1) The document describes a field work report for an engineering survey levelling practical. It includes an introduction to levelling, materials used, rise and fall method examples, procedures, collected data, analysis of the data including arithmetic checking and correction of reduced levels, and a practical on long section, cross section, and contour surveying.
2) The report details the procedures for taking staff readings at stations using an automatic level to determine elevation differences between points and reduced levels. Arithmetic checking is used to calculate misclosure and corrections.
3) Data is presented from the levelling practical using the rise and fall method to compute reduced levels at stations. Analysis shows the arithmetic checking and steps to calculate corrections to the reduced levels
This document is a report on a fieldwork traversing exercise conducted by students. It includes an introduction to open and closed traverses, as well as northings, azimuths, and bearings. The objectives of the exercise were to learn traversing procedures, establish ground control, and gain hands-on experience using surveying equipment like theodolites, rods, and bubbles. The document outlines the equipment used and provides field data collected. It discusses computing angular errors, bearings, coordinates, and error of closure to evaluate the accuracy of the work.
The document provides details of a site surveying fieldwork report using levelling. It includes an introduction to levelling terminology and methods, objectives of the fieldwork, data collection using rise and fall and height of collimation methods at 11 stations, and discussion of the results. The fieldwork was conducted in the car park of Taylor's University to determine reduced levels of points with respect to the assumed datum of 100.00m. The error of misclosure was within the acceptable range, indicating the levelling was successful.
This document provides instructions for performing a fly level observation, or rise and fall method, of levelling. The procedure involves taking readings between benchmark points of known elevation and change points using a level, staff, and tripod. Readings are recorded in a level book and used to calculate the reduced level at each change point. Arithmetical checks and allowable misclosures are determined to ensure precision of the work. The document outlines the objective, equipment, procedures, results and computations, conclusion, and references for the fly level observation levelling technique.
The document provides details of a levelling fieldwork conducted at Taylor's University Lakeside campus staff car park. It includes definitions and methods of levelling, objectives of the fieldwork, description of apparatus used, raw field data recorded using height of collimation and rise-fall methods, adjusted field data after arithmetic checks, and results of a two peg test. The field data is levelled and reduced to establish relative elevations of points with respect to a datum. Checks are performed to ensure acceptable level of accuracy of the levelling.
This document provides details of a fieldwork report for a traverse survey conducted by a group of quantity surveying students. It includes:
- Objectives of the fieldwork to enhance surveying skills and apply classroom theories.
- Description of the equipment used including a theodolite, tripod, plumb bob and level rod.
- Raw data collected at stations A, B, C and D including angles, distances and calculations.
- Adjusted data with corrected angles, bearings, latitudes and departures, and error of closure calculation showing the traverse is acceptable.
This fieldwork report summarizes a student group's leveling survey of 10 points around a staff parking lot. The group used an automatic level, tripod, and staves to measure elevations. Raw elevation data showed a -0.025m closure error, within the acceptable range. The group adjusted elevations using the closure error divided among setups. The adjusted elevations closed correctly, demonstrating the leveling was acceptable. The fieldwork provided practical experience with leveling instruments and calculations.
This report summarizes a leveling fieldwork exercise conducted at Taylor's University Lakeside Campus carpark. The objective was to determine the reduced level of 11 checkpoints using an automatic level, tripod, leveling rod and other surveying equipment. Field measurements were recorded using the rise and fall method and height of collimation method. The data showed a small misclosure error of 0.018m, which was within the acceptable limit. The reduced levels were then adjusted using the loop misclosure correction method.
This document provides information about leveling and the equipment used for a leveling fieldwork. It begins with definitions of leveling terms and descriptions of leveling methods. It then outlines the key pieces of leveling equipment including an automatic level, tripod, optical plummet, level rod, and plumb bob. The objectives and site for the leveling fieldwork are introduced. The document provides details on performing leveling using both the height of collimation and rise/fall methods. It concludes with a brief discussion and references section.
This document is a report on a fieldwork traversing exercise conducted by students. It includes an introduction to open and closed traverses, as well as northings, azimuths, and bearings. The objectives of the exercise were to learn traversing procedures, establish ground control, and gain hands-on experience using surveying equipment like theodolites, rods, and bubbles. The document outlines the equipment used and provides field data collected. It discusses computing angular errors, bearings, coordinates, and error of closure to evaluate the accuracy of the work.
The document provides details of a site surveying fieldwork report using levelling. It includes an introduction to levelling terminology and methods, objectives of the fieldwork, data collection using rise and fall and height of collimation methods at 11 stations, and discussion of the results. The fieldwork was conducted in the car park of Taylor's University to determine reduced levels of points with respect to the assumed datum of 100.00m. The error of misclosure was within the acceptable range, indicating the levelling was successful.
This document provides instructions for performing a fly level observation, or rise and fall method, of levelling. The procedure involves taking readings between benchmark points of known elevation and change points using a level, staff, and tripod. Readings are recorded in a level book and used to calculate the reduced level at each change point. Arithmetical checks and allowable misclosures are determined to ensure precision of the work. The document outlines the objective, equipment, procedures, results and computations, conclusion, and references for the fly level observation levelling technique.
The document provides details of a levelling fieldwork conducted at Taylor's University Lakeside campus staff car park. It includes definitions and methods of levelling, objectives of the fieldwork, description of apparatus used, raw field data recorded using height of collimation and rise-fall methods, adjusted field data after arithmetic checks, and results of a two peg test. The field data is levelled and reduced to establish relative elevations of points with respect to a datum. Checks are performed to ensure acceptable level of accuracy of the levelling.
This document provides details of a fieldwork report for a traverse survey conducted by a group of quantity surveying students. It includes:
- Objectives of the fieldwork to enhance surveying skills and apply classroom theories.
- Description of the equipment used including a theodolite, tripod, plumb bob and level rod.
- Raw data collected at stations A, B, C and D including angles, distances and calculations.
- Adjusted data with corrected angles, bearings, latitudes and departures, and error of closure calculation showing the traverse is acceptable.
This fieldwork report summarizes a student group's leveling survey of 10 points around a staff parking lot. The group used an automatic level, tripod, and staves to measure elevations. Raw elevation data showed a -0.025m closure error, within the acceptable range. The group adjusted elevations using the closure error divided among setups. The adjusted elevations closed correctly, demonstrating the leveling was acceptable. The fieldwork provided practical experience with leveling instruments and calculations.
This report summarizes a leveling fieldwork exercise conducted at Taylor's University Lakeside Campus carpark. The objective was to determine the reduced level of 11 checkpoints using an automatic level, tripod, leveling rod and other surveying equipment. Field measurements were recorded using the rise and fall method and height of collimation method. The data showed a small misclosure error of 0.018m, which was within the acceptable limit. The reduced levels were then adjusted using the loop misclosure correction method.
This document provides information about leveling and the equipment used for a leveling fieldwork. It begins with definitions of leveling terms and descriptions of leveling methods. It then outlines the key pieces of leveling equipment including an automatic level, tripod, optical plummet, level rod, and plumb bob. The objectives and site for the leveling fieldwork are introduced. The document provides details on performing leveling using both the height of collimation and rise/fall methods. It concludes with a brief discussion and references section.
1. The document describes a civil engineering experiment to collect elevation data along a highway through profile leveling and cross-section leveling. Profile leveling provided centerline elevation readings at 20m intervals, while cross-section leveling obtained side elevations at one station.
2. The data collected included station positions, backsight, intermediate, and foresight elevation readings. This was used to plot the profile diagram showing the sloping road elevation, and cross-section diagram showing the center higher than the sides.
3. The conclusion was that the experiment successfully collected the required elevation data to analyze the road profile and cross-section, finding the centerline sloped down and was higher than both road sides at the
The document is a field work report for a surveying exercise to set out a ranging curve. It includes information on the materials and tools used, two methods for setting out the curve (offset from tangent line and using deflection angles), and results including calculation data and tables of station coordinates, chords, and deflection angles. The objectives were to calculate data for a given curve, set it out in the field using total station, and analyze the results.
This document describes a closed traverse survey conducted by a group of students. It includes an introduction to traversing, the equipment used (theodolite, tripod, leveling rods), field data collection methods, calculations of angular errors, distances, azimuths, latitudes and departures, and station coordinates. The group adjusted their results based on the Compass Rule correction and achieved an accuracy of 1:1088 for the closed traverse. They discussed lessons learned from conducting the fieldwork.
The document provides details on a leveling fieldwork conducted around the staff parking of Taylor's University Lakeside Campus. It includes an introduction to leveling, description of leveling equipment, objectives of the fieldwork, site introduction and leveling field data collected using both the height of collimation and rise and fall methods. The field data shows station coordinates, rod readings, reduced levels, and error calculations to check the accuracy of the leveling work.
1) The document describes procedures for measuring hydrostatic force using a water vessel and scale. Weights are added incrementally while measuring the water level.
2) Data is recorded for appended weight, lever arm length, water level, calculated lever arm, resultant force, and moments.
3) Sources of error are discussed, such as neglecting the weight of the balance and reading errors, which could explain discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values of the center of pressure.
This document contains the fieldwork report for a closed traverse survey conducted by students. It includes an introduction to traversing definitions, the equipment used which includes a theodolite, tripod, leveling rod and optical plummet. The objective was to determine positions of boundary lines and establish control. Raw field angle and distance measurements are presented from stations A to D, forming a closed loop. The total observed angle of 362°40' exceeds the required 360° sum. The error is distributed equally among the four angles, reducing each by 40" to adjust the total to 360°. Subsequent sections will use the adjusted angles to compute course bearings, latitudes and departures to determine coordinate positions.
The document describes a fieldwork report for a closed traverse survey using a theodolite. A group of 4 students conducted the survey to establish ground control points. They measured horizontal angles and distances between 4 stations (A, B, C, D) to form a closed loop. The raw field data was computed to determine angular errors, adjusted angles, horizontal and vertical distances between stations, course bearings, coordinates, and error of closure. The results were used to plot the traverse and check the accuracy of the survey. The objective was to gain hands-on experience in traversing techniques and ensure the control points were accurately established.
Report Assignment 1 for Site Surveying module which requires us to do levelling measurement around the campus carpark, for the Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (BQS) Course Semester 2, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
*Introduction
*Controls For Setting Out
*Horizontal control
*Vertical control
*SETTING OUT A BUILDING
*The equipment required for the job
*Method(1):-By using a Circumscribing Rectangle
*Method(2):- By using centre-line-rectangle
* Setting out of culverts
*SETTING OUT A TUNNEL
The document summarizes a fieldwork report on leveling. It includes an introduction to leveling, descriptions of leveling apparatus, objectives of the fieldwork, leveling data tables using rise and fall and height of collimation methods, and a conclusion. The leveling was conducted between a benchmark and turning points to determine reduced levels. The error of misclosure was within an acceptable range, so the leveling results were deemed accurate.
1. This document describes the procedure for performing a two peg test to check the accuracy of a leveling instrument.
2. The two peg test involves taking elevation readings from two staffs placed 50 meters apart, and then taking readings again with the level positioned closer to one staff. Any difference in the elevation differences between the two readings indicates an error in the level.
3. The results of the test documented show an elevation difference of 0.014 meters between the first and second readings, indicating the level needs servicing since the acceptable error is less than 0.002 meters.
The document provides details on conducting a closed traverse fieldwork, including measuring angles and distances between stations using a theodolite, calculating bearings, azimuths, latitudes and departures, and determining the error of misclosure. Field data is collected for 4 stations labeled A, B, C and D. Calculations are shown for adjusting angles, computing horizontal distances between stations, determining course bearings and azimuths, and calculating latitudes and departures.
This field work report documents a student group's levelling exercise to establish a new benchmark and determine relative heights of points on a site. The report outlines the levelling process where backsight and foresight readings were taken from 9 turning points to calculate reduced levels. While the final reduced level was higher than the initial benchmark, the error was within an acceptable range. The report concludes the students gained experience using levelling equipment and conducting fieldwork, and learned to identify errors and make adjustments to the collected data.
This presentation is of Penetration Test for Bitumen. Penetration test measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will penetrate vertically in 5 seconds.
There are different grades of Bitumen used for the civil (especially for roads works) work. This presentation consists of the aim, significance, about the apparatus used procedure, noting the reading, Bis recommendation values and IRC recommendation values, precautions,
This document summarizes a closed traverse surveying experiment conducted by students. It includes an introduction to closed and open traverse surveying. The procedure involved selecting a benchmark, taking readings from stations around the benchmark, moving the level to new positions and reading the benchmark again. Calculations were shown of station readings, benchmark sums, foresight sums and difference in benchmark levels. The conclusion was that the closed traverse fieldwork taught hands-on surveying skills to determine land boundaries and distances for construction.
This document provides details on a field work report for a traverse survey conducted in August 2015. It includes an introduction to traversing and different types of traverses. It outlines the equipment used including a theodolite, tripod, ranging poles, tapes, and other accessories. The document describes the objectives and field data collection process. It provides steps for computations including balancing angles, determining line directions, calculating latitudes and departures, adjusting misclosures, and determining coordinates. A conclusion discusses the results of the traverse survey.
1) The Proctor compaction test is used to determine the optimal moisture content and maximum dry density of soil. It involves compacting soil in layers in a mold using controlled blows and measuring the dry density at different moisture contents.
2) The test procedure involves weighing equipment, sieving dry soil, compacting soil in layers using blows from a ram, weighing the compacted soil, determining moisture content, and repeating at different moisture contents.
3) A compaction curve is made by plotting dry density against moisture content. The peak of the curve indicates the optimum moisture content which produces the highest dry density.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.YASMINE HASLAN
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
The document provides information about leveling and the leveling process. It defines key leveling terms and describes differential leveling and the height of collimation and rise and fall methods. It also outlines the leveling apparatus, including the automatic level, tripod, leveling rod, and other components. The objective is to determine elevations of unknown points relative to known elevations through precise leveling measurements and calculations.
The document contains field notes from a leveling and tachometric surveying exercise. It includes:
- Leveling readings taken along a route to determine reduced levels at stations.
- Tachometric staff readings taken from an instrument set up to survey cross sections of a bridge and sections upstream and downstream.
- Horizontal distances, vertical distances, and reduced levels were recorded at points along the cross sections.
This document appears to be a final report for a project in a petroleum engineering course. It includes an introduction outlining the problem of determining the most profitable production plan for a reservoir given its characteristics. It then describes using the Tarner method to calculate initial hydrocarbons in place, primary production calculations including determining flow units and cumulative production over time, and waterflooding calculations. Tables show the results of the Tarner method calculations and production calculations. Maps and economic analysis are also mentioned but not described in detail.
1. The document describes a civil engineering experiment to collect elevation data along a highway through profile leveling and cross-section leveling. Profile leveling provided centerline elevation readings at 20m intervals, while cross-section leveling obtained side elevations at one station.
2. The data collected included station positions, backsight, intermediate, and foresight elevation readings. This was used to plot the profile diagram showing the sloping road elevation, and cross-section diagram showing the center higher than the sides.
3. The conclusion was that the experiment successfully collected the required elevation data to analyze the road profile and cross-section, finding the centerline sloped down and was higher than both road sides at the
The document is a field work report for a surveying exercise to set out a ranging curve. It includes information on the materials and tools used, two methods for setting out the curve (offset from tangent line and using deflection angles), and results including calculation data and tables of station coordinates, chords, and deflection angles. The objectives were to calculate data for a given curve, set it out in the field using total station, and analyze the results.
This document describes a closed traverse survey conducted by a group of students. It includes an introduction to traversing, the equipment used (theodolite, tripod, leveling rods), field data collection methods, calculations of angular errors, distances, azimuths, latitudes and departures, and station coordinates. The group adjusted their results based on the Compass Rule correction and achieved an accuracy of 1:1088 for the closed traverse. They discussed lessons learned from conducting the fieldwork.
The document provides details on a leveling fieldwork conducted around the staff parking of Taylor's University Lakeside Campus. It includes an introduction to leveling, description of leveling equipment, objectives of the fieldwork, site introduction and leveling field data collected using both the height of collimation and rise and fall methods. The field data shows station coordinates, rod readings, reduced levels, and error calculations to check the accuracy of the leveling work.
1) The document describes procedures for measuring hydrostatic force using a water vessel and scale. Weights are added incrementally while measuring the water level.
2) Data is recorded for appended weight, lever arm length, water level, calculated lever arm, resultant force, and moments.
3) Sources of error are discussed, such as neglecting the weight of the balance and reading errors, which could explain discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values of the center of pressure.
This document contains the fieldwork report for a closed traverse survey conducted by students. It includes an introduction to traversing definitions, the equipment used which includes a theodolite, tripod, leveling rod and optical plummet. The objective was to determine positions of boundary lines and establish control. Raw field angle and distance measurements are presented from stations A to D, forming a closed loop. The total observed angle of 362°40' exceeds the required 360° sum. The error is distributed equally among the four angles, reducing each by 40" to adjust the total to 360°. Subsequent sections will use the adjusted angles to compute course bearings, latitudes and departures to determine coordinate positions.
The document describes a fieldwork report for a closed traverse survey using a theodolite. A group of 4 students conducted the survey to establish ground control points. They measured horizontal angles and distances between 4 stations (A, B, C, D) to form a closed loop. The raw field data was computed to determine angular errors, adjusted angles, horizontal and vertical distances between stations, course bearings, coordinates, and error of closure. The results were used to plot the traverse and check the accuracy of the survey. The objective was to gain hands-on experience in traversing techniques and ensure the control points were accurately established.
Report Assignment 1 for Site Surveying module which requires us to do levelling measurement around the campus carpark, for the Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (BQS) Course Semester 2, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
*Introduction
*Controls For Setting Out
*Horizontal control
*Vertical control
*SETTING OUT A BUILDING
*The equipment required for the job
*Method(1):-By using a Circumscribing Rectangle
*Method(2):- By using centre-line-rectangle
* Setting out of culverts
*SETTING OUT A TUNNEL
The document summarizes a fieldwork report on leveling. It includes an introduction to leveling, descriptions of leveling apparatus, objectives of the fieldwork, leveling data tables using rise and fall and height of collimation methods, and a conclusion. The leveling was conducted between a benchmark and turning points to determine reduced levels. The error of misclosure was within an acceptable range, so the leveling results were deemed accurate.
1. This document describes the procedure for performing a two peg test to check the accuracy of a leveling instrument.
2. The two peg test involves taking elevation readings from two staffs placed 50 meters apart, and then taking readings again with the level positioned closer to one staff. Any difference in the elevation differences between the two readings indicates an error in the level.
3. The results of the test documented show an elevation difference of 0.014 meters between the first and second readings, indicating the level needs servicing since the acceptable error is less than 0.002 meters.
The document provides details on conducting a closed traverse fieldwork, including measuring angles and distances between stations using a theodolite, calculating bearings, azimuths, latitudes and departures, and determining the error of misclosure. Field data is collected for 4 stations labeled A, B, C and D. Calculations are shown for adjusting angles, computing horizontal distances between stations, determining course bearings and azimuths, and calculating latitudes and departures.
This field work report documents a student group's levelling exercise to establish a new benchmark and determine relative heights of points on a site. The report outlines the levelling process where backsight and foresight readings were taken from 9 turning points to calculate reduced levels. While the final reduced level was higher than the initial benchmark, the error was within an acceptable range. The report concludes the students gained experience using levelling equipment and conducting fieldwork, and learned to identify errors and make adjustments to the collected data.
This presentation is of Penetration Test for Bitumen. Penetration test measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will penetrate vertically in 5 seconds.
There are different grades of Bitumen used for the civil (especially for roads works) work. This presentation consists of the aim, significance, about the apparatus used procedure, noting the reading, Bis recommendation values and IRC recommendation values, precautions,
This document summarizes a closed traverse surveying experiment conducted by students. It includes an introduction to closed and open traverse surveying. The procedure involved selecting a benchmark, taking readings from stations around the benchmark, moving the level to new positions and reading the benchmark again. Calculations were shown of station readings, benchmark sums, foresight sums and difference in benchmark levels. The conclusion was that the closed traverse fieldwork taught hands-on surveying skills to determine land boundaries and distances for construction.
This document provides details on a field work report for a traverse survey conducted in August 2015. It includes an introduction to traversing and different types of traverses. It outlines the equipment used including a theodolite, tripod, ranging poles, tapes, and other accessories. The document describes the objectives and field data collection process. It provides steps for computations including balancing angles, determining line directions, calculating latitudes and departures, adjusting misclosures, and determining coordinates. A conclusion discusses the results of the traverse survey.
1) The Proctor compaction test is used to determine the optimal moisture content and maximum dry density of soil. It involves compacting soil in layers in a mold using controlled blows and measuring the dry density at different moisture contents.
2) The test procedure involves weighing equipment, sieving dry soil, compacting soil in layers using blows from a ram, weighing the compacted soil, determining moisture content, and repeating at different moisture contents.
3) A compaction curve is made by plotting dry density against moisture content. The peak of the curve indicates the optimum moisture content which produces the highest dry density.
DCC3113 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE.YASMINE HASLAN
This document summarizes a laboratory report on determining the aggregate impact value of samples according to Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) standards. The experiment involved subjecting aggregate samples to impact blows using a test machine and sieve. The percentage of fines passing through a 2.36mm sieve was calculated to determine the aggregate impact value. Sample 1 had a 17% impact value and Sample 2 was 15%, both below the JKR requirement of 20%, indicating the aggregates have medium toughness and resistance to crushing. The results show the aggregates met the JKR specifications and the experiment was successfully conducted.
The document provides information about leveling and the leveling process. It defines key leveling terms and describes differential leveling and the height of collimation and rise and fall methods. It also outlines the leveling apparatus, including the automatic level, tripod, leveling rod, and other components. The objective is to determine elevations of unknown points relative to known elevations through precise leveling measurements and calculations.
The document contains field notes from a leveling and tachometric surveying exercise. It includes:
- Leveling readings taken along a route to determine reduced levels at stations.
- Tachometric staff readings taken from an instrument set up to survey cross sections of a bridge and sections upstream and downstream.
- Horizontal distances, vertical distances, and reduced levels were recorded at points along the cross sections.
This document appears to be a final report for a project in a petroleum engineering course. It includes an introduction outlining the problem of determining the most profitable production plan for a reservoir given its characteristics. It then describes using the Tarner method to calculate initial hydrocarbons in place, primary production calculations including determining flow units and cumulative production over time, and waterflooding calculations. Tables show the results of the Tarner method calculations and production calculations. Maps and economic analysis are also mentioned but not described in detail.
This document summarizes a leveling fieldwork project conducted by students. The objectives were to enhance knowledge of leveling, gain hands-on experience setting up an auto level and leveling, and apply leveling knowledge. Data was tabulated using the height of collimation and rise and fall methods. The collected data had a misclosure of -0.014m, within the acceptable error of ±39.799mm. The error was distributed across the 11 setups as a correction. The final adjusted reduce levels matched the original benchmark level. Obstructions could cause inaccurate readings, so a leveling bubble is important to ensure the staff is perpendicular.
The document outlines payment procedures for contractors hired by the company. It details 6 steps in the payment process, including approval of contracts, maintaining attendance records, verifying invoices, obtaining manager signatures, processing payments, and scrutinizing invoices. It also includes a table showing payments made to various locations from January to June totaling over 268 million. The final page notes that delays in obtaining CEO approval for hiring contractors in a piecemeal fashion led to delays in payments to third party contractors.
This document appears to be a final exam for a linear circuit analysis course. It consists of 16 multiple choice questions and 2 bonus problems worth a total of 100 points plus 15 bonus points. The exam covers various circuit analysis topics including Fourier analysis, Laplace transforms, transfer functions, and 3-phase systems. Students are instructed to show all work and use the provided question sheets to complete the exam in pencil within the allotted time.
This document provides information about a fieldwork report for a site surveying course. It includes an introduction to levelling, the objective of the fieldwork, apparatus used including an automatic level, levelling rod, tripod and spirit level. Levelling results were presented using the height of collimation and rise/fall methods. Adjusted results were shown after distributing a small error. The levelling was found to be acceptable as the error of closure was within the allowed maximum. The document concluded the fieldwork was successfully completed to obtain data for the report.
This document provides the results of a site surveying fieldwork report on levelling. The objectives were to find elevation differences between points and establish points at given elevations. Apparatus used included an automatic level, levelling rod, tripod, and spirit level. Levelling was conducted between 11 points including a benchmark. Results showed an error of -0.009m. Using the height of collimation and rise/fall methods, reduced levels were calculated and adjusted using error distribution. The maximum allowable error was +/-39.799mm, so the levelling was acceptable. The fieldwork helped obtain necessary data to complete the report.
This document is a report on a fieldwork for a leveling practical conducted by students. It includes an introduction to site surveying and leveling. The objectives, apparatus used, and two-peg test procedure are described. Field data collected using two leveling methods is presented. The data is then adjusted, and the acceptable misclosure of 36mm is confirmed. In conclusion, the students found the practical experience valuable for understanding leveling despite some challenges with weather and time constraints.
The document presents the results of a student fieldwork exercise in surveying. It includes leveling data collected at 12 stations using both the rise and fall method and the collimation method. Adjustments were made to both data sets to account for instrumental errors. The final misclosure of -0.029m was within an acceptable range, demonstrating the accuracy of the leveling exercise. The document provides background on leveling techniques and terminology to contextualize the collected data and results.
The document describes a levelling fieldwork report conducted by students. It includes an introduction to levelling, the objectives and procedures of the fieldwork, definitions of levelling terms, raw and adjusted leveling data using the collimation and rise-fall methods, and a conclusion stating the fieldwork was conducted and the data was processed. The fieldwork allowed students to apply their theoretical knowledge of levelling and gain practical surveying skills through cooperative work.
The document describes a student's levelling fieldwork report. It includes an introduction to levelling, the objectives and procedures of the fieldwork, definitions of levelling terms, raw and adjusted leveling data tables using the collimation and rise-and-fall methods, and a conclusion stating the fieldwork was successfully completed. The fieldwork allowed students to apply their theoretical knowledge of levelling techniques and gain practical surveying skills and experience through cooperative work.
A magnetic survey is a geophysical exploration method used to detect and map variations in the Earth's magnetic field caused by the magnetic properties of subsurface materials. This technique is widely applied in mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, and archaeological studies. Here's a general overview with case study and problems to be solved.
The document discusses a proposed water supply project by V V Water Company. It outlines that the project would involve developing water resources from a well field with infrastructure to transport water via pipeline. It evaluates the project based on three criteria: deliverability, feasibility, and affordability. For deliverability, it indicates the water could be produced in large volumes continuously from the well field. For feasibility, it describes the infrastructure plan to transport water from the well field to the point of storage and sale. For affordability, it finds the cost of water from this project would be lower than competing systems and available regardless of conditions like drought.
The document provides calculations for load distributions on beams supporting multiple slabs in a building. It calculates the permanent and variable actions on each slab based on the self-weight of materials. These loads are then distributed to the beams below. Bending moments and shear forces are calculated for each beam span under maximum loading conditions using a finite element method. Reactions and uniform loading values are also determined for each span.
This document provides an overview of the key information needed to perform a satellite link budget analysis. It discusses the various parameters that must be accounted for, such as location, frequency, antenna characteristics, rain attenuation levels, coupling and mispointing losses. Tables of rain attenuation values for different frequency bands and climatic zones are also presented. The document aims to explain all of the relevant factors that impact satellite communication links and must be considered in a link budget calculation.
This tunnel as-built report provides information on the dwsc tunnel including station coordinates, designed vs measured dimensions, and point data. The cross-section at station 0+739.50 had a measured area of 45.9 m2 compared to the designed area of 116.5 m2, with 3.5 m2 of overbreak and 74.1 m2 of underbreak. Point data including horizontal offset, elevation, and delta from design is provided for 46 points around the tunnel cross-section.
SPECTRAL-BASED FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF FSOSUMARDIONO .
The document discusses fatigue analysis of an offshore floating storage vessel (FSO) hull construction using spectral-based fatigue analysis methods. It outlines the objectives to determine long-term wave load characteristics, stress distributions, and fatigue life of critical locations. The methodology involves regular wave load analysis, finite element modeling, spectral analysis of long-term wave loads and stresses, and fatigue analysis to estimate the fatigue life. Critical locations on the hull are identified for further stress analysis and fatigue life estimation.
The document provides details on a fieldwork leveling exercise conducted by students to measure elevation points around a campus. It includes the objectives, introduction to leveling concepts, equipment used including an auto-level and tripod, field data collected using rise and fall and height of collimation methods, adjusted data tables, and a two peg test summary. The leveling resulted in a small misclosure error of 0.011m, within the acceptable accuracy limit, and corrections were made by distributing the error evenly across readings.
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MPU23052 STKI SESI 1 2022/2023 KEPERLUAN SAINS TEKNOLOGI DAN KEJURUTERAAN DAL...MuhammadMuazzam16
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1. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DCC 20063
ENGINEERING SURVEY
FIELD WORK REPORT
FIELD WORK TITLE
LEVELLING
NAME MUHAMMAD MUAZZAM BIN MAZLAN
REG NUMBER 03DKA21F2013
MEMBER OF GROUP
MOHAMMAD FARHAT BIN SUHAIMI CRITERIA MARK
MUHAMAD SUFYAN IZZUDINBIN MUHAMAD SUHAIMI INTRODUCTION
/5
MATERIALS AND METHODS
/5
DATA
/5
PLOTTING
/5
ANALYSIS
/5
DISCUSSION
/5
CONCLUSION
/5
COURSE/SESSION
DKA SESSION 1 2022/2023
TOTAL MARK
LECTERUR SAMSUL NIZAN BIN MOHD EHSAN COMMENT:
2. LABSHEET 1: SERIES LEVELLING
INTRODUCTION
Levelling is a part of reviewing, the object of which is to lay out or
confirm or quantify the level of determined guides relative toward a
datum. It is generally utilized in geodesy and map making to gauge
vertical situation concerning an upward datum, and in development to
quantify level contrasts of development relics.
It is the most generally utilized strategy for evening out. In this
technique, estimations are noticed straightforwardly from evening out
instrument. In view of the perception focuses and instrument positions
direct evening out is separated into various sorts as follows simple
leveling, differential leveling, fly leveling, profile leveling, precise
leveling and reciprocal leveling.
Following that, levelling overviews are utilized to design expressways,
rail lines, trenches, sewers, and water supply frameworks, as well as
decide the volume of earthworks, orchestrate development projects as
indicated by expected heights, and break down waste qualities. Beside
that, the most critical thing for staff to comprehend is the hypothesis as
well as the common sense. This is on the grounds that evening out
exactness is basic in site arrangement, establishment, and consequently
quality affirmation.
4. RISE AND FALL METHOD WITH EXAMPLES
Rise and fall is the strategy for studying to settle the evening out to figure out the
distinction in height and rise of two places. In this strategy like we want to
ascertain the distinction in rise of the staff of two places. The two stations places
where the staff readings are taken, we know the RL of ground of one station and
we need to track down the RL of another.
BS IS FS RISE FALL RL ADJ ADJ RL REMARKS
1.230 - 13.922 - 13.922 TBM
1.258 1.345 0.115 13.807 -0.1315 13.675 1
1.312 1.315 0.057 13.750 -0.2630 13.487 2
1.293 1.308 0.004 13.754 -0.3945 13.359 3
1.310 1.310 0.017 13.737 -0.5260 13.211 4
1.361 1.414 0.104 13.633 -0.6575 12.976 5
1.391 1.312 0.049 13.682 -0.7890 12.893 6
5. PRACTICAL : SERIES LEVELLING
PROCEDURE
a) Let A and B be the two point and the level is set up between A and B
anywhere in the ground. A is a point of known elevation, TBM1 =
13.922 m.
b) The telescope is directed towards A and reading vertically held staff
at point A. This is B.S reading = 1.230 m.
c) The telescope is directed on the staff at point B. The F.S reading is
1.345 m.
d) Then move level at any stable ground between next point B and C.
e) Repeat the procedure b) and c). Also take reading for B.S and F.S.
f) Repeat the procedure until the unknown point. Then close the
reading to TBM1.
7. ANALYSIS DATA
• Give the formula for calculation of arithmetic checking and use the
collection data calculates arithmetic checking.
• Show step for calculate the correction of reduce level.
ARITHMETIC CHECKING
∑BS - ∑FS = ∑R - ∑F = URL – IRL
18.339 m – 16.760 m = 1.982 m – 0.403 m = 15.501 m – 13.922 m
1.579 m = 1.579 m = 1.579 m
MISCLOSURE
15.501 m – 13.922 m = + 1.579 m
MISCLOSURE LIMIT
(± 5 √𝑛) mm , n = bilangan kedudukan alat
= 5 √12
= ±17.321 mm -17.321 < 1579.000 < + 17.321
CORRECTION
- 1.579/n = - 1.579/12 = - 0.1315 m (ADJ)
-0.1315 × 2 = - 0.2630 m (ADJ BACAAN KE-2)
8. PRACTICAL : LONG SECTION AND CROSS SECTION
SURVEY
PROCEDURE
a) Set up center line with given points@ equal distance as
known as longitudinal section.
b) Set up the points at right angles on either side of the center
line of the proposed center line.
c) Set up instrument at any suitable points, a number of change
points, CP along with intermediate sights, IS may be required.
d) The intermediate sights, IS are taken on stations, at breaks in
the ground surface, at points of change of slope and other
critical points.
10. ANALYSIS DATA
• Give the formula for calculation of arithmetic checking and use the
collection data calculates arithmetic checking.
• Show step for calculate the correction of reduce level.
ARITHMETIC CHECKING
∑BS - ∑FS = URL - IRL
5.755 m – 5.761 m = 13.964 m – 13.922 m
-0.006 m = 0.042 m
MISELOSURE
13.964 m – 13.922 m = +0.042 m
MISELOSURE LIMIT
(± 5 √𝑛 ) 𝑚𝑚, 𝑛 = 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑘𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑡
= ± 5 √4
= ± 10 mm
CORRECTION
−0.042
𝑛
=
−0.042
4
= -0.0105 m
11. PRACTICAL : CONTOUR
PROCEDURE
a) Make a grid line 3 m x 3 m with ranging pole and
measurement tape.
b) Mark each point (eg: A, B, C, D and).
c) Start back-sight reading at given TBM = 1.230 m.
d) Intermediate sight reading at marking point.
e) Then close the reading to TBM.
A B C D
E F G H
I J K L
13. ANALYSIS DATA
• Give the formula for calculation of arithmetic checking and use the
collection data calculates arithmetic checking.
• Show step for calculate the correction of reduce level.
ARITHMETIC CHECKIN
∑BS - ∑FS = URL – IRL
5.755 m – 5.761 m = 13.964 m – 13.922 m
-0.006 m = 0.042 m
MISELOSURE
13.964 m – 13.922 m = +0.042m
MISELOSURE LIMIT
(± 5 √𝑛 ) 𝑚𝑚, 𝑛
= 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑘𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑡
= ± 5 √4
= ± 10 mm
CORRECTION
−0.042
𝑛
=
−0.042
4
= -0.0105 m
RISE 1
= RL + BS
= 13.922 + 1.230
= 15.152 m
RISE 2
= RL + BS
= 13.922 + 1.302
= 15.192 m
RL 1
= 15.152 – 2.085
= 13.067 m
14. DISCUSSION
THE PROBLEMS THAT WE WERE FACE DURING LEVELLING SURVEY IS
- Unsure weather conditions like rain
- Automatic level battery running out is an example of a technical
problem
STEPS WE WERE TAKE TO BEAT THIS ISSUE IS
- When it rains, practical equipment must be stored first. If the rain
doesn't stop, the marked position point must be stable and difficult to
fall from
- Provide an extra battery, before using the automatic level, you must
first inspect the equipment in terms of battery and such
THE CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the practical results we obtained are acceptable and can be used
after the readings we obtained were corrected. The wind disturbance factor is
one of the causes of the correction required on our readings. This causes the
equipment to provide inaccurate data.
The correction required for series leveling is - 0.1315 m, while the correction
required for long section, cross section, and contour is - 0.0105 m. The final
reduce level (rl) for the leveling series is 14.556 m, while the long and cross
section contour is 13.832 m. According to the graph we created, the land we
analysed has an unequal land area.
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