This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
IRJET - An Experimental Investigation of Paver Block by using Coconut Fib...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using coconut fiber as a partial replacement for cement in paver blocks. Coconut fiber was added at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% replacement by weight of cement. Paver blocks were cast and tested for compressive strength after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that compressive strength increased with the addition of coconut fiber up to 0.3% replacement, with the highest strength achieved at 0.4% replacement. Literature on previous studies on using natural fibers like coconut fiber in concrete was also reviewed, showing improvements to properties like compressive strength and flexural strength with fiber addition.
Experimental study was conducted to investigate the use of coir fiber as reinforcement in cement composites. Coir fiber was treated with natural latex before being added to concrete in lengths of 20mm, 25mm, and 30mm at percentages of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. Compressive strength tests at 7, 14, and 28 days showed that strength initially increased up to 0.75% fiber content and then decreased. The maximum compressive strength was achieved using 25mm fiber at 0.75% addition. The study concluded that coir fiber improves concrete properties and resistance to sulphate attack while reducing environmental pollution compared to synthetic fibers.
Experimental Investigation on Properties Concrete Paver Block with the Inclus...IJERA Editor
In this experimental investigation the compressive strength, water absorption and flexural strength of paver
blocks were determined by adding Coconut fibers in the top 20mm thickness. Coconut fibers were added in
proportions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% in volume of concrete. The compressive strength, flexural
strength and water absorption were determined at the end of 7 and 28 days. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber by 0.3% paver block attains maximum compressive strength. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber gradually increases flexural strengths and water absorption at 7 and 28 days. In this investigation
at 0.3% of coconut fiber content effect of top layer thickness on compressive strength and flexural strength is
also determined. Results show that inclusion of fibers even up to 50% of top layer thickness compressive and
flexural strengths are increasing. The paper also shows the cost comparison per each block.
IRJET- Review on Stabilization of Soil using Coconut Coir FibreIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on stabilizing soil using coconut coir fiber. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with 0-3% coconut coir fiber additions to evaluate properties like California Bearing Ratio, Unconfined Compressive Strength, Optimum Moisture Content, and Maximum Dry Density. Results showed that engineering properties like strength and bearing capacity improved with coconut coir fiber content up to 1%. Coconut coir fiber is a low-cost agricultural waste that can effectively stabilize weak soils and improve their engineering performance for construction applications.
IRJET- Effect of Mercerization of Mechanical Behavior of Banana Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the effect of mercerization (treatment with sodium hydroxide solution) on the mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two sets of composites were fabricated - one with untreated banana fiber and one with banana fiber treated with NaOH solution. Composites containing 3-15% fiber by weight were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact energy. The research aims to study how fiber treatment and fiber content affect mechanical properties.
IRJET-Experimental Investigation on Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete f...IRJET Journal
1. An experimental study investigated the effect of adding polypropylene fibers in percentages from 0.5% to 2% on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete with an M40 mix.
2. Testing at 7 and 28 days found that compressive strength and split tensile strength initially increased with fiber content up to 1.5%, but then decreased with 2% fiber content. The highest strengths were achieved with 1.5% polypropylene fibers.
3. Linear regression analysis produced equations to calculate the compressive strength and split tensile strength for any fiber percentage between 0.5-2%. The study found that polypropylene fibers reduce shrink
IRJET- A Study based on Combination of Coconut Fibre and Human Hair Mixed wit...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study that examines using a combination of coconut fibers and human hair mixed into concrete. The study aims to determine the effect on compressive and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days with 1%, 2%, and 3% replacement of cement. Previous research found that coconut fibers and human hair can increase concrete strength up to a point, but further addition leads to decreased strength. The current study mixes coconut fibers and human hair together to potentially increase strength while reducing environmental waste from these materials. Experimental results will determine the optimal fiber mixture and percentages.
IRJET- Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Addition of Polypropylen...IRJET Journal
This study examined the effect of adding polypropylene fiber on the compressive strength of concrete mixtures with an M20 grade. Concrete cubes were made with polypropylene fiber contents ranging from 0% to 2% and tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. The optimum fiber content was found to be 0.5%, resulting in a 24.05 MPa compressive strength at 28 days, a 14% increase over the plain concrete mixture. While higher fiber contents decreased workability and compressive strength, the failure mode of fiber-reinforced concrete was found to be more ductile compared to plain concrete.
IRJET - An Experimental Investigation of Paver Block by using Coconut Fib...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using coconut fiber as a partial replacement for cement in paver blocks. Coconut fiber was added at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% replacement by weight of cement. Paver blocks were cast and tested for compressive strength after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that compressive strength increased with the addition of coconut fiber up to 0.3% replacement, with the highest strength achieved at 0.4% replacement. Literature on previous studies on using natural fibers like coconut fiber in concrete was also reviewed, showing improvements to properties like compressive strength and flexural strength with fiber addition.
Experimental study was conducted to investigate the use of coir fiber as reinforcement in cement composites. Coir fiber was treated with natural latex before being added to concrete in lengths of 20mm, 25mm, and 30mm at percentages of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%. Compressive strength tests at 7, 14, and 28 days showed that strength initially increased up to 0.75% fiber content and then decreased. The maximum compressive strength was achieved using 25mm fiber at 0.75% addition. The study concluded that coir fiber improves concrete properties and resistance to sulphate attack while reducing environmental pollution compared to synthetic fibers.
Experimental Investigation on Properties Concrete Paver Block with the Inclus...IJERA Editor
In this experimental investigation the compressive strength, water absorption and flexural strength of paver
blocks were determined by adding Coconut fibers in the top 20mm thickness. Coconut fibers were added in
proportions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% in volume of concrete. The compressive strength, flexural
strength and water absorption were determined at the end of 7 and 28 days. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber by 0.3% paver block attains maximum compressive strength. Test results indicate that addition of
coconut fiber gradually increases flexural strengths and water absorption at 7 and 28 days. In this investigation
at 0.3% of coconut fiber content effect of top layer thickness on compressive strength and flexural strength is
also determined. Results show that inclusion of fibers even up to 50% of top layer thickness compressive and
flexural strengths are increasing. The paper also shows the cost comparison per each block.
IRJET- Review on Stabilization of Soil using Coconut Coir FibreIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on stabilizing soil using coconut coir fiber. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with 0-3% coconut coir fiber additions to evaluate properties like California Bearing Ratio, Unconfined Compressive Strength, Optimum Moisture Content, and Maximum Dry Density. Results showed that engineering properties like strength and bearing capacity improved with coconut coir fiber content up to 1%. Coconut coir fiber is a low-cost agricultural waste that can effectively stabilize weak soils and improve their engineering performance for construction applications.
IRJET- Effect of Mercerization of Mechanical Behavior of Banana Fiber Reinfor...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the effect of mercerization (treatment with sodium hydroxide solution) on the mechanical properties of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Two sets of composites were fabricated - one with untreated banana fiber and one with banana fiber treated with NaOH solution. Composites containing 3-15% fiber by weight were tested for tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact energy. The research aims to study how fiber treatment and fiber content affect mechanical properties.
IRJET-Experimental Investigation on Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete f...IRJET Journal
1. An experimental study investigated the effect of adding polypropylene fibers in percentages from 0.5% to 2% on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete with an M40 mix.
2. Testing at 7 and 28 days found that compressive strength and split tensile strength initially increased with fiber content up to 1.5%, but then decreased with 2% fiber content. The highest strengths were achieved with 1.5% polypropylene fibers.
3. Linear regression analysis produced equations to calculate the compressive strength and split tensile strength for any fiber percentage between 0.5-2%. The study found that polypropylene fibers reduce shrink
IRJET- A Study based on Combination of Coconut Fibre and Human Hair Mixed wit...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study that examines using a combination of coconut fibers and human hair mixed into concrete. The study aims to determine the effect on compressive and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days with 1%, 2%, and 3% replacement of cement. Previous research found that coconut fibers and human hair can increase concrete strength up to a point, but further addition leads to decreased strength. The current study mixes coconut fibers and human hair together to potentially increase strength while reducing environmental waste from these materials. Experimental results will determine the optimal fiber mixture and percentages.
IRJET- Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Addition of Polypropylen...IRJET Journal
This study examined the effect of adding polypropylene fiber on the compressive strength of concrete mixtures with an M20 grade. Concrete cubes were made with polypropylene fiber contents ranging from 0% to 2% and tested for compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. The optimum fiber content was found to be 0.5%, resulting in a 24.05 MPa compressive strength at 28 days, a 14% increase over the plain concrete mixture. While higher fiber contents decreased workability and compressive strength, the failure mode of fiber-reinforced concrete was found to be more ductile compared to plain concrete.
Effect of fiber length on the mechanical properties of palf reinforced bisphe...IAEME Publication
The document discusses a study on the effect of fiber length on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced bisphenol composites. PALF fibers of lengths 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, and 12mm were used to reinforce bisphenol composites. Testing showed that the composite with 9mm length fibers had the highest tensile strength of 36.36MPa and flexural strength of 132.62MPa, while the composite with 6mm fibers had the highest impact strength of 3.2KJ/m2. In general, the results indicated that fiber length significantly influences the tensile properties of reinforced composites, with 9mm fibers producing the best results.
The document summarizes research into the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibers. Specifically, it examines the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete samples containing 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% polypropylene fibers by weight of cement. Testing occurred at 7, 28, and 56 days. The results showed that samples with 0.75% fibers performed best, with up to a 14% increase in split tensile strength and 23% increase in flexural strength compared to normal concrete. In conclusion, the addition of 0.75% polypropylene fibers produced the maximum increase in strength properties of the concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of E-Glass and Kenaf Fibre with Epoxy R...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of hybrid composites made from E-glass fibers, kenaf fibers, and epoxy resin. Specifically:
- Kenaf/fiber glass hybrid composites were manufactured using hand layup with varying fiber contents and the composites were tested for mechanical properties.
- The mechanical properties tested included compression strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption in sea water and distilled water.
- The results showed that the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites, such as compression and flexural strength, increased with fiber content up to 30% before leveling off or decreasing. Maximum impact strength was also found at 30% fiber content.
-
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Natural Fiber Reinforced ConcreteIRJET Journal
1. The document experimentally investigates the effects of adding coconut and jute fibers on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete, including compressive, split, and flexural strength using 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% fiber content.
2. Testing found that 0.5% jute fiber content provided the highest compressive strength increase of 11.27% over normal concrete, while 0.5% coconut fiber provided the highest flexural and split tensile strength increases of 60.36% and 22.62%, respectively.
3. In general, the study showed that small additions of around 0.5% coconut or jute fiber can increase the overall strength properties of concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Studies on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Co...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the mechanical properties of concrete using coconut coir fibres. M30 grade concrete was produced with coconut coir fibre additions of 0-4% by weight of cement. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and tensile strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that compressive and tensile strength increased up to 2% coir fibre content, reaching maximum strengths of 40.53 MPa and 48.63 MPa respectively, but decreased beyond 2% due to workability issues. The study aims to evaluate coconut coir fibre as a low-cost and environmentally friendly concrete additive.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Bagasse Fibers Reinforced with Epoxy...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical properties of hemp-bagasse fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Composite laminates were fabricated using hemp, bagasse, and E-glass fibers in epoxy resin. The fibers were treated with alkali before being incorporated into laminates at 10% and 20% volume fractions using hand layup. Tensile, flexural, and hardness tests were conducted according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the 10% volume fraction laminate had higher ultimate tensile strength of 42MPa and the 20% fraction had higher flexural strength of 77.9MPa. Hardness was also evaluated. The study demonstrated that hybrid natural fiber composites can
Comparative Study on Strength Property of Fibre Reinforced Concrete using GI,...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the strength properties of fibre reinforced concrete using coconut, glass, and galvanized iron (GI) fibres. Preliminary tests were conducted on the materials used, including cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, GI fibres, coconut fibres, and glass fibres. A mix design for M25 grade concrete was developed. Concrete cubes and cylinders containing 1% fibre by volume were tested to determine their compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. The test results were compared to analyze how the different fibre types affect the strength properties of concrete. Previous research that also studied the use of these fibre types is reviewed.
IRJET- A Review on Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on Conc...IRJET Journal
The document reviews experimental analysis of using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Previous research has found that adding PET fibers in amounts up to 3% can increase the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete. However, workability may decrease due to poor bonding with the cement paste. The document summarizes several studies that have examined how PET fiber content affects strength properties at different curing periods. Overall, the literature suggests PET fibers can make concrete more economical and durable while also reducing plastic waste.
IRJET- Study of Strength of Concrete using Areca Fiber and Tile Powder as Add...IRJET Journal
The document studies the use of areca fiber and tile powder as additives to concrete to improve strength properties and utilize waste materials. Concrete cubes, cylinders and beams were prepared with 0-3% additions of areca fiber and 30% replacement of cement with tile powder. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests at 28 days showed strength increases as fiber content increased, with 3% fiber concrete achieving the highest strengths - 29.44 MPa compression, 3.56 MPa tension and 6.9 MPa flexure. The study demonstrates the potential of using agricultural and construction waste materials like areca fiber and tile powder to create more sustainable and stronger concrete.
IRJET - 7Effect of Natural Fibre on the Strength Properties of ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document discusses the effects of adding natural fibers like coir and kenaf to concrete mixtures on the strength properties of the concrete. It describes an experimental study where concrete mixtures were prepared with different volume fractions of coir fiber, kenaf fiber, and hybrid mixtures of both. The results showed that concrete with 0.3% coir fiber content exhibited the highest compressive strength of 38.12 MPa, over 70% greater than the control mixture. Concrete with 0.75% kenaf fiber content showed the best mechanical properties overall. Additionally, a hybrid mixture with 0.45% kenaf and 0.3% coir fibers increased flexural strength by 36%, split tensile strength by 27%,
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EFFECT OF FIBER LENGTH ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PALF REINFORCED BISPHE...IAEME Publication
The document discusses the effect of fiber length on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced bisphenol composites. PALF of lengths 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, and 12mm were used as reinforcement. Testing found the highest tensile strength of 36.36 MPa and flexural strength of 132.62 MPa for the 9mm fiber length composite. The highest impact strength of 3.2 kJ/m^2 was obtained for the 6mm fiber length composite. In general, fiber length significantly influenced the tensile and flexural properties, with strengths increasing up to 9mm fiber length and then decreasing for 12mm length.
This document discusses chemically treated coir fiber reinforced concrete. It begins with an abstract that outlines adding coir fiber to concrete to improve tensile and flexural properties in a sustainable way. It then describes the materials and methodology used. Coir fibers were chemically treated using a 1N sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours before being dried and mixed into concrete at ratios of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight of cement. Common tests on the cement, aggregates, and treated fiber concrete mixtures are discussed to evaluate properties like compressive strength.
This document discusses chemically treated coir fiber reinforced concrete. It begins with an abstract that outlines adding coir fiber to concrete to improve tensile and flexural properties in a sustainable way. It then describes the materials and methodology used. Coir fibers were chemically treated using a 1N sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours before being dried and mixed into concrete at ratios of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight of cement. Common tests on the cement, aggregates, and treated fiber concrete mixtures are discussed to evaluate properties like compressive strength.
IRJET- Utilization & Effects of Crown Caps on Strength Properties of Conc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing crown caps from beverage containers to improve the strength properties of concrete. The researchers conducted experiments adding crown caps as fiber reinforcement to concrete mixtures at 1% by weight. Their results showed that concrete blocks with added steel powder from crown caps increased compressive strength by 41.25% and tensile strength by 40.81% compared to normal concrete. Additionally, concrete specimens with added crown caps exhibited a 25.88% increase in flexural strength. The study demonstrates that waste crown caps can effectively be used as fiber reinforcement to strengthen concrete structures in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner.
IRJET- Utilization & Effects of Crown Caps on Strength Properties of Conc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing crown caps from beverage containers to improve the strength properties of concrete. The researchers conducted experiments adding crown caps as fiber reinforcement to concrete mixtures at 1% by weight. Tests found the concrete blocks with crown caps had a 25.88% increase in flexural strength compared to normal concrete. Additionally, other studies reviewed found fiber reinforcement can increase the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete. The utilization of waste crown caps in concrete is proposed as a way to improve strength properties while providing an environmentally friendly use for an industrial waste material.
1) The study investigated the effect of short coir fiber reinforcement on the flexural properties of polymer composites at varying fiber weight percentages (5-25%) and thicknesses (3-5mm).
2) Testing found that flexural strength and elongation increased with fiber content up to 20% reinforcement, but then decreased at 25%. The 20% reinforced 4mm thick composite exhibited the highest flexural strength and elongation.
3) Increasing fiber content improved bonding between the coir and polymer matrix, while higher contents led to more porosity and weaker properties. Coir was shown to be an effective and lightweight reinforcement for polymer composites.
Strength Characteristics of Coconut Fiber reinforced concreteIRJET Journal
This study investigated the strength properties of coconut fiber reinforced concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were produced with 0-5% coconut fiber replacement of cement by weight. Testing found that workability decreased as fiber content increased. Compressive strength was highest with 1-2% fiber content, though all fiber mixes were weaker than plain concrete at 7 days. At 28 days, 1-2% mixes approached plain concrete strength. Split tensile strength followed a similar trend, with 1-2% mixes performing closest to plain concrete at 28 days. The study demonstrated that coconut fiber can improve some mechanical properties of concrete at low replacement ratios.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER ORIENTATION ON PALF REINFORCED BISPHENOL COMP...IAEME Publication
The main advantage of a composite material over conventional material like a monolithic metal is the
combination of different properties which are seldom found in the conventional material. In recent years natural fibers
appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and
nonrenewable synthetic fiber. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement
in thermoset composite. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of PALF reinforced Bisphenol composite and explores the potential of using PALF as reinforcing
material.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Natural Fiber Reinforced ConcreteIRJET Journal
1. The document experimentally investigates the effects of adding coconut and jute fibers on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete, including compressive, split, and flexural strength using 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% fiber content.
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This document summarizes an experimental study on the mechanical properties of concrete using coconut coir fibres. M30 grade concrete was produced with coconut coir fibre additions of 0-4% by weight of cement. Cubes and cylinders were cast and tested for compressive and tensile strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results showed that compressive and tensile strength increased up to 2% coir fibre content, reaching maximum strengths of 40.53 MPa and 48.63 MPa respectively, but decreased beyond 2% due to workability issues. The study aims to evaluate coconut coir fibre as a low-cost and environmentally friendly concrete additive.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Bagasse Fibers Reinforced with Epoxy...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical properties of hemp-bagasse fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Composite laminates were fabricated using hemp, bagasse, and E-glass fibers in epoxy resin. The fibers were treated with alkali before being incorporated into laminates at 10% and 20% volume fractions using hand layup. Tensile, flexural, and hardness tests were conducted according to ASTM standards. The results showed that the 10% volume fraction laminate had higher ultimate tensile strength of 42MPa and the 20% fraction had higher flexural strength of 77.9MPa. Hardness was also evaluated. The study demonstrated that hybrid natural fiber composites can
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This document presents a comparative study on the strength properties of fibre reinforced concrete using coconut, glass, and galvanized iron (GI) fibres. Preliminary tests were conducted on the materials used, including cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, GI fibres, coconut fibres, and glass fibres. A mix design for M25 grade concrete was developed. Concrete cubes and cylinders containing 1% fibre by volume were tested to determine their compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths. The test results were compared to analyze how the different fibre types affect the strength properties of concrete. Previous research that also studied the use of these fibre types is reviewed.
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The document reviews experimental analysis of using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Previous research has found that adding PET fibers in amounts up to 3% can increase the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete. However, workability may decrease due to poor bonding with the cement paste. The document summarizes several studies that have examined how PET fiber content affects strength properties at different curing periods. Overall, the literature suggests PET fibers can make concrete more economical and durable while also reducing plastic waste.
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The document discusses the effects of adding natural fibers like coir and kenaf to concrete mixtures on the strength properties of the concrete. It describes an experimental study where concrete mixtures were prepared with different volume fractions of coir fiber, kenaf fiber, and hybrid mixtures of both. The results showed that concrete with 0.3% coir fiber content exhibited the highest compressive strength of 38.12 MPa, over 70% greater than the control mixture. Concrete with 0.75% kenaf fiber content showed the best mechanical properties overall. Additionally, a hybrid mixture with 0.45% kenaf and 0.3% coir fibers increased flexural strength by 36%, split tensile strength by 27%,
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EFFECT OF FIBER LENGTH ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PALF REINFORCED BISPHE...IAEME Publication
The document discusses the effect of fiber length on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced bisphenol composites. PALF of lengths 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, and 12mm were used as reinforcement. Testing found the highest tensile strength of 36.36 MPa and flexural strength of 132.62 MPa for the 9mm fiber length composite. The highest impact strength of 3.2 kJ/m^2 was obtained for the 6mm fiber length composite. In general, fiber length significantly influenced the tensile and flexural properties, with strengths increasing up to 9mm fiber length and then decreasing for 12mm length.
This document discusses chemically treated coir fiber reinforced concrete. It begins with an abstract that outlines adding coir fiber to concrete to improve tensile and flexural properties in a sustainable way. It then describes the materials and methodology used. Coir fibers were chemically treated using a 1N sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours before being dried and mixed into concrete at ratios of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight of cement. Common tests on the cement, aggregates, and treated fiber concrete mixtures are discussed to evaluate properties like compressive strength.
This document discusses chemically treated coir fiber reinforced concrete. It begins with an abstract that outlines adding coir fiber to concrete to improve tensile and flexural properties in a sustainable way. It then describes the materials and methodology used. Coir fibers were chemically treated using a 1N sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours before being dried and mixed into concrete at ratios of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight of cement. Common tests on the cement, aggregates, and treated fiber concrete mixtures are discussed to evaluate properties like compressive strength.
IRJET- Utilization & Effects of Crown Caps on Strength Properties of Conc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing crown caps from beverage containers to improve the strength properties of concrete. The researchers conducted experiments adding crown caps as fiber reinforcement to concrete mixtures at 1% by weight. Their results showed that concrete blocks with added steel powder from crown caps increased compressive strength by 41.25% and tensile strength by 40.81% compared to normal concrete. Additionally, concrete specimens with added crown caps exhibited a 25.88% increase in flexural strength. The study demonstrates that waste crown caps can effectively be used as fiber reinforcement to strengthen concrete structures in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner.
IRJET- Utilization & Effects of Crown Caps on Strength Properties of Conc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on utilizing crown caps from beverage containers to improve the strength properties of concrete. The researchers conducted experiments adding crown caps as fiber reinforcement to concrete mixtures at 1% by weight. Tests found the concrete blocks with crown caps had a 25.88% increase in flexural strength compared to normal concrete. Additionally, other studies reviewed found fiber reinforcement can increase the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete. The utilization of waste crown caps in concrete is proposed as a way to improve strength properties while providing an environmentally friendly use for an industrial waste material.
1) The study investigated the effect of short coir fiber reinforcement on the flexural properties of polymer composites at varying fiber weight percentages (5-25%) and thicknesses (3-5mm).
2) Testing found that flexural strength and elongation increased with fiber content up to 20% reinforcement, but then decreased at 25%. The 20% reinforced 4mm thick composite exhibited the highest flexural strength and elongation.
3) Increasing fiber content improved bonding between the coir and polymer matrix, while higher contents led to more porosity and weaker properties. Coir was shown to be an effective and lightweight reinforcement for polymer composites.
Strength Characteristics of Coconut Fiber reinforced concreteIRJET Journal
This study investigated the strength properties of coconut fiber reinforced concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were produced with 0-5% coconut fiber replacement of cement by weight. Testing found that workability decreased as fiber content increased. Compressive strength was highest with 1-2% fiber content, though all fiber mixes were weaker than plain concrete at 7 days. At 28 days, 1-2% mixes approached plain concrete strength. Split tensile strength followed a similar trend, with 1-2% mixes performing closest to plain concrete at 28 days. The study demonstrated that coconut fiber can improve some mechanical properties of concrete at low replacement ratios.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER ORIENTATION ON PALF REINFORCED BISPHENOL COMP...IAEME Publication
The main advantage of a composite material over conventional material like a monolithic metal is the
combination of different properties which are seldom found in the conventional material. In recent years natural fibers
appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and
nonrenewable synthetic fiber. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement
in thermoset composite. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical properties of PALF reinforced Bisphenol composite and explores the potential of using PALF as reinforcing
material.
Similar to A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE. (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant CoefficientsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses methods for finding the solutions to linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines such an equation and explains that the complete solution is the combination of the complementary function (C.F.) and particular integral (P.I.).
2) Various methods are presented for determining the C.F. depending on whether the roots of the auxiliary equation are real, imaginary, repeated, etc.
3) Rules are provided for obtaining the P.I. based on the type of function involved (exponential, trigonometric, power, etc.). Examples are worked through to demonstrate the full solution process.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
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Here's where you can reach us : ijcnc@airccse.org or ijcnc@aircconline.com
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.