This document discusses bolted connections used in structural engineering. It begins by explaining why connection failures should be avoided, as they can lead to catastrophic structural failures. It then classifies bolted connections based on their method of fastening, rigidity, joint resistance, fabrication location, joint location, connection geometry, and type of force transferred. It describes different types of bolts and bolt tightening techniques used for friction grip connections. It discusses advantages and drawbacks of bolted connections compared to riveted or welded connections. The document provides detailed information on design and behavior of various bolted connections.
Connections are critical components that join structural elements to transfer forces safely. Steel connections influence construction costs and failures often originate from connections. Common steel connections include bolted, welded, and riveted joints. Bolted connections can be bearing type or friction grip bolts. Welded joints include fillet and butt welds. Connections must be designed for the expected loads, with shear connections allowing rotation and moment connections resisting it. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and economy.
Steel connections are used to join steel members like beams and columns. There are different types of connections classified by connecting medium like bolted, welded, and riveted. Bolted connections are common and cost-effective. Welded connections provide rigidity but require careful welding and inspection. Common connections include single and double plate angle connections for beams to columns, and seated and top-and-bottom angle connections for moments. Proper connections allow complex steel structures to be designed and fabricated.
The document discusses different types of connections used in steel structures. It describes connections as structural elements that join members like beams and columns. The main types of connections discussed are riveted, bolted, and welded connections. Riveted connections use round steel bars called rivets with heads on both ends. Bolted connections fasten members together using bolts that can be loaded in tension, shear, or both. Welded connections primarily join members using welds, with groove welds being the most reliable. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of each type of connection and notes that connections allow the different steel members to function as a single composite unit.
Connections are critical structural elements that join members in steel structures. Common connection types include bolted, welded, and bolted-welded combinations. Connections are classified based on the connecting medium, type of forces transmitted, and elements joined. Riveted connections were previously common but have been replaced by bolted connections which are faster and cheaper to install. Welded connections provide rigidity but require careful design to avoid cracking. Modern connections often combine bolting and welding for strength and economy. Shear and moment connections behave differently in transmitting forces between members like beams and columns. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and safety.
This document discusses types of bolt connections based on arrangement of bolts and plates, mode of load transmission, and nature and location of load. There are two main types of joints subjected to axial loads: lap joints and butt joints. Butt joints are preferable to lap joints because the load is split between members, eliminating eccentricity and bending. Bolt connections can fail due to shear, bearing, or tension failures of bolts or plates. The design strength of bolts is governed by their strength in shear, bearing, or tension with safety factors applied.
This document discusses riveted connections in steel structures. It describes the different types of rivets, including their shape and method of installation. Some key types are snap headed rivets, pan headed rivets, and flat counter sunk rivets. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of riveted connections. Advantages include ease of installation without electricity, while disadvantages include noise and required skilled labor. The document further explains different riveted joint configurations, including lap joints and butt joints, providing examples of single and double riveted versions of each. Finally, it briefly outlines potential failure modes of riveted connections, such as shear failure of rivets or plates, and bearing failure of plates or
This presentation is on design of welded and riveted connections in steel structures. in this presentation we learn briefly about these connections and design terminology about these connections.
This document discusses bolted connections used in structural engineering. It begins by explaining why connection failures should be avoided, as they can lead to catastrophic structural failures. It then classifies bolted connections based on their method of fastening, rigidity, joint resistance, fabrication location, joint location, connection geometry, and type of force transferred. It describes different types of bolts and bolt tightening techniques used for friction grip connections. It discusses advantages and drawbacks of bolted connections compared to riveted or welded connections. The document provides detailed information on design and behavior of various bolted connections.
Connections are critical components that join structural elements to transfer forces safely. Steel connections influence construction costs and failures often originate from connections. Common steel connections include bolted, welded, and riveted joints. Bolted connections can be bearing type or friction grip bolts. Welded joints include fillet and butt welds. Connections must be designed for the expected loads, with shear connections allowing rotation and moment connections resisting it. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and economy.
Steel connections are used to join steel members like beams and columns. There are different types of connections classified by connecting medium like bolted, welded, and riveted. Bolted connections are common and cost-effective. Welded connections provide rigidity but require careful welding and inspection. Common connections include single and double plate angle connections for beams to columns, and seated and top-and-bottom angle connections for moments. Proper connections allow complex steel structures to be designed and fabricated.
The document discusses different types of connections used in steel structures. It describes connections as structural elements that join members like beams and columns. The main types of connections discussed are riveted, bolted, and welded connections. Riveted connections use round steel bars called rivets with heads on both ends. Bolted connections fasten members together using bolts that can be loaded in tension, shear, or both. Welded connections primarily join members using welds, with groove welds being the most reliable. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of each type of connection and notes that connections allow the different steel members to function as a single composite unit.
Connections are critical structural elements that join members in steel structures. Common connection types include bolted, welded, and bolted-welded combinations. Connections are classified based on the connecting medium, type of forces transmitted, and elements joined. Riveted connections were previously common but have been replaced by bolted connections which are faster and cheaper to install. Welded connections provide rigidity but require careful design to avoid cracking. Modern connections often combine bolting and welding for strength and economy. Shear and moment connections behave differently in transmitting forces between members like beams and columns. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and safety.
This document discusses types of bolt connections based on arrangement of bolts and plates, mode of load transmission, and nature and location of load. There are two main types of joints subjected to axial loads: lap joints and butt joints. Butt joints are preferable to lap joints because the load is split between members, eliminating eccentricity and bending. Bolt connections can fail due to shear, bearing, or tension failures of bolts or plates. The design strength of bolts is governed by their strength in shear, bearing, or tension with safety factors applied.
This document discusses riveted connections in steel structures. It describes the different types of rivets, including their shape and method of installation. Some key types are snap headed rivets, pan headed rivets, and flat counter sunk rivets. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of riveted connections. Advantages include ease of installation without electricity, while disadvantages include noise and required skilled labor. The document further explains different riveted joint configurations, including lap joints and butt joints, providing examples of single and double riveted versions of each. Finally, it briefly outlines potential failure modes of riveted connections, such as shear failure of rivets or plates, and bearing failure of plates or
This presentation is on design of welded and riveted connections in steel structures. in this presentation we learn briefly about these connections and design terminology about these connections.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
This document discusses different techniques for connecting steel structures, including riveted, bolted, and welded connections. Riveted connections were commonly used in the past but have become less popular. Bolted connections are now more common as they are easier to install and do not require skilled labor. Welded connections provide a strong bond but require more precision. The document explores the advantages and disadvantages of each connection type and describes processes like electric arc welding and oxy-acetylene welding.
The document discusses bolted connections, describing different types of bolts according to material, strength, shear type, fit, pitch, and head shape. It outlines advantages like strength, speed of installation, and easy removal compared to rivets. Disadvantages include reduced strength in axial tension and from loosening under vibration. Types of bolted joints include lap, butt, shop, and field joints. Analysis and design of bolted connections is similar to rivets, accounting for bolt strength based on nominal diameter. Design of bolted shear connections uses laws of friction to calculate load capacity based on number of interfaces and clamping force. An example problem is given to design a doubly bolted lap joint.
1) Connections are an important part of steel structures as they allow different structural elements to act together as a single unit by transferring forces between members. Common types of connections include riveted, bolted, welded, and pinned connections.
2) Bolted connections use bolts with heads and threaded ends to connect structural elements. Steel washers are often included to distribute clamping pressure and prevent bearing on connected pieces.
3) Design of bolted connections considers factors like bolt grade, type of joint, edge and end distances, pitch, and capacity in shear, tension, and bearing to ensure the connection can safely transfer loads between members. Failure can occur in bolts or connected elements due to various limit
The document discusses bolted connections and provides specifications for bolt hole sizes, pitch, and spacing in bolted connections according to IS 800-2007. It covers various types of bolted joints including lap joints, butt joints, and their modes of failure. High strength friction grip bolts are described which provide rigid connections through clamping action and prevent slippage. The advantages of HSFG bolts include their ability to transmit load through friction eliminating stress concentrations in holes, while their drawbacks include higher cost and fabrication efforts compared to normal bolts.
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
This presentation summarizes different types of bolted connections. It discusses bearing bolts, which can be unfinished or finished. Unfinished bolts have rough shanks while finished bolts have circular shanks from turning. It also defines terminology used in bolted connections like pitch, gauge distance, and edge distance. Finally, it discusses grade classifications for bolts based on their strength and specifies requirements for bolted connections according to Indian codes and standards, distinguishing between lap joints and butt joints.
This document discusses riveted connections and their design. It covers the different types of riveted joints like lap joints and butt joints. It provides specifications for riveted connections like the gross diameter of rivets, gauge, pitch and edge distance. It also discusses the types of failures in riveted connections and how to calculate the strength of riveted joints based on the strength of rivets in shear and bearing and the strength of plates in tension. The efficiency of riveted joints is defined. Examples of calculating rivet values are also provided.
Connections are structural elements used to join members in a steel framework. Common types include bolted connections, welded connections, and bolted-welded combinations. Bolted connections use bolts loaded in tension, shear, or a combination, while welded connections fasten members primarily through welding. Various connection configurations are used for beams to beams, beams to columns, column splices, and attaching columns to foundation plates with anchor bolts. Proper connection design considers the forces and structural role of the connecting members.
Welded connections in steel structures - Limit State Design of Steel StructuresAshishVivekSukh
Two members are connected by means of welds is known as welded connection.
More efficient use of the materials.
Earlier designers considered welds as less fatigue resistant.
Good welds achive at site is impossible.
Testing and quality control of welds became easier because NDT
Building Construction 8. formworks and scaffoldingsHamdija Velagic
This document provides information about formwork, scaffolding, shoring, and underpinning. It defines each construction technique and describes the typical components and uses. Formwork supports wet concrete until it cures and is used for foundations, walls, columns, slabs, beams, and stairs. Scaffolding provides temporary work platforms at different heights using standards, ledgers, and boards. Shoring supports unsafe structures using horizontal, vertical, or inclined bracing. Underpinning strengthens foundations by installing supports beneath them.
Connections are devices used to join structural elements together to safely transfer forces between them. There are different types of connections classified by their means of connection, such as welded, riveted, and bolted, and by the forces transferred, such as truss connections, fully restrained connections, and partially restrained connections. Fully restrained connections provide continuity between structural members and allow over 90% of moment to be transferred to provide greater flexural resistance. Partially restrained connections have less rigidity than fully restrained connections and allow some percentage of moment and full shear to be transferred. Semi-rigid connections provide rigidity between fully restrained and simple connections and transfer approximately 20-90% of moment.
Design of column base plates anchor boltKhaled Eid
This document discusses the design of column base plates and steel anchorage to concrete. It covers base plate materials and design for different load cases including axial, moment, and shear loads. It also discusses anchor rod types, materials, and design for tension and shear loading based on calculations of the steel and concrete breakout strengths according to building codes.
This document provides an overview of the design of compression members (columns) in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses various types of columns based on reinforcement, loading conditions, and slenderness ratio. It describes the classification of columns as short or slender. The document also covers effective length, braced vs unbraced columns, codal provisions for reinforcement, and functions of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Key points include types of column reinforcement, minimum reinforcement requirements, cover requirements, and assumptions for the limit state of collapse under compression.
The document discusses the design of steel structures according to BS 5950. It provides definitions for key terms related to steel structural elements and their design. These include beams, columns, connections, buckling resistance, capacity, and more. It then discusses the design process and different types of structural forms like tension members, compression members, beams, trusses, and frames. The properties of structural steel and stress-strain behavior are also covered. Methods for designing tension members, including consideration of cross-sectional area and end connections, are outlined.
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
This document discusses three common types of supports in structures: roller supports, fixed supports, and pinned supports. Roller supports can resist vertical forces but not horizontal forces. Fixed supports are the most rigid and constrain movement in all directions. Pinned supports allow rotation but not translation, similar to a hinge. Each type has different applications and limitations depending on the structural needs.
Presentation 4 - Bolted and Welded Connections.pptxnarayanch1979
This document discusses different types of connections used in steel structures. It describes the main components of connections and provides classifications. Connections are classified based on connecting medium (riveted, bolted, welded), type of internal forces (shear, moment), type of structural elements (single plate angle, double web angle), and type of members joining (beam to beam, column to column, beam to column). The key types of bolted, welded and bolted-welded connections are defined along with their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
This presentation discusses steel truss structures, specifically king post trusses. It describes the components of a king post truss, including the principle rafter, strut, tie beam, gusset plate, purlins, and king post. It explains that trusses resist loading through axial forces in their members and that joints are typically hinged. The presentation also covers steel connections like riveted, bolted, and welded connections, as well as pinned joints, laced columns, batten columns, and column bases.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
This document discusses different techniques for connecting steel structures, including riveted, bolted, and welded connections. Riveted connections were commonly used in the past but have become less popular. Bolted connections are now more common as they are easier to install and do not require skilled labor. Welded connections provide a strong bond but require more precision. The document explores the advantages and disadvantages of each connection type and describes processes like electric arc welding and oxy-acetylene welding.
The document discusses bolted connections, describing different types of bolts according to material, strength, shear type, fit, pitch, and head shape. It outlines advantages like strength, speed of installation, and easy removal compared to rivets. Disadvantages include reduced strength in axial tension and from loosening under vibration. Types of bolted joints include lap, butt, shop, and field joints. Analysis and design of bolted connections is similar to rivets, accounting for bolt strength based on nominal diameter. Design of bolted shear connections uses laws of friction to calculate load capacity based on number of interfaces and clamping force. An example problem is given to design a doubly bolted lap joint.
1) Connections are an important part of steel structures as they allow different structural elements to act together as a single unit by transferring forces between members. Common types of connections include riveted, bolted, welded, and pinned connections.
2) Bolted connections use bolts with heads and threaded ends to connect structural elements. Steel washers are often included to distribute clamping pressure and prevent bearing on connected pieces.
3) Design of bolted connections considers factors like bolt grade, type of joint, edge and end distances, pitch, and capacity in shear, tension, and bearing to ensure the connection can safely transfer loads between members. Failure can occur in bolts or connected elements due to various limit
The document discusses bolted connections and provides specifications for bolt hole sizes, pitch, and spacing in bolted connections according to IS 800-2007. It covers various types of bolted joints including lap joints, butt joints, and their modes of failure. High strength friction grip bolts are described which provide rigid connections through clamping action and prevent slippage. The advantages of HSFG bolts include their ability to transmit load through friction eliminating stress concentrations in holes, while their drawbacks include higher cost and fabrication efforts compared to normal bolts.
Design of steel structure as per is 800(2007)ahsanrabbani
It does not offer resistance against rotation and also termed as a hinged or pinned connections.
It transfers only axial or shear forces and it is not designed for moment
It is generally connected by single bolt/rivet and therefore full rotation is allowed
This presentation summarizes different types of bolted connections. It discusses bearing bolts, which can be unfinished or finished. Unfinished bolts have rough shanks while finished bolts have circular shanks from turning. It also defines terminology used in bolted connections like pitch, gauge distance, and edge distance. Finally, it discusses grade classifications for bolts based on their strength and specifies requirements for bolted connections according to Indian codes and standards, distinguishing between lap joints and butt joints.
This document discusses riveted connections and their design. It covers the different types of riveted joints like lap joints and butt joints. It provides specifications for riveted connections like the gross diameter of rivets, gauge, pitch and edge distance. It also discusses the types of failures in riveted connections and how to calculate the strength of riveted joints based on the strength of rivets in shear and bearing and the strength of plates in tension. The efficiency of riveted joints is defined. Examples of calculating rivet values are also provided.
Connections are structural elements used to join members in a steel framework. Common types include bolted connections, welded connections, and bolted-welded combinations. Bolted connections use bolts loaded in tension, shear, or a combination, while welded connections fasten members primarily through welding. Various connection configurations are used for beams to beams, beams to columns, column splices, and attaching columns to foundation plates with anchor bolts. Proper connection design considers the forces and structural role of the connecting members.
Welded connections in steel structures - Limit State Design of Steel StructuresAshishVivekSukh
Two members are connected by means of welds is known as welded connection.
More efficient use of the materials.
Earlier designers considered welds as less fatigue resistant.
Good welds achive at site is impossible.
Testing and quality control of welds became easier because NDT
Building Construction 8. formworks and scaffoldingsHamdija Velagic
This document provides information about formwork, scaffolding, shoring, and underpinning. It defines each construction technique and describes the typical components and uses. Formwork supports wet concrete until it cures and is used for foundations, walls, columns, slabs, beams, and stairs. Scaffolding provides temporary work platforms at different heights using standards, ledgers, and boards. Shoring supports unsafe structures using horizontal, vertical, or inclined bracing. Underpinning strengthens foundations by installing supports beneath them.
Connections are devices used to join structural elements together to safely transfer forces between them. There are different types of connections classified by their means of connection, such as welded, riveted, and bolted, and by the forces transferred, such as truss connections, fully restrained connections, and partially restrained connections. Fully restrained connections provide continuity between structural members and allow over 90% of moment to be transferred to provide greater flexural resistance. Partially restrained connections have less rigidity than fully restrained connections and allow some percentage of moment and full shear to be transferred. Semi-rigid connections provide rigidity between fully restrained and simple connections and transfer approximately 20-90% of moment.
Design of column base plates anchor boltKhaled Eid
This document discusses the design of column base plates and steel anchorage to concrete. It covers base plate materials and design for different load cases including axial, moment, and shear loads. It also discusses anchor rod types, materials, and design for tension and shear loading based on calculations of the steel and concrete breakout strengths according to building codes.
This document provides an overview of the design of compression members (columns) in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses various types of columns based on reinforcement, loading conditions, and slenderness ratio. It describes the classification of columns as short or slender. The document also covers effective length, braced vs unbraced columns, codal provisions for reinforcement, and functions of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Key points include types of column reinforcement, minimum reinforcement requirements, cover requirements, and assumptions for the limit state of collapse under compression.
The document discusses the design of steel structures according to BS 5950. It provides definitions for key terms related to steel structural elements and their design. These include beams, columns, connections, buckling resistance, capacity, and more. It then discusses the design process and different types of structural forms like tension members, compression members, beams, trusses, and frames. The properties of structural steel and stress-strain behavior are also covered. Methods for designing tension members, including consideration of cross-sectional area and end connections, are outlined.
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
This document discusses three common types of supports in structures: roller supports, fixed supports, and pinned supports. Roller supports can resist vertical forces but not horizontal forces. Fixed supports are the most rigid and constrain movement in all directions. Pinned supports allow rotation but not translation, similar to a hinge. Each type has different applications and limitations depending on the structural needs.
Presentation 4 - Bolted and Welded Connections.pptxnarayanch1979
This document discusses different types of connections used in steel structures. It describes the main components of connections and provides classifications. Connections are classified based on connecting medium (riveted, bolted, welded), type of internal forces (shear, moment), type of structural elements (single plate angle, double web angle), and type of members joining (beam to beam, column to column, beam to column). The key types of bolted, welded and bolted-welded connections are defined along with their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
This presentation discusses steel truss structures, specifically king post trusses. It describes the components of a king post truss, including the principle rafter, strut, tie beam, gusset plate, purlins, and king post. It explains that trusses resist loading through axial forces in their members and that joints are typically hinged. The presentation also covers steel connections like riveted, bolted, and welded connections, as well as pinned joints, laced columns, batten columns, and column bases.
Steel Structures - Building technology.pptxNikhil Raut
Steel structures are commonly used for high-rise buildings, long-span structures, industrial and warehouse buildings, and temporary structures due to steel's strength, light weight, speed of construction, and ability to create large spaces. Steel structures have advantages such as strength, flexibility, ductility, stability, earthquake resistance, and lighter weight compared to other materials. However, steel loses strength at high temperatures and is susceptible to corrosion. Common steel sections include angles, channels, I-beams, T-beams, round/square bars, and plates. Steel connections are made through bolting, riveting, and welding. Portal frames provide wide spans and are lightweight but require large members and cranes for erection.
Welding is a very commonly used permanent joining process.
A welding joint is a point or edge where two or more pieces of metal or plastic are joined together. They are formed by welding two or more workpieces (metal or plastic) according to a particular geometry. Five types of joints referred to by the American Welding Society: butt, corner, edge, lap, and tee. These configurations may have various configurations at the joint where actual welding can occur.
This document discusses different types of vices used in engineering and metalworking, including engineers vices, hand vices, and leg vices. It also covers pipe bending and factors that affect how easily pipe can be bent, such as bend radius, pipe diameter, wall thickness, and metal composition. Proper use of pipe benders and techniques like checking bend angles and allowing for springback are also outlined.
This presentation provides information on bolting and welding structural steel connections. It discusses the benefits of structural steel construction and the unique aspects of steel erection. The presentation covers the types of bolts used in structural steel, including ASTM specifications and sizes. It describes bolted joint types such as bearing and slip-critical joints. The presentation also explains bolting procedures and considerations for bolted connections in structural steel framing.
Threaded fasteners such as bolts and screws join components together through the transformation of rotational motion into linear motion. There are various thread standards that specify attributes like diameter, pitch, class of fit, and thread type. Early threaded fasteners lacked standardization but efforts in the 18th-19th centuries established conventions for sizes. Modern standards include metric and unified external and internal thread systems.
This document provides an overview of structural steel work. It defines common sections used in steel construction like beams, angles, channels, tees, and their applications. It also discusses bolts, rivets, and welding as connection methods. The advantages of steel structures are listed as lightness, strength, ease of fabrication and erection. Disadvantages include susceptibility to corrosion and deformation due to small member sizes. The document compares steel frames to reinforced concrete and provides details on standard steel shapes, bars, angles, channels, tubes and their specifications.
The document provides information about various structural elements including gusset plates, cleats, base plates, column splices, stanchions, high-strength friction grip bolts, trusses, and north light trusses. It defines each element and describes their common uses. Gusset plates connect beams and columns, cleats provide support or strength, and base plates distribute loads from columns. Stanchions are vertical supports used for crowd control. High-strength friction grip bolts provide rigid connections. Trusses transfer loads through tension and compression members, and different truss types cover various spans. North light trusses maximize natural lighting through north-facing glazing.
Threaded fasteners such as bolts and nuts are used to join machine parts. They allow parts to be dismantled without damage. Threaded joints provide clamping force through wedge action of threads. They are reliable, have small dimensions, and can be positioned vertically, horizontally, or inclined. However, they require holes which cause stress concentrations and can loosen under vibration. Bolts have heads and threaded shanks, while nuts have internal threads. Washers distribute load and prevent marring. Bolts are subjected to both tension and shear stresses, and standard nuts have a height of 0.8 times the bolt diameter to prevent shear failure. Eccentric loads on bolts cause additional stresses.
The document summarizes the rolling process. It defines rolling as plastically deforming metal by passing it between rolls. Rolling provides close dimensional control and high production. There are two main types: hot rolling and cold rolling. The document describes various rolling terminologies, mill products, defects, and different rolling processes like hot rolling, cold rolling, shaped rolling, and thread rolling. It also discusses factors like angle of contact, forces involved, and how to control flatness.
The document discusses the rolling process for metal forming. Rolling is defined as passing metal between rolls to plastically deform it. There are two main types: hot rolling, which is used for initial breakdown of ingots, and cold rolling, which provides closer dimensional tolerances and better surface finishes. Rolling can produce products like plate, sheet, strip, bars, and pipes. The rolling process involves passing metal through sets of rolls under high compressive forces.
This document discusses the different types of beams that can be used in construction. It describes beams based on their support conditions, construction materials, cross-sectional shapes, geometry, equilibrium conditions, and method of construction. The main types discussed are simply supported beams, fixed beams, continuous beams, cantilever beams, reinforced concrete beams, steel beams, I-beams, and prestressed concrete beams.
Formwork is used to pour concrete into molds to form structures. It can be made from steel, wood, aluminum, or prefabricated forms. Good formwork is easy to remove, economical, leak-proof, rigid, durable, and provides smooth concrete surfaces. Formwork design considers categories like conventional, modern panel systems, and prefabricated modular systems. Steel, plywood, plastic, and aluminum are common materials. Proper bracing and erection sequences are needed to construct columns, beams, walls, stairs, and avoid failures during pouring.
1 a. Threaded fasteners and powers screws introductionDr.R. SELVAM
Fasteners like bolts, nuts, and screws are essential components that hold vehicles together. Bolts transmit axial forces and are made of different materials with varying strengths depending on the application. Power screws can transmit rotational motion into linear motion or produce large axial forces, and are designed to reduce stresses from these forces. Proper selection and installation of fasteners is important for safety and performance.
This document discusses various types of metal fasteners, joining methods, and adhesives. It describes different bolts, screws, nuts, washers, pins, keys, and rivets. Methods of joining metal include spot welding, soldering, brazing, and adhesive bonding. Adhesives discussed include cyanoacrylates, epoxies, urethanes, and anaerobics. The document provides details on the characteristics and uses of these various fastening and joining methods for metal assemblies.
This document provides an overview of various metal forming processes including rolling, extrusion, drawing, forging, bending, punching, blanking, deep drawing, and stretch forming. It discusses the basic mechanisms, types, defects, and forces involved in each process. Key points covered include how rolling reduces thickness through plastic deformation between rolls, the differences between direct and indirect extrusion, how drawing reduces cross-sectional area by pulling metal through a die, and common defects that can occur in deep drawing like wrinkling, tearing, and earing.
This document discusses pipe welding techniques. It covers the different types of pipe welds and their uses. Proper preparation of the pipe is emphasized, including beveling and root gap. The root, hot, filler and cover passes are described. Advantages of different pipe positions like horizontal rolled, vertical fixed, and 45 degree inclined are provided. The importance of avoiding arc strikes outside the weld area is also highlighted.
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DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS IN STEEL STRUCTURE
1. DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS IN
STEEL STRUCTURE
B.E. CIVIL ENGINEERING
TITLE OF THE TOPIC
Prepared by: DEVANG ONDHIYA
-
2. Connection
• Connections are structural
elements used for joining different
members of a structural steel frame
work.
• Steel Structure is an assemblage of
different member such as
“BEAMS,COLUMNS” which are
connected to one other, usually at
member ends fasteners , so that it
shows a single composite unit.
5. Classification of connection
• On the Basis of Connecting Member.
• According to the type of internal forces.
• According to the type of structural Elements
• According to the type of members joining
6. On basis of connecting members
• Riveted Connections
• Bolted Connections
8. Riveted connection
• Used for very long time.
• Made up of:
Round Ductile steel bar called shank.
A head at one end
• The length of the rivet should sufficient to form the
second head.
• Design -very similar to bearing type of bolted
connection.
9. Installation
• Heating of the rivet
• Inserting it to an oversize hole pressure
to the head.
• Squeezing the plain End by Pneumatic
driver Round head.
• On Cooling Reduces in Length–
Clamping Force
10. Why riveting is no longer used?
• The introduction of high strength structural bolts.
• The labour costs associated with large riveting
crews
• The cost involved in careful inspection and removal
of poorly installed rivets.
• The high level of noise associated with driving
rivets.
11. Bolted connection
• Bolts may be loaded in:
Tension / shear or both tension
and shear
• Threads of bolts under shear force:
Excluded – Increased strength
Included-Decreased strength
12. Types of bolt
• Bearing type bolts
• High strength friction grip
bolts (HSFG)
13. 1. Black Bolts
• The most common type is
bearing bolts in clearance holes,
often referred to as Black Bolts.
• Ordinary, unfinished, rough, or
common bolts.
• Least Expensive
• Primarily - Light structures
under static load such as small
trusses, purlins etc
14. 2. Turned Bolts
• Similar to unfinished bolts.
• Shanks - Hexagonal Rods
• Primarily - Light structures under
static load such as small trusses,
purlins etc
• Expensive – Limited use –
Structures with no Slippage
Connections
15. 3. Ribbed Bolts
• Round head similar to Rivets.
• Raised ribs parallel to the shank.
• Actual Diameter - slightly Larger
than the hole
• Tightly fit into the hole.
• Popular - Economical in Material
& Installation
16. High strength friction grip (HSFG)
• Uses when bearing type bolts slips
under shear
• High strength bolts (8G or 10K
grade) Pre-tensioned against the
plates to be bolted together so that
contact pressure developed between
the plates being joined
• Prevents relative slip when extra
shear is applied
• Higher Shear Resistance
17. Advantages of bolted connection
• The bolting operation is very silent
• Bolting is a cold process hence there is no risk of fire
• Bolting operation is more quicker than riveting.
• Less man power is required in making the
connections
18. Disadvantages of bolted connection
• If subjected to vibratory loads, results in reduction
in strength get loosened.
• Unfinished bolts have lesser strength because of
non uniform diameter
19. Welded connection
• whose components are joined together primarily by
welds
• Types of weld
Groove ( More reliable than others)
Fillet (Mostly used, Weaker than groove and others)
Plug (expensive – poor transmission of tensile
forces)
Slot (expensive - poor transmission of tensile forces)
Plug and Slot welds – stitch different parts of
members together.
24. Advantages of welded connection
• Economical – Cost of materials and labors.
• Efficiency is 100% as compared to rivets (75- 90%)
• Fabrication of Complex Structures – Easy – like
Circular Steel pipes.
• Provides Rigid Joints – Modern Practice is of
Rigid Joints.
25. Disadvantages of welded connection
• No provision for expansion or contraction therefore
greater chances of cracking.
• Uneven heating and cooling - member may distort
may result in additional stresses.
• Inspection is difficult and more costlier than rivets
26. Bolted-welded connection
• Most connections are Shop
Welded and Field Bolted types.
• More Cost Effective
• Better Strength & Ductility
characteristics than Fully welded
27. According to the type of internal forces
Shear (semi rigid, simple) connections
• Allows the beam end
to rotate without a
significant restraint.
• Transfers shear out of
beam
28. Moment (rigid) connections
• Designed to resist both
Moment and Shear.
• Often referred - rigid or
fully restrained
connections
• Provide full continuity
between the connected
members
• Designed to carry the full
factored moments.
29. According to the type of structural elements
• Single plate angle Connections
• Double web angle connections
• Top and seated angle connections
• Seated beam connections
30. Single plate angle connections
Two Step Process
• A plate is welded to
secondary section (beam)
• An Angle is welded to
Primary Section (column or
Beam)
• Single shear plate welded to
secondary beam and bolted
to Primary beam or column
31. Double web angle connections
• Two angles welded or
shop bolted to the web
of a secondary beam.
• After erection the
angles are bolted or site
welded to the primary
member (beam or
column).
32. Top and seated angle connections
•Generally used in case of
moment connections.
•Two angles are provided at top
and bottom of the beam to
resist moment.
•Generally used for lesser
moments where heavy loads
are not acting
33. Seated beam connections
•Generally used in case
of shear connections.
•A seating angle - at
bottom of secondary
beam - shop welded to
the primary member.
•Seating angle resists
vertical shear coming
from the beam
34. According to the type of members joining
• Beam to beam connections
• Column to column connections (column splices)
• Beam to Column Connections
• Column Base Plate Connections
36. Column to column connections (column
splices)
•Connects column to column.
•Column splice comes under
this category.
•Used to connect column
sections of different sizes.
37. Beam to Column Connections
• Connects Beam to column.
• Very Common
• Beams are normally attached
using two or more bolts
through the web.
38. Column Base Plate Connections
• Steel plates placed at the bottom of Columns.
• Function : to transmit column loads to the
concrete pedestal.
39. • A layer of grout should be placed between the base
plate and its support for the purpose of levelling.
• Anchor bolts should be provided to stabilize the
column during erection or to prevent uplift.
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