A Review on Comparative Analysis of Multistorey Buildings Under Various Indian Seismic And Soil Conditions

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 01 | Jan 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 243
A Review on Comparative Analysis of Multistorey Buildings Under
Various Indian Seismic And Soil Conditions
Pandya Drashti1, Aakash Suthar2,
1MTech. Student, L.J. University, Ahmedabad
2Aakash Suthar, Professor, Structural Engineering Department, L.J. University, Ahmedabad, India.
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Abstract -Due to India's vulnerabilitytoseismicactivity, the
paper emphasizes the need for research on the analysis of
structures in seismic zones and soil conditions. It highlights
how crucial it is to comprehend how various building types
react to seismic stress in order to lessen thedevastatingeffects
of earthquakes on infrastructureandpeople. Bysheddinglight
on the benefits and drawbacks of different structural systems,
the study hopes to improve building practices. It takes into
account elements like overall stability, stress distribution,
deformation, and seismic performance under various load
scenarios. A comparison of high-rise reinforced concrete
irregular buildings with and without shear walls is also
included in the paper. It evaluates variables like modalperiod,
storey displacement, storeydrift, shearforce, bending moment,
and building torsion using analytical methods and
simulations. The investigation also takes into account various
structural forms. The overall goal of the research is to offer a
thorough understanding of how different structuresbehavein
India's various seismic zones, which will improve building
techniques and seismic vulnerability assessments.
Key Words: Seismic analysis, Multistorey Buillding, Structural
Design, Seismic Load, E-tabs.
1.INTRODUCTION
India's vast and varied terrainismarkedbydifferentdegrees
of seismic hazard, which makes in-depth study of the
evaluation of structures in seismic zones necessary.
Structures are more vulnerable in high-seismic-risk areas,
such as those near tectonic plate boundaries, necessitatinga
careful analysis of construction materials and design
principles. To determine the unique difficulties brought
about by seismic activity and to create resilient construction
techniques, research in these areas is crucial. Through
examining how distinct structural systems react to seismic
strain, scholars can acquire significant understanding of the
benefits and drawbacks of different kinds of buildings. By
improvinga structure'sseismic performance,thisknowledge
helps lessen the effect of earthquakes on surrounding
communities.
Figure 1: Structural representation
Furthermore, seismic studies providea basisforthecreation
of seismic building standards and codes specific to various
Indian regions. Strictly based buildingcodesare necessaryto
guarantee that newly constructed buildings meet the
strictest seismic safety requirements. Regulatory bodiescan
promote an earthquake-resilient culture in the construction
industry by establishing guidelines that prioritize the safety
of structures and occupants, a practice that is made possible
by incorporating the lessons learned from seismic analysis.
In conclusion, studies on the evaluationofIndianseismically
vulnerable structures are essential to the preservation of
infrastructure and human life. The country's varied seismic
risk makes it necessary to take a nuanced approach to
comprehending how different regions' buildings behave.
These studies provide valuable insights that not only guide
the design and construction of new buildings, but also playa
major role in the development of robust building codes and
retrofitting strategies. The knowledge gained from seismic
research will be crucial in developing a built environment
that is safer and more resilient as India continues to
urbanize and grow. Regulatory bodies can promote an
earthquake-resilient culture in the construction industry by
establishing guidelinesthat prioritizethesafetyofstructures
and occupants, a practice that is made possible by
incorporating the lessons learned from seismic analysis.

Figure 2: E-tabs Structural model
1.2 Objective
 To compare the susceptibilityofdifferentstructures
in different seismic zones of India, conduct an
assessment of seismic vulnerability.
 To compare the performance of different buildings
under different soil conditions.
 Examine how India's seismic zoning map affects
structural performance, taking into account the
various features of each zone.
 Utilizing analytical techniques and simulations,
assess and contrast the deformation, stress
distribution, and overall stability of various
structures.
 To analyze different buildings using E-tabs
software.
2. Literature Review
[1] Md. Sabbir Hossain,S.K.Singh,“Comparativeanalysis
of irregular RCC buildings in different zones” IOP Conf.
Series: Earth and Environmental Science (2023)
This research paper compares and contrasts two
irregularly designed Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)
building plans that are intended to withstand seismic loads
and gravity in different seismic zones. The extended three-
dimensional analysis of building systems (ETABS) and the
response spectrum method (RSM) are both used in thestudy
to evaluate the earthquake performance of these structures.
Important factors like earthquake resistance, serviceability,
and design considerations are all included in the evaluation,
with a focus on how the system responds to seismic and
gravitational forces.
There were two distinct irregular RCC building plans forG+9
and G+25, and they were exposed to four distinct zones—
Zones 2, 3, 4, and 5—for a total of eight models. Notable
resultsare obtained from the analysis, which wascarriedout
using the Indian Standard (IS) 1893 for earthquake load.
When it comes to base shear, maximum story displacement,
and maximum story drifts, the models located in lower
seismic zones perform better. This implies that these
buildingsare more resilient to thedynamicforcesbroughton
by seismic activity. A thorough grasp of the structural
behavior under various loading scenarios is provided by the
application of the response spectrum method and extended
three-dimensional analysis.
Figure 3 Base shear for G+25
Figure 4 Base shear for G+9

[2] Deepali Vasudev, Anjali Rai, “Comparative Study on
Seismic Analysis of Multi Storied RC Framed Structure
with and without Diaphragm Discontinuity”
International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology (IJRASET), (2021)
This study delves deeply into the topic of seismic analysis as
it relates to multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) framed
buildings. The study's main focus is on how diaphragm
discontinuity—more especially, architectural openings or
structuralcutouts—affectshowthesebuildingsbehaveunder
seismic stress. The term"diaphragmdiscontinuity"describes
breaks in a building'shorizontalcomponents,likeitsfloorsor
roofs, which may have an impact on how seismic loads are
distributed.
A building plan measuring 25meters by 25meterswastaken
into consideration for the structural analysis, and the
structure is regarded as a residential building for the
purposes of the load applications. The structure has been
examined with a generic storeyheightof3metersinmind.To
look into how seismic forces affect the structure with the
diaphragm discontinuity, different percentages of the
openings have been provided in the structure. The
percentage of gross area occupied by the openings has been
provided. We have four models: 0%,5%,10%,and17%,with
increasing opening percentages.
The analysis's conclusions provide important new
information about how the structure's openings affect its
seismic behavior. The research has revealed that the
introduction ofarchitectural openings or cutouts has altered
the load transfer path within the building, which is one
significant outcome. It is clear from this that diaphragm
discontinuity must be taken into account in seismic design
and analysis since it significantly affects the structure's
overall response to seismic forces. For engineers and
architects involved in the planning and construction of
buildings in seismically active areas, this information has
important practical implications for seismic design
procedures.
Figure 5 Base shear of all models
Figure 6 Storey drift of all models
[3] Suraj D. Vasave, Ganesh N. Vhankade, Aniket S.
Kumbhar,Akshay R. Damse, V.P. Bhusare, Dr. N.V.
Khadake “Comparative studyofdynamicbehaviorofg+4
building with different configurations in seismic zone iii
using Etabs software.” International Research Journalof
Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
(2023)
The study under review offers a thorough comparative
analysis with an emphasis on the dynamic behavior of G+4
buildings in seismic zone III. With the use of the ETABS
software, the study focuses on structures that have two
different spatial configurations: rectangular, H-shape, C-
shape and hollow shape with non-parallel x and y
coordinates. The effect of slenderness ratio on these
structures is one of the main issues the studyaddresses. This
study is important because it may provide important new
information about how mid-rise structures with different
geometric features behave during earthquakes.

A crucial component of the study is the analysis of various
structural parameters. The study looks into the reaction
moment, story drift, and base shear among these. The
researchers obtain a sophisticated understanding of how
various building configurations react to seismic ground
motion by closely examining these parameters. The
conclusions regarding the seismic resilience of G+4
structures are based on this thorough analysis, which offers
crucial information to structural engineers and urban
planners working in earthquake-prone areas.
The study's main conclusions include the realization of how
significantly building shape affects a structure's ability to
withstand seismic forces. The choice of spatial arrangement,
whether square or rectangular, can have a big impactonhow
well a building can absorb and release seismic energy, as the
conclusion makes clear. This realization is crucial for
directing future building procedures and design choices in
seismically vulnerable areas.
Figure 7 Bending Moment graph
Figure 8 Story drift graph
[4] G.Vamshi Prathap ,D.Radha “Comparative analysisof
behaviour of horizontal and vertical irregular buildings
with and without using shear walls by etabs software.”
Journal of Engineering Sciences (2023)
The current paper investigates the structural buildings
having verticalandhorizontalirregularitieswithandwithout
the provision of shear wall. The analysis of the G+12 multi-
story commercial building in zone 2 is taken into
consideration in the current study using ETABS. Shear walls
are essential for improving high-rise reinforced concrete
buildings' seismic performance, especially during
earthquakes. When compared to buildings without shear
walls, these vertical structures significantly lessen the
displacement of building stories, showing a reduction of 50–
70%. This significant advancementindisplacementcontrolis
essential to the structure's overall stability andseismicevent
safety.
Buildingstructureswithirregularities,particularlythosewith
vertical irregularities, are significantly more likely to fail
during earthquakes. Variations in mass and stiffness along a
building's height are examples of vertical irregularities that
significantly affect seismic performance. In order to
overcomethese difficulties,shearwallsincreaseresistanceto
lateral loads, lessen the negative effects of irregularities, and
improve the building's overall structural integrity.
The presence of shear walls is not the only factor that
determines their effectiveness; other factors include their
design. In structureswithshearwalls,theresistancetolateral
loads rises linearly with the shear wall's thickness. But the
shear wall's width has an even more noticeable impact on
how well it performs. This emphasizes how crucial it is to
take into account both width and thickness when designing
structures with shear walls in earthquake-prone areas.
Figure 9 Moment graph
Figure 10 Storey drift graph

[5] Kiran Devi, SubhankarPetal“AComparativeStudyon
Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings in
Different Seismic Zones” Journal of Smart Buildings and
Construction Technology (2023)
The study offers a thorough examination of how
multistory buildings behave seismically in different seismic
zones. This study examines the performance of a reinforced
concrete (RC) structure with a maximum height of eight
stories in seismic zones III, IV, and V.Thisstudy'smaingoalis
to use the ETABS analytical modeltocomparethepercentage
of longitudinal steel, reinforcement details, and design base
shear of a single G + 8 story reinforced concrete (RC)
structure in three distinct seismic zones—India's III, IV, and
V. The analysis takes into account a number of important
variables, such as the building's inherentfrequency,damping
factor, base type, structural significance, and ductility.
It is observed that when the seismic zone shifts from III to V,
the amount of bottom midspan reinforcement in the beams
increases significantly, ranging from 13% to 35%. This
suggests that in response to the increased seismic forces,
there is a greater need for reinforcing elements in the beams,
especially at the lower levels of the structure. Furthermore,
the total amount of steel needed for the structure increases
gradually from seismic Zone III to V by about 35%. This
emphasizes how crucial it is to give material qualities and
structural design significant thought in areas with greater
seismic activity.
The differences in base shear, reinforcement details, and
overall steel demand observed in the G + 8 storey RC
structureacrossseismic zonesIII,IV,andVhighlighttheneed
for increased attention to earthquake-resistant construction
practices, especially in higher seismic zones.
Figure 11 Design base shear
Figure 12 % steel in column
3. CONCLUSIONS
Studies on the evaluation of Indian seismically vulnerable
structures are essential to the preservation ofinfrastructure
and human life. The country's varied seismic risk makes it
necessary to take a nuanced approach to comprehending
how different regions' buildings behave. These studies
provide valuable insights based on the research of various
buildings having various irregularitiesasstated above.Some
of them are as below:
 Maximum displacement and the number of storeys
have an inverse relationship with the seismic zone
coefficient.
 There is an inverse relationshipbetweenbaseshear
and seismic zone coefficient increase.
 The structural performance againstearthquakeload
is significantly influenced by thelengthandwidthof
the structure.
 The load transfer path and the behavior of a
multistory building under seismic forces can be
greatly impacted by the presence of architectural
openings or discontinuities.
 Reducing the storey drift indicates less lateral
displacement, which is correlated with increasing
the percentage of openings in the structure.
 The base shear, which represents the maximum
expected lateral force, also decreases as the
percentage of openings increases.
 The way a structure is designed for its shape can
have a big impact on how it responds structurallyto
ground motion caused by earthquakes.

 As seismic zones increased, the quantity of top
longitudinal steel at support sections in beams
varied from approximately 0.23 to 0.46, while the
quantity of bottom longitudinal steel at support
sections in beams varied from approximately 0.23
to 0.36.
 Between seismic Zone III and V, the quantity of
bottom midspan reinforcement in beams increased
by roughly 13 to 35, and the total amount of steel
required increased gradually by about 35.
REFERENCES
[1] Hossain, S., & Singh, S. K. (2023, February).Comparative
analysis of irregular RCC buildings in different zones. In
IOP ConferenceSeries:Earth andEnvironmental Science
(Vol. 1110, No. 1, p. 012035). IOP Publishing.
[2] Deepali Vasudev, Anjali Rai. "Comparative Study on
Seismic Analysis of Multi Storied RC Framed Structure
with and without Diaphragm Discontinuity", Volume 9,
Issue X, International Journal for Research in Applied
Science and EngineeringTechnology(IJRASET)PageNo:
657-662, ISSN: 2321-9653
[3] Vasave, S. D., Vhankade, G. N., Kumbhar, A. S., Damse, A.
R., Bhusare, V. P., & Khadake, N. V. COMPARATIVE
STUDY OF DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF G+ 4 BUILDING
WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONSIN SEISMICZONE
III USING ETABS SOFTWARE.
[4] PRATHAP, G. V., & RADHA, D. (2023). COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOUR OF HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL IRREGULAR BUILDINGS WITH AND
WITHOUT USING SHEAR WALLSBYETABSSOFTWARE.
Journal of Engineering Sciences, 14(02).
[5] Devi, K., & Petal, S. (2023). A Comparative Study on
Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings in Different
Seismic Zones. Journal of Smart Buildings and
Construction Technology, 5(2), 9-16.

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