Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape Building Using Conventional Slab and Grid Slab in Etabs

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Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric
Shape Building Using Conventional Slab and Grid Slab in Etabs
Akshay Prashant Nikam1, Atul B.Pujari2
1Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, KJCOMER, Pune, India
2Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KJCOMER, Pune, India
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Abstract:
The objective of the project is to investigate and compare
the structural effectiveness of two categories of floor
structures in multi-story constructions: traditional slabs
and grid slabs. Utilizing the ETABS software, an in-depth
analysis and design procedure will be executed to evaluate
their operational efficiency. The study will encompass both
symmetric and asymmetric building configurations to
examine the response of these slabs under diverse
structural conditions. Essential elements such as
gravitational forces, lateral loads, and seismic forces will
be meticulously taken into account during the building's
design phase. ETABS offers robust tools for simulating and
assessing building performance under these forces. The
project involves the creation of a multi-story building
model in ETABS, with a comprehensive examination and
comparison of deflections, moments, shears, and stresses
for both types of slabs. The primary focus is on appraising
their structural efficacy and effectiveness. Various loading
scenarios will be taken into consideration to assess the
performance of each slab type. Additionally, the design of
structural elements will adhere to building codes and
standards to guarantee safety and stability.
Keywords: Asymmetric; Conventional Slab (C.S.);
Grid Slab (G.S.); Symmetric; Storey Displacement;
Storey Drift; Storey Shear.
1. Introduction:
The research project, titled "Investigation and
Comparative Analysis of Multi-Storey Building
Structures using Conventional Slabs and Grid Slabs in
ETABS," aims to explore and contrast the structural
behaviour of two distinct slab types—conventional and
grid slabs—in the context of multi-storey buildings.
Employing the ETABS software for analysis and design,
the primary goal is to evaluate the efficiency of these
slabs within both symmetric and asymmetric building
layouts. The assessment encompasses a thorough
examination of floor slab performance under various
structural conditions, considering gravitational forces,
lateral forces, seismic activity, and wind forces. The
design of multi-storey buildings takes into account
factors such as dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and
seismic forces to understand their impact on structural
elements. The project involves creating a detailed multi-
storey building model in ETABS, exploring symmetric
and asymmetric configurations, and subjecting the
structure to diverse loads for testing. The analysis covers
key structural aspects, including displacements, bending
moments, shear forces, and internal stresses. A
comparative study is conducted between conventional
slabs, known for their simplicity and cost-effectiveness,
and grid slabs, which enhance structural efficiency
through the use of a grid of beams. Grid slabs offer
advantages such as reduced material usage, longer
spans, and improved load-bearing capacity. The primary
objective is to assess and compare the structural
performance of conventional and grid slabs, with a
specific focus on displacements, member forces, and
overall structural efficiency. The research also extends to
evaluating each slab type's performance under varying
loading scenarios. Based on the analysis results, the
project proceeds to design structural elements like
columns, beams, and slabs in compliance with relevant
building codes and standards, ensuring structural
integrity and safety. In conclusion, the project's findings
aim to provide valuable insights into the comparative
performance of conventional slabs and grid slabs in
multi-storey buildings. This information is intended to
assist engineers and architects in making informed
decisions when selecting suitable slab systems for
diverse building layouts.
The literature is reviewed from various sources includes
books, journals, notes, video lectures, codes etc. The
standards are established by the Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) are fundamental in the assessment of
the forces acting upon structures. In our research, we
have utilized the Indian standards (IS 456-2000)[1], (IS
1893-1, 2016)[2], (IS 875-1, 1987)[3] and (IS 875-2,
1987)[4] as key references when considering factors
associated with static and dynamic loads. Latha M.S,
Pratibha K(2020)[5] paper help me to understand
through there paper that the conventional slab
experiences the highest deflection in a regular structure,
while in irregular structures, the grid slab demonstrates
the greatest deflection. Additionally, in both regular and
irregular structures, story displacement is maximized in
the grid slab system and minimized in the conventional
slab. Maulin Patel and Abbas Jamani(2022)[6] generally
investigate on the Analysis and Design of a multi-storey
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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building for various slab configurations to analyze the
structural behavior of the building across different
seismic zones where they focused on evaluating
parameters such as Story Displacement, Story Drift, and
Shear Force using the ETABS software. Mr. K. Prabin
kumar, R. Sanjaynath(2018)[7] provides the basic
scenario on how to carry out the detail study of multi-
storey residential building in detail. In-depth research on
Grid Slabs and Flat Slabs is conducted by Mr. Y.K.Nikam
and Dr.H.S.Jadhav(2022)[8], their study provides
valuable guidance on how to appropriately employ these
slab types with respect to spans and structural
necessities, thus facilitating slab design alignment with
these crucial factors. Mr.Chintha Santosh, Mr. Vankatesh
Wadki(2016)[9] provides an extensive examination of
the utilization of grid slabs in multi-story buildings.
These grid floor systems comprise beams arranged
regularly in perpendicular orientations, creating a
monolithic structure with the slab. Usually, the
dimensions of the perpendicular beams remain constant.
In our project, we have opted for a diagonal beam grid
layout, and we will present a comprehensive insight into
our project's execution. Investigating the Dynamic
Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Mahek
H. Dholu, Pintu R. Senghani, and Narendra R.
Pokar(2020)[10] have explore Flat, Conventional, and
Grid Slabs under various plan configurations, including
Regular and Irregular layouts. The study employes
Response Spectrum and Time History analysis to
evaluate the influence of bracing. The primary focus of
Syed Abdul Qavi, Syed Khaleelullah Shah Quadri, and
Syed Farrukh Anwar(2019)[11] lies in conducting
Comparative Analysis and Design for Flat and Grid Slab
Systems, in contrast to the standard slab system. Their
research involves varying column spacing and grid sizes
to determine the most cost-effective approach to slab
design. A thorough investigation into flat, grid, and
conventional slabs is done by Abhijit K Sawwalakhe and
Prabodh D Pachpor(2021)[12], with the primary goal of
identifying the most budget-friendly option among the
grid slab, flat slab with a drop, and standard slab.
Anitha.K ,R.J Rinu Isah(2017)[13] priories detail study
on grid slab which help us in understanding the slab
design in detail. Mrunal .C. Lonare and Dr. P.
Nagarik(2022)[14] provides analysis under seismic
condition for flat slab and grid slab design consideration
where they analyses that the Storey shear and drift is
maximum at the bottom and minimum at the top of the
building. Anghan Jaimis, Mitan Kathrotiva(2012)[15]
have done study on comparison between Flat slab and
Grid slab where I am able to understand detail
considerations of parameters to be considered in the
study. Aradhna ganvir(2021)[16] study of flat slab with
finite element analysis by considering the factors
associated with the openings and without openings
which compared the results. Amit Sathawane and R.S.
Deotale(2021)[17] helps to understand the detail design
procedure to be followed while designing the flat and
grid slab along with the cost that is to be required for the
design.
2. Methods of analysis:
2.1. Static analysis: Static analysis is a crucial
technique within the realm of structural engineering,
aimed at evaluating how structures perform and remain
stable under different circumstances and applied forces.
Its primary goal is to verify that structures can withstand
gravitational forces, wind pressures, seismic activities,
and other external loads without experiencing excessive
stress or deformation. This evaluation is based on the
principles of equilibrium, where the total sum of forces
and moments acting on the structure must be zero to
maintain a static balance. Furthermore, static analysis
considers various loads such as dead loads, live loads,
wind loads, seismic forces, and temperature-induced
effects to calculate internal forces and structural
deformations.
2.2. Response spectrum analysis: Nonlinear
dynamic analysis stands as a crucial technique in
evaluating how a structure reacts to dynamic forces such
as earthquakes or powerful winds. In contrast to linear
analysis, which presupposes linear and elastic responses,
this method takes into account the nonlinear properties
of materials and structural components. The procedure
encompasses several pivotal stages. Initially, a three-
dimensional structural model is formulated through
specialized software, accurately capturing the geometry
and characteristics of the building.
2.3. Dynamic Analysis:
The assessment of how constructions respond to
dynamic forces such as earthquakes, wind pressures, or
vibrations induced by human activity is conducted
through the linear dynamic analysis of structures. The
goal is to assess the response of the structure concerning
movements, accelerations, and internal stresses.
Engineers create a mathematical model of the structure,
considering its dimensions, material properties, and
limitations, often utilizing finite element analysis.
3. Objectives:
The primary objectives of this project can be succinctly
delineated as follows:
• Develop designs for two multi-storey buildings (G+5)
employing two different plan configurations,
encompassing:
- Symmetrical multi-storey building design

- Asymmetrical multi-storey building design
• Conduct a thorough analysis and design for the
buildings, considering two distinct reinforced slab
options.
• Devise a design for Grid Slabs: Investigate and
formulate designs for grid slabs on specific floors within
the building. The project seeks to explore the feasibility
and advantages of incorporating grid slabs in the
proposed building design.
• Formulate a design for Conventional Slabs: Create a
design for standard floor structures in the multi-story
building, incorporating the findings from the analysis.
This involves determining the necessary reinforcement,
floor thickness, and other design parameters to ensure
that the floors can adequately withstand applied loads.
• Undertake Response Spectrum Analysis and compare
design aspects and configurations for all four building
models. Understand the positive and negative attributes
that guide the appropriate way of designing the
structure for different slab systems.
• Conduct a Comparative Study: Compare the structural
behaviour, construction feasibility, material
requirements, and cost implications of conventional slab
and grid slab systems. Analyse the pros and cons of each
system to ascertain their suitability for the given project.
• Evaluate Structural Performance: Examine the
structural integrity of the building under various loading
conditions, including gravitational and seismic forces.
Assess parameters such as story displacement, stress
distribution, story drift, and story shear to ensure
compliance with prescribed performance standards and
code requirements.
3.1. Software’s used in analysis:
ETABS 2019: The formidable software ETABS 2019,
developed by Computers and Structures, Inc. (CSI), is
dedicated to the examination and planning of structures.
ETABS, its abbreviation, represents "Extended Three-
dimensional Analysis of Building Systems." Structural
engineers extensively employ ETABS to assess, design,
and analyse diverse categories of buildings and
structures.
AutoCAD 2017: Autodesk's AutoCAD 2017, a product
in the field of computer-aided design (CAD), is
extensively employed across diverse industries such as
architecture, engineering, construction, and
manufacturing. This software introduces numerous
advancements and improvements aimed at boosting
design efficiency and productivity. AutoCAD 2017
specifically focuses on enhancing 2D drafting and
documentation capabilities, bringing forth significant
improvements in these aspects.
3.2. Types of Slab considerations:
Conventional Slab: A commonly used method for
constructing floors in the building industry is the
Conventional slab. This particular type of flooring
comprises reinforced concrete, providing a level and
secure surface for occupants while effectively supporting
the loads from the structure above. Essentially, the
Conventional slab is a vital element in a building's
structural framework, typically extending over
supporting beams or walls. Its main role is to adeptly
transfer various loads, including the inherent weight of
the slab (dead loads) and the fluctuating loads resulting
from occupancy, furniture, and other influences (live
loads), to the supporting elements beneath.
Grid Slab: A grid slab, also referred to as a waffle slab,
constitutes a specially engineered flooring or roofing
system crafted from reinforced concrete. Comprising an
arrangement of slender beams or ribs in a grid
configuration, this structural design serves the purpose
of efficiently distributing loads, offering a robust yet
lightweight framework with minimal utilization of
concrete and reinforcement. To put it simply, these grids
are architectural elements employed in spaces such as
theatres, auditoriums, lobbies, and showrooms that
require expansive open areas. Typically adopting square
or rectangular shapes on the ceiling, they are utilized for
installing various architectural lighting fixtures and
fulfilling other purposes. Engineered to cover extensive
areas without the need for additional columns, such grid
structures have found application in numerous locations
across India and other countries. When external forces
are exerted onto the grid's surface, it manifests as an
interconnected network of beams or bars forming the
structural grid.
4. Methodology:
4.1. Pathway followed for the analysis: The
objective of this study is to assess the performance of
multi-story reinforced concrete (R.C) frame structures,
investigating both symmetric and asymmetric floor
layouts. The ground floor has a height of 4m, while the
subsequent 1st to 5th storeys have a height of 3m for
both Symmetrical and Asymmetrical buildings. Four
distinct models will be generated based on the chosen
slab design type:
- Symmetrical building design with Conventional slab.
- Symmetrical building design with Grid slab.
- Asymmetrical building design with Conventional slab.

- Asymmetrical building design with Grid slab.
The frame structures underwent characterization, and
models were developed using E-tabs software. Various
load scenarios were considered during the analysis. The
static behaviour was determined by IS 875 Part I,
specifying the dead load, while IS 875 Part III dictated
the live load. Lateral forces were assessed following the
provisions of IS 1893 (Part 1) 2016.
Using Response Spectrum Analysis in E-tabs software,
three-dimensional reinforced concrete structures with
G+5 stories were analysed. The analysis focused on
studying the structural aspects of the buildings,
including Storey Shear, Storey Drift, Storey
Displacement, and Storey Shear.
4.2. Problem Statement of Symmetric &
Asymmetric shape Building Analysis:
The purpose of this project is to investigate two
structures comprising five stories each, characterized by
symmetrical and asymmetrical designs employing both
Conventional and Grid slab design approaches. In
accordance with section 5.1, four design models are
currently in preparation. The focal point of the analysis
revolves around evaluating Multi-storey R.C.C Buildings
utilizing E-tabs software in seismic zones II. The chosen
designs feature both symmetric and asymmetric forms.
While these designs do not represent an existing or
planned construction, they function as architectural
blueprints. The structure has undergone analysis to
evaluate its response to both static and dynamic seismic
forces.
4.3. 3D Model Views of Structure:
Fig.1. Symmetric shape of building using C.S.
Fig.2. Symmetric shape of building using G.S.
Fig.3. Asymmetric shape of building using C.S.
Fig.4. Asymmetric shape of building using G.S.

5. Results and discussions:
5.1. Shear Force Displacement visualization
due to Earthquake load:
Fig.5. Symmetric shape building using C.S.
Fig.6. Symmetric shape building using G.S.
Fig.7. Asymmetric shape building using C.S.
Fig.8. Asymmetric shape building using G.S.
5.1. Deflection diagram visualization due to
Earthquake load:
Fig.9. Symmetric shape building using C.S.
Fig.10. Asymmetric shape building using C.S.

Fig.11. Symmetric shape building using G.S.
Fig.12. Asymmetric shape building using G.S.
5.3. Storey Displacement:
 Comparison for Storey Dispacement RSX & RSY
between Conventional Slab design VS Grid Slab
design of Symmetrical shape multistorey
building model :
Graph.1. Storey Displacement RSX
Graph.2. Storey Displacement RSY
The visual depictions indicate that there is a lesser
percentage variation in Storey Displacement RSX and
RSY when dealing with a Symmetrical building in the
traditional slab design framework compared to the grid
slab design approach. To be specific, the difference is
around 20-25% (about 23.86%) for RSX and 25-30%
(roughly 28.26%) for RSY during the transition from the
conventional to the grid slab design.
between conventional slab design VS grid slab
design of Asymmetrical shape multistorey
building model :

In the previously shown charts, it is clear that the change
in percentage for Storey Displacement RSX and RSY in an
Asymmetrical building is less in the traditional slab
design model than in the grid slab design model. To be
more precise, there is a variation of around 20-30%
(roughly 25.81%) for RSX and 20-25% (approximately
22.25%) for RSY when moving from the conventional to
the grid slab design model.
between grid slab design of Symmetric building
model VS grid slab design of Asymmetrical shape
multistorey building model :
Examining the information provided in the table and
graph, it is clear that there is a noticeable decrease in the
percentage alteration of Storey Displacement RSX and
RSY when considering the Symmetric Grid slab design
model in contrast to the Asymmetric Grid slab design
model. More precisely, the fluctuation ranges from 1% to
10%, with RSX demonstrating an approximate change of
5.31%, and RSY exhibiting an approximate alteration of
4.76% when moving from the Symmetric Grid to the
Asymmetric Grid slab design model.
5.4. Storey Drift:
 Comparison for Storey Drift RSX & RSY between
conventional slab design VS grid slab design of
Symmetrical shape multistorey building model :
Graph.7. Storey Drift RSX

The charts depict a diminished percentage fluctuation in
Storey Drift RSX and RSY for the symmetrical structure
when employing the traditional slab design model
compared to the grid slab design model. The difference is
approximately 30-40% (around 32%) for RSX and 30-
40% (about 34%) for RSY when moving from the
conventional to the grid slab design.
Asymmetrical shape multistorey building model :
Graph.10. Storey Drift RSY
Analysing the charts presented earlier reveals that there
is a noticeable decrease in the percentage alteration of
Storey Drift RSX and RSY in the case of the Asymmetrical
building when using the traditional slab design model
compared to the grid slab design model. This difference
is approximately 8% for RSX and around 29% for RSY
when transitioning from the conventional to the grid
slab design model.
grid slab design of Symmetric building model VS
grid slab design of Asymmetrical shape
multistorey building model :

Based on the table and chart presented earlier, it is
evident that the percentage change in Storey Drift RSX
and RSY is lower in the Symmetric Grid slab design
model compared to the Asymmetric Grid slab design
model. The observed difference is approximately 7.28%
for RSX and 6.35% for RSY when comparing the
Symmetric Grid slab design model with the Asymmetric
Grid slab design model.
5.5. Storey Shear:
 Comparison for Storey Shear RSX & RSY between
Symmetrical shape multistorey building model :
Graph.13. Storey Shear RSX
Graph.14. Storey Shear RSY
The visual depictions unmistakably show that the
variation in Storey Shear RSX and RSY percentages is
more conspicuous in a symmetrical building's
conventional slab design model as opposed to the grid
slab design model. Precisely, there is an alteration of
about 34% in RSX and roughly 40% in RSY when shifting
from the conventional to the grid slab design model.
 Comparison for Storey Shear RSX & RSY between
Asymmetrical shape multistorey building model
:
Graph.15. Storey Shear RSX.

Graph.16. Storey Shear RSY.
Based on the visual depiction above, it is evident that the
percentage difference in Storey Shear RSX and RSY for an
Asymmetrical building is higher in the conventional slab
design model compared to the grid slab design model.
The observed fluctuation is approximately 40-50%
(around 42%) for RSX and 40-50% (approximately 44%)
for RSY when transitioning from a conventional to a grid
slab design model.
5.6. Moments on beams:
• Analysis of moment distribution on beams in a building
with a Symmetric shape and a Conventional slab (G+5)
reveals that the maximum moment for this structural
configuration is approximately 14.587 kilonewton-
meters.
• Evaluating moment distribution on beams in a
Symmetric shape building with a Grid slab (G+5)
indicates that the maximum moment for this type of
structure is approximately 10.40 kilonewton-meters.
• Investigation into moment distribution on beams in an
Asymmetric shape building with a Conventional slab
(G+5) demonstrates that the maximum moment for this
architectural design is approximately 12.08 kilonewton-
meters.
• Examining moment distribution on beams in an
Asymmetric shape building with a Grid slab (G+5)
illustrates that the maximum moment for this specific
structure is approximately 7.22 kilonewton-meters.
6. Summary:
 The research project titled 'Analysis and Design
of Multi-Storey Buildings with Conventional and
associated with structural analysis and design
rid Slab Systems in ETABS' provides a
comprehensive overview of key elements for
multi-storey structures. This encompasses the
integration of both conventional and grid slab
methodologies, facilitated through the use of
the ETABS software.
 Outlined the study's objectives, underscoring
the importance of structural analysis and design
in the context of multi-storey buildings.
Emphasized the pivotal role played by the
ETABS software throughout the entire process.
 Conducted an in-depth examination of existing
literature and research on structural analysis
and design techniques applicable to multi-storey
buildings, with a specific focus on conventional
and grid slab systems. Evaluated the pros and
cons of each system, referencing prior studies
leveraging the capabilities of ETABS.
 Clarified the study's methodology, delineating
the criteria for selecting multi-storey buildings,
factors taken into account, and the procedural
aspects of the analysis and design process.
Expounded on the involvement of the ETABS
software in modeling, analyzing, and designing.
 Provided a step-by-step account of creating the
structural model for multi-storey buildings in
ETABS, encompassing tasks like defining
structural geometry, assigning material
properties, specifying loading conditions, and
applying constraints.
 Utilized ETABS for structural analysis,
considering diverse load scenarios such as dead
loads, live loads, wind loads, and seismic loads.
Evaluated structural performance with a focus
on deflections, internal forces, and stability.
 Executed the design phase for chosen slab
systems (conventional and grid slabs) based on
analysis results from ETABS. This involved
determining necessary reinforcement for each
slab component, including beams and columns,
while adhering to applicable design codes and
standards.
 Scrutinized the study's outcomes, evaluating the
efficacy of ETABS in the structural analysis and
design of multi-storey buildings utilizing
conventional and grid slab systems.
Additionally, presented detailed findings, drew
conclusions, and proposed potential avenues for
future research or enhancements in the design
process.

7. Conclusion:
In the conclusion, it is evident that static analysis alone is
insufficient for high-rise building structures,
necessitating dynamic analysis. Proportional static
assessments often lead to economically unfavorable
results due to higher displacement estimates compared
to dynamic investigations. The study's key findings can
be summarized as follows:
1. Storey Displacement:
Comparison between conventional slab and grid slab
designs for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical building
models reveals that the conventional slab design model
exhibits lower storey displacement than the grid slab
design model. Further analysis of grid slab design
shows that Symmetrical building models experience
less storey displacement than their Asymmetrical
counterparts.
2. Storey Drift:
When comparing conventional slab and grid slab
designs for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical building
models, it is evident that the conventional slab design
model has less storey drift than the grid slab design
model. Additionally, the study highlights that
Symmetrical building models using grid slab design
have less storey drift than their Asymmetrical
counterparts.
3. Storey Shear:
Comparative analysis between conventional slab and
grid slab designs for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical
building models demonstrates that the conventional
slab design model has less storey shear than the grid
slab design model. Examining grid slab design further
reveals that Symmetrical building models experience
less storey shear than their Asymmetrical
counterparts. Compliance with earthquake-resistant
design standards (IS 1893(Part 1): 2016) favours the
conventional slab design approach over the grid slab
design method for both symmetrically and
asymmetrically shaped buildings.
4. Additional Insights:
Grid slabs require a significantly larger amount of
concrete and steel compared to traditional slab
construction. Concrete volume increases with the span
or grid size of structures, even with the same slab
system. Conventional slabs are preferable for
residential and compact span constructions, while grid
slabs are chosen for larger span structures like
shopping malls, auditoriums, and grand halls to
enhance architectural elegance. Future research
directions involve implementing structural
optimization algorithms to improve cost-efficiency in
structural engineering, considering slab properties
regardless of symmetry or asymmetry.
Acknowledgment:
The paper’s author express gratitude to the management
and Administrative office of KJ College of Engineering
and management Research, Pisoli, Pune for their
valuable coordination throughout the project.
Additionally, the primary author extends appreciation to
the second author for their unwavering guidance and
support.
Author’s contribution:
The A has done research on the project and have written
the research paper under the guidance of B and
reviewed by B.
Declaration:
Declaration of No Conflicts of Interest: As far as the
authors are aware, the work was carried out with equal
input from each of them. Consequently, we assert that
there are no conflicts of interest among the authors.
References:
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Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, is an
essential document published by the Bureau of
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https://www.cracindia.in/admin/uploads/I
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