Strengthening Of RCC Square Columns with Reinforced Concrete Jack...IRJET Journal
This document reviews strengthening of reinforced concrete square columns with reinforced concrete jacketing. It discusses how RC jacketing leads to uniformly increased strength and stiffness of columns. The durability of the original column is also improved with RC jacketing compared to other techniques. The review examines factors that influence the bond between the column and jacket, such as surface preparation, dowel bars, and transverse reinforcement. It concludes that RC jacketing is an effective and economical retrofitting technique that increases load capacity and improves structural performance of columns.
IRJET- Analytical Study of Punching Shear in Flat Slab - Review PaperIRJET Journal
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Retrofitting of concrete structure
1. PREPARED BY:-
Shlok Patel
Mansukh Prajapati
SANKALCHAND PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,VISNAGAR
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ULTRATECH SPARKLING STARS
2. Flow of presentation
Why retrofitting is required ?
What is a retrofitting ?
Objectives of retrofitting.
To retrofit or not ?
Retrofitting techniques.
Materials to be used in local retrofitting.
Existing retrofitted structure in gujarat.
Critical remarks.
References.
3. Why retrofitting is required ?
Problem faced in concrete structure
■ Damage to structural members.
■ Excessive loading.
■ Errors in design or construction.
■ Modification of structural system.
■ Seismic damage.
■ Structural cracks.
■ Corrosion due to penetration-
honey combs.
4. What is a retrofitting ?
■ Retrofitting is the seismic strengthening of existing damaged or undamaged structures.
■ It is an improvement over the original strength when the evaluation of the building
indicates that the strength available before the damage walls insufficient and restoration
alone will not be adequate in future quakes.
5. Objectives of retrofitting
■ Increasing the lateral strength in one or both directions, by reinforcement or by
increasing wall areas or the number of walls and columns.
■ Giving unity to the structure by providing a proper connection between its resisting
elements.
6. To retrofit or not ?
SEISMIC LOAD CAPACITY VERSUS RISK OF BUILDING
COLLAPSE
8. Adding shear wall
■ Used for non ductile reinforced concrete frame buildings.
■ A new shear wall can be cast in-situ or precast concrete elements.
■ It can be placed at the exterior wall of building, however it may cause in the appearance.
■ Increase the lateral strength, ductility and stiffness of the building substantially.
SHEAR WALLS
9. Adding infill wall
■ This is the brick masonry infill wall.
■ Installed tight to surrounding concrete elements.
■ The lateral stiffness of a storey increases with infill wall.
■ Due to ‘strut action’ of the infill walls, the flexural and shear forces and ductility demand
on the ground storey columns are substantially reduced.
■ Do not increase the ductility of structure.
11. Adding steel bracing
■ An effective solution when large openings are required.
■ Increase in strength, ductility and stiffness.
■ Opening for natural light.
■ Adds much less weight to the existing structure.
12. Wall thickening techniques
■ Increase the thickness by adding bricks, concrete and steel
reinforcement.
■ It can bear more vertical and horizontal loads.
■ Does not cause sudden failure of the wall.
WALLTHICKENING BYREINFORCE CONCRETE
13. Adding wing wall or buttress
■ To increase lateral strength, ductility and stiffness of structure.
■ The wing wall are placed on the exterior side of an existing frame.
QUADRA ELEMENTRY SCHOOL, CANADA
14. Mass reduction
■ In this process removing one or more storey of building as shown in
figure.
■ Decrease the load at foundation.
■ Increase the life and strength.
MASS REDUCTION BY REMOVING ONE STOREY
15. Base isolation
■ Isolation of superstructure from the foundation is known as base isolation.
■ It is the most powerful tool for passive structural vibration control techniques.
■ Isolates building from ground motion lesser seismic loads, hence lesser damage to the
structure, minimal repair of superstructure.
■ Building can remain serviceable throughout construction.
■ Does not involve major intrusion upon existing superstructure.
17. Jacketing of structural elements
■ This is the most popular method for strengthening of concrete building elements like as
1. Beams
2. Columns
3. Beam column Junctions
■ Due to jacketing, enhancing the shear strength, concrete confinement, flexural strength.
18. Materials to be used
Steel plates
Fiber reinforce polymer (FRP wrap)
Carbon fiber reinforce polymer (CFRP)
Glass fiber reinforce polymer (GFRP)
Steel reinforced concrete
24. Critical remarks
■ Increase in the capacities( strength, stiffness, ductility, stability and integrity) of concrete
structure.
■ The reduction in loss of lives, damage of the essential facilities and functional continuity
of life-span of structures.
■ Decrease the working space of concrete structure due to extension in structural elements
and affect the appearance.
■ Increase in lateral stiffness with high shear concentration near wall.
■ Increase in overturning moment at foundation.
25. References
■ Handbook on retrofit of building by Indian Institute Of Technology Madras (Civil
Engineering Department).
■ Earthquake resistant design of structure” by pankaj agrawal and shrikhande.
■ IS: 1893-2002 (part-1) Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Part 1 :
General Provision and Buildings) – Code of Practice
■ IS: 4326-1993 Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings – Code of
Practice
■ IS: 13920-1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic Forces – Code of Practice
■ IS: 13935-1993 Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings – Guidelines
■ IS: 13828-1993 Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings –
Guidelines
■ IS: 13827-1993 Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings – Guidelines
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