A half brick partition wall is constructed using plain bricks laid in stretcher bond formation with cement mortar. It is a basic and economical type of wall made of half brick thickness. The summary describes the key steps in constructing such a wall which are:
1. Calculating brick requirements and mixing cement mortar
2. Laying the first course of bricks on a prepared foundation
3. Cutting bricks in half where needed for staggering and continuing laying courses
4. Repeating the brick laying process until the desired wall height is reached
This document discusses arches and their elements. It defines key terms like intrados, extrados, voussoirs, crown, and springing line. It describes how arches transmit loads through compression between wedge-shaped units. Arches are classified by their shape (flat, segmental, semicircular), number of centers (one-centered, two-centered), and construction material (stone, brick, concrete). Common arch types include flat arches, segmental arches, semicircular arches, and pointed Gothic arches.
This document discusses different types of wooden flooring materials, including their characteristics, costs, and installation methods. It covers laminate flooring, engineered wood flooring, and solid wood flooring. Laminate flooring is the most affordable starting at Rs. 250/sqm, while solid wood is the most expensive. Engineered wood provides durability between laminate and solid wood at costs of Rs. 1600-14,200/sqm. The document also outlines merits and demerits of each type and describes common installation techniques like floating, glued, and nailed. Proper acclimation and stable indoor conditions are necessary to prevent issues from temperature and humidity changes.
The document defines and describes various components and types of staircases. It begins by defining a staircase and listing its objectives such as applying less effort during climbing and having steps of an ideal size. It then describes the key components of staircases including risers, treads, waists, soffits, balusters, nosings, and landings. The document goes on to explain different types of steps like bullnose, commode, dancing, and splayed steps. It also covers various types of staircases such as straight, turning, and continuous and provides examples and diagrams for each type.
types of arches in architecture
how did romans build arches
brick arches construction details
arches in building construction
brick arches construction
arch shape
architecture arches
types of arch
type of arch crossword
types of arch bridges
kind of arch crossword
types of arches in architecture
arch crossword
arch type crossword clue
different types of arches
kind of arch
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes 18 types of doors including battened and ledged doors, which are the simplest type using vertical battens and horizontal ledges. Braced and ledged doors add diagonal braces for increased strength. Framed and ledged doors improve on this with vertical styles. Panel doors consist of a frame with vertical styles and horizontal rails containing wood or other panels. Other door types discussed include glazed doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, and flush doors.
The document discusses different types of staircases and their components. It provides definitions for technical terms related to staircases like tread, riser, landing, flight, etc. It also outlines requirements for a good staircase such as location, width, pitch, headroom and balustrade requirements. Different types of staircases are classified as straight, turning, continuous and spiral. Dimensions of steps and materials used for staircase construction like timber, metal, RCC and stone are also covered.
Wooden false ceilings come in different types including drop ceilings, ceiling tiles, plank ceilings, coffered ceilings, and suspended ceilings. They are made from hardwood like teak or medium density fiber, and provide both aesthetic and functional purposes in buildings. Wooden false ceilings have advantages like providing decorative looks, insulation, and a warm feeling, but also have disadvantages of being expensive, prone to termites, and difficult to clean.
This document discusses different types of roofs and roof elements. It provides details on:
- Qualities a roof should have like weather resistance, durability, insulation, and requiring minimal maintenance.
- Roof elements like pitch, coverings, verges, ridges, eaves, dormers, and valleys.
- Different types of pitched roofs using timber or steel trusses, as well as roofs with dormers or flat roofs.
This document discusses arches and their elements. It defines key terms like intrados, extrados, voussoirs, crown, and springing line. It describes how arches transmit loads through compression between wedge-shaped units. Arches are classified by their shape (flat, segmental, semicircular), number of centers (one-centered, two-centered), and construction material (stone, brick, concrete). Common arch types include flat arches, segmental arches, semicircular arches, and pointed Gothic arches.
This document discusses different types of wooden flooring materials, including their characteristics, costs, and installation methods. It covers laminate flooring, engineered wood flooring, and solid wood flooring. Laminate flooring is the most affordable starting at Rs. 250/sqm, while solid wood is the most expensive. Engineered wood provides durability between laminate and solid wood at costs of Rs. 1600-14,200/sqm. The document also outlines merits and demerits of each type and describes common installation techniques like floating, glued, and nailed. Proper acclimation and stable indoor conditions are necessary to prevent issues from temperature and humidity changes.
The document defines and describes various components and types of staircases. It begins by defining a staircase and listing its objectives such as applying less effort during climbing and having steps of an ideal size. It then describes the key components of staircases including risers, treads, waists, soffits, balusters, nosings, and landings. The document goes on to explain different types of steps like bullnose, commode, dancing, and splayed steps. It also covers various types of staircases such as straight, turning, and continuous and provides examples and diagrams for each type.
types of arches in architecture
how did romans build arches
brick arches construction details
arches in building construction
brick arches construction
arch shape
architecture arches
types of arch
type of arch crossword
types of arch bridges
kind of arch crossword
types of arches in architecture
arch crossword
arch type crossword clue
different types of arches
kind of arch
The document discusses different types of doors. It describes 18 types of doors including battened and ledged doors, which are the simplest type using vertical battens and horizontal ledges. Braced and ledged doors add diagonal braces for increased strength. Framed and ledged doors improve on this with vertical styles. Panel doors consist of a frame with vertical styles and horizontal rails containing wood or other panels. Other door types discussed include glazed doors, louvered doors, revolving doors, sliding doors, and flush doors.
The document discusses different types of staircases and their components. It provides definitions for technical terms related to staircases like tread, riser, landing, flight, etc. It also outlines requirements for a good staircase such as location, width, pitch, headroom and balustrade requirements. Different types of staircases are classified as straight, turning, continuous and spiral. Dimensions of steps and materials used for staircase construction like timber, metal, RCC and stone are also covered.
Wooden false ceilings come in different types including drop ceilings, ceiling tiles, plank ceilings, coffered ceilings, and suspended ceilings. They are made from hardwood like teak or medium density fiber, and provide both aesthetic and functional purposes in buildings. Wooden false ceilings have advantages like providing decorative looks, insulation, and a warm feeling, but also have disadvantages of being expensive, prone to termites, and difficult to clean.
This document discusses different types of roofs and roof elements. It provides details on:
- Qualities a roof should have like weather resistance, durability, insulation, and requiring minimal maintenance.
- Roof elements like pitch, coverings, verges, ridges, eaves, dormers, and valleys.
- Different types of pitched roofs using timber or steel trusses, as well as roofs with dormers or flat roofs.
Types of staircases-details-moc3 presentationArindam Roy
Types of staircases
details
methods of construction
Architectural presentation
assignment
Stairs are used to create a pedestrian route between different vertical levels by dividing the height between the levels into manageable steps. Very generally, the word 'stairs' refers to a staircase, whereas the word 'step' refers to the steps that make up the staircase.
The type of stairs suitable for different situations will depend on:
The supporting structure.
The amount and type of usage it is likely to receive.
The space available and its geometry.
The difference in height between the top and bottom.
Materials selection
Stairs may be:
Open tread or closed tread.
Provided with handrails on one or both sides, or in the middle on wide stairs.
Enclosed by walls or open on one or both side.
Different widths and lengths and may have a range of step dimensions.
Different geometries.
Staircase used in Indian Buildings _____
South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre (SAHRDC),New Delhi
Hotel Taj,Mumbai
Mahabat Maqbara ,Junagarh
Indian Institute of Management,Ahmedabad
Om dayal college of architecture
This document provides information on brick masonry, including the components, properties, types, and bonds used. It defines key terms like stretcher, header, lap, perpend, bed, and various types of closers. It describes the classification of bricks based on field practice, strength, use, finish, manufacture, burning, and type. The types of bonds covered include stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, Flemish bond, and their essential features. Mortars are classified as cement, lime, lime-surkhi, mud, and lime-cement. The document is a comprehensive reference on brick masonry.
This document discusses different types of roofs for buildings. It describes pitched roofs, flat roofs, and curved roofs. For pitched roofs, it covers technical terms like span, rise, and pitch. It explains common roof structures like lean-to, couple, collar beam, and truss roofs. For trusses, it provides details on king post, queen post, and mansard trusses. Flat roofs include madras terrace, bengal terrace, and reinforced concrete styles. Finally, it discusses common roof covering materials like tiles, asbestos sheets, galvanized iron, and PVC.
This document provides information on doors and windows. It defines doors and windows, discusses their components like frames, shutters, and sizes. It then describes different types of doors like glazed, plastic, flush, louvered, collapsible, revolving, rolling steel, and sliding doors. For windows, it discusses considerations for size, shape, location and provides guidelines for window area based on room size and climate. It also lists common window types like casement, double hung, pivoted and sliding windows.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
The document discusses different types of cladding used in construction. It begins by defining cladding as non-structural exterior surfaces attached to buildings. It then covers 6 main types of cladding - stone, timber, metal, brick, terracotta and modern trends. For each type, it describes materials, installation methods, advantages and disadvantages. Modern trends in cladding include dynamic systems, ventilated facades, rainscreen systems and use of high-pressure laminates and fiber cement. The document provides an overview of cladding materials and their properties for architectural design and construction.
Joinery involves joining pieces of wood together through various woodworking joints. The document discusses different types of woodworking joints like butt joints, biscuit joints, bridle joints, dado joints, mortise and tenon joints, finger joints, lap joints, pocket hole joints, dovetail joints, rabbet joints, tongue and groove joints. It also discusses tools used for joinery like power tools, hand tools, clamps. Specific joints like dovetail and mortise and tenon are suitable for spiral hangers. The document provides steps for reinforcing loose joints in spiral hangers by drilling holes, inserting dowels and applying glue. It also discusses sanding techniques and different finish techniques for oak wood involving dye
Aluminium composite panels (ACPs) consist of two thin aluminium sheets bonded to a non-aluminium core. ACPs have benefits over other panel materials like being lightweight, durable, and able to be painted in a wide range of colors. They are commonly used for building exteriors and interiors, signage, ceilings, and more. ACPs offer advantages like beauty, affordability, ease of installation, weather resistance, and low maintenance. Famous structures that have used ACPs include SpaceShip Earth and the German National Library due to ACPs' cost-effectiveness, durability, and design flexibility.
Form work for R.C.C. Wall, slab, beam and column, centering for arches
of large spans and dams, design features for temporary works, slip
formwork, False work for Bridges
An arch is a structure that spans an opening and supports the weight above it using wedge-shaped units called voussoirs. Arches are classified based on their shape, number of centers, and materials used. Common shapes include segmental, semicircular, pointed, and horseshoe. Arches can have one, two, three, four, or five centers. They can be made of stone, brick, or concrete. Stone arches use rubble or ashlar stones while brick arches can be rough, axed, gauged, or purpose-made. Concrete arches are either precast block units or cast-in-place monolithically.
Vaults are arched structures usually made of masonry that are used as ceilings or canopies. There are several types of vaults including barrel vaults, groin vaults, rib vaults, and fan vaults. Traditionally, vaults were constructed using stone, brick, or timber arranged in wedge-shaped pieces. Modern vaults can be constructed out of reinforced concrete and exhibit more complex geometries. Vaults provide large covered spaces using less material than other roofing methods but require skilled construction and may have issues with moisture penetration.
This document defines roof and roofing materials. It discusses traditional Philippine roof designs like "dos aguas" and "quatro aguas". It then describes different types of roofing materials used in the Philippines like fiber, wood, slate tiles, metal, plastics, and reinforced concrete. For each material, it provides details on characteristics, common types, advantages, disadvantages and maintenance needs. The goal is to educate on roof designs and choices of roofing materials for Philippine buildings.
This document provides instructions for making mortise and tenon joints. It discusses the advantages of mortise and tenon joints, including maximizing glue area and strength from a longer tenon. It also mentions offset tenons having a fourth shoulder. The document then outlines a 3-step process for making a mortise and tenon joint from selecting materials to cutting the tenons and mortise and fitting the joints together through a trial and error process.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
The document discusses different types of cladding materials like stone, metal, timber and their purposes, benefits and installation methods. It provides details on stone cladding types, finishes, calculation of materials needed, surface preparation and the multi-step process of installing stone cladding including applying a scratch coat, laying out the stone, grouting and tooling the joints.
The document discusses wooden partitions and paneling. It describes partitions as interior walls that divide space and lists common types like timber stud, metal stud, and drywall partitions. Partitions are classified based on materials and can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Paneling is defined as rigid wall coverings made of interlocking wood or other materials. Details are provided on stud partitions, trussed partitions, and joinery details for staggered timber partitions. Various paneling materials are also listed along with assignments to detail joinery and draft partition and paneling drawings.
This document summarizes the process of constructing a brick wall. It discusses the types of bonding used in brickwork, including stretcher bond, Flemish bond, and English bond. It also outlines the materials used, including clay bricks, concrete bricks, and mortar. The method of construction is explained in 20 steps, covering preparing the foundation, laying each row of bricks, and finishing the wall. Machineries like concrete mixers and tools like trowels, levels, and shovels are also discussed. Video observations showed workers distributing mortar, mixing concrete, and finishing walls.
This document discusses masonry construction using various building blocks like bricks. It describes different types of bonds used in brick masonry like stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. It also defines various technical terms used in brick masonry like frog, header course, stretcher course, queen closer, king closer, beveled closer, and mitered closer. Important points to observe while supervising brick masonry construction are highlighted.
Types of staircases-details-moc3 presentationArindam Roy
Types of staircases
details
methods of construction
Architectural presentation
assignment
Stairs are used to create a pedestrian route between different vertical levels by dividing the height between the levels into manageable steps. Very generally, the word 'stairs' refers to a staircase, whereas the word 'step' refers to the steps that make up the staircase.
The type of stairs suitable for different situations will depend on:
The supporting structure.
The amount and type of usage it is likely to receive.
The space available and its geometry.
The difference in height between the top and bottom.
Materials selection
Stairs may be:
Open tread or closed tread.
Provided with handrails on one or both sides, or in the middle on wide stairs.
Enclosed by walls or open on one or both side.
Different widths and lengths and may have a range of step dimensions.
Different geometries.
Staircase used in Indian Buildings _____
South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre (SAHRDC),New Delhi
Hotel Taj,Mumbai
Mahabat Maqbara ,Junagarh
Indian Institute of Management,Ahmedabad
Om dayal college of architecture
This document provides information on brick masonry, including the components, properties, types, and bonds used. It defines key terms like stretcher, header, lap, perpend, bed, and various types of closers. It describes the classification of bricks based on field practice, strength, use, finish, manufacture, burning, and type. The types of bonds covered include stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, Flemish bond, and their essential features. Mortars are classified as cement, lime, lime-surkhi, mud, and lime-cement. The document is a comprehensive reference on brick masonry.
This document discusses different types of roofs for buildings. It describes pitched roofs, flat roofs, and curved roofs. For pitched roofs, it covers technical terms like span, rise, and pitch. It explains common roof structures like lean-to, couple, collar beam, and truss roofs. For trusses, it provides details on king post, queen post, and mansard trusses. Flat roofs include madras terrace, bengal terrace, and reinforced concrete styles. Finally, it discusses common roof covering materials like tiles, asbestos sheets, galvanized iron, and PVC.
This document provides information on doors and windows. It defines doors and windows, discusses their components like frames, shutters, and sizes. It then describes different types of doors like glazed, plastic, flush, louvered, collapsible, revolving, rolling steel, and sliding doors. For windows, it discusses considerations for size, shape, location and provides guidelines for window area based on room size and climate. It also lists common window types like casement, double hung, pivoted and sliding windows.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
The document discusses different types of cladding used in construction. It begins by defining cladding as non-structural exterior surfaces attached to buildings. It then covers 6 main types of cladding - stone, timber, metal, brick, terracotta and modern trends. For each type, it describes materials, installation methods, advantages and disadvantages. Modern trends in cladding include dynamic systems, ventilated facades, rainscreen systems and use of high-pressure laminates and fiber cement. The document provides an overview of cladding materials and their properties for architectural design and construction.
Joinery involves joining pieces of wood together through various woodworking joints. The document discusses different types of woodworking joints like butt joints, biscuit joints, bridle joints, dado joints, mortise and tenon joints, finger joints, lap joints, pocket hole joints, dovetail joints, rabbet joints, tongue and groove joints. It also discusses tools used for joinery like power tools, hand tools, clamps. Specific joints like dovetail and mortise and tenon are suitable for spiral hangers. The document provides steps for reinforcing loose joints in spiral hangers by drilling holes, inserting dowels and applying glue. It also discusses sanding techniques and different finish techniques for oak wood involving dye
Aluminium composite panels (ACPs) consist of two thin aluminium sheets bonded to a non-aluminium core. ACPs have benefits over other panel materials like being lightweight, durable, and able to be painted in a wide range of colors. They are commonly used for building exteriors and interiors, signage, ceilings, and more. ACPs offer advantages like beauty, affordability, ease of installation, weather resistance, and low maintenance. Famous structures that have used ACPs include SpaceShip Earth and the German National Library due to ACPs' cost-effectiveness, durability, and design flexibility.
Form work for R.C.C. Wall, slab, beam and column, centering for arches
of large spans and dams, design features for temporary works, slip
formwork, False work for Bridges
An arch is a structure that spans an opening and supports the weight above it using wedge-shaped units called voussoirs. Arches are classified based on their shape, number of centers, and materials used. Common shapes include segmental, semicircular, pointed, and horseshoe. Arches can have one, two, three, four, or five centers. They can be made of stone, brick, or concrete. Stone arches use rubble or ashlar stones while brick arches can be rough, axed, gauged, or purpose-made. Concrete arches are either precast block units or cast-in-place monolithically.
Vaults are arched structures usually made of masonry that are used as ceilings or canopies. There are several types of vaults including barrel vaults, groin vaults, rib vaults, and fan vaults. Traditionally, vaults were constructed using stone, brick, or timber arranged in wedge-shaped pieces. Modern vaults can be constructed out of reinforced concrete and exhibit more complex geometries. Vaults provide large covered spaces using less material than other roofing methods but require skilled construction and may have issues with moisture penetration.
This document defines roof and roofing materials. It discusses traditional Philippine roof designs like "dos aguas" and "quatro aguas". It then describes different types of roofing materials used in the Philippines like fiber, wood, slate tiles, metal, plastics, and reinforced concrete. For each material, it provides details on characteristics, common types, advantages, disadvantages and maintenance needs. The goal is to educate on roof designs and choices of roofing materials for Philippine buildings.
This document provides instructions for making mortise and tenon joints. It discusses the advantages of mortise and tenon joints, including maximizing glue area and strength from a longer tenon. It also mentions offset tenons having a fourth shoulder. The document then outlines a 3-step process for making a mortise and tenon joint from selecting materials to cutting the tenons and mortise and fitting the joints together through a trial and error process.
This document presents information on doors and windows. It discusses 10 common types of doors, including ledged, braced, panelled, glazed, flush, revolving, sliding, collapsible steel, and rolling steel shutter doors. It also discusses 10 types of windows, such as casement, steel, bay, clear story, corner, dormer, skylight, sliding, glazed, and pivoted windows. The document provides brief descriptions and illustrations of each door and window type. It covers the materials, uses, and basic constructions of different doors and windows.
The document discusses different types of cladding materials like stone, metal, timber and their purposes, benefits and installation methods. It provides details on stone cladding types, finishes, calculation of materials needed, surface preparation and the multi-step process of installing stone cladding including applying a scratch coat, laying out the stone, grouting and tooling the joints.
The document discusses wooden partitions and paneling. It describes partitions as interior walls that divide space and lists common types like timber stud, metal stud, and drywall partitions. Partitions are classified based on materials and can be load-bearing or non-load-bearing. Paneling is defined as rigid wall coverings made of interlocking wood or other materials. Details are provided on stud partitions, trussed partitions, and joinery details for staggered timber partitions. Various paneling materials are also listed along with assignments to detail joinery and draft partition and paneling drawings.
This document summarizes the process of constructing a brick wall. It discusses the types of bonding used in brickwork, including stretcher bond, Flemish bond, and English bond. It also outlines the materials used, including clay bricks, concrete bricks, and mortar. The method of construction is explained in 20 steps, covering preparing the foundation, laying each row of bricks, and finishing the wall. Machineries like concrete mixers and tools like trowels, levels, and shovels are also discussed. Video observations showed workers distributing mortar, mixing concrete, and finishing walls.
This document discusses masonry construction using various building blocks like bricks. It describes different types of bonds used in brick masonry like stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. It also defines various technical terms used in brick masonry like frog, header course, stretcher course, queen closer, king closer, beveled closer, and mitered closer. Important points to observe while supervising brick masonry construction are highlighted.
This is a write-up on the Basics of masonry construction. This write-up, with the help of pictures, briefly describes the tools used in masonry construction, procedures used in construction and some special considerations for masonry construction. I wrote this during my "Details of Construction" course.
This document provides information on block walling, including its advantages, standard dimensions, weights, terminology, classifications, bonding arrangements, structural stability, damp proof courses, expansion joints, compressive strength, tolerances, uniform beds and joints, and brick identification, dimensions, classifications, building to gauge, racking back, return corners, toothing, bonds, and construction steps. Block walling is a versatile, durable, and cost-effective building method that provides fire resistance, sound insulation, and inherent thermal mass.
About Brick - definition, manufacturing process, classification, types and Brick Masonry - terminology, types of bonds. ( Stretcher, Header, English and Flemish)
This document summarizes different types of bricks used in construction including clay, fly ash, and glass bricks. It discusses brick sizes, costs, classifications of burnt clay bricks from first to fourth class, and various bonding patterns used when laying bricks, including header, English, and Flemish bonds. It also lists common building elements constructed using bricks such as arches, foundations, columns, and facades.
The document summarizes information about brickwork and plastering presented during a knowledge sharing session for a construction department. It defines brickwork and the different types of masonry and bricks. It provides guidance on choosing appropriate bricks and conducting brickwork, including tools, layout, damp proof course, and curing. It also discusses mortar joints, proportions, and checks during brickwork. The document then covers plastering materials, surface preparation, types of finishes, tools, and defects. It includes photos illustrating good and bad practices for brickwork and plastering.
The document discusses different types of masonry construction and bonds used in brick masonry walls. It provides details on various types of masonry including brick, stone, concrete, veneer, and gabion masonry. It also describes different bonds used in brick masonry like stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. Key points on supervising brick masonry construction are highlighted.
A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is now used to denote rectangular units made of clay-bearing soil, sand, and lime, or concrete materials. Bricks can be joined together using mortar, adhesives or by interlocking them.[1][2] Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types, materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period, and are produced in bulk quantities. Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks.
In this slide there is a brief discussion about Types , Making & examples of bricks & also plastering
Construction Materials and Engineering - Module III - Lecture NotesSHAMJITH KM
The document discusses various construction materials and methods. It covers topics like masonry, bricks, stone masonry, types of bonds, hollow block masonry, partition walls, modern construction methods, and damp proof courses. Masonry involves arranging masonry units like stone or bricks with mortar. There are different types of bonds used in brick masonry like stretcher bond, header bond, English bond and Flemish bond. Modern methods include framed construction, prefabricated construction and earthquake resistant construction. Damp proof courses are provided to prevent entry of moisture into buildings.
The document provides details about different types of masonry work including brick masonry, stone masonry, and concrete masonry. For brick masonry, it describes the different types of bonds used (English bond, Flemish bond, etc.), bricks sizes, and terminology. It also covers the requirements for good brickwork and discusses tools used. For stone masonry, it defines types of stone masonry including ashlar, coursed rubble, and dry rubble. Precautions for masonry work and uses of expansion joints are also summarized.
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
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Brick masonry involves laying bricks together with mortar to form walls or structures. There are different brick bonds like English, Flemish, and header bonds that are used. Bricks are available in various sizes and classes depending on their quality. Masonry tools and proper techniques are needed to lay bricks correctly. Brick masonry walls provide benefits like fire resistance, durability and are economical compared to other materials.
Brick masonry involves laying bricks together with mortar to form walls or structures. There are different brick bonds like English, Flemish, and header bonds that are used. Bricks are manufactured through a process of mixing raw materials like fly ash, lime, and sand, and then pressing and curing the bricks. Brick masonry has advantages like fire resistance, durability, and economy. Proper tools, techniques, and testing help ensure high quality brick masonry.
Brick masonry involves laying bricks together with mortar to form walls or structures. There are different brick bonds like English, Flemish, and header bonds that are used. Bricks are available in various sizes and classes depending on their quality. Masonry tools and proper techniques are needed to lay bricks correctly. Tests are done to ensure brick quality and defects can occur if bricks absorb too much water or have soluble salts. Overall, brick masonry is a durable and fire resistant building method.
Brick masonry involves laying bricks together using mortar. Bricks are laid in various bond patterns with headers and stretchers. English bond and Flemish bond are common, strong bonds. Brick masonry walls are durable and fire resistant due to the thermal mass of bricks. Proper bonding, jointing, and avoiding continuous vertical joints are important for strength. Bricks are classified based on quality and used for different purposes depending on loads and importance of structure.
Brick Masonry, Advantages of Masonry, Principle In Brick Masonry Construction, Technical Terms In Brick Masonry, Bonds In Brick Masonry, Method of bonding New Brick work with old, Expansion and Contraction joint, Reinforced Masonry Walls
Cavity walls consist of two wythes (leaves) of masonry separated by an air space or cavity. The leaves are typically brick or concrete blocks bonded together with metal ties embedded in the mortar joints. The cavity provides insulation and prevents moisture from crossing between the leaves. Proper construction of cavity walls requires completely filling all mortar joints, keeping the cavity clean, and placing wall ties in the mortar at regular intervals. Good workmanship is important for cavity walls to perform well.
Brick masonry provides fire resistance, durability, and strength due to its homogeneous mass when bricks are laid in mortar. There are different types of bonds that provide varying strength, with English bond being the strongest. Bricks must meet quality standards like being uniformly shaped, emitting a clear ringing sound when struck, and having low water absorption. Proper tools and techniques are used to lay bricks in bonds with headers, stretchers, and closures to reinforce the wall structure. Brick masonry walls can be constructed using various bonds and have advantages of low cost and availability of materials.
Cross-Cultural Leadership and CommunicationMattVassar1
Business is done in many different ways across the world. How you connect with colleagues and communicate feedback constructively differs tremendously depending on where a person comes from. Drawing on the culture map from the cultural anthropologist, Erin Meyer, this class discusses how best to manage effectively across the invisible lines of culture.
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teachingDerek Wenmoth
Keynote presentation to the Educational Leaders hui Kōkiritia Marautanga held in Auckland on 26 June 2024. Provides a high level overview of the history and development of the science of learning, and implications for the design of learning in our modern schools and classrooms.
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 3)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
Hospital pharmacy and it's organization (1).pdfShwetaGawande8
The document discuss about the hospital pharmacy and it's organization ,Definition of Hospital pharmacy
,Functions of Hospital pharmacy
,Objectives of Hospital pharmacy
Location and layout of Hospital pharmacy
,Personnel and floor space requirements,
Responsibilities and functions of Hospital pharmacist
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
2. BRICK PARTITION WALL
Brick Partition walls are only made of plain bricks . Brick walls are known for their stretcher bond as the wall is
plastered at both sides. Raw materials are used to make this wall, which makes it economical.
TYPES :
INTRODUCTION :
PLAIN BRICK PARTITION WALLS.
REINFORCED BRICK PARTITION WALLS.
HOLLOW & CLAY BRICK PARTITION WALLS.
PLAIN BRICK PARTITION WALLS :
Plain brick partitions are usually half brick thick.
The bricks are laid as stretchers, in cement mortar.
Vertical joints are staggered alternate blocks
The wall is plastered on both the sides.
The wall is considerably strong and fire resistant.
Thickness of plain brick partition wall is 10cm or half a brick.
3. 1.BRICK:
Second Class Brick is Often used to construct Half Brick Partition Walls.
The size is standard, color is uniform yellow or red.
It is well burnt, slightly over burnt is acceptable.
It has a regular shape; efflorescence is not appreciable.
It emits a metallic sound when struck by another similar brick or
struck by a hammer.
The standard Size of Brick in mm is 190 x 90 x 90 mm
(Length x Width X Thickness).
2.MORTAR:
Cement mortar used for Half Brick Partition Wall.
Cement mortar is a homogenous paste of cement, sand and water and little
lime to make plastic.
Cement mortar ratio of 1:4 ( 1 Part of Cement mixed with 4 Part of Sand).
Cement mortar ratio of 1:6 ( 1 Part of Cement mixed with 6 part of Sand).
Easily workable.
Adequate strength in tension, compression, and bond for the work.
Durable.
Set quickly so that the speed of construction is ensured.
Bind the bricks or stones to give a tight joint through which water cannot
penetrate.
The joints formed by mortar should not develop cracks, and
they should be able to maintain their appearance for quite a long time.
MATERIAL USED :
4. BOND USED :
A stretcher is the longer face of the brick as seen in the elevation.
In stretcher bond masonry all the bricks are arranged in stretcher courses.
However care should be taken to break vertical joints.
This type of construction is useful for the construction half brick thick partition wall
Half brick walls or the partition walls will be measured in Sqm, which will
not exceed maximum 155 mm ((115 mm brick + 15 mm Internal plaster + 25 mm external
plaster)
A Half Brick Wall has a thickness equal to a brick split halfway along its length.
To construct 4.5” wall, it will cost 64 Rs per sq ft in India
EXAMPLE: A Half Brick Wall of Length 12.5 m and Height is 4m, area = 12.5× 4 = 50 sqm.
Using thumb rule, half brick wall or singular layer or 4″ brick wall, multiply the length of wall by
the height to get area measured in square meter.
Multiply that area by 50 to get the number of bricks you should need, then add @10% extra for
wastage and breakage during transportation storage and brick wall installation.
half brick thick wall = 50 bricks per square meter + extra 10%
MEASUREMENTS :
CALCULATION :
number of bricks for half brick wall = Area of wall in sqm × 50 + extra @10%.
consider a half brick wall of length 12.5 m and height is 4m, area = 12.5× 4 = 50 sqm number of bricks = (50 ×
50) + 10% of (50 × 50) = 2750 no.s, so there are 2750 no.s bricks
you will need for 50 square meter of half brick – thick wall.
5. LAYING OF BRICKS :
The operation of bricklaying in ordinary general work is as follows :
A layer of mortar is spread to cover the full width of the wall for a suitable length of the lower course.
The end brick is then laid on it. Each brick is then properly bedded usually with frog up.
(Bricks with 10 mm deep frog are to be laid with frogs up and bricks with 20 mm deep frog are usually laid with frog
down to save the quantity of mortar.)
A half-brick thick wall (or single layer) has a width equal to the width of one brick. The stretcher side (long side of
the brick) is exposed as bricks are laid horizontally.
This type of wall can be used as an exterior facade and placed over the top of a solid interior wall system for
additional stability, or it could be a simple garden wall.
Half-Brick walls should not be used for load bearing or structural purposes.
Half – brick walls are mainly used for the internal walls of a house.
Hall – brick wall uses single bricks lengthwise in Stretcher bond (110 mm as below).
USES :
7. PRECAUTIONS :
Half-brick walls tend to crack unless care is taken in its construction.
Brickwork in half-brick masonry is to be carried out with stretchers in 1 : 5 mortar.
In special cases, if it is considered necessary to reinforce the same (as in long lengths of walls) with two 6 mm
MS bars provided at every third or fourth course in 20 mm rich cement mortar 1 : 3. Half the mortar joint (10
mm) is first laid and the other half (10 mm) is laid after the reinforcement is placed so that it is fully embedded in
the mortar.
These walls are generally plastered with cement plastering 1 : 5 with a thickness of 12 mm. This plastering also
adds to the strength
If these walls are planned to be stopped at door height (as usually done in the tiled roofs with ceilings), the
walls should not be stopped exactly at top of the door level and abruptly left at that level.
One layer of bricks should be laid over the door frame and throughout the length of the wall and then only the
partition wall should be finished. A top layer of steel in cement mortar is also advisable
8. STEPS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HALF BRICK PARTITION WALL :
Calculate the number of bricks
Right choice of bricks – Second class brick is mostly used
Preparation of foundation
Marking of guideposts
Mixing of mortar
Laying of first brick
Cut the brick in half for the next row
Finishing of wall
9. STEP 1 : CALCULATION OF NO. OF BRICKS
STEP 2 : RIGHT CHOICE OF BRICK
Second Class Brick is often used for Half Brick Partition Wall Construction.
Compressive strength shall not be less than 70kg/cm2
Absorption value between 20-22 percent.
They shall have a minimum crushing strength of 70 kg/sq.cm.
They shall not absorb water more than 22% by weight after 24 hours
immersion in cold water.
STEP 3 : PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION
One of the most important parts of a brick wall is the foundation.
This is the support for your wall, and the trench size will depend
on the width and height of the masonry wall.
For reference, needed a half a meter deep trench for a brick wall up
to one metre in height.
check the measurements before digging as a solid trench is essential
to prevent the wall from collapsing.
Drive wooden stakes to find the optimal height for the bricks in the trench.
Spread the stakes two to four feet apart (depending on the length of the wall)
and ensure they are completely level.
The first row of bricks should sit flush in the foundation
Fill the foundation with concrete, making sure to keep it level and fill to the top of the stakes.
Leave it to dry for 2 - 3 days.
10. STEP 4 : MARKING OF GUIDEPOSTS
After foundation, need to set up gauging rods to ensure
the brickwork is consistently level.
The easiest way to do this is to get a piece of timber and cut it to the height of
the finished wall.
Next, mark 65mm lines (if using standard sized bricks) to determine
where each row (also known as a course) should be.
Make sure these are freestanding and in the ground at either end
of the masonry wall.
Set up a string line from one gauging rod to the other.
This will be for the second row of bricks, as the first string will be
sitting in the trench.
Make sure the line is straight and level with no sag.
STEP 5 : MIXING OF MORTAR
Next, mix the mortar on an old damp board as the strength of the wall
can depend on mortar mix.
The mortar should slip easily from your shovel, although the mixture
should be firm enough to hold its shape.
Don't let the mortar sit for more than an hour or two.
Soak the bricks in water and let them drip dry.
This will ensure that they bond correctly with the mortar.
Although, make sure that there is no water running off the bricks as
it can make the mortar too wet.
11. STEP 6 : LAYING OF FIRST BRICK
Once the foundation is dry, it's time to get started! Place mortar on the foundation
and make a 'v' shape along the mortar with your trowel.
Creating a 'v' shaped trench spreads the mortar out and makes it easier to
lay the course.
Place the brick in the mortar and press it firmly into place, taking care to
make it level
Grab the next brick and add mortar to the short edge before placing it down
hard up against the first brick.
Tap it into place and remove any excess mortar with the trowel.
The remaining mortar can be reused as long as it is free from any dirt or debris.
Repeat the process for the first course. Check that the bricks are flush using the
spirit level.
Also, ensure you consistently keep 10mm of mortar between the bricks.
Otherwise, the strength of the wall may be compromised.
12. STEP 7 : CUT THE BRICK IN HALF FOR THE NEXT ROW
Make sure the string line is set up for this row to know the height need to achieve. Bricks should always be
staggered to provide added strength and support.
However, a staggered wall means may need to cut a brick in half.
Grab the brick and tap firmly in the middle with the pointed end of hammer. the brick should break in half.
Place the bolster in the Centre of the brick and tap firmly using the hammer. A crack should start to appear.
Hit the bolster hard once more, and the brick should break away cleanly
It doesn't need to be an entirely clean cut, as the rough edges can help attach the brick to the mortar
13. STEP 8 : REPEAT THE PROCESS TO BUILD THE BRICK WALL
Now it's time for the second course! Start the row by placing the cut brick down on a bed of mortar.
Make sure the string line is in the right place, and the brick meets the string.
Place the next brick, check that it is flush and continue.
Repeat the process until the completion of second course.
Continue working the way upward until reach the desired height.
Move the string line with each row and continuously check that the wall is level.
Don't forget to include the 10mm for mortar!.
STEP 9 : FINISHING OF WALL