This document provides a literature review on seismic analysis of old masonry buildings using the equivalent static method. It summarizes 15 previous research papers on topics like visual assessment methods for masonry structures, analytical studies of masonry structures under seismic conditions, low-cost earthquake resistant construction methods, seismic performance analysis of heritage masonry buildings, experimental determination of mechanical properties of masonry walls, and homogenization techniques for masonry building analysis. The document aims to provide background research for analyzing the seismic performance of an old masonry palace in Bhopal, India called Chaman Mahal using the equivalent static method outlined in the Indian code IS 1893:2002.
IRJET- Review Paper on Convincement based Seismic Design of Open Ground Store...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the seismic design of open ground storey framed buildings. It discusses how open ground storey buildings are vulnerable in earthquakes due to soft-storey behavior. The document reviews various studies on seismic analysis of irregular buildings using software like ETABS. It is proposed to conduct time history analysis of multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings considering mass irregularity at different floor levels to understand seismic response. The conclusion discusses how seismic analysis is important for structures and how responses can be reduced by adding shear walls or base isolation.
Performance Levels of RC Structures by Non-Linear Pushover AnalysisIJERA Editor
In the recent earthquakes in which many concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed, have indicated the need for evaluating the seismic adequacy of existing buildings. About 60% of the land area of our country is susceptible to damaging levels of seismic hazard. We can’t avoid future earthquakes, but preparedness and safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the extent of damage and loss. In order to strengthen and resist the buildings for future earthquakes, the behavior of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and geometry. The nonlinear pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The weak zones in the structure can be examined by conducting this push over analysis and then it will be decided whether the particular part is to be retrofitted or rehabilitated according to the requirement. This method determines the base shear capacity of the building and performance levels of each part of building under varying intensity of seismic force. The results of effects of different plan on seismic response of buildings have been presented in terms of displacement, base shear and plastic hinge pattern
IRJET- A Study on Effect of LRB Isolators on Varying Height of Rectangula...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of using lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolators on structures of varying heights when subjected to seismic activity. Non-linear time history analyses were conducted on 4, 10, 15, and 20-story rectangular reinforced concrete structures both with and without LRB isolators. The results showed that using LRB isolators significantly reduced story rotation, acceleration, displacement, and drift across all building heights compared to fixed-base structures. Additionally, LRB isolators increased the natural period of the structures, which decreased the lateral forces experienced. In conclusion, seismic isolation through the use of LRB isolators improved the performance of structures and was more effective at mitigating earthquake effects in taller buildings.
IRJET- Comparative Study & Seismic Anyalysis of Regular and Irregular Geometr...IRJET Journal
This study compares the seismic analysis of regular and irregular high-rise buildings in different seismic zones of India. Finite element software will be used to model and analyze a 10-story regular and irregular building subjected to different seismic zones. Results like deflections, axial forces, and moments will be compared to understand how seismic zone and building geometry affect structural response. The aim is to help improve earthquake-resistant design of high-rise buildings.
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of infill wall stiffness variations on the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings under seismic demands. The study models a 5-story reinforced concrete building located in seismic zone III of Nasik City, India, with and without considering the stiffness of infill walls. Static analysis using the equivalent lateral force method and dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method are performed and results such as base shear, fundamental time period, and story shear are compared. The goal is to better understand how accounting for the stiffness of infill walls affects the performance of reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes.
Seismic Evaluation of Multi-storeyed Buildings On Plain Ground And Curve Slop...IJSRD
Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. Buildings on hill slopes differ in a way from other buildings. The soft storeies are typical feature in modern constructions specially in seismic areas which has been experience by the previous studies and past earthquakes. Due to verious type of structures on sloped ground structures are comes under irregularity and asymmetricity. Structures on slope leads to seismic cases.The damages to the structures are determined and acceptable safety can be provided. The linear-elastic analysis is not adequate in highly seismic areas. Thus for the design of building in seimic areas and sloped areas inelastic procedure is used. In the present dissertation work, 3D analytical model of eleven storeyed buildings on plain and curved ground have been generated. Models are analyze using ‘‘ETABSâ€Âto get the behavior of structure due to change in column height in ground story due to curved sloped ground. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of infill, concrete shear wall and concrete core wall during earthquake, seismic analysis using both elastic and inelastic method of analyses i.e., linear static (equivalent static method), linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The deflections at each storey level has been compared by performing equivalent static method, response spectrum method. Storey drifts are within the permissible limit given for linear static and linear dynamic method. Again contrary to common practice, the presence of masonry infills, concrete shear and concrete core wall may affect the overall behavior of structure while subjected to earthquake forces.
Chronological construction sequence effects on reinforced concrete and steel ...Yousuf Dinar
Building structures are analyzed in a single step using linear static analysis on the assumption that the structures are subjected to full load once the whole structure is constructed completely. In reality the dead load due to the each structural components and finishing items are imposed in separate stages as the structures are constructed story by story for nonlinear behavior of materials. Advancement of finite element modeling accelerates the accuracy of finite element simulation by taking the consideration of construction sequential effects. In this paper, rigid frame structures of both concrete and steel model of different configurations have been taken for sequential analysis. The analysis outcomes will help to understand how the structural response against loads varies for construction sequential analysis and linear static analysis while highlighting the material property. For vivid understanding of necessity of sequential analysis, analysis outcomes are eventually compared with conventional one step analysis. The effect of sequence of construction due to the self-weight of members has been studied and its effect on the overall design forces has also been highlighted using finite element modeling.
IRJET-Effect of Blast Loading on Framed Structure: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on the effect of blast loading on framed structures. It summarizes several studies that have analyzed the behavior of structures like buildings and steel beams when subjected to explosive blasts. The key factors influencing blast loading and structural response are identified as the charge weight, location of the blast, and structural configuration. Numerical modeling techniques are discussed for simulating blast loads and predicting structural damage. The response of reinforced concrete and composite structures is examined through various case studies. The goal of the review is to better understand how framed structures perform during explosive events.
IRJET- Review Paper on Convincement based Seismic Design of Open Ground Store...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the seismic design of open ground storey framed buildings. It discusses how open ground storey buildings are vulnerable in earthquakes due to soft-storey behavior. The document reviews various studies on seismic analysis of irregular buildings using software like ETABS. It is proposed to conduct time history analysis of multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings considering mass irregularity at different floor levels to understand seismic response. The conclusion discusses how seismic analysis is important for structures and how responses can be reduced by adding shear walls or base isolation.
Performance Levels of RC Structures by Non-Linear Pushover AnalysisIJERA Editor
In the recent earthquakes in which many concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed, have indicated the need for evaluating the seismic adequacy of existing buildings. About 60% of the land area of our country is susceptible to damaging levels of seismic hazard. We can’t avoid future earthquakes, but preparedness and safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the extent of damage and loss. In order to strengthen and resist the buildings for future earthquakes, the behavior of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and geometry. The nonlinear pushover analysis is becoming a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. The weak zones in the structure can be examined by conducting this push over analysis and then it will be decided whether the particular part is to be retrofitted or rehabilitated according to the requirement. This method determines the base shear capacity of the building and performance levels of each part of building under varying intensity of seismic force. The results of effects of different plan on seismic response of buildings have been presented in terms of displacement, base shear and plastic hinge pattern
IRJET- A Study on Effect of LRB Isolators on Varying Height of Rectangula...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of using lead rubber bearing (LRB) isolators on structures of varying heights when subjected to seismic activity. Non-linear time history analyses were conducted on 4, 10, 15, and 20-story rectangular reinforced concrete structures both with and without LRB isolators. The results showed that using LRB isolators significantly reduced story rotation, acceleration, displacement, and drift across all building heights compared to fixed-base structures. Additionally, LRB isolators increased the natural period of the structures, which decreased the lateral forces experienced. In conclusion, seismic isolation through the use of LRB isolators improved the performance of structures and was more effective at mitigating earthquake effects in taller buildings.
IRJET- Comparative Study & Seismic Anyalysis of Regular and Irregular Geometr...IRJET Journal
This study compares the seismic analysis of regular and irregular high-rise buildings in different seismic zones of India. Finite element software will be used to model and analyze a 10-story regular and irregular building subjected to different seismic zones. Results like deflections, axial forces, and moments will be compared to understand how seismic zone and building geometry affect structural response. The aim is to help improve earthquake-resistant design of high-rise buildings.
IRJET- Effect of Infill Wall Stiffness Variations on the Behaviour of RC ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of infill wall stiffness variations on the behavior of reinforced concrete buildings under seismic demands. The study models a 5-story reinforced concrete building located in seismic zone III of Nasik City, India, with and without considering the stiffness of infill walls. Static analysis using the equivalent lateral force method and dynamic analysis using the response spectrum method are performed and results such as base shear, fundamental time period, and story shear are compared. The goal is to better understand how accounting for the stiffness of infill walls affects the performance of reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes.
Seismic Evaluation of Multi-storeyed Buildings On Plain Ground And Curve Slop...IJSRD
Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. Buildings on hill slopes differ in a way from other buildings. The soft storeies are typical feature in modern constructions specially in seismic areas which has been experience by the previous studies and past earthquakes. Due to verious type of structures on sloped ground structures are comes under irregularity and asymmetricity. Structures on slope leads to seismic cases.The damages to the structures are determined and acceptable safety can be provided. The linear-elastic analysis is not adequate in highly seismic areas. Thus for the design of building in seimic areas and sloped areas inelastic procedure is used. In the present dissertation work, 3D analytical model of eleven storeyed buildings on plain and curved ground have been generated. Models are analyze using ‘‘ETABSâ€Âto get the behavior of structure due to change in column height in ground story due to curved sloped ground. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of infill, concrete shear wall and concrete core wall during earthquake, seismic analysis using both elastic and inelastic method of analyses i.e., linear static (equivalent static method), linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The deflections at each storey level has been compared by performing equivalent static method, response spectrum method. Storey drifts are within the permissible limit given for linear static and linear dynamic method. Again contrary to common practice, the presence of masonry infills, concrete shear and concrete core wall may affect the overall behavior of structure while subjected to earthquake forces.
Chronological construction sequence effects on reinforced concrete and steel ...Yousuf Dinar
Building structures are analyzed in a single step using linear static analysis on the assumption that the structures are subjected to full load once the whole structure is constructed completely. In reality the dead load due to the each structural components and finishing items are imposed in separate stages as the structures are constructed story by story for nonlinear behavior of materials. Advancement of finite element modeling accelerates the accuracy of finite element simulation by taking the consideration of construction sequential effects. In this paper, rigid frame structures of both concrete and steel model of different configurations have been taken for sequential analysis. The analysis outcomes will help to understand how the structural response against loads varies for construction sequential analysis and linear static analysis while highlighting the material property. For vivid understanding of necessity of sequential analysis, analysis outcomes are eventually compared with conventional one step analysis. The effect of sequence of construction due to the self-weight of members has been studied and its effect on the overall design forces has also been highlighted using finite element modeling.
IRJET-Effect of Blast Loading on Framed Structure: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews literature on the effect of blast loading on framed structures. It summarizes several studies that have analyzed the behavior of structures like buildings and steel beams when subjected to explosive blasts. The key factors influencing blast loading and structural response are identified as the charge weight, location of the blast, and structural configuration. Numerical modeling techniques are discussed for simulating blast loads and predicting structural damage. The response of reinforced concrete and composite structures is examined through various case studies. The goal of the review is to better understand how framed structures perform during explosive events.
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Seismic Effect on Shear Wall Building and ...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the seismic effect of shear wall buildings compared to buildings without shear walls. Shear walls help resist lateral forces from earthquakes and winds.
2) Several studies are reviewed that analyze different shear wall configurations in multi-story buildings. Zig zag and diagonal shear wall arrangements were found to increase strength and stiffness compared to other configurations. Shear walls effectively reduce lateral displacements and story drift.
3) One study used software to analyze a 10-story building with different shear wall models and found that a model with short shear walls at corners was the most economical. Shear walls are more effective in high-rise buildings. Proper placement of shear walls affects how lateral forces are distributed
IRJET- Comparative Study on Seismic and Wind Performance of Multi-Storeyed Bu...IRJET Journal
This document provides a literature review on the comparative study of seismic and wind performance of multi-storey buildings with plan and vertical irregularities. Several previous studies are summarized that analyzed regular and irregular structures using software like ETABS. The studies found that irregular structures experienced higher displacements and drifts compared to regular structures under lateral loads. Parameters like base shear, story drift, displacement, and acceleration were compared between regular and irregular configurations. In general, it was found that irregular structures are more susceptible to damage from seismic and wind loads.
Seismic analysis of vertical irregular multistoried buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract It is understood that buildings which are regular in elevation (regular building) perform much better than those which have irregularity in elevation (irregular building) under seismic loading. Irregularities are not avoidable in construction of buildings. However a detailed study to understand structural behaviour of the buildings with irregularities under seismic loading is essential for appropriate design and their better performance. The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of elevation irregularity and behaviour of 3-D R.C. Building which is subjected to earthquake load. In the present study, a 5 bays X 5 bays, 16 storied structure with provision of lift core walls and each storey height 3.2 m, having irregularity in elevation, is considered as the soft storey 3-D structure. An Irregular building is assumed to be located in all zones. Linear dynamic analysis using Response Spectrum method of the irregular building is carried out using the standard and convenient FE software package. To quantify the effect of different degrees of irregularities all the structures are analysed. In addition, the analysis carried out also enables to understand the behaviour that takes place in irregular buildings in comparison to that in regular buildings. For this the behaviour parameters considered are 1) Maximum displacement 2) Base shear, 3) Time period. Key Words: asymmetric building, soft story, base shear, displacement, soft storey, time period.
IRJET- Effect of Vertical Irregularities in R.C Frame Structures on Accuracy ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effects of vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete frame structures on the accuracy of nonlinear static pushover analysis. It presents the results of nonlinear static pushover analysis and nonlinear time history analysis on 15 vertically irregular frame models with varying heights and types of irregularities. The models are analyzed using the SAP2000 software. The results show that pushover analysis reasonably estimates the seismic demands of vertically irregular buildings when compared to time history analysis, and the pushover results have good correlation with selected ground motion records.
Static Analysis of G+2 Institutional Building in BhopalIJERA Editor
A Seismic design is aimed at controlling the structural damage based on precise estimations of proper response
parameters. Seismic design explicitly evaluates how a building is likely to perform; given the potential hazard it
is likely to experience, considering uncertainties inherent in the quantification of potential hazard and
uncertainties in assessment of the actual building response. It is an interactive process that begins with the
selection of performance objectives, followed by the development of a preliminary design, an assessment as to
whether or not the design meets the performance objectives, and finally redesign and reassessment, if required,
until the desired performance level is achieved.
In this present study one R.C. buildings, of G + 2 storey institutional building (designed according to IS
456:2000) are analysed. Analysis and redesigning by changing the main reinforcement of various frame
elements and again analyzing. The structural analysis has been carried out using STAAD.Pro V8i, a product of
Structural Analysis and Design Program. A total of 1 cases for a particular G + 2 storey institutional building
located in Zone-II have been analyzed. The results of analysis are compared in terms of reinforcement in the
column and beam. The best possible combination of reinforcement that is economical, effective and whose
damage is limited to Grade 2 (slight structural damage, moderate non structural damage) in order to enable
Immediate Occupancy is determined and is termed as Seismic Design.
Seismic Evolution of Soft Storeyed Buildings when Subjected to Real Time Eart...IRJET Journal
This document discusses seismic evaluation of soft-storey buildings and methods to strengthen them. It begins with an abstract stating that buildings are often designed without considering the structural effects of masonry infill walls. During earthquakes, buildings with open ground floors (soft-storeys) perform poorly as the ground floor columns cannot provide adequate shear resistance. The document then evaluates 8 building models with different lateral load resisting systems - bare frame, masonry infill, shear walls, bracing - using linear static, linear dynamic and nonlinear static (pushover) analysis methods. It provides the design data, load calculations, time period calculations, and equivalent static analysis as per Indian codes for the models. Distribution of lateral forces is also shown
IRJET- Structural Analysis of Seismic Friction DampersIRJET Journal
The document discusses the structural analysis of seismic friction dampers. It summarizes that friction dampers are installed in buildings in a way that their moving parts slide during earthquakes to dissipate seismic energy. Two building models are analyzed using pushover analysis: a rectangular building with rectangular columns and dampers, and a rectangular building without dampers. The results show that the building with dampers experiences lower lateral displacements, base shear, and story drift compared to the building without dampers under earthquake loading. Friction dampers thus help improve a building's seismic performance by reducing its response.
IRJET- To Study and Analyze the Various Structures by the Structural AuditIRJET Journal
1) Structural audits are important to assess the condition of reinforced concrete structures over 30 years old and identify deterioration and needed repairs.
2) The audit of a structure involves visual inspection, non-destructive testing like rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, and evaluation of cracks.
3) Testing was conducted on several structures like a school, water reservoir, market building, and apartment. Results showed deterioration of concrete in some areas requiring repairs like steel jacketing or grouting.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Effects of Providing Shear wall and Bracing to Seismic Performance of Concret...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effects of providing shear walls and bracing on the seismic performance of concrete buildings through pushover analysis. Three models are considered: ordinary moment resisting frame (OMRF) without lateral resistance, braced moment resisting frame (BMRF) with bracing, and wall moment resisting frame (WMRF) with shear walls.
Pushover analysis is performed on the models using software to obtain base shear, storey displacement, and performance point. Results show that providing shear walls and bracing increases base shear at the performance point, reduces storey displacement and drift, and achieves a higher performance state. Global stiffness is also increased. Plastic hinges form more uniformly across storeys in braced and
Probabilstic seismic risk evaluation of rc buildings eSAT Journals
Abstract As more and more emphasis is being laid on non-linear analysis of RC framed structures subjected to earthquake excitation, the research and development on both non-linear static (pushover) analysis as well as nonlinear dynamic (time history)analysis is in the forefront. Due to prohibitive computational time and efforts required to perform a complete nonlinear dynamic analysis, researchers and designers all over the world are showing keen interest in non-linear static pushover analysis. The paper considers two statistical random variables namely characteristic strength of concrete (fck) and yield strength of steel (fy) as uncertainties in strength. Using Monte Carlo simulation 100 samples of each of random variable were generated to quantify effect of uncertainties on prediction of capacity of structure. Based on these generated samples different models were created and static pushover analysis was performed on RC (Reinforced Concrete) Building using SAP2000. Lastly, the main objective of this article is to propose a simplified methodology to assess the expected seismic damage in reinforced concrete buildings from a probabilistic point of view by using Monte Carlo simulation and probability of various damage states were evaluated. Index Terms: Seismic Vulnerability, Probabilistic Seismic Risk Evaluation, Fragility Analysis and Pushover Analysis
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
P delta effect in reinforced concrete structures of rigid jointYousuf Dinar
ABSTRACT: Popularity of High-Rise structures of rigid joint frame system are increasing day by day to accommodate growing people in metropolitan city and to construct the structures without any special structural component. However combination of rigid frame with RC structure get 30 storey as maximum storey and prone to collapse under severe displacement, axial force and moment, if the P-Delta effects does not included in analysis and design phase. Due to complexity and low knowledge of P-Delta analyses designers, engineers and architectures are prone to perform Linear Static analysis which may eventually become a cause of catastrophic collapse of the high-rise. 12 cases and 2 different analysis are performed to give a light on the P-Delta effect in RC Structures of Rigid Joint which will aware and suggest concerning person to understand, make experience and perform P-Delta analysis of the high-rise for safety using numerical modelling which may accelerate the process and reduce the complexities.
IRJET- Behaviour of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Structure in High Seismi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study analyzing the behavior of symmetrical and asymmetrical structures in high seismic zones. A 3D model of an 8-story symmetrical building and an 8-story asymmetrical F-shaped building were created in SAP2000 software. Response spectrum analysis was performed on both models according to Indian seismic code IS 1893-2016. The results showed that the asymmetrical building had lower base shear and time period compared to the symmetrical building, indicating better performance under seismic loads. Story drift, displacements, and member forces were also compared between the two models.
This document analyzes the seismic performance of irregular L-shaped reinforced concrete buildings of varying heights (4, 8, and 20 stories) located in seismic Zone III. Six models of each building are considered: a bare frame, frame with infill walls modeled as membranes, and frame with infill walls modeled as equivalent diagonal struts. Nonlinear time history and pushover analyses are performed using ETABS. The results show that modeling infill walls improves seismic performance by reducing top story displacement and increasing base shear capacity, with the equivalent strut model performing better than the membrane model. The influence of infill walls decreases with increasing building height.
IRJET- Impact of Shear Wall to Reduce Torsional Effect for Unsymmetrical R.C....IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on analyzing the torsional effects on symmetrical and unsymmetrical reinforced concrete framed buildings under seismic loading. Time history analysis is performed on 10-storey symmetrical and L-shaped unsymmetrical buildings using MATLAB. The response quantities like base shear, displacement and torsional moment are obtained and compared for bare frame, frame with infill walls and frame with shear walls. The results show that the unsymmetrical bare frame experiences higher base shear, displacement and torsional moment compared to the symmetrical frame. Infill walls and shear walls are found to effectively reduce the torsional effects in the unsymmetrical building by shifting the center of rigidity closer to the center of mass.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Conventional Slab and Flat Slabs RCC Structure us...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a comparative study on the seismic performance of conventional slab reinforced concrete (RCC) structures and flat slab RCC structures using pushover analysis. It aims to compare the structures' behavior under parameters like base shear, story displacement, and story drift. The study finds that under equivalent pushover analysis, the conventional slab RCC structure performs better with lower base shear, story drift, and story displacement values compared to flat slab and flat plate RCC structures. Overall, the conventional slab structure is considered more seismically efficient. The document provides background on pushover analysis methodology and outlines the objectives to explore and compare the seismic behavior of different slab RCC structures through nonlinear static analysis.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Frame-Shear Wall Building Considering SSIIJERA Editor
The structural system of a high-rise building often has a more pronounced effect than a low rise building on the
total building cost and the architecture aspect of building. Shear walls are lateral load resisting structural
systems which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind and seismic Loads. The design of multi
storey building is to have good lateral load resisting System along with gravity load system for safety of
occupant and for better performance of structure even in most adverse condition. The main scope of this project
is to apply class room knowledge in the real world by designing a multi-storied residential building. Shear walls
are more efficient in resisting lateral loads in multi storied buildings. Steel and reinforced concrete shear walls
are kept in major positions of multi storied buildings which are made in consideration of seismic forces and
wind forces. To solve this purpose shear walls are a very powerful structural elements, if used judiciously can
reduce deflections and stresses to a very great extent. Our project contains a brief description of building with
shear wall and without shear wall thoroughly discussed structural analysis of a building to explain the
application of shear wall. The design analysis of the multi storied building in our project is done through
STAAD-PRO, most popular structural engineering software. It is featured with some ultimate power tool,
analysis and design facilities which make it more users friendly.
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storeyeSAT Journals
Abstract Soft storey is a storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of three storeys above. In a multi-storied building, soft storey is adopted to accommodate parking which is an unavoidable feature. This open ground storey is vulnerable to collapse during earthquake. Soft storey in a building causes stiffness irregularity in a structure. Due to this the structures undergoes unequal storey drift, formation of plastic hinges and finally collapse. The presence of infill wall improves the performance of building under the lateral forces. This paper deals with the study of literature of previous researches. These researches focus on the combination of measures adopted on the structure to reduce the effect of soft storey through static and dynamic analysis. The parameters studied in these researches are storey drift, axial and shear forces bending moment, displacement, time period, base shear. Also, it focuses on the equivalent strut approach to consider the effect of infill wall on the performance on building. From these researches, the interest arises to perform static and dynamic analysis to reduce the stiffness irregularity which is the main reason behind the poor performance of the building with soft storey. Keywords: Soft storey, Stiffness, Storey drift, Lateral Displacement, Infill wall
This document summarizes research on the seismic performance of flat slab buildings with vertical geometric irregularities in different earthquake zones. It reviews 10 previous studies on analyzing the behavior of flat slab and irregular buildings under seismic loads using software like STAAD Pro, SAP2000, and ETABS. The document aims to identify gaps in existing research and areas for further study on improving the seismic resistance of irregular high-rise buildings.
Performance based seismic design of the multi-storied reinforced concrete bui...IRJET Journal
The document discusses performance-based seismic design of multi-story reinforced concrete buildings. It provides a literature review of previous studies that have analyzed buildings using nonlinear static pushover analysis to evaluate seismic performance. The goal of performance-based seismic design is to carefully assess how a structure will perform under earthquake loads by identifying performance objectives and evaluating the structure's capacity through nonlinear analysis. Previous studies have found that performance metrics like story displacement, drift, and base shear can be used to evaluate if a design meets life safety or other performance objectives. The document concludes that further research on nonlinear dynamic analysis and energy dissipation systems could help improve seismic performance estimation of reinforced concrete structures.
A Review on Comparative Analysis of Multistorey Buildings Under Various India...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares the findings of 5 research papers on seismic analysis of multi-storey buildings under various conditions in India. Key findings include:
1) Buildings perform better in lower seismic zones with lower base shear, displacement and drift. Irregular buildings need more design consideration.
2) Diaphragm discontinuity like openings significantly impact load transfer and response to seismic forces.
3) Building shape/configuration affects its ability to withstand seismic forces. Structures like shear walls improve seismic performance.
4) As seismic zones increase, designs require more steel reinforcement, especially in beams, to resist higher seismic forces.
The studies provide valuable insights on building practices and seismic vulnerability based
IRJET- A Research on Comparing the Seismic Effect on Shear Wall Building and ...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the seismic effect of shear wall buildings compared to buildings without shear walls. Shear walls help resist lateral forces from earthquakes and winds.
2) Several studies are reviewed that analyze different shear wall configurations in multi-story buildings. Zig zag and diagonal shear wall arrangements were found to increase strength and stiffness compared to other configurations. Shear walls effectively reduce lateral displacements and story drift.
3) One study used software to analyze a 10-story building with different shear wall models and found that a model with short shear walls at corners was the most economical. Shear walls are more effective in high-rise buildings. Proper placement of shear walls affects how lateral forces are distributed
IRJET- Comparative Study on Seismic and Wind Performance of Multi-Storeyed Bu...IRJET Journal
This document provides a literature review on the comparative study of seismic and wind performance of multi-storey buildings with plan and vertical irregularities. Several previous studies are summarized that analyzed regular and irregular structures using software like ETABS. The studies found that irregular structures experienced higher displacements and drifts compared to regular structures under lateral loads. Parameters like base shear, story drift, displacement, and acceleration were compared between regular and irregular configurations. In general, it was found that irregular structures are more susceptible to damage from seismic and wind loads.
Seismic analysis of vertical irregular multistoried buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract It is understood that buildings which are regular in elevation (regular building) perform much better than those which have irregularity in elevation (irregular building) under seismic loading. Irregularities are not avoidable in construction of buildings. However a detailed study to understand structural behaviour of the buildings with irregularities under seismic loading is essential for appropriate design and their better performance. The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of elevation irregularity and behaviour of 3-D R.C. Building which is subjected to earthquake load. In the present study, a 5 bays X 5 bays, 16 storied structure with provision of lift core walls and each storey height 3.2 m, having irregularity in elevation, is considered as the soft storey 3-D structure. An Irregular building is assumed to be located in all zones. Linear dynamic analysis using Response Spectrum method of the irregular building is carried out using the standard and convenient FE software package. To quantify the effect of different degrees of irregularities all the structures are analysed. In addition, the analysis carried out also enables to understand the behaviour that takes place in irregular buildings in comparison to that in regular buildings. For this the behaviour parameters considered are 1) Maximum displacement 2) Base shear, 3) Time period. Key Words: asymmetric building, soft story, base shear, displacement, soft storey, time period.
IRJET- Effect of Vertical Irregularities in R.C Frame Structures on Accuracy ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effects of vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete frame structures on the accuracy of nonlinear static pushover analysis. It presents the results of nonlinear static pushover analysis and nonlinear time history analysis on 15 vertically irregular frame models with varying heights and types of irregularities. The models are analyzed using the SAP2000 software. The results show that pushover analysis reasonably estimates the seismic demands of vertically irregular buildings when compared to time history analysis, and the pushover results have good correlation with selected ground motion records.
Static Analysis of G+2 Institutional Building in BhopalIJERA Editor
A Seismic design is aimed at controlling the structural damage based on precise estimations of proper response
parameters. Seismic design explicitly evaluates how a building is likely to perform; given the potential hazard it
is likely to experience, considering uncertainties inherent in the quantification of potential hazard and
uncertainties in assessment of the actual building response. It is an interactive process that begins with the
selection of performance objectives, followed by the development of a preliminary design, an assessment as to
whether or not the design meets the performance objectives, and finally redesign and reassessment, if required,
until the desired performance level is achieved.
In this present study one R.C. buildings, of G + 2 storey institutional building (designed according to IS
456:2000) are analysed. Analysis and redesigning by changing the main reinforcement of various frame
elements and again analyzing. The structural analysis has been carried out using STAAD.Pro V8i, a product of
Structural Analysis and Design Program. A total of 1 cases for a particular G + 2 storey institutional building
located in Zone-II have been analyzed. The results of analysis are compared in terms of reinforcement in the
column and beam. The best possible combination of reinforcement that is economical, effective and whose
damage is limited to Grade 2 (slight structural damage, moderate non structural damage) in order to enable
Immediate Occupancy is determined and is termed as Seismic Design.
Seismic Evolution of Soft Storeyed Buildings when Subjected to Real Time Eart...IRJET Journal
This document discusses seismic evaluation of soft-storey buildings and methods to strengthen them. It begins with an abstract stating that buildings are often designed without considering the structural effects of masonry infill walls. During earthquakes, buildings with open ground floors (soft-storeys) perform poorly as the ground floor columns cannot provide adequate shear resistance. The document then evaluates 8 building models with different lateral load resisting systems - bare frame, masonry infill, shear walls, bracing - using linear static, linear dynamic and nonlinear static (pushover) analysis methods. It provides the design data, load calculations, time period calculations, and equivalent static analysis as per Indian codes for the models. Distribution of lateral forces is also shown
IRJET- Structural Analysis of Seismic Friction DampersIRJET Journal
The document discusses the structural analysis of seismic friction dampers. It summarizes that friction dampers are installed in buildings in a way that their moving parts slide during earthquakes to dissipate seismic energy. Two building models are analyzed using pushover analysis: a rectangular building with rectangular columns and dampers, and a rectangular building without dampers. The results show that the building with dampers experiences lower lateral displacements, base shear, and story drift compared to the building without dampers under earthquake loading. Friction dampers thus help improve a building's seismic performance by reducing its response.
IRJET- To Study and Analyze the Various Structures by the Structural AuditIRJET Journal
1) Structural audits are important to assess the condition of reinforced concrete structures over 30 years old and identify deterioration and needed repairs.
2) The audit of a structure involves visual inspection, non-destructive testing like rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, and evaluation of cracks.
3) Testing was conducted on several structures like a school, water reservoir, market building, and apartment. Results showed deterioration of concrete in some areas requiring repairs like steel jacketing or grouting.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Effects of Providing Shear wall and Bracing to Seismic Performance of Concret...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effects of providing shear walls and bracing on the seismic performance of concrete buildings through pushover analysis. Three models are considered: ordinary moment resisting frame (OMRF) without lateral resistance, braced moment resisting frame (BMRF) with bracing, and wall moment resisting frame (WMRF) with shear walls.
Pushover analysis is performed on the models using software to obtain base shear, storey displacement, and performance point. Results show that providing shear walls and bracing increases base shear at the performance point, reduces storey displacement and drift, and achieves a higher performance state. Global stiffness is also increased. Plastic hinges form more uniformly across storeys in braced and
Probabilstic seismic risk evaluation of rc buildings eSAT Journals
Abstract As more and more emphasis is being laid on non-linear analysis of RC framed structures subjected to earthquake excitation, the research and development on both non-linear static (pushover) analysis as well as nonlinear dynamic (time history)analysis is in the forefront. Due to prohibitive computational time and efforts required to perform a complete nonlinear dynamic analysis, researchers and designers all over the world are showing keen interest in non-linear static pushover analysis. The paper considers two statistical random variables namely characteristic strength of concrete (fck) and yield strength of steel (fy) as uncertainties in strength. Using Monte Carlo simulation 100 samples of each of random variable were generated to quantify effect of uncertainties on prediction of capacity of structure. Based on these generated samples different models were created and static pushover analysis was performed on RC (Reinforced Concrete) Building using SAP2000. Lastly, the main objective of this article is to propose a simplified methodology to assess the expected seismic damage in reinforced concrete buildings from a probabilistic point of view by using Monte Carlo simulation and probability of various damage states were evaluated. Index Terms: Seismic Vulnerability, Probabilistic Seismic Risk Evaluation, Fragility Analysis and Pushover Analysis
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
P delta effect in reinforced concrete structures of rigid jointYousuf Dinar
ABSTRACT: Popularity of High-Rise structures of rigid joint frame system are increasing day by day to accommodate growing people in metropolitan city and to construct the structures without any special structural component. However combination of rigid frame with RC structure get 30 storey as maximum storey and prone to collapse under severe displacement, axial force and moment, if the P-Delta effects does not included in analysis and design phase. Due to complexity and low knowledge of P-Delta analyses designers, engineers and architectures are prone to perform Linear Static analysis which may eventually become a cause of catastrophic collapse of the high-rise. 12 cases and 2 different analysis are performed to give a light on the P-Delta effect in RC Structures of Rigid Joint which will aware and suggest concerning person to understand, make experience and perform P-Delta analysis of the high-rise for safety using numerical modelling which may accelerate the process and reduce the complexities.
IRJET- Behaviour of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Structure in High Seismi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study analyzing the behavior of symmetrical and asymmetrical structures in high seismic zones. A 3D model of an 8-story symmetrical building and an 8-story asymmetrical F-shaped building were created in SAP2000 software. Response spectrum analysis was performed on both models according to Indian seismic code IS 1893-2016. The results showed that the asymmetrical building had lower base shear and time period compared to the symmetrical building, indicating better performance under seismic loads. Story drift, displacements, and member forces were also compared between the two models.
This document analyzes the seismic performance of irregular L-shaped reinforced concrete buildings of varying heights (4, 8, and 20 stories) located in seismic Zone III. Six models of each building are considered: a bare frame, frame with infill walls modeled as membranes, and frame with infill walls modeled as equivalent diagonal struts. Nonlinear time history and pushover analyses are performed using ETABS. The results show that modeling infill walls improves seismic performance by reducing top story displacement and increasing base shear capacity, with the equivalent strut model performing better than the membrane model. The influence of infill walls decreases with increasing building height.
IRJET- Impact of Shear Wall to Reduce Torsional Effect for Unsymmetrical R.C....IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on analyzing the torsional effects on symmetrical and unsymmetrical reinforced concrete framed buildings under seismic loading. Time history analysis is performed on 10-storey symmetrical and L-shaped unsymmetrical buildings using MATLAB. The response quantities like base shear, displacement and torsional moment are obtained and compared for bare frame, frame with infill walls and frame with shear walls. The results show that the unsymmetrical bare frame experiences higher base shear, displacement and torsional moment compared to the symmetrical frame. Infill walls and shear walls are found to effectively reduce the torsional effects in the unsymmetrical building by shifting the center of rigidity closer to the center of mass.
IRJET- Comparative Study on Conventional Slab and Flat Slabs RCC Structure us...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a comparative study on the seismic performance of conventional slab reinforced concrete (RCC) structures and flat slab RCC structures using pushover analysis. It aims to compare the structures' behavior under parameters like base shear, story displacement, and story drift. The study finds that under equivalent pushover analysis, the conventional slab RCC structure performs better with lower base shear, story drift, and story displacement values compared to flat slab and flat plate RCC structures. Overall, the conventional slab structure is considered more seismically efficient. The document provides background on pushover analysis methodology and outlines the objectives to explore and compare the seismic behavior of different slab RCC structures through nonlinear static analysis.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Frame-Shear Wall Building Considering SSIIJERA Editor
The structural system of a high-rise building often has a more pronounced effect than a low rise building on the
total building cost and the architecture aspect of building. Shear walls are lateral load resisting structural
systems which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind and seismic Loads. The design of multi
storey building is to have good lateral load resisting System along with gravity load system for safety of
occupant and for better performance of structure even in most adverse condition. The main scope of this project
is to apply class room knowledge in the real world by designing a multi-storied residential building. Shear walls
are more efficient in resisting lateral loads in multi storied buildings. Steel and reinforced concrete shear walls
are kept in major positions of multi storied buildings which are made in consideration of seismic forces and
wind forces. To solve this purpose shear walls are a very powerful structural elements, if used judiciously can
reduce deflections and stresses to a very great extent. Our project contains a brief description of building with
shear wall and without shear wall thoroughly discussed structural analysis of a building to explain the
application of shear wall. The design analysis of the multi storied building in our project is done through
STAAD-PRO, most popular structural engineering software. It is featured with some ultimate power tool,
analysis and design facilities which make it more users friendly.
Review on seismic performance of multi storied rc building with soft storeyeSAT Journals
Abstract Soft storey is a storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of three storeys above. In a multi-storied building, soft storey is adopted to accommodate parking which is an unavoidable feature. This open ground storey is vulnerable to collapse during earthquake. Soft storey in a building causes stiffness irregularity in a structure. Due to this the structures undergoes unequal storey drift, formation of plastic hinges and finally collapse. The presence of infill wall improves the performance of building under the lateral forces. This paper deals with the study of literature of previous researches. These researches focus on the combination of measures adopted on the structure to reduce the effect of soft storey through static and dynamic analysis. The parameters studied in these researches are storey drift, axial and shear forces bending moment, displacement, time period, base shear. Also, it focuses on the equivalent strut approach to consider the effect of infill wall on the performance on building. From these researches, the interest arises to perform static and dynamic analysis to reduce the stiffness irregularity which is the main reason behind the poor performance of the building with soft storey. Keywords: Soft storey, Stiffness, Storey drift, Lateral Displacement, Infill wall
This document summarizes research on the seismic performance of flat slab buildings with vertical geometric irregularities in different earthquake zones. It reviews 10 previous studies on analyzing the behavior of flat slab and irregular buildings under seismic loads using software like STAAD Pro, SAP2000, and ETABS. The document aims to identify gaps in existing research and areas for further study on improving the seismic resistance of irregular high-rise buildings.
Performance based seismic design of the multi-storied reinforced concrete bui...IRJET Journal
The document discusses performance-based seismic design of multi-story reinforced concrete buildings. It provides a literature review of previous studies that have analyzed buildings using nonlinear static pushover analysis to evaluate seismic performance. The goal of performance-based seismic design is to carefully assess how a structure will perform under earthquake loads by identifying performance objectives and evaluating the structure's capacity through nonlinear analysis. Previous studies have found that performance metrics like story displacement, drift, and base shear can be used to evaluate if a design meets life safety or other performance objectives. The document concludes that further research on nonlinear dynamic analysis and energy dissipation systems could help improve seismic performance estimation of reinforced concrete structures.
A Review on Comparative Analysis of Multistorey Buildings Under Various India...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares the findings of 5 research papers on seismic analysis of multi-storey buildings under various conditions in India. Key findings include:
1) Buildings perform better in lower seismic zones with lower base shear, displacement and drift. Irregular buildings need more design consideration.
2) Diaphragm discontinuity like openings significantly impact load transfer and response to seismic forces.
3) Building shape/configuration affects its ability to withstand seismic forces. Structures like shear walls improve seismic performance.
4) As seismic zones increase, designs require more steel reinforcement, especially in beams, to resist higher seismic forces.
The studies provide valuable insights on building practices and seismic vulnerability based
Comparative study of Performance of RCC Multi-Storey Building for Koyna and B...IJERA Editor
The recent history of earthquakes have indicated that if the structures are not properly designed and constructed with required quality may cause great damage to structures. This fact has resulted in to ensure safety against earthquake forces of tall structures hence, there is need to determine seismic responses of such building for designing earthquake resistant structures by carrying seismic analysis of structure. In the present work dynamic analysis of G+12 RC multi-storied framed building considering for Koyna and Bhuj earthquake is carried out by response spectrum analysis and time history analysis and responses of such building are comparatively studied with the help of SAP2000 software. Two time histories (i.e. koyna and Bhuj) have been used to develop different acceptable criteria (base shear, storey displacement, storey drift). From the results it is recommended that time history analysis should be performed as it predicts the structural response more accurately than the response spectrum analysis. Pushover Analysis is also performed for the same building and from results it is found that building is seismically safe.
A REVIEW ON INFLUNCE OF THE SHEAR WALL IN TALL INFLUENCE STRUCTURE WITHOUT AN...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the influence of shear walls in tall, irregular structures without columns. It discusses how taller buildings are now preferred for urban development but require effective lateral load resistance. Shear walls are commonly used instead of columns for their strength and stiffness, but can make structures too rigid. The document examines different models analyzed in ETABS and STAAD PRO software considering factors like shear wall position, shape, soil type, and seismic zone. Key findings from literature on analyzing irregular structures with and without shear walls using software like SAP2000 and ETABS are summarized. The effect of shear walls on reducing story drift, displacement and base shear is noted. Analyzing different structural configurations helps determine best practices for shear wall placement and irregular structure seismic
Review paper on seismic responses of multistored rcc building with mass irreg...eSAT Journals
Abstract
From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is non-linear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Time History Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.
Influence of Openings and Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Behavior of Tu...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the seismic behavior of tunnel form buildings using response spectrum analysis. Tunnel form buildings are reinforced concrete structures with relatively thin shear walls and flat slabs instead of beams and columns. The study models a 6-story RC wall building to analyze the effects of openings (0%, 6%, 22%, 50%) and soil conditions (bearing capacities of 50, 100, 200, 250) on seismic performance parameters like time period, displacement, drift, and base shear. Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software according to Indian codes. Results show that RC wall buildings have significantly reduced time periods and displacements compared to equivalent RC frame buildings, indicating improved seismic performance.
Seismic Performance and Shear Wall Location Assessment of a RC Building- Eva...IRJET Journal
1. The document evaluates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings located on plain and sloping ground.
2. Non-linear static pushover analysis is conducted using SAP 2000 on a G+10 building model located on plain and sloping ground.
3. Results of the pushover analysis such as base shear, story displacement, story drift and story shear are compared between the plain and sloping ground models.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis and Comparative Study of Regular and Irregular Bu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses seismic analysis of regular and irregular buildings using ETABS software. A 15-story reinforced concrete building model was generated for both regular and irregular configurations. Mass and stiffness distribution influence how multi-story buildings respond during earthquakes. Irregularities can cause damage as seen in the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India. The objective is to conduct dynamic analysis of regular and irregular frames and compare results. Analysis considers factors like storey deflection, storey shear, and stiffness. Previous studies found plan configuration and symmetry affect seismic response, with irregular structures experiencing greater damage.
Wind and Seismic Analysis of Building with Bracing System Resting on Sloping ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the wind and seismic performance of buildings with different bracing systems on sloping ground. The study used ETABS software to model and analyze step back buildings with various bracing types, including X, V, inverted V, and diagonal bracing. Results showed that X bracing provided the best performance in terms of maximum displacement, drift, base shear, and fundamental time period. Step back buildings with X bracing demonstrated superior performance under wind and seismic loads compared to step back setback buildings. The effectiveness of bracing was found to be limited for buildings over 6 stories or with an increased number of bays along the slope. Increasing bays across the slope enhanced building performance with bra
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews seismic analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures using different bracing systems. It compares the performance of 4 building types (L, C, O, and rectangular shapes) with 4 different bracing types in each, keeping the constructed area the same. The response spectrum method is used to analyze the structures in ETABS software. Story shear, story displacement, and story stiffness are compared to evaluate the structural performance under earthquake loads. Concentric and eccentric bracing systems are described, with eccentric bracing frames noted as a newer system developed to resist seismic events in a predictable manner.
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of using different bracing systems to improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structures. It discusses four types of bracing systems - concentric, eccentric, X, and zipper bracing. Nonlinear static pushover analysis and dynamic time history analysis are used to analyze structures with and without bracing. The results show that adding bracing can significantly enhance the strength, deformation capacity, and ductility of structures compared to unbraced structures. Eccentric and zipper bracing generally provide better seismic performance than other bracing types depending on the bracing size and properties. Overall, incorporating bracing is an effective technique for retrofitting existing reinforced concrete buildings to improve their resistance to earthquake loads.
Study of seismic analysis and design of multi storey symmetrical and asymmetr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic analysis and design of symmetric and asymmetric multi-story buildings. Finite element software was used to model and analyze G+15 story reinforced concrete buildings with regular and irregular configurations subjected to response spectrum analysis and time history analysis. Results found that irregular buildings experienced higher displacements, drifts, and forces compared to regular structures. Specifically, structures with mass or stiffness irregularities performed poorer under seismic loads. A comparison of response spectrum and time history analyses found that time history analysis more accurately predicted structural response. The study concluded that structural configuration significantly impacts seismic response and irregular structures are more vulnerable during earthquakes.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTISTORY BUILDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL, X BR...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior of multistory reinforced concrete buildings with and without shear walls, X-bracing, and fluid viscous dampers. Four 30m tall building models are analyzed using ETABS software: a basic reinforced concrete structure, one with added shear walls, one with fluid viscous dampers, and one with X-bracing. The results show that the addition of shear walls is most effective at reducing displacement, drift, and increasing story stiffness compared to the other seismic retrofitting methods. In conclusion, shear walls placed at building corners provide the best seismic performance by significantly decreasing displacement while increasing structural strength and stiffness.
“STUDY ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF IRREGULAR BUILDING WITH AND WITHOUT SHEAR WALL ...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on the seismic behavior of irregular buildings compared to regular buildings. It analyzes buildings with square, L, C, and I shapes using dynamic analysis in seismic zones 4.
The objectives are to study the behavior of irregular structures under seismic loads, identify abnormal behavior in high seismic zones, and evaluate structural response parameters like displacement, base shear, story drift, and time period. 12 building models of the different shapes are analyzed for zones 2, 3 and 4 using ETABS software.
The results show that buildings with more irregular shapes experience greater deformations, especially in high seismic zones. Irregular buildings also have higher displacements and story drift compared to regular square buildings. The addition of shear walls
IRJET- A Review on R.C.C. Structure with Fully, Partially and without Infille...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a review on the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete frame structures with fully infilled walls, partially infilled walls, and no infilled walls in different seismic zones in India. It analyzes a G+15 story reinforced concrete frame building in seismic zones IV and V on medium soil using STAAD Pro software. The results for maximum nodal displacement, maximum reactions, maximum base shear, and maximum story shear are compared for different models with full infilled walls, partial infilled walls, and no infilled walls. Infill walls contribute to increased lateral stiffness and seismic resistance of buildings. Neglecting their effects can lead to an unsafe design that underestimates structural damage in seismic regions.
Study on Torsional Response of Irregualr Buildings Under Seismic LoadingIRJET Journal
This document discusses the torsional response of irregular buildings under seismic loading. It begins with an abstract that outlines the purpose of studying how irregular structures respond to torsional loads caused by earthquakes. Several methods of seismic analysis are then described. The concept of torsional irregularity is defined according to building codes. Previous studies on the torsional response of irregular structures are summarized, finding increased seismic demand and sensitivity for structures with irregular plans or vertical setbacks. The conclusion is that structural irregularities can significantly reduce seismic performance by increasing torsional forces, and proper design is needed to control torsion effects in irregular structures.
IRJET- Seismic Evaluation of Symmetric and Asymmetric Buildings by Pushover a...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of symmetric and asymmetric buildings using pushover analysis and time history analysis. Three new reinforced concrete buildings of different shapes (C-shaped, L-shaped, and square) with 14 stories were modeled. The models included bare frame, soft-story, and infilled wall configurations. Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis and dynamic (time history and response spectrum) analyses were performed to evaluate lateral displacements, story drifts, base shear, and other response parameters. Results showed that irregularly shaped and bare frame buildings experienced greater displacements and drifts compared to symmetric buildings and buildings with infill walls. Buildings with infill walls also had higher base shear values
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Modelling and Analysis of Pile FoundationIRJET Journal
This document discusses the modeling and analysis of pile foundations for a 10-storey reinforced concrete building. It describes modeling the building in ETABS software and performing equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis as per Indian codes. Key parameters of the building model are provided. Analysis results like fundamental time period, storey displacements, drifts, and base shear are obtained. The pile foundation is then modeled in SAFE software using the loadings from the building analysis. Piles and pile caps are designed according to Indian codes, with depth, punching shear, steel requirements, and vertical displacements checked against code limits. The document concludes the pile foundation provides an optimum foundation solution for the given soil conditions.
Similar to IRJET- A Review Paper on Seismic Analysis of Old Masonry Buildings using Equivalent Static Method (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
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