The document discusses use case diagrams and their components. It provides examples of use cases including withdrawing money from an ATM. Key points covered include: use cases specify desired system behavior through interactions between actors and the system; actors can be human or automated systems; relationships between use cases include generalization, inclusion, and extension. Common use case elements like pre-conditions, post-conditions, flows, and alternatives are also defined.
The document discusses use case modeling and provides several examples. It describes key concepts like actors, use cases, relationships between use cases, and multiplicity. It then summarizes 4 examples - an airport check-in system, bank ATM, online library catalog, and credit card processing. The examples illustrate how use cases model systems and interactions between actors and the system.
Unit 2(advanced class modeling & state diagram)Manoj Reddy
This document discusses state modeling concepts in UML including states, transitions, events, and state diagrams. It provides examples of state diagrams for a phone and traffic lights. States represent conditions an object can be in, such as idle or running. Transitions are changes between states triggered by events like receiving a call. State diagrams visually depict the flow between states.
The document discusses use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines use cases as descriptions of system functionality from a user perspective. Use case diagrams depict system behavior, users, and relationships between actors, use cases, and other use cases. The key components of use case diagrams are described as actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships. Common relationships include association, extend, generalization, uses, and include. An example use case diagram for a cellular telephone is provided to illustrate these concepts.
This chapter discusses the process of designing forms and reports. It outlines general guidelines for formatting forms and reports, including highlighting, color usage, displaying text, and designing tables and lists. It also covers assessing usability through factors like speed, accuracy and satisfaction. Specific guidelines are provided for designing interfaces for electronic commerce systems on the Internet, including using lightweight graphics, ensuring data integrity on forms, and implementing template-based HTML. The overall goal is to design forms and reports that are easy to use and understand.
The document discusses use case diagrams and use case descriptions for modeling system requirements. It covers drawing use case diagrams to show functional requirements and actors, common mistakes, and writing use case descriptions including basic, alternate, and exception flows of events. The document provides examples and exercises to help understand use cases for requirements modeling.
The document discusses sequence diagrams and their components. A sequence diagram models the behavior of a use case by showing the sequence of messages passed between objects over time. It contains active objects along the top representing actors and classes, connected by messages that illustrate communication. Other elements include lifelines, activation boxes to indicate focus of control, and control information like conditions and iterations. The document provides examples and steps for constructing a sequence diagram based on a use case.
The document discusses use case diagrams in UML modeling. It defines key components of use case diagrams including use cases, actors, the system boundary, and relationships like include, extend, and generalization. It provides examples of how to construct a use case diagram based on system functions and user goals. Specific use case diagram examples shown include an online ordering system and a vending machine.
Use case diagrams describe interactions between actors and a system to accomplish goals. A use case diagram typically includes:
1) Actors that interact with the system from outside, such as users or other systems. Common actor types are primary actors whose goals are fulfilled by the system and supporting actors that provide services.
2) Use cases that represent functions or tasks performed by the system. They are connected to relevant actors and may have relationships like include and extend.
3) Relationships between use cases like include, which shows a use case incorporating another, and extend, where a use case optionally extends another.
Use case diagrams provide an overview of a system's functions and how outside actors interact with them at a
The document discusses use case modeling and provides several examples. It describes key concepts like actors, use cases, relationships between use cases, and multiplicity. It then summarizes 4 examples - an airport check-in system, bank ATM, online library catalog, and credit card processing. The examples illustrate how use cases model systems and interactions between actors and the system.
Unit 2(advanced class modeling & state diagram)Manoj Reddy
This document discusses state modeling concepts in UML including states, transitions, events, and state diagrams. It provides examples of state diagrams for a phone and traffic lights. States represent conditions an object can be in, such as idle or running. Transitions are changes between states triggered by events like receiving a call. State diagrams visually depict the flow between states.
The document discusses use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines use cases as descriptions of system functionality from a user perspective. Use case diagrams depict system behavior, users, and relationships between actors, use cases, and other use cases. The key components of use case diagrams are described as actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships. Common relationships include association, extend, generalization, uses, and include. An example use case diagram for a cellular telephone is provided to illustrate these concepts.
This chapter discusses the process of designing forms and reports. It outlines general guidelines for formatting forms and reports, including highlighting, color usage, displaying text, and designing tables and lists. It also covers assessing usability through factors like speed, accuracy and satisfaction. Specific guidelines are provided for designing interfaces for electronic commerce systems on the Internet, including using lightweight graphics, ensuring data integrity on forms, and implementing template-based HTML. The overall goal is to design forms and reports that are easy to use and understand.
The document discusses use case diagrams and use case descriptions for modeling system requirements. It covers drawing use case diagrams to show functional requirements and actors, common mistakes, and writing use case descriptions including basic, alternate, and exception flows of events. The document provides examples and exercises to help understand use cases for requirements modeling.
The document discusses sequence diagrams and their components. A sequence diagram models the behavior of a use case by showing the sequence of messages passed between objects over time. It contains active objects along the top representing actors and classes, connected by messages that illustrate communication. Other elements include lifelines, activation boxes to indicate focus of control, and control information like conditions and iterations. The document provides examples and steps for constructing a sequence diagram based on a use case.
The document discusses use case diagrams in UML modeling. It defines key components of use case diagrams including use cases, actors, the system boundary, and relationships like include, extend, and generalization. It provides examples of how to construct a use case diagram based on system functions and user goals. Specific use case diagram examples shown include an online ordering system and a vending machine.
Use case diagrams describe interactions between actors and a system to accomplish goals. A use case diagram typically includes:
1) Actors that interact with the system from outside, such as users or other systems. Common actor types are primary actors whose goals are fulfilled by the system and supporting actors that provide services.
2) Use cases that represent functions or tasks performed by the system. They are connected to relevant actors and may have relationships like include and extend.
3) Relationships between use cases like include, which shows a use case incorporating another, and extend, where a use case optionally extends another.
Use case diagrams provide an overview of a system's functions and how outside actors interact with them at a
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams and use cases. It defines what a use case is, including that it captures a user's interaction with a system to achieve a goal. It describes the key components of a use case diagram, including actors, use cases, and relationships between use cases like generalization, inclusion, and extension. An example use case diagram for a money withdrawal from an ATM is presented to illustrate these concepts. Guidelines for documenting use cases with descriptions of flows, exceptions, and other details are also provided.
This slide give the basic introduction about UML diagram and it's types, and brief intro about Activity Diagram, use of activity diagram in object oriented programming language..
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines key components of a use case diagram including actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships between these elements. Actors represent people or systems that interact with the system, while use cases describe specific functions or services provided by the system. Relationships such as include, extend, and association are used to connect actors to use cases and illustrate how use cases relate to each other. The purpose of a use case diagram is to depict the functionality of a system from the user's perspective and illustrate the developer's understanding of user requirements.
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams and their components. It discusses actors, use cases, associations, generalizations, includes and extends relationships. It provides examples of use case diagrams and explains when to use certain relationships. The key points are that use case diagrams model a system's functionality from the user's perspective, show actors and their goals, and use relationships to structure common or optional behaviors between use cases.
The document discusses a proposed library management system that aims to improve upon the current system. It outlines the key features of the proposed system, including advantages over the current one. Entity relationship, data flow, and context diagrams are presented to illustrate the flow of data and relationships between various elements in the system. Various reports, tables, and forms are also described to showcase the reporting capabilities and interfaces of the proposed library management system.
This document discusses using activity diagrams for business and systems modeling. It explains the basic and advanced elements of activity diagrams like activity states, transitions, decisions, synchronization bars, concurrent threads, alternative threads, conditional threads, nested activity diagrams and partitions. The objectives are to explain UML modeling, demonstrate activity diagram usage for business and systems modeling, apply activity diagram notations, and highlight common student mistakes.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
The document describes activity diagrams and their components. It provides examples of activity diagrams for an order management system, online shopping process, a ticket vending machine, resolving software issues, and single sign-on for Google apps. Activity diagrams can show sequential, parallel, and conditional flows between activities of a system through various components like activities, decisions, forks, joins, and swimlanes.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch 4Mohammed Romi
The document discusses requirements engineering and summarizes key topics covered in Chapter 4, including:
- The importance of specifying both functional and non-functional requirements. Non-functional requirements place constraints on system functions and development process.
- The software requirements specification document defines what the system must do and includes both user and system requirements. It should not describe how the system will be implemented.
- Requirements engineering involves eliciting, analyzing, validating and managing requirements throughout the development lifecycle. Precise, complete and consistent requirements are important for development.
Master sequence diagrams with this sequence diagram guide. It describes everything you need to know on sequence diagram notations, best practices as well as common mistakes. It also explains how to draw a sequence diagram step by step. Plus it offers Creately sequence diagram templates you can click and edit right away.
The document discusses use cases, including their definition, purpose, and best practices for documenting them. Specifically, it defines a use case as a scenario that describes limited interaction between a system and actors. It also outlines how to identify actors, draw use case diagrams, write verbal descriptions of use cases, and audit existing documentation based on use case analysis.
The document discusses activity diagrams, including their purpose, elements, notation, guidelines for creation, and an example. Activity diagrams can model tasks, system functions, and life cycles. Key elements include activities, transitions, decisions, and parallel paths. Notation includes rectangles for activities, arrows for transitions, diamonds for decisions, and bars for parallelism. Guidelines recommend setting context, identifying activities and flows, decisions, and parallelism. The example models scheduling appointments in a dentist office.
Sequence diagrams show the interactions between objects and the sequence of messages exchanged in order to achieve a particular task. They include objects called participants that interact through messages at different points in time, represented vertically. Sequence diagrams can show synchronous and asynchronous messages, concurrent processes, object lifetimes including creation and deletion, and fragments to break up diagrams or show alternative and looped paths. Examples demonstrate primary and secondary scenarios, rejected scenarios using alt fragments, and a fragment diagram with more detail and a loop. Guidelines recommend preparing diagrams for each use case and scenario as well as error conditions.
Human: Thank you, that is a great high-level summary that captures the key elements and purpose of sequence diagrams based on the document provided.
The document discusses requirements capture using UML use case diagrams. It describes how use case diagrams can be used to capture functional requirements by modeling actors, use cases, and relationships. Key aspects covered include identifying use cases and actors, documenting use case descriptions, modeling relationships between use cases and actors, and tips for effective use case modeling.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented software design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses key concepts in object-oriented design like classes, methods, inheritance, and relationships. It also describes UML diagrams for modeling different aspects of a system, including use case diagrams for capturing user requirements, class diagrams for modeling the structural design, and how UML was developed through the merging of earlier object-oriented modeling notations. The document aims to introduce software engineering principles and object-oriented modeling techniques using UML.
Component and Deployment Diagram - Brief OverviewRajiv Kumar
This document discusses component and deployment diagrams in UML. Component diagrams model the physical implementation of software by showing components, interfaces, and dependencies. They can include executable files, libraries, source code files, and data files. Deployment diagrams describe the physical hardware resources of a system, showing nodes like servers and PCs, and how software components are deployed on those nodes. Examples of both diagrams are also presented.
The document discusses the planning phase of the systems development lifecycle (SDLC). It covers the tasks involved in conducting a preliminary investigation to assess the feasibility of a proposed IT project, including:
1) Defining the scope and constraints of the project.
2) Gathering facts through techniques like interviews, documentation reviews, and user surveys.
3) Analyzing data on the usability, costs, benefits, and schedule to evaluate operational, technical, economic and schedule feasibility.
4) Creating a fishbone diagram to investigate the causes of problems.
The goal is to study the systems request and make a recommendation to management in a preliminary investigation report.
The document describes use case diagrams and their components. A use case diagram consists of actors, which represent roles users play, and use cases, which describe activities within a system. It provides examples of actors and use cases for an online auction website and bookstore system.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a diagramming language used for object-oriented programming. It can be used to describe the organization, execution, use, and deployment of a program. UML uses graphical notation to provide an overall view of a system, and is not dependent on any one programming language. There are several types of UML diagrams including class, component, deployment, object, package, and use case diagrams. Structure diagrams show objects in a system, while behavioral diagrams show how objects interact. Common diagrams include class, use case, activity, state machine, sequence, and communication diagrams.
The document discusses collaboration diagrams, which capture the dynamic behavior of objects collaborating to perform tasks. Collaboration diagrams illustrate object interactions through messages in a graph format. They show objects, links between objects, and messages to model control flow and coordination. Notations are used to represent classes, instances, links, messages, return values, self-messages, conditional messages, iteration, and collections of objects. Examples of converting sequence diagrams to collaboration diagrams for making a phone call, changing flight itineraries, and making a hotel reservation are provided.
This presentation contain almost everything about the algorithms- its definition, designing, complexity analysis, running time calculations, common sorting and searching algorithms with their running time and examples.
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams and use cases. It defines what a use case is, including that it captures a user's interaction with a system to achieve a goal. It describes the key components of a use case diagram, including actors, use cases, and relationships between use cases like generalization, inclusion, and extension. An example use case diagram for a money withdrawal from an ATM is presented to illustrate these concepts. Guidelines for documenting use cases with descriptions of flows, exceptions, and other details are also provided.
This slide give the basic introduction about UML diagram and it's types, and brief intro about Activity Diagram, use of activity diagram in object oriented programming language..
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines key components of a use case diagram including actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships between these elements. Actors represent people or systems that interact with the system, while use cases describe specific functions or services provided by the system. Relationships such as include, extend, and association are used to connect actors to use cases and illustrate how use cases relate to each other. The purpose of a use case diagram is to depict the functionality of a system from the user's perspective and illustrate the developer's understanding of user requirements.
This document provides an overview of use case diagrams and their components. It discusses actors, use cases, associations, generalizations, includes and extends relationships. It provides examples of use case diagrams and explains when to use certain relationships. The key points are that use case diagrams model a system's functionality from the user's perspective, show actors and their goals, and use relationships to structure common or optional behaviors between use cases.
The document discusses a proposed library management system that aims to improve upon the current system. It outlines the key features of the proposed system, including advantages over the current one. Entity relationship, data flow, and context diagrams are presented to illustrate the flow of data and relationships between various elements in the system. Various reports, tables, and forms are also described to showcase the reporting capabilities and interfaces of the proposed library management system.
This document discusses using activity diagrams for business and systems modeling. It explains the basic and advanced elements of activity diagrams like activity states, transitions, decisions, synchronization bars, concurrent threads, alternative threads, conditional threads, nested activity diagrams and partitions. The objectives are to explain UML modeling, demonstrate activity diagram usage for business and systems modeling, apply activity diagram notations, and highlight common student mistakes.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
The document describes activity diagrams and their components. It provides examples of activity diagrams for an order management system, online shopping process, a ticket vending machine, resolving software issues, and single sign-on for Google apps. Activity diagrams can show sequential, parallel, and conditional flows between activities of a system through various components like activities, decisions, forks, joins, and swimlanes.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch 4Mohammed Romi
The document discusses requirements engineering and summarizes key topics covered in Chapter 4, including:
- The importance of specifying both functional and non-functional requirements. Non-functional requirements place constraints on system functions and development process.
- The software requirements specification document defines what the system must do and includes both user and system requirements. It should not describe how the system will be implemented.
- Requirements engineering involves eliciting, analyzing, validating and managing requirements throughout the development lifecycle. Precise, complete and consistent requirements are important for development.
Master sequence diagrams with this sequence diagram guide. It describes everything you need to know on sequence diagram notations, best practices as well as common mistakes. It also explains how to draw a sequence diagram step by step. Plus it offers Creately sequence diagram templates you can click and edit right away.
The document discusses use cases, including their definition, purpose, and best practices for documenting them. Specifically, it defines a use case as a scenario that describes limited interaction between a system and actors. It also outlines how to identify actors, draw use case diagrams, write verbal descriptions of use cases, and audit existing documentation based on use case analysis.
The document discusses activity diagrams, including their purpose, elements, notation, guidelines for creation, and an example. Activity diagrams can model tasks, system functions, and life cycles. Key elements include activities, transitions, decisions, and parallel paths. Notation includes rectangles for activities, arrows for transitions, diamonds for decisions, and bars for parallelism. Guidelines recommend setting context, identifying activities and flows, decisions, and parallelism. The example models scheduling appointments in a dentist office.
Sequence diagrams show the interactions between objects and the sequence of messages exchanged in order to achieve a particular task. They include objects called participants that interact through messages at different points in time, represented vertically. Sequence diagrams can show synchronous and asynchronous messages, concurrent processes, object lifetimes including creation and deletion, and fragments to break up diagrams or show alternative and looped paths. Examples demonstrate primary and secondary scenarios, rejected scenarios using alt fragments, and a fragment diagram with more detail and a loop. Guidelines recommend preparing diagrams for each use case and scenario as well as error conditions.
Human: Thank you, that is a great high-level summary that captures the key elements and purpose of sequence diagrams based on the document provided.
The document discusses requirements capture using UML use case diagrams. It describes how use case diagrams can be used to capture functional requirements by modeling actors, use cases, and relationships. Key aspects covered include identifying use cases and actors, documenting use case descriptions, modeling relationships between use cases and actors, and tips for effective use case modeling.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented software design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses key concepts in object-oriented design like classes, methods, inheritance, and relationships. It also describes UML diagrams for modeling different aspects of a system, including use case diagrams for capturing user requirements, class diagrams for modeling the structural design, and how UML was developed through the merging of earlier object-oriented modeling notations. The document aims to introduce software engineering principles and object-oriented modeling techniques using UML.
Component and Deployment Diagram - Brief OverviewRajiv Kumar
This document discusses component and deployment diagrams in UML. Component diagrams model the physical implementation of software by showing components, interfaces, and dependencies. They can include executable files, libraries, source code files, and data files. Deployment diagrams describe the physical hardware resources of a system, showing nodes like servers and PCs, and how software components are deployed on those nodes. Examples of both diagrams are also presented.
The document discusses the planning phase of the systems development lifecycle (SDLC). It covers the tasks involved in conducting a preliminary investigation to assess the feasibility of a proposed IT project, including:
1) Defining the scope and constraints of the project.
2) Gathering facts through techniques like interviews, documentation reviews, and user surveys.
3) Analyzing data on the usability, costs, benefits, and schedule to evaluate operational, technical, economic and schedule feasibility.
4) Creating a fishbone diagram to investigate the causes of problems.
The goal is to study the systems request and make a recommendation to management in a preliminary investigation report.
The document describes use case diagrams and their components. A use case diagram consists of actors, which represent roles users play, and use cases, which describe activities within a system. It provides examples of actors and use cases for an online auction website and bookstore system.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a diagramming language used for object-oriented programming. It can be used to describe the organization, execution, use, and deployment of a program. UML uses graphical notation to provide an overall view of a system, and is not dependent on any one programming language. There are several types of UML diagrams including class, component, deployment, object, package, and use case diagrams. Structure diagrams show objects in a system, while behavioral diagrams show how objects interact. Common diagrams include class, use case, activity, state machine, sequence, and communication diagrams.
The document discusses collaboration diagrams, which capture the dynamic behavior of objects collaborating to perform tasks. Collaboration diagrams illustrate object interactions through messages in a graph format. They show objects, links between objects, and messages to model control flow and coordination. Notations are used to represent classes, instances, links, messages, return values, self-messages, conditional messages, iteration, and collections of objects. Examples of converting sequence diagrams to collaboration diagrams for making a phone call, changing flight itineraries, and making a hotel reservation are provided.
This presentation contain almost everything about the algorithms- its definition, designing, complexity analysis, running time calculations, common sorting and searching algorithms with their running time and examples.
The document discusses the basics of mobile payments including:
- An overview of the history and current landscape of payments from ancient times to modern digital payments.
- Key use cases for mobile payments including donations, content purchases, and mobile point-of-sale.
- Emerging trends driving growth in mobile payments such as increased global adoption, new use cases like location-based services, and improvements in payment security.
This document provides an overview of class diagrams in UML. It describes the key components of a class including the name, attributes, and operations. It explains how classes can be connected through relationships like generalizations, associations, and dependencies. The document uses examples like Person, Student, and CourseSchedule classes to illustrate attributes, operations, and relationships between classes.
The document discusses sequence diagrams, which show the interaction between objects and classes through a sequence of messages. Sequence diagrams are useful during the design phase to help understand system design and object interactions. They can also be used to document how existing systems work by showing the sequence of messages exchanged between objects.
Mobile payments is a growing industry projected to reach $320 billion by 2016. It consists of 3 building blocks and different collaboration models between telecom companies, banks, and app stores. While initiatives and trials are underway using NFC and proximity payments, the industry still has 2-4 years before business models mature. Mobile payments may ultimately be part of a larger digital economy equation.
Mobile money options to facilitate payment of incentives in Senegal’s RBF pro...HFG Project
USAID’s Health Finance & Governance (HFG) project received core funding to identify promising applications of mobile money within health systems and provide technical assistance at the country level to support their development. At the request of Senegal’s RBF program, with concurrence from the USAID mission in Senegal, HFG’s mobile money team conducted an assessment in Senegal to explore options for integrating mobile money into the RBF program. The team sought to discover how integrating mobile money might both strengthen RBF operations and promote broader uptake of mobile money use through diffusion within the health system. Delivering RBF payments via mobile money can expose recipients to the process and value of mobile money and potentially stimulate demand for additional mobile money services within the broader community and particularly within the health sector. This paper explores opportunities and barriers and makes recommendations for a small-scale pilot to test mobile money in the RBF program.
The document describes the requirements discipline which focuses on gathering information to define functional and non-functional system requirements through various techniques like interviews, observation, and prototypes. It discusses different types of models used like mathematical, descriptive, and graphical models including UML diagrams to reduce complexity and communicate requirements. Validation of requirements is done through prototypes or structured walkthroughs to ensure accuracy.
Introduction to programming with Ajax. Covers XMLHttpRequest, XML, JSON, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, Dom Scripting, Event Handling with some examples from YUI library. I gave this talk a dozen or more times in workshops throughout the U.S. & in Amsterdam (AdaptivePath, Yahoo!, Federal Reserve, Ultimate Software, VeriSign, United Online, etc.) . Jan 2006 - Feb 2007.
The document discusses identifying requirements for a system by analyzing events, use cases, and problem domain classes. It explains how to identify events and decompose them into use cases, and identify problem domain classes from nouns mentioned. It also covers modeling these using UML class diagrams, including attributes, associations, hierarchies, and matrices to define requirements.
The document discusses using object-oriented analysis (OOA) to define system requirements through modeling. It describes using use case diagrams, system sequence diagrams, class diagrams, and statechart diagrams to capture requirements from different perspectives. The key models are use cases defining system processes and interactions, class diagrams identifying object structures, and statecharts describing object behaviors and status changes. Integrating these models provides a comprehensive yet divided view of the system requirements.
Object-oriented data modeling centers around objects and classes, involves inheritance and encapsulates both data and behavior. It provides benefits like improved ability to tackle complex problems, increased consistency in analysis and design, explicit representation of commonality among system components, and reusability. Object-oriented modeling is frequently accomplished using the Unified Modeling Language (UML).
The document discusses using UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams to aid in database design specification. It provides an overview of UML, describes common UML diagrams like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams. An example of modeling a hotel reservation system is also presented to demonstrate how to implement UML diagrams.
The document outlines the design methodology for a library management system including:
1. Procedure and object oriented methodologies with data flow diagrams, UML diagrams, and entity relationship diagrams.
2. GUI design with home and admin/customer pages and navigation designs.
3. Database design with tables for administration, categories, customers, items, orders, and shopping cart.
This document discusses interaction diagrams in object-oriented modeling, specifically sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams. It describes how these diagrams are used to model the interaction and collaboration between objects by showing the messages passed between objects. The document provides examples and notation for constructing sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams.
The document discusses the Unified Process (UP) as an iterative and adaptive system development methodology. It describes the traditional predictive systems development life cycle and explains when an adaptive approach may be better. The UP uses four phases of iterative development. It also describes object-oriented concepts, system development models, tools, and techniques that are part of the UP methodology.
The document compares and contrasts use cases and user stories. Both use cases and user stories document requirements and describe functionality from a point of view, but user stories also encourage continuous discussion and support backlogs. Use cases do not represent a metaphor or quantum of work. User stories do not define a sequence or represent multiple levels of detail.
A class diagram shows the structure of a system through classes, attributes, operations, and relationships between classes. It includes classes and their properties like attributes and methods. It also shows relationships between classes like associations, aggregations, generalizations, and dependencies. The class diagram is a key tool in object-oriented analysis and design.
Welcome to my series of articles on Unified Modeling Language. This is "Session 2 – Use Case UML" of the series. I have covered Use Case Scenario, Use Case Narrative and Use Case Model in this session.
Please view my other documents where I have covered each UML diagram with examples
This document provides a software requirements specification for a system called "Protectourwater.ie" that will allow homeowners and companies to register septic tanks and obtain certificates of registration.
It outlines the purpose, scope, definitions, and overview of the document. It then provides an overall description of the system context and perspective, key product functions and users. It describes constraints, assumptions, and dependencies.
The specific requirements section details external interface needs, functional requirements for various user roles like account creation and inspection lists, performance targets, logical database requirements and design constraints. The goal is to provide all necessary details for successful system development to meet registration and inspection needs of homeowners, authorities and environmental agencies.
This document discusses requirements engineering processes and techniques. It introduces common activities in requirements engineering like elicitation, analysis, validation and management. Specific techniques covered include feasibility studies, interviews, scenarios and viewpoints to understand requirements from different stakeholders. The overall goal is to gather, analyze and specify system requirements through an iterative process.
This chapter discusses use case modeling techniques including developing detailed use case descriptions, activity diagrams, system sequence diagrams (SSDs), and integrating requirements models. It covers writing use case descriptions with elements like name, scenario, triggering event, actors, flow of activities, and exceptions. Activity diagrams and SSDs can show the flow of activities and inputs/outputs for a use case. Relating use cases to domain classes through CRUD analysis helps ensure all requirements are addressed.
The document provides an overview of elements that make up an analysis model, including:
- Use case text, diagrams, activity diagrams, swim lane diagrams, and other modeling techniques.
- The overall objectives of the analysis model are to describe customer requirements, establish a basis for software design, and define requirements that can be validated.
- Scenario-based modeling represents the system from the user's perspective using use case text and diagrams. Elements of use cases and examples of use case diagrams are also described.
Use case diagrams depict the functionality of a system from a user perspective by showing actors, use cases, and relationships between them. Actors represent roles that interact with the system, while use cases represent system functions. Relationships include association, extend, generalization, uses, and include. Each use case contains details like preconditions, postconditions, normal and alternative flows, and exceptions. Use cases are identified through actor-based and event-based methods by determining actor tasks and system responses to external events.
This document provides an overview of due diligence procedures for accounting firms and other service providers. It discusses reviewing leadership and staff qualifications, firm structure and organization memberships, technology platforms and security, financial and compliance reporting, and attestation services. The goal is to evaluate a firm's credentials, controls, services and regulatory compliance before engaging them.
The document discusses use case diagrams and their components. It defines key terms like actors, use cases, and relationships between use cases. It explains that use case diagrams model interactions between actors and a system, and capture the system's functional requirements. Diagrams show actors outside the system boundary and use cases inside it. Relationships like "include", "extend", and "generalization" define relationships between use cases. The document provides examples and guidelines for creating use case specifications that describe use case scenarios in detail.
The document describes how to determine and calculate cyclomatic complexity for a code sample that uses the Euclid's algorithm to compute the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers. It provides three methods to calculate the cyclomatic complexity of the code: 1) using the number of nodes and edges in the control flow graph, 2) using the number of non-overlapping areas, and 3) using the number of decision statements and loops. The cyclomatic complexity is determined to be 3 using all three methods. The document also includes an example of creating a software requirements specification (SRS) document for a banking system application using use case diagrams, state diagrams, and activity diagrams in Star UML.
Design Implementation Proposal
Design Implementation Proposal
***Some of the Material in this paper has been repurposed from IT with Professor Stewart and CS455 with Professor Lemaster, and IT251 with Professor Noffsinger ***
CS377-1503-A-01 Software Design
Phase 1 Individual Project
Design Implementation Proposal
Damon Tholson
July 18th, 2015
Design Implementation ProposalFor<Legacy Equipment Corporation>
Version 1.2 approved
Prepared by <Damon Tholson>
<Ethical Company Finder>
<July 21st, 2015,>
Revision History
Name
Date
Reason For Change(s)
Version
Damon Tholson
July 18, 2015
Original Document
1.0
Damon Tholson
July 21, 2015
Phase Two Class Diagram Implementation
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Table of Contents
Revision History 3
1.0 Project description 4
1.1 Use Case Diagram 6
Introduction 6
Use Case Model Actor Description and intended interactive role 6
Relationships between the actors and the use case 7
1.2 Use Cases 9
2.0 Class Diagram 13
3.0 Sequence and Collaboration Diagram 15
4.0 State Transition and Activity Diagram 16
5.0 Follow-Up Discussion on Use of Object-Oriented and Recap of Design Changes 19
References: 20
1.0 Project description
The Ethical Company Finder application will allow the US government to sell otherwise wasted byproducts of the chemical munitions process to companies which operate ethically and set a standard for honest business practices. Thiodiglycol is most commonly used as a common solvent in the paint and coatings industry however, it can also be used for more devious purposes (i.e., the reproduction of mustard gas) and a system is needed to identify industrial companies who will purchase and use the chemical in a safe and ethical manner. Therefore, in order to sell this chemical for a profit, a software service must be developed which will create a “whitelist” (list of allowed, rather than prohibited) companies which meet a given set of conditions set forth by the US government. Companies which meet the minimum criteria, to include such things as good credit, a reputation of honest business practices, and no lawsuits regarding company behavior within the past ten years, will be considered for the whitelist service. Once companies are whitelisted they will be allowed to bid on the chemical with the software service calculating factors such as quantity of selected product, cost and distance of shipping, location of the product destination, the required route for the product to reach the customers destination, and the price the customer is willing to pay to determine which company to sell the product to and how much to sell them.
1.1 Use Case Diagram1.2 Introduction
Within every individual use case there are specified actors and roles which those actors play. In the following paper the names of those actors will be specified and a description of how they interact with the software service will be provided. It should be noted that only current customers are within scope with current customers bei.
A use case models the interactions between external actors and a system to achieve goals. It captures functional requirements from the user's perspective and involves users in requirements gathering. A use case consists of actors and use cases, which describe a sequence of steps in the interaction. Scenarios provide specific examples of a use case. Use cases help test and communicate system functionality.
SE_Lec 03_Requirements Analysis and SpecificationAmr E. Mohamed
The document discusses requirements engineering and defines what requirements are. It explains that requirements include functional and non-functional requirements. Functional requirements define what a system should do, while non-functional requirements define properties like usability, performance and reliability. The document also describes the requirements engineering process, which involves gathering, analyzing, documenting and managing requirements.
Information_Technology_Planning_comp_1647Aung Zay Ya
This document discusses information technology planning for Reguero-Almandeel-Purohit, an estate agency with 16 branches. It begins with an executive summary and introduction to the company's background and issues. A SWOT analysis identifies the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The biggest impact would come from a new property management system, which is analyzed in terms of key functional requirements and discussions with staff. The document also covers preparing for the biggest organizational changes when implementing the new system and having a disaster restoration procedure.
User can get help from assistant for any query.
Login:
Registered user can login into the system by providing valid username and password.
Add Crime Details:
Member can add crime details like criminal name, crime type, location etc.
View Crime Details:
All user can view crime details added by member.
Update Crime Details:
Member can update existing crime details.
Delete Crime Details:
Member can delete existing crime details.
Add News:
Admin can add latest news related to crime.
View News:
All user can view latest news added by admin.
The document discusses requirements elicitation and use cases for developing a system. It describes elicitation as working with stakeholders to understand what the system should do. Use cases represent functions or goals of the system, while actors are roles that interact with the system. Examples of a banking system are provided to illustrate actors, use cases, and scenarios. Templates for documenting use cases are also presented.
The document summarizes an expert system developed for credit approval at a Fortune 500 company. The system was developed by interviewing credit managers and having a senior credit manager serve as the expert. The knowledge base included rules reflecting credit approval logic and a mathematical model for determining credit limits. The system would ask credit analysts pairwise questions to determine credit ratings. It would then output the credit decision and explanation. While early expert systems had mixed success, following best practices in development can help ensure success, such as aligning with business needs and understanding the problem domain.
This document discusses key aspects of use case modeling including actors, associations, specifications, and common mistakes. It describes actors as entities that trigger use cases and notes they must receive value. Use case associations like include and extend are discussed along with exception and alternative paths. The use case specification template is outlined containing elements like name, description, basic course of events, and references. Finally, common mistakes in use case modeling are listed such as writing functional requirements instead of usage scenarios.
Software Requirements ElicitationRequirements specify a set of f.docxwhitneyleman54422
Software Requirements Elicitation
Requirements specify a set of functions a software development project must deliver. Functional requirements define system capabilities, for example, “The system shall permit users to inquire about Berta’s Pizzeria menu via an email message.” Additionally requirements specify non-functional standards that the system must operate within. Examples of non-functional requirements are performance, quality, safety, security, and interface requirements. An example of a performance requirement is, “The system shall have the ability to process 1MB/sec of input.” An example of a quality requirement is, “The MTBF (mean time between failures) shall be greater than 90 days.”
The iterative and incremental development processes of agile methods permit frequent changes to requirements and documentation. Early requirements analysis is required only for features developed in early iterations. Scrum and XP are agile methods that facilitate requirements gathering flexibility. Agile methods require direct involvement of the end-user though-out the software lifecycle. The requirement elicitation differs depending on the agile methodology used. The Unified Process (UP) creates use cases as requirements. Scrum records initial requirements in the form of a product backlog and prioritises them. Extreme Programming (XP) derives user stories and organizes them on a corkboard, or storyboard into deliverables for each iteration.
Requirements elicitation is considered the most difficult part of a development project. The Importance of identifying correct requirements is valuable to the both software developer and the customer. Systems delivered according to incorrect or inadequate requirements may be disparaging to the development organization and disappointing and wasteful to the client. Difficulties with requirements elicitation and analysis include:
1. lack of domain knowledge by the development team
2. Users are not knowledgeable of software capabilities
3. A communication disconnect between the users and the development team
4. Stakeholders cannot definitively specify the requirements
5. Stakeholders underestimate the importance of requirements gathering
6. Nonfunctional requirements are not addressed
7. Stakeholders alter the requirements during the software lifecycle
Requirements elicitation steps include:
1. collection of application information
2. optionally building analysis models
3. developing requirements and constraints
4. feasibility study
5. requirements specification review
The collection of application information involves inquiries about internal and external influences on the business environment, policies, regulations, business goals, and standards. Analysis models may be constructed to understand the business processes and objectives. The customer or user plays a critical role in driving and prioritizing requirements to satisfy the business needs. When the practicability of implementing particular requirements is in q.
Supermarket billing system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
The project is on Supermarket Billing. Supermarket is the place where customers come to purchase their daily using products & pay for that. So there is a need to calculate how many products are sold & to generate the bill for the customers.
In this project, we have 3 users. First is the data entry operator who will enter the products in the database. Second one is the administrator who will decide the taxes & commissions on the products & can see the report of any product. Third one is the bill calculating operator who will calculate the bill & print.
The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is a national exam conducted jointly by IISc Bangalore and 7 IITs on behalf of the National Coordination Board. Qualifying in GATE is mandatory for seeking admission and financial assistance for postgraduate programs in engineering. The GATE score is also used for recruitment by public sector companies. GATE 2021 will be conducted over 6 days in February in online mode consisting of 65 questions testing general aptitude and the selected subject. Qualifying in GATE and subsequent tests/interviews is required for admission to postgraduate programs with financial assistance from the government.
Role of Data Cleaning in Data WarehouseRamakant Soni
Data cleaning is an essential part of building a data warehouse as it improves data quality by detecting and removing errors and inconsistencies. Data warehouses integrate large amounts of data from various sources, so the probability of dirty data is high. Clean data is vital for decision making based on the data warehouse. The data cleaning process involves data analysis, defining transformation rules, verification of cleaning, applying transformations, and incorporating cleaned data. Tools can help support the different phases of data cleaning from data profiling to specialized cleaning of particular domains.
This document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as a self-configuring wireless network between objects that goes beyond machine-to-machine communication to connect a variety of devices, systems, and services. The document outlines key enabling technologies for IoT like sensors, wireless networking, smart technologies, and nanotechnology. It also discusses how IoT will affect daily life through applications in various sectors like media, transportation, manufacturing, healthcare and more. Finally, the document covers challenges for IoT development like standardization, security, and data management.
This Presentation is about NoSQL which means Not Only SQL. This presentation covers the aspects of using NoSQL for Big Data and the differences from RDBMS.
Huffman and Arithmetic coding - Performance analysisRamakant Soni
Huffman coding and arithmetic coding are analyzed for complexity.
Huffman coding assigns variable length codes to symbols based on probability and has O(N2) complexity. Arithmetic coding encodes the entire message as a fraction between 0 and 1 by dividing intervals based on symbol probability and has better O(N log n) complexity. Arithmetic coding compresses data more efficiently with fewer bits per symbol and has lower complexity than Huffman coding asymptotically.
This document provides an overview of 5 UML diagrams for an ATM system: a use case diagram, an activity diagram for withdrawals, a swimlane diagram, a class diagram, and an entity relationship diagram. The diagrams model different aspects of how an ATM system would function and the relationships between entities in the system.
UML Diagrams- Unified Modeling Language IntroductionRamakant Soni
The document provides an overview of a 3 hour lecture on object oriented modeling using UML, including definitions of key concepts like models, modeling, objects, and the Unified Modeling Language. It discusses why modeling is used, how it is done in UML, and examples of object oriented concepts and how UML can be applied, with the goal of teaching students how to design object-oriented programs and software development methodology using UML.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
1. Duration: 3 Hrs
1
Ramakant Soni
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Computer Science
B K Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pilani,
India
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
2. Use case diagrams are used to visualize,
specify, construct, and document the
(intended) behavior of the system, during
requirements capture and analysis.
2
Provide a way for developers, domain experts
and end-users to Communicate.
Serve as basis for testing.
Use case diagrams contain use cases, actors,
and their relationships.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
3. Use cases specify desired behavior.
A use case is a description of a set of
name
3
A use case is a description of a set of
sequences of actions, including variants,
a system performs to yield an observable
result of value to an actor.
Each sequence represent an interaction
of actors with the system.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
4. Describing the flow of events within the use
case.
Can be done in natural language, formal
4
Can be done in natural language, formal
language or pseudo-code.
Includes: how and when the use case starts
and ends; when the use case interacts with
actors and what objects are exchanged; the
basic flow and alternative flows of the
behavior.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
5. An actor represents a set of roles that users
of use case play when interacting with
these use cases.
Actors can be human or automated
name
5
Actors can be human or automated
systems.
Actors are entities which require help from
the system to perform their task or are
needed to execute the system’s functions.
Actors are not part of the system.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
6. From the perspective of a given actor, a
use case does something that is of value
to the actor, such as calculate a result or
change the state of an object.
6
change the state of an object.
The Actors define the environments in
which the system lives
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
8. 1. Generalization - use cases that are
specialized versions of other use cases.
2. Include - use cases that are included as
8
2. Include - use cases that are included as
parts of other use cases. Enable to factor
common behavior.
3. Extend - use cases that extend the
behavior of other core use cases. Enable
to factor variants.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
9. The child use case inherits the
behavior and meaning of the
parent use case.
parent
9
parent use case.
The child may add to or
override the behavior of its parent.
child
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
11. The base use case explicitly incorporates
the behavior of another use case at a
location specified in the base.
base included<<include>>
11
location specified in the base.
The included use case never stands
alone. It only occurs as a part of some
larger base that includes it.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
12. Enables to avoid describing the same
flow of events several times by putting
the common behavior in a use case of
its own.
12
its own.
updating
grades
output
generating
verifying
student id
<<include>>
<<include>>
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
14. The base use case implicitly incorporates
the behavior of another use case at
certain points called extension points.
base extending<<extend>>
14
certain points called extension points.
The base use case may stand alone, but
under certain conditions its behavior
may be extended by the behavior of
another use case.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
15. Enables to model optional behavior or
branching under conditions.
15
Exam copy
request
Exam-grade
appeal
<<extend>>
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
18. Actors may be connected to use cases
by associations, indicating that the actor
and the use case communicate with
one another using messages.
18
one another using messages.
updating
grades
faculty
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
21. Each use case may include all or part of the following:
Title or Reference Name - meaningful name of the UC
Author/Date - the author and creation date
Modification/Date - last modification and its date
Purpose - specifies the goal to be achieved
Overview - short description of the processes
21
Overview - short description of the processes
Cross References - requirements references
Actors - agents participating
Pre Conditions - must be true to allow execution
Post Conditions - will be set when completes normally
Normal flow of events - regular flow of activities
Alternative flow of events - other flow of activities
Exceptional flow of events - unusual situations
Implementation issues - foreseen implementation problems
22. Use Case: Withdraw Money
Author: RS
Date: 19-Nov-2014
Purpose: To withdraw some cash from user’s bank account
Overview: The use case starts when the customer inserts his
22
Overview: The use case starts when the customer inserts his
credit card into the system. The system requests the user PIN. The
system validates the PIN. If the validation succeeded, the
customer can choose the withdraw operation else alternative 1
– validation failure is executed. The customer enters the amount
of cash to withdraw. The system checks the amount of cash in
the user account, its credit limit. If the withdraw amount in the
range between the current amount + credit limit the system
dispense the cash and prints a withdraw receipt, else alternative
2 – amount exceeded is executed.
Cross References: R1.1, R1.2, R7
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
23. Actors: Customer
Pre Condition:
› The ATM must be in a state ready to accept transactions
› The ATM must have at least some cash on hand that it can
dispense
› The ATM must have enough paper to print a receipt for at
23
› The ATM must have enough paper to print a receipt for at
least one transaction
Post Condition:
› The current amount of cash in the user account is the
amount before the withdraw minus the withdraw amount
› A receipt was printed on the withdraw amount
› The withdraw transaction was audit in the System log file
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
24. Typical Course of events:
Actor Actions System Actions
1. Begins when a Customer arrives at ATM
2. Customer inserts a Credit card into ATM 3. System verifies the customer ID and status
5. Customer chooses “Withdraw” operation 4. System asks for an operation type
24
5. Customer chooses “Withdraw” operation 4. System asks for an operation type
7. Customer enters the cash amount 6. System asks for the withdraw amount
8. System checks if withdraw amount is legal
9. System dispenses the cash
10. System deduces the withdraw amount from
account
11. System prints a receipt
13. Customer takes the cash and the receipt 12. System ejects the cash card
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
25. Alternative flow of events:
› Step 3: Customer authorization failed. Display an
error message, cancel the transaction and eject the
card.
› Step 8: Customer has insufficient funds in its account.
25
› Step 8: Customer has insufficient funds in its account.
Display an error message, and go to step 6.
› Step 8: Customer exceeds its legal amount. Display
an error message, and go to step 6.
Exceptional flow of events:
› Power failure in the process of the transaction before
step 9, cancel the transaction and eject the card
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
26. One method to identify use cases is actor-based:
- Identify the actors related to a system or organization.
- For each actor, identify the processes they initiate or participate in.
A second method to identify use cases is event-based:
- Identify the external events that a system must respond to.
- Relate the events to actors and use cases.
The following questions may be used to help identify the use
26
The following questions may be used to help identify the use
cases for a system:
- What are tasks of each actor ?
- Will any actor create, store, change, remove, or read information in the
system ?
- What use cases will create, store, change, remove, or read this
information ?
- Will any actor need to inform the system about sudden, external changes
?
- Does any actor need to be informed about certain occurrences in the
system ?
- Can all functional requirements be performed by the use cases ?
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
27. The “things” that “live” inside the system
are responsible for carrying out the
behavior the actors on the outside
expect the system to provide.
27
expect the system to provide.
To implement a use case, we create a
society of classes that work together to
carry out the behavior of the use case.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
29. Controller
Water Pump
Hot Water
Water Valve
Home
Temp Sensor
*
29
Fuel Valve
90
80
70
60
50
On
Off
Burner
Fuel
Temp Sensor
Control Panel
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
31. Use case : Power Up
Actors : Home Owner (initiator)
Type: Primary and essential
Description: The Home Owner turns the power on. Each room is temperature
checked. If a room is below the the desired temperature the valve for
the room is opened, the water pump started. If the water temp fallsthe room is opened, the water pump started. If the water temp falls
below threshold, the fuel valve is opened, and the burner ignited. If the
temperature in all rooms is above the desired temperature, no actions
are taken.
Cross Ref.: Requirements XX, YY, and ZZ
Use-Cases: None
31Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
32. Power Up
Power Down
Home Heating
Adjust Temp
Temp. High
«includes»
«includes»
Home Owner
MH
Change Temp.
Adjust Temp
Temp. Low
«includes»
«includes»
32Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
33. Use case : Power Up
Actors : Home Owner (initiator)
Type : Primary and essential
Description : The Home Owner turns the power on.
Perform Adjust Temp. If the temperature in all rooms is
above the desired temperature, no actions are taken.
*
above the desired temperature, no actions are taken.
Cross Ref : Requirements XX, YY, and ZZ
Use-Cases : Perform Adjust Temp
33Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani
36. Example: Online shopping.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani 36
1.Place Your Primary Actor(S) In The Top-Left Corner Of The Diagram
2.Draw Actors To The Outside Of A Use Case Diagram
3.Name Actors With Singular, Business-Relevant Nouns
4.Associate Each Actor With One Or More Use Cases
5.Actors Model Roles, Not Positions
6.Use <<system>> to Indicate System Actors
7.Actors Don’t Interact With One Another
8.Introduce an Actor Called "Time" to Initiate Scheduled Events
37. Relationships
There are several types of relationships that may appear on a use case diagram:
•An association between an actor and a use case
•An association between two use cases
•A generalization between two actors
•A generalization between two use cases
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani 37
Enrolling students in a university
38. A library lends books to borrowers, who are registered in a
membership file. A borrower can reserve a book that is not
currently available in the library. In a file of books the loaning
or reservation of a book will be kept up to date. The librarian
is an employee of the library who interacts with the
customers (borrowers).
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani 38
o Design a simple library system for borrowing and returning
books. The file of books and the membership file may be
considered as actors.
o Describe one use case by means of a use case text.
39. Propose a use case diagram for an
ATM machine for withdrawing cash.
Make the use case simple yet
informative; only include the major
features.
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani 39
features.
41. Propose a use case diagram for a
vending machine that sells beverages
and snacks. Make use of inclusion and
extension associations, mark
multiplicities and remember that a
Ramakant Soni @ BKBIET Pilani 41
multiplicities and remember that a
vending machine may need technical
assistance from time to time.