Formwork is used to create structures out of concrete that is poured into molds. It can be made from materials like steel, wood, aluminum, or prefabricated forms. Construction of formwork takes up 20-25% of total structure costs and involves supporting structures and molds. Proper formwork is designed to be easily removable, economical, leakproof, durable, rigid, provide smooth surfaces, be strong, and have adequate supports. Common types include conventional timber formwork, engineered prefabricated formwork, and modern systems like flying forms. Materials used include steel, plywood, plastic, and aluminum. Proper bracing and construction is needed to avoid failures from improper stripping, inadequate bracing, vibration
Formwork is a temporary mold into which concrete is poured and shaped. It must be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and construction loads. Common materials for formwork include timber, steel, plastic, and aluminum. Proper construction and removal of formwork is important for quality, safety, and economy of concrete structures. Failure to properly brace, support, or remove formwork can lead to collapse during construction.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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A presentation with exhaustive information about the general idea of formwork, the various types, the newest introductions and a comparative study between the conventional and modern-day formwork.
It also includes the study of causes of failure of formwork and the safety measures to be taken for preventing failure.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain and shape wet concrete until it is cured, and gain sufficient strength to support its own weight. It is commonly made from timber or steel. Formwork must balance requirements like containment, strength, resistance to leakage, accuracy, ease of handling, finish, access for concrete, and economy. It is designed according to factors like the loads it will support, type of structure being built, and materials used. Formwork goes through stages of assembly, concrete placement, and stripping. Proper design, construction, and maintenance of formwork is important to produce high quality, safe concrete structures economically.
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. Another imprecise term used for the material is stucco, which is also often used for plasterwork that is ...
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The document discusses different types and uses of concrete. It describes three ways concrete can be classified: by binding material (cement or lime concrete), design (plain, reinforced, or pre-stressed concrete), and purpose (vacuum, air entrained, or light weight concrete). For each type, the key ingredients and common uses are provided. The document also covers mix design ratios, water-cement ratios, slump and workability tests, and the compaction factor test for evaluating concrete workability.
Modern construction formworks:-
1. Aluminium formwork
2. Precast system
3.Modular formwork
4.Tunnel formwork
5.Fiberglass shuttering
Description of each formwork with their advantages and disadvantages
Formwork is a temporary mold into which concrete is poured and shaped. It must be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and construction loads. Common materials for formwork include timber, steel, plastic, and aluminum. Proper construction and removal of formwork is important for quality, safety, and economy of concrete structures. Failure to properly brace, support, or remove formwork can lead to collapse during construction.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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wiki advantages and disadvantages
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A presentation with exhaustive information about the general idea of formwork, the various types, the newest introductions and a comparative study between the conventional and modern-day formwork.
It also includes the study of causes of failure of formwork and the safety measures to be taken for preventing failure.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain and shape wet concrete until it is cured, and gain sufficient strength to support its own weight. It is commonly made from timber or steel. Formwork must balance requirements like containment, strength, resistance to leakage, accuracy, ease of handling, finish, access for concrete, and economy. It is designed according to factors like the loads it will support, type of structure being built, and materials used. Formwork goes through stages of assembly, concrete placement, and stripping. Proper design, construction, and maintenance of formwork is important to produce high quality, safe concrete structures economically.
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. In English "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. Another imprecise term used for the material is stucco, which is also often used for plasterwork that is ...
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interior plastering techniques
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The document discusses different types and uses of concrete. It describes three ways concrete can be classified: by binding material (cement or lime concrete), design (plain, reinforced, or pre-stressed concrete), and purpose (vacuum, air entrained, or light weight concrete). For each type, the key ingredients and common uses are provided. The document also covers mix design ratios, water-cement ratios, slump and workability tests, and the compaction factor test for evaluating concrete workability.
Modern construction formworks:-
1. Aluminium formwork
2. Precast system
3.Modular formwork
4.Tunnel formwork
5.Fiberglass shuttering
Description of each formwork with their advantages and disadvantages
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in reusable molds in a controlled environment, then transporting and assembling on site. It enables faster construction with less weather dependence and improved quality control. Precast concrete provides structural strength and durability while allowing flexibility in shapes and finishes. Though precast reduces on-site work, connection design between pieces can be challenging. Overall, precast construction responds well to market demands for speed, quality, and standardized design.
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
Slab is a thin concrete structure used for flooring that can be square, rectangular, or circular. Slabs vary in thickness from 4-6 inches depending on load and are made of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and reinforcement bars. There are several types of slabs including one-way slabs which carry load in one direction, two-way slabs which carry load in two directions, joist slabs which have concrete ribs for support, and precast slabs which are constructed off-site and transported. Other slab types include flat plates, flat slabs, waffle slabs, hollow core slabs, and composite slabs which incorporate a steel deck.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
This document provides information on concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that hardens over time into a strong building material.
- Proper mixing, placing, and curing of the concrete allows it to gain strength through a process called hydration as it ages.
- Factors like the water-cement ratio, type of aggregates, compaction, and curing affect the properties and strength of hardened concrete.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
Hollow concrete blocks are large rectangular bricks used in construction. They are made from Portland cement, aggregate like sand and gravel, and have one or more hollow cores, making them over 50% solid. Standard blocks come in full and half sizes, with full blocks being rectangular with two cores and half blocks being cubical with one core. The manufacturing process involves mixing raw materials, molding blocks, vibrating and compacting, curing and drying, and packing. Hollow blocks provide benefits like durability, low maintenance, fire resistance, insulation, cost effectiveness, and being environmentally friendly.
Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
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The document discusses underpinning, which is strengthening and stabilizing an existing building's foundation. Reasons for underpinning include an insufficient original foundation, changed building usage or soil properties, or nearby construction requiring soil excavation. Underpinning extends the foundation deeper or wider to bear on stronger soil or distribute load. Common methods are micropiles, jet grouting, and soil grouting. Types of underpinning include mass concrete, beam and base, and mini-piled underpinning. Mass concrete involves digging boxes and pouring concrete sequentially. Beam and base uses a reinforced concrete beam supported by mass concrete bases. Mini-piles are used for deep foundations on variable soils.
Chapter 10 wall finishes ( plastering,pointing & painting)KHUSHBU SHAH
This document discusses various aspects of wall finishes, specifically plastering, pointing, and painting. It begins by defining plastering as a process of obtaining a smooth surface on rough walls, roofs, columns, and ceilings. It then discusses the different types of mortars used for plastering, including lime, cement, and lime cement mortars. The document also covers methods of plastering such as multi-coat plastering and describes common plaster finishes. It concludes by discussing pointing in masonry construction and various pointing techniques.
Formwork refers to the temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it is cured. There are different types of formwork including wood and steel. Wood formwork uses props, planks, battens and sheeting while steel uses sheets, angles and tees. Formwork must be strong, waterproof, and allow concrete to harden to the required strength before removal. The timing of removal depends on concrete mix design and weather conditions. Formwork is an important part of concrete construction and can account for 20-60% of the total concrete cost.
This document provides an overview of different types of concrete and concrete walls presented by Kamrul Hassan. It discusses 15 types of concrete materials including modern concrete, high-strength concrete, stamped concrete, and glass concrete. It also describes 7 types of concrete walls including precast walls, poured walls, block walls, stucco walls, stamped walls, colored walls, and retaining walls. The advantages and uses of each wall type are summarized. The document concludes with descriptions of different types of masonry concrete blocks and alternative materials to concrete including honeycomb clay blocks, hemp blocks, and insulated concrete form blocks.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to contain freshly poured concrete and shape it to the required dimensions. Proper formwork design and construction is critical to ensure concrete quality and structural performance. Common causes of formwork failure include improper stripping, inadequate bracing, excessive vibration, unstable supports, and poor concrete placement control. To prevent failures, formwork should be carefully inspected for defects, properly braced and supported, and able to withstand anticipated loads without excessive deformation. Worker safety must also be a top priority during all formwork operations.
The document describes the construction process for columns, slabs, and beams in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the materials used and the typical steps involved, which include:
1) Layout and formwork installation
2) Placement of reinforcing steel based on structural designs
3) Pouring and finishing of concrete
4) Curing of concrete to gain full strength over 28 days
The columns transfer loads vertically through reinforced concrete that is mixed on site or delivered by ready-mix trucks. Slabs and beams are constructed through similar processes of steel reinforcement, formwork, concrete placement and curing.
Steel is a versatile material that is commonly used for large scale construction projects due to its strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Steel trusses are a type of structure frequently employed in buildings to provide support for roofs, floors, and other loads. They consist of compression and tension elements arranged in a triangulated pattern, allowing them to efficiently span long distances with minimal material. Common types of steel truss designs include Pratt, Warren, and Fink configurations. Truss members are often made of angles, channels, tubes, or other standard steel sections joined together with bolted or welded connections.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain poured concrete until it cures and can support itself. It needs to be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and withstand pouring and compaction loads. New materials like steel and plastics are now used for formwork in addition to wood. Slipforming allows for continuous vertical pouring of concrete structures like building cores without relying on external support, by using a formwork that rises slowly on its own as concrete is added.
Formwork is used to pour concrete into molds to form structures. It can be made from steel, wood, aluminum, or prefabricated forms. Good formwork is easy to remove, economical, leak-proof, rigid, durable, and provides smooth concrete surfaces. Formwork design considers categories like conventional, modern panel systems, and prefabricated modular systems. Steel, plywood, plastic, and aluminum are common materials. Proper bracing and erection sequences are needed to construct columns, beams, walls, stairs, and avoid failures during pouring.
Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support an unsafe or unstable structure. There are three main types of shoring: raking shores, flying shores, and dead shores. Raking shores use inclined members called rakers to provide lateral support to walls. Flying shores provide temporary support between party walls when an intermediate building is demolished. Dead shores provide vertical support to walls and structures when the lower part of a wall is removed, such as to add an opening.
Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in reusable molds in a controlled environment, then transporting and assembling on site. It enables faster construction with less weather dependence and improved quality control. Precast concrete provides structural strength and durability while allowing flexibility in shapes and finishes. Though precast reduces on-site work, connection design between pieces can be challenging. Overall, precast construction responds well to market demands for speed, quality, and standardized design.
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
Slab is a thin concrete structure used for flooring that can be square, rectangular, or circular. Slabs vary in thickness from 4-6 inches depending on load and are made of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and reinforcement bars. There are several types of slabs including one-way slabs which carry load in one direction, two-way slabs which carry load in two directions, joist slabs which have concrete ribs for support, and precast slabs which are constructed off-site and transported. Other slab types include flat plates, flat slabs, waffle slabs, hollow core slabs, and composite slabs which incorporate a steel deck.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
This document provides information on concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that hardens over time into a strong building material.
- Proper mixing, placing, and curing of the concrete allows it to gain strength through a process called hydration as it ages.
- Factors like the water-cement ratio, type of aggregates, compaction, and curing affect the properties and strength of hardened concrete.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
Hollow concrete blocks are large rectangular bricks used in construction. They are made from Portland cement, aggregate like sand and gravel, and have one or more hollow cores, making them over 50% solid. Standard blocks come in full and half sizes, with full blocks being rectangular with two cores and half blocks being cubical with one core. The manufacturing process involves mixing raw materials, molding blocks, vibrating and compacting, curing and drying, and packing. Hollow blocks provide benefits like durability, low maintenance, fire resistance, insulation, cost effectiveness, and being environmentally friendly.
Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
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construction joint vs expansion joint construction joint vs control joint sidewalk control joint spacing concrete wall control joints expansion joint concrete construction joint concrete concrete joints control joint
monolithic isolation joints isolation joint material isolation joint vs expansion joint isolation joint neo prene insulating joints pipeline isolation joint vs control joint isolation joints in concrete concrete slab isolation joint
construction joint vs expansion joint construction joint vs control joints idewalk control joint spacing concrete wall control joints expansion joint concrete construction joint concrete concrete joints control joint
concrete joint filler
concrete joint filler strips
control joint vs construction joint concrete
concrete control joint filler
concrete slab control joint detail
types of concrete expansion joints
construction joint concrete
control joints in concrete
The document discusses underpinning, which is strengthening and stabilizing an existing building's foundation. Reasons for underpinning include an insufficient original foundation, changed building usage or soil properties, or nearby construction requiring soil excavation. Underpinning extends the foundation deeper or wider to bear on stronger soil or distribute load. Common methods are micropiles, jet grouting, and soil grouting. Types of underpinning include mass concrete, beam and base, and mini-piled underpinning. Mass concrete involves digging boxes and pouring concrete sequentially. Beam and base uses a reinforced concrete beam supported by mass concrete bases. Mini-piles are used for deep foundations on variable soils.
Chapter 10 wall finishes ( plastering,pointing & painting)KHUSHBU SHAH
This document discusses various aspects of wall finishes, specifically plastering, pointing, and painting. It begins by defining plastering as a process of obtaining a smooth surface on rough walls, roofs, columns, and ceilings. It then discusses the different types of mortars used for plastering, including lime, cement, and lime cement mortars. The document also covers methods of plastering such as multi-coat plastering and describes common plaster finishes. It concludes by discussing pointing in masonry construction and various pointing techniques.
Formwork refers to the temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it is cured. There are different types of formwork including wood and steel. Wood formwork uses props, planks, battens and sheeting while steel uses sheets, angles and tees. Formwork must be strong, waterproof, and allow concrete to harden to the required strength before removal. The timing of removal depends on concrete mix design and weather conditions. Formwork is an important part of concrete construction and can account for 20-60% of the total concrete cost.
This document provides an overview of different types of concrete and concrete walls presented by Kamrul Hassan. It discusses 15 types of concrete materials including modern concrete, high-strength concrete, stamped concrete, and glass concrete. It also describes 7 types of concrete walls including precast walls, poured walls, block walls, stucco walls, stamped walls, colored walls, and retaining walls. The advantages and uses of each wall type are summarized. The document concludes with descriptions of different types of masonry concrete blocks and alternative materials to concrete including honeycomb clay blocks, hemp blocks, and insulated concrete form blocks.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to contain freshly poured concrete and shape it to the required dimensions. Proper formwork design and construction is critical to ensure concrete quality and structural performance. Common causes of formwork failure include improper stripping, inadequate bracing, excessive vibration, unstable supports, and poor concrete placement control. To prevent failures, formwork should be carefully inspected for defects, properly braced and supported, and able to withstand anticipated loads without excessive deformation. Worker safety must also be a top priority during all formwork operations.
The document describes the construction process for columns, slabs, and beams in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the materials used and the typical steps involved, which include:
1) Layout and formwork installation
2) Placement of reinforcing steel based on structural designs
3) Pouring and finishing of concrete
4) Curing of concrete to gain full strength over 28 days
The columns transfer loads vertically through reinforced concrete that is mixed on site or delivered by ready-mix trucks. Slabs and beams are constructed through similar processes of steel reinforcement, formwork, concrete placement and curing.
Steel is a versatile material that is commonly used for large scale construction projects due to its strength, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Steel trusses are a type of structure frequently employed in buildings to provide support for roofs, floors, and other loads. They consist of compression and tension elements arranged in a triangulated pattern, allowing them to efficiently span long distances with minimal material. Common types of steel truss designs include Pratt, Warren, and Fink configurations. Truss members are often made of angles, channels, tubes, or other standard steel sections joined together with bolted or welded connections.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain poured concrete until it cures and can support itself. It needs to be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and withstand pouring and compaction loads. New materials like steel and plastics are now used for formwork in addition to wood. Slipforming allows for continuous vertical pouring of concrete structures like building cores without relying on external support, by using a formwork that rises slowly on its own as concrete is added.
Formwork is used to pour concrete into molds to form structures. It can be made from steel, wood, aluminum, or prefabricated forms. Good formwork is easy to remove, economical, leak-proof, rigid, durable, and provides smooth concrete surfaces. Formwork design considers categories like conventional, modern panel systems, and prefabricated modular systems. Steel, plywood, plastic, and aluminum are common materials. Proper bracing and erection sequences are needed to construct columns, beams, walls, stairs, and avoid failures during pouring.
Formwork Presentation for Construction TechnologyI'mMiss Lily
1. Formwork refers to the temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it is cured and can support itself. Common materials used include wood, steel, aluminum, plastic and plywood.
2. A good formwork must be water tight, strong, and reusable while also considering factors like quality, safety, and economy. It must be able to withstand loads, retain its shape, and be removed without damaging the concrete.
3. Different types of formworks are used for columns, beams, slabs, and other structural elements. Column formwork typically consists of side and end planks joined by yokes and bolts. Beam formworks use thick timber or plywood and are supported by props.
This document defines formwork and its requirements, categories, types of materials used, and construction process. Formwork is a temporary mold into which concrete is poured and shaped. It must be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and loads. There are traditional, engineered, and modern modular types. Common materials are timber, steel, plastic, and aluminum. Proper construction and removal of formwork is important for quality, safety, and economy of concrete structures.
The document discusses steel formwork used for constructing concrete structures. Steel formwork consists of panels made from steel plates reinforced with steel angles. It has advantages over wooden formwork like strength, durability, and producing a smooth concrete surface. The time required to remove formwork depends on factors like cement type and weather conditions. Steel formwork requires maintenance like leveling plates but can be reused numerous times on projects.
Formwork is used to support wet concrete until it cures and can support itself. It must be strong yet allow concrete to be placed accurately to shape. Common materials include timber, plywood, steel, aluminum and plastics. Proper formwork design considers strength, containment, leakage prevention, finish quality, and economics. Specialized formwork like climbing, sliding, and tunnel forms improve efficiency for structures like walls, columns, and buildings. Proper formwork selection and construction is essential for quality, safety, and cost-effectiveness in concrete projects.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to hold wet concrete in desired shape until it hardens. It is classified based on size, material, and operation. Requirements include strength, water resistance, smooth surfaces. Common formwork includes foundations, walls, columns, slabs, beams, stairs using timber, steel, aluminum, plastic. Removal timing depends on concrete type. Cost is 30-60% of concrete cost. Advanced systems like REVOLA and LOGICA use steel/plywood/polymer facing for crane-lifted walls and columns, withstanding high pressures.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain and shape wet concrete until it hardens. It is commonly made from timber or steel. Formwork must balance requirements like containment, strength, resistance to leakage, accuracy, ease of handling, finish, access for concrete, and economy. It must safely support the weight of wet concrete and other loads until the concrete sets. Formwork design considers quality, safety, and minimizing costs through reuse. Forms are designed according to intended structural elements like walls, columns, beams, slabs, stairs, and more.
This document provides an overview of formwork and its types. Formwork is a temporary mold used to hold fresh concrete in shape until it hardens. It can be made from materials like steel, timber, plywood, aluminum, and plastic. There are different categories of formwork including conventional formwork built on-site, modern prefabricated forms for speed and efficiency, and engineered forms with a metal frame and covering. Common types include steel, timber, plywood, and aluminum forms. Formwork must be strong, rigid, prevent concrete leakage, and allow removal without damage to the concrete. It is an important but costly part of concrete construction.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it cures and can support itself. It is usually constructed from wood or steel. Formwork must be strong yet easy to assemble and disassemble. It must safely support the weight of wet concrete without leaking or allowing deflection. Formwork is designed according to factors like the concrete mix design, structural member shape, loading conditions, and required surface finish. Formwork is an important but costly part of concrete construction.
This document provides information on formworks, scaffolding, shoring, underpinning, and prefabricated construction components. It discusses the introduction, characteristics, classification, and types of formworks based on materials of construction such as timber, metal, and plastic. It also describes scaffolding and different types used in construction. For underpinning, it explains the conditions that require underpinning and various methods used. Finally, it summarizes prefabricated construction including advantages, classification based on materials and systems, types, and connections used.
formwork centering and scaffolding by khalid shaikh khalid
This document discusses different types of scaffolding and formwork used in construction. It outlines four major types of scaffolding - brick-layer scaffolding, mason's scaffolding, needle scaffolding, and steel scaffolding. It also discusses different materials used for formwork like timber, plywood, steel, and aluminum and their advantages. Centering is defined as the part of formwork that supports horizontal surfaces like beam bottoms and slabs.
Formwork(Shuttering), Importance, Qualities of Formwork,types,Major objectives considered in formwork, Requirements of formwork,Formwork for Wall,Formwork for Column,Formwork for Slabs & beams ,Lintel or Beam Formwork, FORMWORK FOR SLAB,FORMWORK FOR STAIRS,FORMWORK FOR SPIRAL STAIRS,FORMWORK FOR CHIMNEYS,Removal of formwork,Time of Removal of formwork,Comparison between Steel and Timber Formwork,Cantilever slab,Maintenance of formwork,Cost of formwork,Advantages of steel form work,LOADS ON FORMWORK
Formwork is used as a temporary mold for pouring concrete that will harden into the desired structural shape. There are various types of formwork classified by material (timber, plywood, steel, aluminum, plastic, magnesium) or purpose (slab formwork, beam formwork, column formwork). Proper formwork design is important to withstand loads, retain shape, prevent leakage, and allow removal without damage to concrete. The order and method of removing formwork is also important for safety.
Shuttering, also known as formwork, is the temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it cures. There are two main types: conventional shuttering made of timber or plywood on-site, and modern modular systems. Materials used include timber, plywood, steel, aluminum, plastic, and glass reinforced plastic. Shuttering must be strong, water tight, and allow concrete to harden into the desired shape. Proper maintenance is required to ensure shutterings can be reused over multiple pours.
This presentation discusses formwork construction techniques. Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain and shape wet concrete until it hardens. It must be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and other loads. Common materials for formwork include timber and steel. Proper formwork design considers containment, strength, leakage resistance, accuracy, ease of handling, finish, access for concrete, and economy. Formwork is used for walls, columns, slabs, beams, stairs, chimneys, and other structural elements. Factors that influence when formwork can be removed include cement type, concrete mix ratio, and weather conditions. Maintenance and costs of formwork are also discussed.
This document discusses formwork, which is a mould used to contain and shape concrete until it hardens. Formwork is commonly made from timber or steel. It must be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and other loads without excessive deflection. Proper formwork design considers containment, strength, water tightness, accuracy, ease of handling, finish quality, and cost. The document describes formwork requirements and objectives, as well as details for common structural elements like walls, columns, beams, slabs, stairs, and removal procedures.
This presentation provides an overview of formwork, which is the mould used to support wet concrete until it cures. It discusses the requirements of good formwork including strength, rigidity, tight joints, and ease of removal. The economics of formwork are also covered, noting it can account for 30-100% of concrete costs depending on the project. The main types of formwork are then described - timber, steel, plywood, aluminum and plastic. Advantages and disadvantages of each type are listed. Construction details like propping, centering and stripping times are also summarized.
This is Stage one of my Future Deep Strike Aircraft project to develop a replacement for the FB-111 / F-111F / F-15E and B-1B. This stage covers requirements and threats. Stage 2 will cover Design Studies, and the CCA Wingman.
Menus are ubiquitous in websites and applications of all types. They are critical to accessing the information and actions that users need, yet they can be very frustrating to use. In our UX consulting practice, many clients have come to us for help solving problems with menus, such as scaling to handle long lists of options, and overcoming usability issues with hover and flyout menus. In this presentation we’ll review what we have learned about best practices for designing mega menus, context menus, hamburger menus, full page menus and other types, and share case studies of menu redesigns we have worked on for enterprise applications, mobile apps, and information-rich websites.
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Form-work in construction
1. FORMWORK
BUILDING MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION
FACULTY:-
(1) AR. VIREN MAHIDA
(2) AR. NIRAV KHANDWALA
BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
2. • Formwork in construction is the use of support
structures and moulds to create structures out of
concrete which is poured into the moulds. Formwork
can be made using moulds out of steel, wood,
aluminium and/or prefabricated forms.
• Formwork is an ancillary construction, used as a mould
for a structure. Into this mould, fresh concrete is placed
only to harden subsequently.
• The construction of formwork takes time and involves
expenditure up to 20 to 25% of the cost of the structure
or even more.
• The operation of removing the formwork is known as
stripping. Stripped formwork can be reused. Reusable
forms are known as panel forms and non-usable are
called stationary forms.
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A good formwork should satisfy the following
requirements:
• (1) Easy removal
• (2) Economy
• (3) less leakage
• (4) Quality
(5) Rigidity
(6) Smooth surface
(7) Strength
(8) Supports
(1) Easy removal :Construction of formwork should permit removal of various parts in
desired sequences without damage to the concrete.
(2) Economy :Material of the formwork should be cheap, easily available and should be
suitable for reuse
(3) less leakage :The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage
of cement grout.
(4) Quality: Material of the formwork should not wrapper get distorted when exposed to
the elements
4. A good formwork should satisfy the following
requirements:
• (5) Rigidity :Rigidly constructed and efficiently propped and braced both
horizontally and vertically, so as to retain its shape
• sequences without damage to the concrete
• (6) Smooth surface : The formwork should be set accurately to the desired line
and levels should have plane surface.
• (7) Strength : Strong enough to withstand all types of dead and live loads
• (8) Supports : As light as possible and Should rest on firm base.
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5. Categories of formwork
• Conventional:
The formwork is built on site out
of timber and plywood or moisture-
resistant particleboard. It is easy to produce but
time-consuming for larger structures, and the
plywood facing has a relatively short lifespan. It
is still used extensively where the labour costs
are lower than the costs for procuring reusable
formwork. It is also the most flexible type of
formwork, so even where other systems are in
use, complicated sections may use it.
• Modern-Day Formworks: This formwork systems are mostly modular, which are
designed for speed and efficiency. They are designed to provide increased
accuracy and minimize waste in construction and most have enhanced health and
safety features built-in. The main types of formwork systems in use now are:
1. Table form/flying form
2. System column formwork
3. Horizontal panel
4. Slip form
5. Tunnel form
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6. Categories of formwork
Engineered/Pre-fabricated Formworks:
• This formwork is built out of prefabricated modules with a metal frame (usually
steel or aluminium) and covered on the application (concrete) side with material
having the wanted surface structure (steel, aluminium, timber, etc.). The two
major advantages of formwork systems, compared to traditional timber
formwork, are speed of construction and lower life-cycle costs (barring major
force, the frame is almost indestructible, while the covering if made of wood;
may have to be replaced after a few – or a few dozen – uses, but if the covering
is made with steel or aluminium the form can achieve up to two thousand uses
depending on care and the applications).
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7. Material used in formwork
(1) Steel formwork
(2)Plywood formwork
(3)Plastic formwork
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)Aluminum formwork
(4)
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8. (1)Steel formwork
•This consist of panels fabricated out of thin
steel plates stiffened along the edges by small
steel angles.
•The panel units can be held together through
the use of suitable clamps or bolts and nuts.
•The panels can be fabricated in large number
in any desired modular shape or size.
•Steel forms are largely used in large projects
or in situation where large number reuses of
the shuttering is possible.
•This type of shuttering is considered most
suitable for circular or curved structures.
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9. Steel formwork
• It can be used for a no. of times.
• It is non absorbent.
• Smooth finish surface obtained.
• No shrinkage of formwork occurs.
• Easy to use.
• Its volume is less
• Its strength is more.
• Limited size or shape
• Excessive loss of heat
• A very smooth surface will be
produced which would give
problems for finishing process
• Limited fixing
Advantages Disadvantages
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(2)plywood formwork
Sheeting for slabs, beam, column side and
beam bottom
25 mm to 40mm thick
Joints, ledges
50 x 70 mm to 50 x 150
mm
Posts
75 x 100mm to 100 x 100
mm
Timber for formwork should satisfy the following
requirement:
It should be
•well seasoned
•light in weight
•easily workable with nails without splitting
•free from loose knots
Timber used for shuttering for exposed concrete work should
have smooth and even surface on all faces which come in
contact with concrete.
Removal time
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(3)Plastic formwork
- Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) and
vacuum formed plastics are used
when complicated concrete shapes
are required (e.g. waffle floors).
- Although vacuum formed plastics
will always need support, GRP can
be fabricated with integral bearers
making it self supporting.
- Like steel, plastic formwork can be
re-used many times, as long as care
is taken not to scour the surface
whilst vibrating the concrete.
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(4)Aluminum formwork
• Often used in pre-fabricated formwork,
that is put together on site.
• Aluminium is strong and light, and
consequently fewer supports and ties are
required.
• The lighter sections will deflect more, but
this can be avoided by simply following the
manufacturers recommendations.
• Advantage
1. It can be used repeatedly with low average
use-cost.
2. Construction is Convenient and Effective.
3. Saving on Construction Time.
4. Wide Application.
5. No construction Garbage on Site.
6. Flexibility.
7. Good stability, high bearing capacity.
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13. FORMWORK FOR WALL
It consists of
• Timber sheeting
• Vertical posts
• Horizontal members
• Rackers
• Stakes
• Wedges
After completing one side of formwork
reinforcement is provided at the place then the
second side formwork is provided.
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14. FORMWORK FOR COLUMN
• It consists of the following
– Side & End Planks
– Yoke
– Nut & Bolts
• Two end & two side planks are joined
by the yokes and bolts.
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15. Erection sequence for a column
Prior to positioning column formwork check that steel for the colum
n has been inspected and cleared for casting.
- Position formwork for the column from predetermined grids.
- Plumb formwork both ways and securely support using adjustab
le steel props.
- The propping angle should be 45° to the floor.
- Ensure the steel props are safely secured to the column formwo
rk and the
floor, and that adjustment for pushing and pulling is operational.
- Set out the positions of column clamps from a storey rod.
- Transfer the column clamp positions from the storey rod on to
- column formwork.
- Use nails to support the arms of column clamps while wedging.
- Position and wedge the bottom, middle and top clamps sets.
- Check the formwork at the top for square.
- Position and wedge the remainder of the column clamps.
- Using a plumb bob suspended from a gauge block plumb the
column.
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16. Circular and octagonal column
Circular column formwork
• Fabricated steel, usually two piece, and of
ten with a hinge.
• Fibre cement pipes which are left in place
as permanent formwork.
• Timber sheathing tied with standard colu
mn clamps. Corners need to have infill pie
ces. Alternatively, metal strap can be use
d without the need for corner infills.
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17. Erection sequence for a column
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18. Column bracing formwork
•Column formwork bracing performs two functions:
•It must maintain the accuracy of the column form position and plumb so that it is
within tolerance.
•Withstand results of forces acting on either the column formwork or the bracing. Th
e forces may be wind or impact. These impact forces can occur from the collision of
concrete buckets or cranes hoisting materials
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19. Erection sequence for a column
• Beam soffit must be thickened timber or strengthe
ned plywood.
• Beam sides 18mm plywood or 25mm boards, with
studs (cleats) at 500 to 600mm centres.
• Deep beams (over 600mm) should have walkers an
d ties.
• Use angle fillets in the beam side to soffit joint wh
ere possible.
• Allowance must be made for height adjustment of
the props or false work.
Erection sequence for constructing beam formwork
includes
• Position of sole plates;
•Marking out and setting heights for false works;
•Assemble and position props, adjustable head jacks,
false works , bearers and Spreaders;
•Construct and erect side walls and beam soffit.
• Position of sole plates
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20. Form work for stairs
•Points to consider when designing stair form work:
Stair formwork must support the weight of concrete
the weight of the throat of the stair and the steps
will have to be supported.
Because of the slope of the stair, some of the force i
s transmitted sideways. All formwork must be well
tied together to prevent sideway movement.
Consider the finish of the stair treads and type of no
sing. Space may have to be left for purpose made n
osing.
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Time of Removal of formwork
• Time of formwork removal depends on the following factors
1. Type of Cement :Rapid hardening cements require lesser time as compared to OPC
(Ordinary Portland Cement)
2. Ratio of concrete mix :Rich ratio concrete gain strength earlier as compared to weak ratio
concrete.
3. Weather condition :Hydration process accelerates in hot weather conditions as compared to
cold and humid weather conditions.
Sr.
No Structural Member
OPC
(Ordinary Portland Cement)
Rapid Hardening
Cement
1 Beam sides, walls & Columns 2-3 Days 2 Days
2 Slab (Vertical Supports remains intact) 4 Days 3 Days
3 Slab (Complete Formwork removal) 10 Days 5 Days
4 Beams (Removal of Sheeting, Props
remains intact)
8 Days 5 Days
5 Beams & Arches (Complete formwork
removal) (up to 6 m span)
14 Days 5-8 Days
6 Beams & Arches (Complete formwork
removal) (more than 6 m span)
21 Days 8-10 Days
23. Formwork failures are the cause of many accidents and
failures that occur during concrete construction which
usually happen when fresh concrete is placed
Generally some unexpected event causes one member
to fail, then others become overloaded or misaligned and
the entire formwork structure collapses
Improper stripping and shore removal
Inadequate bracing
Vibration
Unstable soil under mudsills, shoring not plumb
Inadequate control of concrete placement
Lack of attention to formwork details
Inadequate cross bracing and horizontal bracing of
shores
Forms sometime collapse when their shores/ jack are
displaced by the vibration caused by:
passing traffic
movement of workers & equipment on the formwork
the effect of vibrating concrete to consolidate it
FAILURE OF FORMWORKINTRODUCTION
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