03-Introduction to Structural Steel Design (Steel Structural Design & Prof. Shehab Mourad)

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This document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of steel as a structural material. It notes that steel has high strength, uniformity, elasticity, permanence, ductility, and toughness. However, it requires maintenance against corrosion and fireproofing. Steel is also susceptible to buckling if members become too long and slender. Additionally, steel strength can reduce due to fatigue, brittle failure, and residual stresses. The document provides information on common steel grades used in design and their properties.

1 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
Introduction to Structural Steel Design
- Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material:
1- High Strength
High strength of steel per unit weight means that the weight of
structure will be small, which has a great importance for large
structures, as bridges and tall buildings.
Typical used structural steel in design
Grade Fy MPa Fu
(MPa)
ASTM designation Availability
A 36 250
(36 ksi)
400
A36M For most applications
G 50
350
(50 ksi) 450
A572M For most applications
A529M
For thin-plate members
only
A242M, A588M
For corrosion-resistance
steel

2 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU

3 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
2- Uniformity
Uniform and consistent properties with time
3- Elasticity
Steel behaves closer to design assumption (elastic, follows
Hooke's law) up to high stresses
4- Permanence
With proper maintain ace steel structures can last indefinitely
5- Ductility
Steel can withstand extensive deformation without failure under
high tensile stresses. Ductility gives more warning before failure.
6- Toughness
Steel members can still withstand large forces even it has large
deformations. The ability of material to absorb energy in large
amounts is called toughness.
7- Additions to Existing Structures
Existing steel structures can be easily expanded both in width and height

4 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
8- Miscellaneous
-Ability to fasten members together
- Ability to prefabrication
- Speed of erection
-Ability to be rolled into a wide Varity of sizes and shapes
- Ability to form built up section from standard sections
-Possible reuse and recycle after disassembling
-Can be used with concrete to form composite sections

5 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
- Disadvantages of Steel as a Structural Material:
1- Maintenance Costs
Most steels are susceptible to corrosion when freely exposed to
air and water, therefore it should be painted periodically,
otherwise weathering steel should be used.

6 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
2- Fireproofing Costs
Steel strength is tremendously reduced at temperature
commonly reached in fires; therefore steel members should be
painted by fire proofing materials.

7 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU

8 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
3- Susceptibility to Buckling
As the member length increases, its danger of buckling
increases, therefore, steel sections need to be increased and
stiffened to avoid buckling.
Global Buckling Torsional Buckling
Local Buckling in Flanges and Web

9 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
4- Fatigue
Steel strength is reduced when subjected to a large number of stress
reversals or even a large number of variations of tensile stress.

10 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
5- Brittle Failure
Steel may lose its ductility in certain conditions, and brittle
failure may occur at places of stress concentrations
Brittle failure along the Weld
Brittle failure of Bolts

11 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
6- Residual Stresses
Residual stresses occur due to;
1- Uneven cooling of room temperature of hot rolled sections
2- Cold bending of cold formed sections
3- Welding of two or more plates together

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This chapter discusses bridge floors for roadway and railway bridges. It describes three main types of structural systems for roadway bridge floors: slab, beam-slab, and orthotropic plate. For railway bridges, the two main types are open timber floors and ballasted floors. The chapter then covers design considerations for allowable stresses, stringer and cross girder cross sections, and provides an example design for the floor of a roadway bridge with I-beam stringers and cross girders.

Ch3 Design Considerations (Steel Bridges تصميم الكباري المعدنية & Prof. Dr. M...

Hossam Shafiq II

This chapter discusses design considerations for steel bridges. It outlines two main design philosophies: working stress design and limit states design. The chapter then focuses on the working stress design method, which is based on the Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel Constructions and Bridges. It provides allowable stress values for various steel grades and loading conditions, including stresses due to axial, shear, bending, compression and tension loads. Design of sections is classified based on compact and slender criteria. The chapter also addresses stresses from repeated, erection and secondary loads.

Ch2 Design Loads on Bridges (Steel Bridges تصميم الكباري المعدنية & Prof. Dr....

Hossam Shafiq II

This document discusses design loads on bridges. It describes various types of loads that bridges must be designed to resist, including dead loads from the bridge structure itself, live loads from traffic, and environmental loads such as wind, temperature, and earthquakes. It provides specifics on how to calculate loads from road and rail traffic according to Egyptian design codes, including truck and train configurations, impact factors, braking and centrifugal forces, and load distributions. Other loads like wind, thermal effects, and concrete shrinkage are also summarized.

Ch1 Introduction (Steel Bridges تصميم الكباري المعدنية & Prof. Dr. Metwally A...

Hossam Shafiq II

This document provides an introduction to steel bridges, including: 1. It discusses the history and evolution of bridge engineering and the key components of bridge structures. 2. It describes different classifications of bridges according to materials, usage, position, and structural forms. The structural forms include beam bridges, frame bridges, arch bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and suspension bridges. 3. It provides examples of different types of bridges and explains the basic structural systems used in bridges, including simply supported, cantilever, and continuous beams as well as rigid frames.

Lec05 STRUCTURE SYSTEMS to resist EARTHQUAKE (Earthquake Engineering هندسة ال...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec04 Earthquake Force Using Response Specturum Method (2) (Earthquake Engine...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec03 Earthquake Force Using Response Specturum Method (1) (Earthquake Engine...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec02 Earthquake Damage to Concrete Structure (Earthquake Engineering هندسة ا...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec01 Design of RC Structures under lateral load (Earthquake Engineering هندس...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec13 Continuous Beams and One Way Slabs(3) Footings (Reinforced Concrete Des...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec12 Continuous Beams and One Way Slabs(2) Columns (Reinforced Concrete Desi...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec11 Continuous Beams and One Way Slabs(1) (Reinforced Concrete Design I & P...

Hossam Shafiq II

The document discusses reinforced concrete continuity and analysis methods for continuous beams and one-way slabs. It describes how steel reinforcement must extend through members to provide structural continuity. The ACI/SBC coefficient method of analysis is summarized, which uses coefficient tables to determine maximum shear forces and bending moments for continuous beams and one-way slabs under various loading conditions in a simplified manner compared to elastic analysis. Requirements for applying the coefficient method include having multiple spans with ratios less than 1.2, prismatic member sections, and live loads less than 3 times dead loads.

Lec10 Bond and Development Length (Reinforced Concrete Design I & Prof. Abdel...

Hossam Shafiq II

This document discusses bond and development length in reinforced concrete. It defines bond as the adhesion between concrete and steel reinforcement, which is necessary to develop their composite action. Bond is achieved through chemical adhesion, friction from deformed bar ribs, and bearing. Development length refers to the minimum embedment length of a reinforcement bar needed to develop its yield strength by bonding to the surrounding concrete. The development length depends on factors like bar size, concrete strength, bar location, and transverse reinforcement. It also provides equations from design codes to calculate the development length for tension bars, compression bars, bundled bars, and welded wire fabric. Hooked bars can be used when full development length is not available, and the document discusses requirements for standard hook geome

Lec09 Shear in RC Beams (Reinforced Concrete Design I & Prof. Abdelhamid Charif)

Hossam Shafiq II

This document discusses shear in reinforced concrete beams. It covers shear stress and failure modes, shear strength provided by concrete and steel stirrups, design according to code provisions, and critical shear sections. Key points include: transverse loads induce shear stress perpendicular to bending stresses; shear failure is brittle and must be designed to exceed flexural strength; nominal shear strength comes from concrete and steel stirrups according to code equations; design requires checking section adequacy and providing minimum steel area and maximum stirrup spacing. Critical shear sections for design are located a distance d from supports.

Lec07 Analysis and Design of Doubly Reinforced Beam (Reinforced Concrete Desi...

Hossam Shafiq II

Lec06 Analysis and Design of T Beams (Reinforced Concrete Design I & Prof. Ab...

Hossam Shafiq II

1) T-beams are commonly used structural elements that can take two forms: isolated precast T-beams or T-beams formed by the interaction of slabs and beams in buildings. 2) The analysis and design of T-beams considers the effective flange width provided by slab interaction or the dimensions of an isolated precast flange. 3) Two methods are used to analyze T-beams: assuming the stress block is in the flange and using rectangular beam theory, or using a decomposition method if the stress block extends into the web.

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