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CERAMIC AND SCULPTURE WORKSHOP
• Types of clay :
• Clay is a natural rock or soil material consisting of organic
matter and metal oxides.
• Types :
• Stoneware clay : contain feldspar , calcium , iron which
lower amount impart color to clay, fie in middle range of
tempratue.
• Earthenware clay : has high percentage of iron oxide,
porous when fired.
• Porcelain :Also known as China clay. High firing clay white
in color.
• Characteristics: Plasticity is there due to which
shrinkage and expansion takes place.
• Also has malleability and porosity.
• Types of claybody:
• When saw dust , ash , husk , horse dung etc are
added to clay to increase its plasticity or porosity
it becomes claybody.
• Types :
• Earthenware :White or red body designed to fire
at low temprature.
• Stoneware : Tan grey or yellow , brown , red in
color.More plastic than porcelain.
• Porcelain : Hard , non absorbent claybody which
is white and translucent.Smooth texture.
• Glaze :
• Coating of vitreous substance which has been
applied to claybody through firing.
• Alumina , silica , flux , water , glass is there.
• Purpose : It render earthenware vessels suitable
for holding liquids , it provides hardness , sealing
porosity of terracotta , .
• It is done on cups and saucer , expensive dinner
sets , sanitary wares etc.Also used on stoneware
and porcelain.
• Types of glaze :
• Glossy , matt , crackle , opaque , transparent .
• Types of firing :
• There are two types of firing :
• Open kiln
• Tunnel kiln
• OPEN KILN : The kiln is burnt in open . Products are
kept in open on ash surrounding it cow dung cakes ,
husk , hollow pots are kept etc . The kiln has low
temprature .It runs 5 hrs .After firing the color of
product turns red.
• TUNNEL KILN : Bricks are fired in tunnel kiln . The
chambers are made . Then bricks are placed in it . It
runs 24 hrs . The bricks which are fired are covered by
plastic . They use fevicol to transfer heat.They also pour
coal from top .
• Stages before biscuiting :
• Greenware : Clay is substantial to be moulded in any
shape but wet enough to not form cracks .
• Clay has more plasticity.
• Leatherhard :
• After the product being made it starts drying and attain
stage of leather hard.
• After drying of the plastic clay becomes leatherhard
due to leather like texture . Finishing of piece is done.
• Bone dry : The product turns out hard like bone ,
surface becomes chalky and color becomes light .
• Firing : Lastly , in order to set ceramic product it is
passed through biscuit firing which is done at low
temprature.
• Tiles :
• Characteristics : weather resistant , light
weight , easy to install , cheap , colors are
available , various sizes are available .
• Uses : Interior , Exterior , wall cladding ,
flooring , etc
• Types : Porcelain tile , Quarry tile , Mosaic tile
, Stone tile ,Ceramic tile , Linoleum tile , Metal
tile , vinyl tile , Wood tile .
• Submitted by :
MEWADA ABHISHEK (1432)
Submitted to :
KRUNAL ZAVERI
JAGRUTIE DABHI

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  • 2. • Types of clay : • Clay is a natural rock or soil material consisting of organic matter and metal oxides. • Types : • Stoneware clay : contain feldspar , calcium , iron which lower amount impart color to clay, fie in middle range of tempratue. • Earthenware clay : has high percentage of iron oxide, porous when fired. • Porcelain :Also known as China clay. High firing clay white in color. • Characteristics: Plasticity is there due to which shrinkage and expansion takes place. • Also has malleability and porosity.
  • 3. • Types of claybody: • When saw dust , ash , husk , horse dung etc are added to clay to increase its plasticity or porosity it becomes claybody. • Types : • Earthenware :White or red body designed to fire at low temprature. • Stoneware : Tan grey or yellow , brown , red in color.More plastic than porcelain. • Porcelain : Hard , non absorbent claybody which is white and translucent.Smooth texture.
  • 4. • Glaze : • Coating of vitreous substance which has been applied to claybody through firing. • Alumina , silica , flux , water , glass is there. • Purpose : It render earthenware vessels suitable for holding liquids , it provides hardness , sealing porosity of terracotta , . • It is done on cups and saucer , expensive dinner sets , sanitary wares etc.Also used on stoneware and porcelain. • Types of glaze : • Glossy , matt , crackle , opaque , transparent .
  • 5. • Types of firing : • There are two types of firing : • Open kiln • Tunnel kiln • OPEN KILN : The kiln is burnt in open . Products are kept in open on ash surrounding it cow dung cakes , husk , hollow pots are kept etc . The kiln has low temprature .It runs 5 hrs .After firing the color of product turns red. • TUNNEL KILN : Bricks are fired in tunnel kiln . The chambers are made . Then bricks are placed in it . It runs 24 hrs . The bricks which are fired are covered by plastic . They use fevicol to transfer heat.They also pour coal from top .
  • 6. • Stages before biscuiting : • Greenware : Clay is substantial to be moulded in any shape but wet enough to not form cracks . • Clay has more plasticity. • Leatherhard : • After the product being made it starts drying and attain stage of leather hard. • After drying of the plastic clay becomes leatherhard due to leather like texture . Finishing of piece is done. • Bone dry : The product turns out hard like bone , surface becomes chalky and color becomes light . • Firing : Lastly , in order to set ceramic product it is passed through biscuit firing which is done at low temprature.
  • 7. • Tiles : • Characteristics : weather resistant , light weight , easy to install , cheap , colors are available , various sizes are available . • Uses : Interior , Exterior , wall cladding , flooring , etc • Types : Porcelain tile , Quarry tile , Mosaic tile , Stone tile ,Ceramic tile , Linoleum tile , Metal tile , vinyl tile , Wood tile .
  • 8. • Submitted by : MEWADA ABHISHEK (1432) Submitted to : KRUNAL ZAVERI JAGRUTIE DABHI
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