The document discusses different types of ceramics decoration techniques. It defines under glazed and unglazed ceramics, as well as distinguishing between engraving and carved relief. Under glazed ceramics involve painting on unfired clay before glazing, while unglazed ceramics are not coated with glaze. Engraving involves carving or etching into material, while carved relief involves cutting material to form figures or designs in relief.
The document provides information on creating pinch pots from clay, including basic ceramic terms, construction techniques, clay stages, tools used, and joining methods. It defines ceramics as clay objects that permanently retain their shape after firing, and pottery as functional ware like pots and bowls. Common construction methods for hand building with clay are pinch, coil, and slab techniques. Clay must go through stages like greenware, leatherhard, bone dry, bisqueware, and glazeware involving drying and firing. Tools include fettling knives and loop tools, while joining uses scoring, slip, and bond mixtures.
This document provides an introduction to working with clay ceramics. It discusses that clay is created from the decomposition of igneous rock and involves the interplay of moisture, plasticity, and heat. The origins of ceramics date back to when people first learned to control fire. The document then covers properties of clay like plasticity, shrinkage, texture and moisture. It provides instructions for preparing clay, such as kneading or wedging to remove air bubbles. Various stages of clay are defined, from plastic to leather-hard to bisqueware and glazeware. Safety tips are also provided for handling clay.
Clay is created from the decomposition of igneous rock and contains moisture, plasticity, and is shaped through the application of heat. Ceramics has the longest history of the arts dating back to when people first learned to control fire and began modeling clay. Raw clay is dug from the ground and processed to remove impurities before use. Clay goes through various stages as it dries from plastic to leather-hard to bone dry before firing turns it into bisqueware or glazeware.
Glaze is a glossy coating applied to ceramics that provides decoration, protection, and waterproofing. The color of glaze can change when fired in a kiln. To prevent sticking, the bottom of ceramic pieces must be left unglazed. When glazing, safety precautions like wearing an apron and cleaning up spills and equipment are important as glazes contain toxic materials before firing. Once glazed, ceramics receive a second firing called a bisque firing to melt and fuse the glaze to the clay body. A variety of glaze types like speckle glazes are available and can be used alone or mixed for different visual effects.
This document provides instructions for a ceramics and sculpture course. It discusses various techniques for working with clay including wedging, scoring, slip, and the stages of clay from slip to bisqueware. It outlines three handbuilding techniques - pinch pots, coiling, and slab rolling - that students will use to create small pots. Safety tips are provided such as covering clay to prevent drying out and handling clay projects carefully.
Ceramics involves shaping objects from clay and firing them in a kiln. There are several stages to the ceramic process: wet clay, leatherhard clay, greenware, bisque firing, glazing, and final firing. Clay goes through wet, leatherhard, and greenware stages as it dries. It is fired for the first time to become bisque and can then be glazed. A second firing bakes the glaze onto the piece. Common building techniques include pinch pots, coil building, slab building, and throwing pots on a wheel. Clay can be recycled by soaking dried pieces.
Clay is fine particles that form from weathered rocks and minerals. Ancient cultures discovered clay could be shaped and used to make pottery as early as 8,000 BCE in the Middle East. There are two main types of clay - primary kaolin clay found where it was originally formed, and secondary clay that has eroded and been carried elsewhere. To prepare clay, it is wedged to remove air, allowed to dry to the leather-hard stage, and then fired first in a bisque firing and finally glazed and fired again to produce finished pottery. Modern kilns use gas or electricity to fire clay to the appropriate temperature indicated by pyrometric cones on a cone chart.
Glazing involves painting a thin layer of glass and minerals onto ceramic pieces. Underglaze can be applied all over while glaze cannot be applied to the bottom. Glazes have been used since ancient Egypt and were originally made from powdered glass and minerals. Ceramic pieces undergo bisque firing to strengthen them before glazing, which involves a second firing to fuse the glaze. It is important to take safety precautions like protective clothing and cleaning up spills when glazing ceramic pieces.
The document provides information on creating pinch pots from clay, including basic ceramic terms, construction techniques, clay stages, tools used, and joining methods. It defines ceramics as clay objects that permanently retain their shape after firing, and pottery as functional ware like pots and bowls. Common construction methods for hand building with clay are pinch, coil, and slab techniques. Clay must go through stages like greenware, leatherhard, bone dry, bisqueware, and glazeware involving drying and firing. Tools include fettling knives and loop tools, while joining uses scoring, slip, and bond mixtures.
This document provides an introduction to working with clay ceramics. It discusses that clay is created from the decomposition of igneous rock and involves the interplay of moisture, plasticity, and heat. The origins of ceramics date back to when people first learned to control fire. The document then covers properties of clay like plasticity, shrinkage, texture and moisture. It provides instructions for preparing clay, such as kneading or wedging to remove air bubbles. Various stages of clay are defined, from plastic to leather-hard to bisqueware and glazeware. Safety tips are also provided for handling clay.
Clay is created from the decomposition of igneous rock and contains moisture, plasticity, and is shaped through the application of heat. Ceramics has the longest history of the arts dating back to when people first learned to control fire and began modeling clay. Raw clay is dug from the ground and processed to remove impurities before use. Clay goes through various stages as it dries from plastic to leather-hard to bone dry before firing turns it into bisqueware or glazeware.
Glaze is a glossy coating applied to ceramics that provides decoration, protection, and waterproofing. The color of glaze can change when fired in a kiln. To prevent sticking, the bottom of ceramic pieces must be left unglazed. When glazing, safety precautions like wearing an apron and cleaning up spills and equipment are important as glazes contain toxic materials before firing. Once glazed, ceramics receive a second firing called a bisque firing to melt and fuse the glaze to the clay body. A variety of glaze types like speckle glazes are available and can be used alone or mixed for different visual effects.
This document provides instructions for a ceramics and sculpture course. It discusses various techniques for working with clay including wedging, scoring, slip, and the stages of clay from slip to bisqueware. It outlines three handbuilding techniques - pinch pots, coiling, and slab rolling - that students will use to create small pots. Safety tips are provided such as covering clay to prevent drying out and handling clay projects carefully.
Ceramics involves shaping objects from clay and firing them in a kiln. There are several stages to the ceramic process: wet clay, leatherhard clay, greenware, bisque firing, glazing, and final firing. Clay goes through wet, leatherhard, and greenware stages as it dries. It is fired for the first time to become bisque and can then be glazed. A second firing bakes the glaze onto the piece. Common building techniques include pinch pots, coil building, slab building, and throwing pots on a wheel. Clay can be recycled by soaking dried pieces.
Clay is fine particles that form from weathered rocks and minerals. Ancient cultures discovered clay could be shaped and used to make pottery as early as 8,000 BCE in the Middle East. There are two main types of clay - primary kaolin clay found where it was originally formed, and secondary clay that has eroded and been carried elsewhere. To prepare clay, it is wedged to remove air, allowed to dry to the leather-hard stage, and then fired first in a bisque firing and finally glazed and fired again to produce finished pottery. Modern kilns use gas or electricity to fire clay to the appropriate temperature indicated by pyrometric cones on a cone chart.
Glazing involves painting a thin layer of glass and minerals onto ceramic pieces. Underglaze can be applied all over while glaze cannot be applied to the bottom. Glazes have been used since ancient Egypt and were originally made from powdered glass and minerals. Ceramic pieces undergo bisque firing to strengthen them before glazing, which involves a second firing to fuse the glaze. It is important to take safety precautions like protective clothing and cleaning up spills when glazing ceramic pieces.
The document provides an overview of the ceramic making process, from working with wet clay and forming techniques like pinch pots and coil building, to firing the pieces in the bisque and glaze stages. Various forming methods like pinch pots, coil building, and slab construction are described and examples are given of ceramic artists' works. The stages of clay such as leather hard and greenware are defined to explain the ceramic creation process.
This document provides an overview of introductory lessons on working with clay, including:
- The basic properties and composition of clay, and how it is shaped when wet and hardened when fired.
- Traditional methods used by various ancient cultures for preparing, decorating, and firing clay ceramics, including techniques like coil building and slip trailing.
- Elements of ceramic design like relief, form, and unity are discussed. Relief carving and surface decoration techniques like incising and burnishing are described.
- Examples of traditional ceramics from cultures like Japan, Africa, and North America illustrate distinctive regional styles and techniques.
Clay is a soft, earthy material made from eroded rocks that can be shaped using different methods like pinching, coil building, working with slabs, or throwing on a pottery wheel. Common techniques for working with clay include pinching pieces by hand, creating coil structures by rolling ropes of clay, forming flat slabs using rollers or pins, and shaping items on a spinning wheel using one's hands. Once formed, clay pieces are fired in a kiln to make them strong and permanent.
Value refers to the lightness and darkness of a color, which is achieved through shading techniques like stippling, hatching, cross-hatching, and blending. Value scales can be used for shading practice and to determine if the correct values are used in an artwork. Good art incorporates a variety of values, ranging from black to white. The document discusses value and provides examples of common shading techniques.
This document provides instructions on basic watercolor techniques including different grips for holding the brush, methods for applying washes such as flat, graded, wet-in-wet, lifting, and dry-brush, as well as techniques like overlapping. It assigns beginners to practice creating an overlapping color grid using flat washes and allowing drying time, and to make a color wheel with flat washes in any shapes, focusing on color matching and sharing results.
This chapter discusses various handbuilding techniques for ceramics including pinch, coil, and slab construction. Pinch and coil construction were widely used in ancient cultures, while slab construction was more common in Mesoamerican cultures. Pinch forms can be delicate or thick, and coil construction can create almost any shape or form. Clay slabs can be used soft or stiff depending on the desired shape. The chapter provides guidelines for wedging clay, forming methods, surface effects, concentrating pressure points, and maintaining appropriate wall thickness.
This document provides an overview of ceramics, including the types and properties of clay, methods of construction such as pinch, coil, slab and wheel throwing techniques, kiln firing processes, and safety practices. It discusses the history of clay use and outlines topics to be covered like the chemical makeup and uses of clay, as well as presenting finished ceramic works and receiving critiques.
Ceramics are objects made from clay that permanently retain their shape after being fired at high temperatures. Clay becomes ceramic after being shaped and hardened through heating in a kiln. There are several handbuilding techniques for shaping clay, including pinch, coil, and slab methods which involve squeezing, rolling, or flattening clay respectively. Clay goes through stages from wet to leatherhard to bone dry and is fired at lower bisqueware then higher glazeware temperatures. Common tools used include knives and loops for shaping and joining involves scratching, applying slip, and pressing pieces together.
Clay is a fine-grained earth material that is plastic when wet and hardens when heated. It has been used for ceramic art for thousands of years, with some of the earliest pottery dating back 29,000 years. There are different types of clay like earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Sculpting clay requires various tools like loop tools, ribs, and brushes. Techniques include wedging to eliminate air bubbles, and scoring and slipping pieces together. Once sculpted, pieces are fired in a kiln through bisque and glaze firing to harden the clay and add decorative glazes.
This document provides information about ceramics and pinch pots, including:
Clay is made from earth, water, and fire, and has plasticity which allows it to be shaped. Ceramics are clay objects that retain their shape after heating, while pottery is functional ware like pots and bowls made from moist clay and hardened by heat. Common hand-building methods for pottery include pinch, coil, and slab techniques. Clay goes through stages like greenware, leatherhard, bone dry, bisqueware, and glazeware during and after firing. Basic tools include fettling knives and loop tools, while scoring, slip, and bond are joining techniques.
This document provides information about coil pottery, including how to make coil pots and different coil pottery techniques. It begins by explaining that coil pottery is made by rolling ropes of clay and stacking them in circles to build up the walls of a pot. Later sections describe specific coil pottery techniques like pressed coils, symmetrical vs. asymmetrical shapes, using coils as a design element, combining slab and coil techniques, and historical examples of coil pottery from various cultures. It concludes by assigning a project for students to create their own coil pottery, requiring they incorporate coils in at least a quarter of the piece.
This document discusses line as a metaphor for artists that denotes boundaries as well as movement and change. It defines different types of lines including horizontal, vertical, diagonal, thick, thin, implied, contour, gesture, structural, and calligraphic lines. It also explains how lines can be used to create value through stippling, hatching, and cross-hatching techniques. The document provides examples of how different artists have used lines in their artwork.
This document discusses visual shapes and forms, distinguishing between two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional forms. It defines geometric shapes/forms as those made with straight lines and circles, while organic shapes/forms are found in nature. Costumes, settings, and actors' bodies can utilize both geometric and organic shapes and forms. Forms can change through a process called metamorphosis, as seen in nature and in theater through changes to actors' appearance. Designers may employ morphing techniques to visualize incremental changes between entities.
Clay can be formed into objects through processes like pinching, slab building, coil building, and wheel throwing. It needs to be fired in a kiln to become permanent. The document provides instructions for making clay cottage or gingerbread house facades, including drawing a sketch, building up the front wall and triangle sides with clay, scoring and slipping pieces together, allowing it to dry, glazing it, and firing it twice in a kiln. The finished pieces can have candles placed behind them.
The document discusses scale and proportion in art. It defines scale as the size of an object relative to another, often compared to human scale. Proportion refers to the relative size of parts within a whole. It uses Michelangelo's David as an example of ideal proportions in sculpture and life-size scale. The sculpture towers over viewers at over 13 feet tall on a pedestal, giving it a sense of grandeur. It also discusses uses of scale in miniatures and monumental architecture.
This document provides an overview of different printmaking techniques including relief printing techniques like woodcut and linocut, intaglio techniques like etching and drypoint, stencil techniques like silkscreen, and planographic techniques like lithography. It describes the basic processes for each technique such as how the image is created on the plate or surface and how it is then printed to create multiples.
Ceramics are made from primary or secondary clay. Primary clay is formed from decomposing rock, while secondary clay is transported by water, air or ice. Earthenware is made from secondary clay and hardens at low temperatures but remains porous. Before making ceramics, clay must be wedged and kneaded to remove air bubbles and distribute water evenly to prevent explosions during firing. Clay goes through stages such as leather hard and bone dry during drying and is shaped using techniques like coil building and working with slabs. Tools are used to shape and model clay, then pieces are fired in kilns, with cones used to monitor heat levels during firing. Glazes can be applied after bisque firing to
The document provides information about ancient Greek pottery, including that:
- Clay was readily available and inexpensive, making it a useful material for creating storage containers, dishes, and other cookware before the widespread use of glass or metal.
- Pottery was formed using techniques like wheel throwing or coil building and then fired in kilns to make it strong and waterproof.
- Decorative styles like geometric, orientalizing, and black and red figure painting evolved over time and were used to depict myths and daily life.
- Pottery production was an important industry and art form in ancient Greece, though generally considered less prestigious than metalwork. Fragments that have survived provide insight into Greek culture
Acrylic paint was developed in the 1940s and gained popularity in the 1960s when used by pop artists like Andy Warhol. Acrylics are water-based, dry quickly, and are easy to use and clean up. They can be applied opaque or transparent. Common acrylic painting techniques include color blocking, wet-on-wet blending, hard edges, glazing, scumbling, impasto, and watercolor effects. Proper brush care involves cleaning immediately after use to prevent dried paint from ruining the brush.
Value: Drawing and the art element of valueprofmedina
The document discusses value and light in drawing. It defines value as the lights and darks in a work of art. Light is described as waves of energy that our eyes perceive as light or color. Shadows result when light is blocked. Key terms like high key, low key, and full value range are introduced. Drawing assignments are outlined that involve creating a value scale, reducing values to black and white, depicting the six categories of light on a sphere, and using additive and reductive techniques with charcoal to represent form, light, and shadow. Modeling, chiaroscuro, atmospheric perspective, and tenebrism are also defined in relation to using value and light in artwork.
This document provides information on clays and their use in pottery. It discusses the key types of clays used, including kaolin, ball clay, fire clay, and stoneware clays. It describes the physical and chemical transformations clays undergo during drying and firing, as well as the characteristics and properties of different clay bodies. The document also gives an overview of the history and types of pottery, and explains the stages involved in pottery making from forming greenware to bisque firing and glaze firing.
The document provides an overview of the ceramic making process, from working with wet clay and forming techniques like pinch pots and coil building, to firing the pieces in the bisque and glaze stages. Various forming methods like pinch pots, coil building, and slab construction are described and examples are given of ceramic artists' works. The stages of clay such as leather hard and greenware are defined to explain the ceramic creation process.
This document provides an overview of introductory lessons on working with clay, including:
- The basic properties and composition of clay, and how it is shaped when wet and hardened when fired.
- Traditional methods used by various ancient cultures for preparing, decorating, and firing clay ceramics, including techniques like coil building and slip trailing.
- Elements of ceramic design like relief, form, and unity are discussed. Relief carving and surface decoration techniques like incising and burnishing are described.
- Examples of traditional ceramics from cultures like Japan, Africa, and North America illustrate distinctive regional styles and techniques.
Clay is a soft, earthy material made from eroded rocks that can be shaped using different methods like pinching, coil building, working with slabs, or throwing on a pottery wheel. Common techniques for working with clay include pinching pieces by hand, creating coil structures by rolling ropes of clay, forming flat slabs using rollers or pins, and shaping items on a spinning wheel using one's hands. Once formed, clay pieces are fired in a kiln to make them strong and permanent.
Value refers to the lightness and darkness of a color, which is achieved through shading techniques like stippling, hatching, cross-hatching, and blending. Value scales can be used for shading practice and to determine if the correct values are used in an artwork. Good art incorporates a variety of values, ranging from black to white. The document discusses value and provides examples of common shading techniques.
This document provides instructions on basic watercolor techniques including different grips for holding the brush, methods for applying washes such as flat, graded, wet-in-wet, lifting, and dry-brush, as well as techniques like overlapping. It assigns beginners to practice creating an overlapping color grid using flat washes and allowing drying time, and to make a color wheel with flat washes in any shapes, focusing on color matching and sharing results.
This chapter discusses various handbuilding techniques for ceramics including pinch, coil, and slab construction. Pinch and coil construction were widely used in ancient cultures, while slab construction was more common in Mesoamerican cultures. Pinch forms can be delicate or thick, and coil construction can create almost any shape or form. Clay slabs can be used soft or stiff depending on the desired shape. The chapter provides guidelines for wedging clay, forming methods, surface effects, concentrating pressure points, and maintaining appropriate wall thickness.
This document provides an overview of ceramics, including the types and properties of clay, methods of construction such as pinch, coil, slab and wheel throwing techniques, kiln firing processes, and safety practices. It discusses the history of clay use and outlines topics to be covered like the chemical makeup and uses of clay, as well as presenting finished ceramic works and receiving critiques.
Ceramics are objects made from clay that permanently retain their shape after being fired at high temperatures. Clay becomes ceramic after being shaped and hardened through heating in a kiln. There are several handbuilding techniques for shaping clay, including pinch, coil, and slab methods which involve squeezing, rolling, or flattening clay respectively. Clay goes through stages from wet to leatherhard to bone dry and is fired at lower bisqueware then higher glazeware temperatures. Common tools used include knives and loops for shaping and joining involves scratching, applying slip, and pressing pieces together.
Clay is a fine-grained earth material that is plastic when wet and hardens when heated. It has been used for ceramic art for thousands of years, with some of the earliest pottery dating back 29,000 years. There are different types of clay like earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Sculpting clay requires various tools like loop tools, ribs, and brushes. Techniques include wedging to eliminate air bubbles, and scoring and slipping pieces together. Once sculpted, pieces are fired in a kiln through bisque and glaze firing to harden the clay and add decorative glazes.
This document provides information about ceramics and pinch pots, including:
Clay is made from earth, water, and fire, and has plasticity which allows it to be shaped. Ceramics are clay objects that retain their shape after heating, while pottery is functional ware like pots and bowls made from moist clay and hardened by heat. Common hand-building methods for pottery include pinch, coil, and slab techniques. Clay goes through stages like greenware, leatherhard, bone dry, bisqueware, and glazeware during and after firing. Basic tools include fettling knives and loop tools, while scoring, slip, and bond are joining techniques.
This document provides information about coil pottery, including how to make coil pots and different coil pottery techniques. It begins by explaining that coil pottery is made by rolling ropes of clay and stacking them in circles to build up the walls of a pot. Later sections describe specific coil pottery techniques like pressed coils, symmetrical vs. asymmetrical shapes, using coils as a design element, combining slab and coil techniques, and historical examples of coil pottery from various cultures. It concludes by assigning a project for students to create their own coil pottery, requiring they incorporate coils in at least a quarter of the piece.
This document discusses line as a metaphor for artists that denotes boundaries as well as movement and change. It defines different types of lines including horizontal, vertical, diagonal, thick, thin, implied, contour, gesture, structural, and calligraphic lines. It also explains how lines can be used to create value through stippling, hatching, and cross-hatching techniques. The document provides examples of how different artists have used lines in their artwork.
This document discusses visual shapes and forms, distinguishing between two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional forms. It defines geometric shapes/forms as those made with straight lines and circles, while organic shapes/forms are found in nature. Costumes, settings, and actors' bodies can utilize both geometric and organic shapes and forms. Forms can change through a process called metamorphosis, as seen in nature and in theater through changes to actors' appearance. Designers may employ morphing techniques to visualize incremental changes between entities.
Clay can be formed into objects through processes like pinching, slab building, coil building, and wheel throwing. It needs to be fired in a kiln to become permanent. The document provides instructions for making clay cottage or gingerbread house facades, including drawing a sketch, building up the front wall and triangle sides with clay, scoring and slipping pieces together, allowing it to dry, glazing it, and firing it twice in a kiln. The finished pieces can have candles placed behind them.
The document discusses scale and proportion in art. It defines scale as the size of an object relative to another, often compared to human scale. Proportion refers to the relative size of parts within a whole. It uses Michelangelo's David as an example of ideal proportions in sculpture and life-size scale. The sculpture towers over viewers at over 13 feet tall on a pedestal, giving it a sense of grandeur. It also discusses uses of scale in miniatures and monumental architecture.
This document provides an overview of different printmaking techniques including relief printing techniques like woodcut and linocut, intaglio techniques like etching and drypoint, stencil techniques like silkscreen, and planographic techniques like lithography. It describes the basic processes for each technique such as how the image is created on the plate or surface and how it is then printed to create multiples.
Ceramics are made from primary or secondary clay. Primary clay is formed from decomposing rock, while secondary clay is transported by water, air or ice. Earthenware is made from secondary clay and hardens at low temperatures but remains porous. Before making ceramics, clay must be wedged and kneaded to remove air bubbles and distribute water evenly to prevent explosions during firing. Clay goes through stages such as leather hard and bone dry during drying and is shaped using techniques like coil building and working with slabs. Tools are used to shape and model clay, then pieces are fired in kilns, with cones used to monitor heat levels during firing. Glazes can be applied after bisque firing to
The document provides information about ancient Greek pottery, including that:
- Clay was readily available and inexpensive, making it a useful material for creating storage containers, dishes, and other cookware before the widespread use of glass or metal.
- Pottery was formed using techniques like wheel throwing or coil building and then fired in kilns to make it strong and waterproof.
- Decorative styles like geometric, orientalizing, and black and red figure painting evolved over time and were used to depict myths and daily life.
- Pottery production was an important industry and art form in ancient Greece, though generally considered less prestigious than metalwork. Fragments that have survived provide insight into Greek culture
Acrylic paint was developed in the 1940s and gained popularity in the 1960s when used by pop artists like Andy Warhol. Acrylics are water-based, dry quickly, and are easy to use and clean up. They can be applied opaque or transparent. Common acrylic painting techniques include color blocking, wet-on-wet blending, hard edges, glazing, scumbling, impasto, and watercolor effects. Proper brush care involves cleaning immediately after use to prevent dried paint from ruining the brush.
Value: Drawing and the art element of valueprofmedina
The document discusses value and light in drawing. It defines value as the lights and darks in a work of art. Light is described as waves of energy that our eyes perceive as light or color. Shadows result when light is blocked. Key terms like high key, low key, and full value range are introduced. Drawing assignments are outlined that involve creating a value scale, reducing values to black and white, depicting the six categories of light on a sphere, and using additive and reductive techniques with charcoal to represent form, light, and shadow. Modeling, chiaroscuro, atmospheric perspective, and tenebrism are also defined in relation to using value and light in artwork.
This document provides information on clays and their use in pottery. It discusses the key types of clays used, including kaolin, ball clay, fire clay, and stoneware clays. It describes the physical and chemical transformations clays undergo during drying and firing, as well as the characteristics and properties of different clay bodies. The document also gives an overview of the history and types of pottery, and explains the stages involved in pottery making from forming greenware to bisque firing and glaze firing.
Glazing is a process that involves painting a thin layer of glass and minerals onto ceramic pieces. It serves to color, decorate, and waterproof items. There are two main types: underglaze, which can cover the entire piece, and glaze, which is only applied to the outside. Glazes have been used since ancient Egypt and were originally made from powdered glass and minerals. A proper glaze balance is needed between silica, alumina, and flux ingredients. Glazes can be applied through dipping, brushing, or spraying. The glazed pieces then undergo a second firing to transform the glaze into its final appearance.
Glazing is a process that involves painting a thin layer of glass and minerals onto ceramic pieces. It serves to color, decorate, and waterproof items. There are two main types: underglaze, which can cover the entire piece, and glaze, which is only applied to the outside. Glazes have been used since ancient Egypt and were originally made from powdered glass and minerals. A proper glaze balance is needed between silica, alumina, and flux ingredients. Glazes can be applied through dipping, brushing, or spraying. The glazed pieces then undergo a second firing to transform the glaze into its final appearance.
1. Glass is made by heating sand, limestone, and soda ash to over 1700 degrees Celsius in a furnace, which allows the materials to melt and form a clear jelly-like substance.
2. Glass has been made since at least 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, and glassmaking later developed in ancient Egypt, Rome, China, and other societies throughout history.
3. There are many types of glass including soda lime glass, flint glass, Pyrex glass, and laminated glass, each with different optical and safety properties used for windows, containers, and other applications.
This document provides information on various types of ceramics including terracotta, faience, fire clay, stoneware, earthenware, vitreous china, and porcelain. It discusses the composition, properties, manufacturing process, types, advantages, and uses of terracotta. For faience, it describes the Egyptian faience material as a ceramic coated with an alkali-based glaze, its composition, properties, and common uses in Egypt such as for statuary, jewelry, and pottery. The document also notes the various manufacturing methods used for faience production.
This document summarizes the process of glazed pottery. It discusses the major types of pottery construction techniques like pinch pot, coiled pottery, and wheel throwing. It explains the stages of drying clay from leather hard to bone dry to bisque. It describes the bisque firing process and how glaze is applied in a glaze firing. It lists the main components of glaze as silica, alumina, and flux. It also discusses ways to apply glaze like dipping, airbrushing, painting, and techniques like sponging. Finally, it provides details on firing temperatures for low, mid, and high fire glazes and cones used to measure heat in kilns.
Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials made through heating and cooling processes. The document discusses the history and types of ceramics including clay products like bricks, tiles, and terracotta as well as other classes like stoneware, earthenware, and porcelain. It describes the manufacturing processes and properties of common ceramic materials and their uses in products like sanitary ware, insulators, and plates.
This document provides information about ceramics vases, including their history, materials, manufacturing process, and a local manufacturer in Malaysia called CLAYTAN. It discusses that vases are typically made from ceramic materials through a process involving clay preparation, shaping, drying, bisque firing, glaze application, glaze firing, and possible decoration. CLAYTAN is highlighted as a pioneer ceramic company in Malaysia that produces a variety of ceramic products including sanitaryware, tableware, and artware.
KCC Art 211 Ch 12 Clay, Metal, Fiber, WoodKelly Parker
The document provides an overview of various clay techniques and processes used in ceramics including pinching, coiling, slab building, and throwing. It describes the three stages of working with clay: wet, leather hard, and bone dry. It also outlines the firing process from greenware to bisque to glazed pieces. Additional finishing methods like burnishing and underglazing are mentioned.
This document provides information on ceramic and sculpture workshops, including the types of clay used, claybodies, glazes, firing methods, and the stages of ceramic production from greenware to biscuiting. It also briefly discusses tiles, their characteristics, uses, and types. The key points covered are the different types of clay including stoneware, earthenware, and porcelain; how additives change clay into claybodies; the purpose and types of glazes; and the open kiln and tunnel kiln firing methods.
Clay is created through the decomposition of various rocks and minerals. It is structured with flat, disk-like particles that allow it to be molded when wet. Clay composition varies by source. Clay is used to make masonry units, tiles, and decorative architectural elements. Proper cleaning, identifying causes of deterioration, and using appropriate repair methods help preserve ceramic materials.
*contents
Ceramics (classification)
Clay products employed in building industry.
Tiles
Terracotta
Earthenware
Stoneware
Porcelain
Bricks
Manufacturing process of common tiles.
Types of common tiles used in building industries.
Characteristics of good tiles
Clay Vocabulary list (ceramics, pottery)Maria Padgett
This document defines 63 terms related to ceramics and pottery making. It covers materials like clays, glazes, and oxides. It also defines processes such as firing, forming techniques like coil building and pinch pots, and decorating methods like slip trailing and sgraffito. Kiln types, equipment, and firing methods are also explained, such as pit firing, salt firing, and raku firing. The terms describe the various stages of working with clay from its raw form to the finished ceramic item.
Man Group was recognised as a partner who mirrored the quality, integrity and longevity of the Booker Prize. The prize underscores Man Group's charitable focus on literacy and education as well as the firm’s commitment to excellence and entrepreneurship.
ARTS - Mediums of the Visual Arts: Painting, Sculpture and ArchitectureJewel Jem
Mediums of the Visual Arts: Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
A short presentation about Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, its meanings, types, examples and photos.. Art for High Schoolers.
Stoneware is a vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic made from stoneware clay or fire clay. It is fired at high temperatures between 1200-1300°C and cooled slowly, making it nonporous and hard. Common uses include art pottery, plates, bowls, and jugs. There are different types of stoneware including traditional, fine, chemical, and thermal shock resistant stoneware used for various applications. Stoneware is known for its stone-like characteristics including a hard, dense surface that can be colored grey, brown, or off-white.
Ceramic glaze is a vitreous coating fused to ceramic through firing. Key glaze ingredients are silica, alumina, and fluxes. Silica provides the base but is non-transparent; colorants add hue. Glazes are mixed by precisely measuring dry ingredients like silica, alumina, and colorants, then adding water and mixing. Glazes can be applied through dipping, pouring, brushing, sponging, or spraying pottery before a second firing fuses the glaze. Common colorants are chrome oxide, cobalt, manganese, and rutile, each producing a range of colors depending on other ingredients. Firing temperature affects the properties and color range of glaz
This document discusses clay products used in building construction. It describes how clay is formed and composed of minerals like kaolinite. Clay is classified based on its formation (residual or transported) and characteristics (china clay, fire clay, vitrified clay, brick clay). Brick clay is most commonly used to manufacture building bricks. The process of brick making involves selecting suitable clay, preparing and molding the clay into bricks, drying the bricks, firing them in kilns, and cooling the finished bricks. The ideal composition of brick clay includes 20-30% alumina, 50-60% silica, and 4-6% iron oxide and lime to provide strength and bind the bricks during firing.
A PowerPoint presentation about clay - the three types/classification of clay, the stages of clay before and after firing and other key terms used in ceramics
Images as attribute values in the Odoo 17Celine George
Product variants may vary in color, size, style, or other features. Adding pictures for each variant helps customers see what they're buying. This gives a better idea of the product, making it simpler for customers to take decision. Including images for product variants on a website improves the shopping experience, makes products more visible, and can boost sales.
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 3)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
4. • Ceramics (noun and adjective) are those
things made from materials which are
permanently changed when heated.
• Changes are on the molecular level, which
also changes the physical characteristics of the
object.
• A ceramic is
an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by
the action of heat and subsequent
cooling. Ceramic materials may have a
crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or
may be shapeless (e.g., a glass).
5.
6.
7.
8. • Unlike metals and glass, pottery(ceramics) can not be
melted down and re-used - once broken, it is thrown
away. Also unlike metals, it can not rust/decay, and
unlike wood and other materials, pottery can not rot.
Hence it is generally the most common find on a
particular archaeological site.
• Because clay is easy to shape and decorate, pottery
always reflects contemporary tastes and cultural
ideals and so it is an ideal subject of art-historical
study. Different shapes and decorations were used at
different times, by different people, and for different
purposes. So by studying pottery, archaeologists can
date their sites and say a great deal about ancient
cultures. It provides information about
technology, industry, art, diet and a host of other
attributes of ancient cultures.
14. Glaze
• It is a glassy coating on pottery, the primary
purposes of which are decoration and protection.
• One important use of glaze is to render porous
pottery vessels impermeable to water and other
liquids.
• It may be applied by dusting the unfired
composition over the ware or by
spraying, dipping, trailing or brushing on a
thin slurry composed of the unfired glaze and
water.
15.
16. • The color of a glaze before it has been fired
may be significantly different than afterward.
To prevent glazed wares sticking to kiln
furniture during firing, either a small part of
the object being fired (for example, the foot)
is left unglazed used as supports. These are
removed and discarded after the firing.
• Glazes are the most often used form of
pottery decoration. They come in a huge
variety, including nearly every color
imaginable and many types of textures.
19. • Slip tailing is one of the most widely known
and used methods of decorating with slip. Slip
trailing delivers a stream of slip to damp or
leather-hard clay through some type of
dispenser.
• This dispenser can be a large-bore syringe
(needle) such as a bottle with a nozzle such as
used for condiments or glue. In either
case, the dispenser's opening must be wide
enough so that it won't easily clog. In
addition, the slip used consist of fairly fine
particles also, again in order to reduce
clogging.
20.
21.
22. • A slip is a suspension in water of clay and/or
other materials used in the production of
ceramic ware. sodium silicate, can be added to
the slip to disperse (defuse, solve, go away) the
raw material particles.
• This allows a higher solids content to be used.
• It combined with glazed often to make
decorative effect. like icing to a cake.
• There are many interesting and diverse pottery
decorating techniques involving the use of slips.
Effects range from very linear to very
textural, and from very fluid to quite hard-edged.
24. Earthenware
• The earliest forms of pottery were made from
clays that were fired at low temperatures in
pit-fires or in open bonfires.
• They were hand formed and undecorated.
Because the bisque (base or main) form of
earthenware is porous, it has limited utility for
storage of liquids.
25. Stoneware
• Glazed Stoneware was being created as early
as the 15th century BCE in China. This
achievement coincided with kilns that could
be fired at higher temperatures
• Called stone ware because of its stone like
character. They are dense than earthen ware.
• They are in grey but after firing turn into
brown
26. Porcelain ware
• Chinese ware
• Made of white Chinese clay
• Opaque (not clear, dense) than stone ware
28. 1. Painting
1. Enamel/over glazed/Minai ware
Applied to fired clay body already
coated with the fire glazed
2. Under glazed ware
Used on fired but unglazed body
3. Luster ware
Over the glazed
31. • The color mainly made of “Gosu” (cobalt oxide) is
used in under glazed decoration.
• The decorative techniques include drawing,
shading (dami), transfer printing, stamping and
blowing.
• The term “Under glaze” means a picture is drawn
under the glaze.
• Under glazed ceramics made only use of gosu are
called “Tempu”.
35. • Luster-painting is a unique contribution of the
Islamic world.
• It became an important paint for ceramics
from about 800AD, but was used on glass in
Egypt and Iraq before this date.
• Luster pigment is a compound of silver, copper
and iron oxide in a refractory earth kept
together by gum.
• It is applied to the glazed surface of a
previously fired vessel.
36. • The painted object is then refried to a red
heat in a reducing atmosphere in the small
specially constructed kiln used only for this
purpose.
• In the second "firing" the metals are bonded
to the glaze as a thin layer with a strongly
metallic luster, the refractory earths can then
be brushed off.
37.
38.
39. Glazed/Minai ware
Probably one of the most beautiful types of Iranian pottery that
was produced during the Seljuq period is that of overglaze-
painting.
In Persian the names of mināi (enamel), or haft-rangi, (seven
colours) are used.
40. • Pour the glaze over the clay and fire the piece in a
gas kiln.
• The glaze comes in different colors and textures
besides white, such as turquoise, black and lapis
lazuli (dark blue). They can be used according to
product lines.
• There are two kinds of firing techniques:
oxidation and reduction. They form color changes
on the fired piece.
• The clay shrinks about 10 % when it is fired, and
becomes very hard.
• In the case of porcelain, the body becomes less
absorbent, white and more transparent.
41.
42.
43.
44. 2. Cutting or incising
a) Sgraffito
b) Engraving
c) Carved relief
45.
46. Sgraffito
• Sgraffito (noun) is the technique of incising
down through a layer of applied slip to the
clay body below, in which the clay and slip are
of contrasting colors.
• The term is from the Latin for scratch (as with
a stylus) which is also the root for "graffiti"
and "graphic" (as in to write).
雅虎竞拍
煤炉代买
paypay商城
乐天二手
日本亚马逊
乐天新品
ZOZOTOWN
