This document analyzes the influence of retrofitting reinforced concrete bridge columns on the seismic performance of bridges. Finite element models of box-girder bridges with varying column sizes (0.54m x 0.54m, 1m x 1m, 1.2m x 1.2m) and skew angles (30°, 45°, 60°) were created and analyzed using time history analysis. Retrofitting the columns by increasing their size decreased the natural frequency and increased the time period of the bridges. It also decreased the base shear, reducing the seismic demand on the bridges. Larger column sizes of 1m x 1m and 1.2m x 1.2m provided more strength and stiffness, improving the
IRJET-Parametric Study of Bridge Piers IRJET Journal
This document presents a parametric study of bridge piers conducted using the Midas Civil finite element analysis software. Various integral pier models were analyzed with different widths and thicknesses but a constant height of 10 meters. The study aims to understand the effects of changing pier width and thickness on displacement, stresses, concrete quantity, and steel quantity. Linear static analysis was performed and results were extracted for different pier cases. The findings show that total displacement and stresses increase with decreasing pier width. Concrete and steel quantities also vary with pier width and thickness.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET-Seismic Performance of High Rise Flat Slab Building with Various Latera...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story flat slab building with various lateral load resisting systems (LLRS) using time history analysis. The building is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software, with the Bhuj earthquake data applied. Results are presented for parameters like story displacement, drift, period, and base shear. Center shear walls with perimeter beams and center shear walls with exterior bracing showed the best performance, reducing story displacement in the Y direction by up to 74% compared to the bare frame building. Center-center shear walls and perimeter beams reduced drift the most, by up to 83% in the X direction. The analysis determines the most effective LLRS for flat slab high-rise buildings in seismic
IRJET- Seismic Behaviour of Buildings Resting on Sloping GroundIRJET Journal
The document presents research on the seismic behavior of buildings located on sloping ground. Step back and step back-set back building configurations are studied, which have varying column heights and mass/stiffness distributions. Finite element models of 5-story and 10-story buildings are analyzed using software. Results for story displacements, drifts, base shear, and frequencies are obtained. The effects of different bays and sloping angles are investigated to understand performance during earthquakes.
Structural Health Monitoring and Strengthening Of BridgesEditor IJCATR
This paper presents one bridge which were either rehabilitated or strengthened by using FRP composites. The resulting structure was then tested for the effect after using FRP composites for Rehabilitation and strengthening. In this paper, Structural Health Monitoring basics are covered and need for SHM in future in or India scenario. Use of FRP composites in Rehabilitation and Strengthening of structures is becoming increasingly popular and is opening new possibilities in construction and rehabilitation of structures.
Effect of skew angle on uplift and deflection of rcc skew slabeSAT Journals
Abstract The study deals with the finite element modeling of simply supported skew slab with varying skew angles using ANSYS software. The behavior of the simply supported skew slab under point load applied at the centre depends on the ratio of short diagonal to its span. Skew slabs with ratio of short diagonal to span less than unity show lifting of acute corners whereas slabs with ratio of short diagonal to span greater than unity do not. Skew slab specimen with ratio of short diagonal to span less than unity is considered here for studying the effect of skew angle on the behavior of skew slab. The dimensions of skew slab were taken from available experimental data. In this paper skew angles varying from 0º to 30º were taken for the study. After the nonlinear finite element analysis of all skew slabs it is revealed that when skew angle increases the uplift at both the acute corners also increases. The result also suggests that the load carrying capacity increases with increase in skew angle. Keywords: Reinforced concrete, Finite element analysis, Skew slab, Uplift
Study on Concentric Steel Bracing at Soft Storey During EarthquakeIRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of adding concentric steel bracing at the soft storey of an 8-story building during an earthquake. A soft storey is the ground floor that is left open for parking. 8 building models are analyzed: a bare frame, fully infilled except the first storey, and models with X-bracing, inverted V-bracing, or different steel sections added at the soft storey. The analysis uses equivalent static analysis in Etabs software to compare storey displacements, bending moments, time periods between the models. Results show that models with bracing at the soft storey experience less displacement and bending moments compared to the bare frame model, with X-bracing performing slightly better than
IRJET - Seismic Analysis of a High Rise Building Provided with Crescent Shape...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story building provided with different types of steel braces, including crescent-shaped braces (CSBs), K-shaped braces, and V-shaped braces. A finite element model of the building was created in ETABS software and dynamic analysis was performed under different ground motions. The maximum displacement and drift were compared for models with the different brace configurations. The results showed that CSBs significantly reduced the seismic response of the building compared to K-shaped and V-shaped braces, with maximum reductions in displacement of around 20% and drift of around 20%. Therefore, the study concluded that CSBs provide more effective seismic resistance than traditional brace types for high-rise buildings.
IRJET-Parametric Study of Bridge Piers IRJET Journal
This document presents a parametric study of bridge piers conducted using the Midas Civil finite element analysis software. Various integral pier models were analyzed with different widths and thicknesses but a constant height of 10 meters. The study aims to understand the effects of changing pier width and thickness on displacement, stresses, concrete quantity, and steel quantity. Linear static analysis was performed and results were extracted for different pier cases. The findings show that total displacement and stresses increase with decreasing pier width. Concrete and steel quantities also vary with pier width and thickness.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET-Seismic Performance of High Rise Flat Slab Building with Various Latera...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story flat slab building with various lateral load resisting systems (LLRS) using time history analysis. The building is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software, with the Bhuj earthquake data applied. Results are presented for parameters like story displacement, drift, period, and base shear. Center shear walls with perimeter beams and center shear walls with exterior bracing showed the best performance, reducing story displacement in the Y direction by up to 74% compared to the bare frame building. Center-center shear walls and perimeter beams reduced drift the most, by up to 83% in the X direction. The analysis determines the most effective LLRS for flat slab high-rise buildings in seismic
IRJET- Seismic Behaviour of Buildings Resting on Sloping GroundIRJET Journal
The document presents research on the seismic behavior of buildings located on sloping ground. Step back and step back-set back building configurations are studied, which have varying column heights and mass/stiffness distributions. Finite element models of 5-story and 10-story buildings are analyzed using software. Results for story displacements, drifts, base shear, and frequencies are obtained. The effects of different bays and sloping angles are investigated to understand performance during earthquakes.
Structural Health Monitoring and Strengthening Of BridgesEditor IJCATR
This paper presents one bridge which were either rehabilitated or strengthened by using FRP composites. The resulting structure was then tested for the effect after using FRP composites for Rehabilitation and strengthening. In this paper, Structural Health Monitoring basics are covered and need for SHM in future in or India scenario. Use of FRP composites in Rehabilitation and Strengthening of structures is becoming increasingly popular and is opening new possibilities in construction and rehabilitation of structures.
Effect of skew angle on uplift and deflection of rcc skew slabeSAT Journals
Abstract The study deals with the finite element modeling of simply supported skew slab with varying skew angles using ANSYS software. The behavior of the simply supported skew slab under point load applied at the centre depends on the ratio of short diagonal to its span. Skew slabs with ratio of short diagonal to span less than unity show lifting of acute corners whereas slabs with ratio of short diagonal to span greater than unity do not. Skew slab specimen with ratio of short diagonal to span less than unity is considered here for studying the effect of skew angle on the behavior of skew slab. The dimensions of skew slab were taken from available experimental data. In this paper skew angles varying from 0º to 30º were taken for the study. After the nonlinear finite element analysis of all skew slabs it is revealed that when skew angle increases the uplift at both the acute corners also increases. The result also suggests that the load carrying capacity increases with increase in skew angle. Keywords: Reinforced concrete, Finite element analysis, Skew slab, Uplift
Study on Concentric Steel Bracing at Soft Storey During EarthquakeIRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of adding concentric steel bracing at the soft storey of an 8-story building during an earthquake. A soft storey is the ground floor that is left open for parking. 8 building models are analyzed: a bare frame, fully infilled except the first storey, and models with X-bracing, inverted V-bracing, or different steel sections added at the soft storey. The analysis uses equivalent static analysis in Etabs software to compare storey displacements, bending moments, time periods between the models. Results show that models with bracing at the soft storey experience less displacement and bending moments compared to the bare frame model, with X-bracing performing slightly better than
IRJET - Seismic Analysis of a High Rise Building Provided with Crescent Shape...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story building provided with different types of steel braces, including crescent-shaped braces (CSBs), K-shaped braces, and V-shaped braces. A finite element model of the building was created in ETABS software and dynamic analysis was performed under different ground motions. The maximum displacement and drift were compared for models with the different brace configurations. The results showed that CSBs significantly reduced the seismic response of the building compared to K-shaped and V-shaped braces, with maximum reductions in displacement of around 20% and drift of around 20%. Therefore, the study concluded that CSBs provide more effective seismic resistance than traditional brace types for high-rise buildings.
Influence of Outrigger system in RC Structures for Different Seismic ZonesIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the influence of outrigger systems in reinforced concrete structures in different seismic zones. It models and analyzes a 35-story building with and without outriggers using finite element software. The outrigger system is varied by changing the relative stiffness ratio (do/d) from 1 to 5 at different heights. Results show lateral displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear decrease as relative stiffness increases in all zones. Maximum reductions occur in Zone 5, while differences between zones are small. Inter-story drift is highest between 5-15m. Base shear is highest for the stiffest outrigger model and lowest for the bare frame. In conclusion, outrigger systems effectively reduce displacement and drift, while increasing base
IRJET - Performance Evaluation of Unsymmetrical High-Rise Building with Diffe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of different structural techniques for unsymmetrical high-rise buildings under critical lateral load conditions. Four structural models were analyzed using ETABS software: frame tube structure, tube in tube structure, braced frame structure, and frame structure with outrigger system. Parameters like story drift, lateral displacement, base shear, and story displacement were compared. Results showed that the braced frame structure performed best by reducing lateral displacement by up to 40% and story drift by 48-52% compared to the other structures. Therefore, the braced frame structure is recommended as the better system for high-rise buildings.
Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridge Using OPENSEESIJMER
The document discusses seismic assessment of an existing two-span bridge near Korti, India using the OpenSees software framework. The bridge is modeled using nonlinear fiber sections for the column and nonlinear springs for the abutments. Two earthquake ground motions are applied and the bridge response is analyzed to evaluate 11 performance groups. The demands on the bridge components are found to be within collapse limits and capacity, indicating the bridge response is acceptable under the ground motions and no retrofitting is needed to mitigate seismic risk.
Parametric study of light gauge steel lipped channel column sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract Light gauge steel lipped channel sections are being used popularly in shops, factories, automobile engineering and industries on account of their high strength to width ratio, simplicity in construction, flexibility in fabrication and high structural efficiency. A lot of research work has been carried out to study the structural behavior of axially loaded light gauge steel lipped column sections considering different parameters. However, structural behavior of light gauge steel lipped channel sections under eccentric loading has not received much attention. The present paper focuses on the experimental study of structural behavior of light gauge steel lipped channel sections under eccentric loading by varying loading position in between center of gravity and shear center of channel column section. Finite element analysis of the section is also done using Abaqus software for different positions of the load. The results indicate that, load carrying capacity of the section increases as the loading position shifts towards supported edge of the section. The failure of the section occurs in the form of local-distortional buckling approximately between 1/3rd - ½ of the height of column. Results obtained by software are found to be in good agreement with experimental results. Keywords – Light Gauge Lipped Channel Column, Structural Behavior, Local Buckling, Finite Element Analysis, Abaqus etc
IRJET- Review on Study of Behaviour of Seismic Analysis of Floating Colum...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing the behavior of multi-storey buildings with floating columns during seismic activity. 12 building models are analyzed - 6 square buildings and 6 rectangular buildings, with floating columns placed at different floors. Static analysis is performed using SAP2000 software. Results show that buildings with floating columns experience increased storey drift, displacement, and base shear compared to buildings without floating columns. The presence of floating columns, which are more common in modern construction, can negatively impact a building's performance in seismic zones.
Seismic Response of R.C Multi-storeyed Building Strengthened by Dual Column F...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the seismic response of reinforced concrete multi-story buildings strengthened with a dual column frame system. The study used nonlinear time history analysis to evaluate peak displacement, base shear, and inter-story drift for RC buildings with and without a linked column frame (LCF) system. Key findings include that providing an LCF system with a link spacing of 1.1m reduced peak displacement by 43% for a 4-story building, 35% for a 7-story building, and 39% for an 11-story building compared to identical buildings without an LCF. The LCF also generally reduced peak accelerations and inter-story drift compared to buildings without column linking, indicating LCFs help
This document outlines specifications for concrete finishers used in construction. It specifies requirements for materials, size, construction, capacity, and performance. Key aspects include:
- Concrete finishers are used after spreaders to finish concrete laid by pavers.
- Materials must meet relevant Indian standards. Common sizes are 3-4.5m and 6-7.5m widths.
- Construction includes a steel frame, traction wheels, steering, adjustable screeds, vibrator attachment, drives, controls, and a diesel or petrol power unit.
- Performance requirements ensure the finisher can operate under different conditions to finish concrete slabs within specifications.
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Different Shape of RC Building by usin...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on seismic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using viscous dampers. It summarizes 6 research papers that analyzed the effects of viscous dampers on RC buildings. The main findings are:
1) Viscous dampers reduce displacement, drift, acceleration, and velocity responses in RC buildings compared to buildings without dampers. Dampers placed at lower floors provide better seismic performance.
2) Dampers can reduce displacement by up to 85% and drift by up to 78% compared to bare frames without dampers.
3) Dampers placed at lower floors are most effective at reducing displacement, drift, and increasing the time period of the structure compared to damp
IRJET- Behaviour of Prefabricated Steel Reinforced Concrete Column with C...IRJET Journal
This study analyzes the behavior of prefabricated steel reinforced concrete (PSRC) columns with and without a concrete core through finite element analysis. 30 column models were analyzed under various load eccentricities. The results show that PSRC columns with a concrete core had higher load capacities and better deformation behavior compared to columns without a core. Scattered square core specimens performed the best with a 5.1% higher load capacity due to a more uniform distribution of moment of inertia.
IRJET- Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Steel Building using Different Types of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of steel buildings with different bracing systems. The study uses nonlinear time history analysis to compare the seismic response of 5-story and 15-story steel frame buildings with moment resisting frames and various braced frames, including X-braced, V-braced, inverted V-braced, and eccentrically braced frames. The analysis indicates that braced frames have higher base shear but lower story displacements compared to moment resisting frames. For 5-story buildings, X-bracing performed best at reducing displacements. For 15-story buildings, X-bracing and eccentrically braced frames showed the best seismic performance.
IRJET- Dynamic Analysis of Tall Tubular Steel Structures of Hexagon Configura...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the dynamic analysis of tall tubular steel structures with hexagonal configurations. It aims to understand the behavior of such structures compared to traditional steel beam-column frames. Models of an 88-story office building are created in ETABS with different structural systems - a steel moment frame, hexagonal tubular frame, and hexagonal frame with diagonal bracing. The models are analyzed under wind, gravity, and earthquake loads. Results for base shear, displacements, drifts and frequencies are compared between the systems. The study aims to determine the optimal geometric configuration for tall tubular steel structures.
IRJET- Analysis of T-Beam Bridge with Mild Steel Strip in various PositionsIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the use of mild steel strips in various positions within the web of a T-beam bridge to reduce deflection under service loads. Three models of a 16m span bridge were created - one without steel strips, one with strips along the full depth of the web, and one with strips at the top and bottom of the web. Analysis in ANSYS found that both strip configurations reduced deformation compared to the conventional bridge, with full depth strips performing slightly better.
Seismic performance of r c buildings on sloping grounds with different types ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Structure are highly susceptible to serve damages in earthquake scenario, so choosing an appropriate lateral force resisting
bracing systems will have a significant effect on performance of the structure. So this present study is aimed at evaluating and
comparing various types of eccentric steel bracings for 12 storey RC frame building resisting on sloping ground configurations.
For this 5 types of bracing systems like X-Bracing, Diagonal bracing, K- bracing, V-bracing and inverted V bracing are
considered on the outer periphery of the buildings with step back and set back – step back type configurations are modeled and
analyzed. The models are compared for different aspects within the structure, such as the maximum storey displacement, base
shear, storey drift and storey shear, the structure is analyzed for seismic zone V and medium soil condition as per IS 1893:2002
using ETABS software. Results conclude that on sloping ground due to irregularity on ground surface, the structures are more
vulnerable to earthquakes. Hence use of eccentric steel bracing is an effective and economical way to resist earthquake forces,
Inverted V type bracing performs well compared to other bracing types. By using inverted V type bracing in step back buildings
types maximum storey displacement of 70% and storey drift of 66% are obtained. Similarly for setback – step back configuration
maximum storey displacement of 74% and storey drift of 70% are obtained respectively.
Keywords: X-Bracing, Diagonal Bracing, K- Bracing, V-Bracing and Inverted V Bracing
Design and analasys of a g+3 residential building using staadgopichand's
This document presents a graduation project analyzing and designing a G+3 residential building using STAAD Pro software. The objectives are to carry out analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, columns, and shear walls and get experience with STAAD Pro and AutoCAD. The project building consists of 3 repeated floors in Hyderabad. The document discusses analyzing loads, modeling the building in STAAD Pro, designing columns, beams, slabs, and foundations, and concludes with the advantages and limitations of using structural analysis software.
This document analyzes the effect of skew on stress resultants in T-beam bridges under various Indian Road Congress (IRC) loading conditions. T-beam bridge models with spans of 14m and varying skew angles from 0-45 degrees were modeled and analyzed using CSi Bridge software. The results show that bending moment, shear force, and torsion increase with higher skew angles and heavier loadings. Specifically, IRC AA tracked loading produces 10-15% higher bending moments than IRC 70R loading. IRC AA tracked and wheeled loadings also produce significantly different stress responses, with up to 40% variation. The analysis provides guidance on the behavior of skewed T-beam bridges under IRC standard loadings.
Analysis, Design and Estimation of Basement +G+2 Residential BuildingIRJET Journal
This document describes the analysis, design, and estimation of a residential building with a basement plus two stories above ground (G+2). The structural analysis was performed using ETABS software to determine bending moments, shear forces, and maximum displacements. All structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings were designed according to Indian codes and standards. The planning and design of the reinforced concrete structure followed the National Building Code of India. Load calculations, material properties, section sizing, modeling, analysis, and design of the building are discussed in detail. The quantitative cost estimation of the building is also presented.
The document summarizes the planning, analysis, and design of a multispecialty hospital building. It includes the objectives to prepare architectural drawings, analyze the G+2 building using STAAD Pro, and design the building according to IS 456:2000 using the working stress method. It describes analyzing the building's ability to resist lateral loads. Maximum bending moments in beams and columns will depend on their relative rigidity. Structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, and staircases will be designed according to code specifications using the working stress method.
IRJET- Comparative Seismic Evaluation of Response of RC Building with Shear W...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative seismic evaluation of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems, including shear walls, X-bracing, V-bracing, and combined V-bracing. Three models are analyzed: an unbraced frame, frames with bracing at corner bays, and frames with bracing at the 3rd and 5th bays. Response spectrum analysis is conducted using ETABS software to determine seismic parameters like maximum displacement, drift, base shear, and time period. Results show that shear walls and bracing systems reduce displacement and drift compared to an unbraced frame, with shear walls performing the best in minimizing seismic response.
Design & Analysis of High rise Building With & Without Floating Column Using ...IJSRD
At present buildings with floating column is a typical feature in the modern multistory construction in urban India. There are many projects in which floating columns are adopted, especially above the ground floor, where transfer girders are employed, so that more open space is available in the ground floor. As the load path in the floating columns is not continuous, they are more vulnerable to the seismic activity. Sometimes, to meet the requirements these type of aspects cannot be avoided though these are not found to be of safe. Hence, an attempt is taken to study the behavior of a G+15 multi storey building in which some storey’s are considered for commercial purpose and remaining storey’s are for residential purpose. This paper studies the comparison & seismic analysis of the multistory buildings with floating column and without floating column. Finally, analysis & results in the high rise building such as storey drifts, storey displacement, and Base shear were shown in this study. Design and Analysis was carried out by using Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems (ETABS) Software.
IRJET- Study of Response of Wall Type Pier for Varying Width of Superstru...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic response of wall-type bridge piers with varying superstructure widths. Finite element models of piers were developed in MIDAS Civil for superstructure widths of 8m, 10m, 12.5m, and 16m. Response spectrum analysis was conducted according to Indian codes to obtain bending stresses, natural periods, and modal mass participation. Results showed natural periods decreased for the first two modes as width increased. Stresses also decreased with increasing width. Modal mass participation saw little change with varying width. In conclusion, wider superstructures led to improved seismic performance of wall-type piers.
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
Parametric Study on Curved Bridges Subjected to Seismic LoadingIRJET Journal
- The document presents a study on the behavior of curved bridges subjected to seismic loading. Two bridge types - box girder bridge and I-girder bridge - are modeled with varying radius of curvature (infinite, 150m, 250m) and column skewness (0, 15, 30 degrees).
- Linear static and non-linear pushover analyses are performed on the bridge models in CSI Bridge software. Modal periods and pushover curves are obtained and compared for different models.
- The results show that increasing the radius of curvature decreases the transverse vibration period. Increased skewness and smaller radii of curvature reduce the seismic resistance of the bridges as seen from decreased strength and stiffness in the pushover
Influence of Outrigger system in RC Structures for Different Seismic ZonesIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the influence of outrigger systems in reinforced concrete structures in different seismic zones. It models and analyzes a 35-story building with and without outriggers using finite element software. The outrigger system is varied by changing the relative stiffness ratio (do/d) from 1 to 5 at different heights. Results show lateral displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear decrease as relative stiffness increases in all zones. Maximum reductions occur in Zone 5, while differences between zones are small. Inter-story drift is highest between 5-15m. Base shear is highest for the stiffest outrigger model and lowest for the bare frame. In conclusion, outrigger systems effectively reduce displacement and drift, while increasing base
IRJET - Performance Evaluation of Unsymmetrical High-Rise Building with Diffe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of different structural techniques for unsymmetrical high-rise buildings under critical lateral load conditions. Four structural models were analyzed using ETABS software: frame tube structure, tube in tube structure, braced frame structure, and frame structure with outrigger system. Parameters like story drift, lateral displacement, base shear, and story displacement were compared. Results showed that the braced frame structure performed best by reducing lateral displacement by up to 40% and story drift by 48-52% compared to the other structures. Therefore, the braced frame structure is recommended as the better system for high-rise buildings.
Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridge Using OPENSEESIJMER
The document discusses seismic assessment of an existing two-span bridge near Korti, India using the OpenSees software framework. The bridge is modeled using nonlinear fiber sections for the column and nonlinear springs for the abutments. Two earthquake ground motions are applied and the bridge response is analyzed to evaluate 11 performance groups. The demands on the bridge components are found to be within collapse limits and capacity, indicating the bridge response is acceptable under the ground motions and no retrofitting is needed to mitigate seismic risk.
Parametric study of light gauge steel lipped channel column sectioneSAT Journals
Abstract Light gauge steel lipped channel sections are being used popularly in shops, factories, automobile engineering and industries on account of their high strength to width ratio, simplicity in construction, flexibility in fabrication and high structural efficiency. A lot of research work has been carried out to study the structural behavior of axially loaded light gauge steel lipped column sections considering different parameters. However, structural behavior of light gauge steel lipped channel sections under eccentric loading has not received much attention. The present paper focuses on the experimental study of structural behavior of light gauge steel lipped channel sections under eccentric loading by varying loading position in between center of gravity and shear center of channel column section. Finite element analysis of the section is also done using Abaqus software for different positions of the load. The results indicate that, load carrying capacity of the section increases as the loading position shifts towards supported edge of the section. The failure of the section occurs in the form of local-distortional buckling approximately between 1/3rd - ½ of the height of column. Results obtained by software are found to be in good agreement with experimental results. Keywords – Light Gauge Lipped Channel Column, Structural Behavior, Local Buckling, Finite Element Analysis, Abaqus etc
IRJET- Review on Study of Behaviour of Seismic Analysis of Floating Colum...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing the behavior of multi-storey buildings with floating columns during seismic activity. 12 building models are analyzed - 6 square buildings and 6 rectangular buildings, with floating columns placed at different floors. Static analysis is performed using SAP2000 software. Results show that buildings with floating columns experience increased storey drift, displacement, and base shear compared to buildings without floating columns. The presence of floating columns, which are more common in modern construction, can negatively impact a building's performance in seismic zones.
Seismic Response of R.C Multi-storeyed Building Strengthened by Dual Column F...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the seismic response of reinforced concrete multi-story buildings strengthened with a dual column frame system. The study used nonlinear time history analysis to evaluate peak displacement, base shear, and inter-story drift for RC buildings with and without a linked column frame (LCF) system. Key findings include that providing an LCF system with a link spacing of 1.1m reduced peak displacement by 43% for a 4-story building, 35% for a 7-story building, and 39% for an 11-story building compared to identical buildings without an LCF. The LCF also generally reduced peak accelerations and inter-story drift compared to buildings without column linking, indicating LCFs help
This document outlines specifications for concrete finishers used in construction. It specifies requirements for materials, size, construction, capacity, and performance. Key aspects include:
- Concrete finishers are used after spreaders to finish concrete laid by pavers.
- Materials must meet relevant Indian standards. Common sizes are 3-4.5m and 6-7.5m widths.
- Construction includes a steel frame, traction wheels, steering, adjustable screeds, vibrator attachment, drives, controls, and a diesel or petrol power unit.
- Performance requirements ensure the finisher can operate under different conditions to finish concrete slabs within specifications.
IRJET- A Review of Seismic Analysis of Different Shape of RC Building by usin...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on seismic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using viscous dampers. It summarizes 6 research papers that analyzed the effects of viscous dampers on RC buildings. The main findings are:
1) Viscous dampers reduce displacement, drift, acceleration, and velocity responses in RC buildings compared to buildings without dampers. Dampers placed at lower floors provide better seismic performance.
2) Dampers can reduce displacement by up to 85% and drift by up to 78% compared to bare frames without dampers.
3) Dampers placed at lower floors are most effective at reducing displacement, drift, and increasing the time period of the structure compared to damp
IRJET- Behaviour of Prefabricated Steel Reinforced Concrete Column with C...IRJET Journal
This study analyzes the behavior of prefabricated steel reinforced concrete (PSRC) columns with and without a concrete core through finite element analysis. 30 column models were analyzed under various load eccentricities. The results show that PSRC columns with a concrete core had higher load capacities and better deformation behavior compared to columns without a core. Scattered square core specimens performed the best with a 5.1% higher load capacity due to a more uniform distribution of moment of inertia.
IRJET- Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Steel Building using Different Types of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of steel buildings with different bracing systems. The study uses nonlinear time history analysis to compare the seismic response of 5-story and 15-story steel frame buildings with moment resisting frames and various braced frames, including X-braced, V-braced, inverted V-braced, and eccentrically braced frames. The analysis indicates that braced frames have higher base shear but lower story displacements compared to moment resisting frames. For 5-story buildings, X-bracing performed best at reducing displacements. For 15-story buildings, X-bracing and eccentrically braced frames showed the best seismic performance.
IRJET- Dynamic Analysis of Tall Tubular Steel Structures of Hexagon Configura...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the dynamic analysis of tall tubular steel structures with hexagonal configurations. It aims to understand the behavior of such structures compared to traditional steel beam-column frames. Models of an 88-story office building are created in ETABS with different structural systems - a steel moment frame, hexagonal tubular frame, and hexagonal frame with diagonal bracing. The models are analyzed under wind, gravity, and earthquake loads. Results for base shear, displacements, drifts and frequencies are compared between the systems. The study aims to determine the optimal geometric configuration for tall tubular steel structures.
IRJET- Analysis of T-Beam Bridge with Mild Steel Strip in various PositionsIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the use of mild steel strips in various positions within the web of a T-beam bridge to reduce deflection under service loads. Three models of a 16m span bridge were created - one without steel strips, one with strips along the full depth of the web, and one with strips at the top and bottom of the web. Analysis in ANSYS found that both strip configurations reduced deformation compared to the conventional bridge, with full depth strips performing slightly better.
Seismic performance of r c buildings on sloping grounds with different types ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Structure are highly susceptible to serve damages in earthquake scenario, so choosing an appropriate lateral force resisting
bracing systems will have a significant effect on performance of the structure. So this present study is aimed at evaluating and
comparing various types of eccentric steel bracings for 12 storey RC frame building resisting on sloping ground configurations.
For this 5 types of bracing systems like X-Bracing, Diagonal bracing, K- bracing, V-bracing and inverted V bracing are
considered on the outer periphery of the buildings with step back and set back – step back type configurations are modeled and
analyzed. The models are compared for different aspects within the structure, such as the maximum storey displacement, base
shear, storey drift and storey shear, the structure is analyzed for seismic zone V and medium soil condition as per IS 1893:2002
using ETABS software. Results conclude that on sloping ground due to irregularity on ground surface, the structures are more
vulnerable to earthquakes. Hence use of eccentric steel bracing is an effective and economical way to resist earthquake forces,
Inverted V type bracing performs well compared to other bracing types. By using inverted V type bracing in step back buildings
types maximum storey displacement of 70% and storey drift of 66% are obtained. Similarly for setback – step back configuration
maximum storey displacement of 74% and storey drift of 70% are obtained respectively.
Keywords: X-Bracing, Diagonal Bracing, K- Bracing, V-Bracing and Inverted V Bracing
Design and analasys of a g+3 residential building using staadgopichand's
This document presents a graduation project analyzing and designing a G+3 residential building using STAAD Pro software. The objectives are to carry out analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, columns, and shear walls and get experience with STAAD Pro and AutoCAD. The project building consists of 3 repeated floors in Hyderabad. The document discusses analyzing loads, modeling the building in STAAD Pro, designing columns, beams, slabs, and foundations, and concludes with the advantages and limitations of using structural analysis software.
This document analyzes the effect of skew on stress resultants in T-beam bridges under various Indian Road Congress (IRC) loading conditions. T-beam bridge models with spans of 14m and varying skew angles from 0-45 degrees were modeled and analyzed using CSi Bridge software. The results show that bending moment, shear force, and torsion increase with higher skew angles and heavier loadings. Specifically, IRC AA tracked loading produces 10-15% higher bending moments than IRC 70R loading. IRC AA tracked and wheeled loadings also produce significantly different stress responses, with up to 40% variation. The analysis provides guidance on the behavior of skewed T-beam bridges under IRC standard loadings.
Analysis, Design and Estimation of Basement +G+2 Residential BuildingIRJET Journal
This document describes the analysis, design, and estimation of a residential building with a basement plus two stories above ground (G+2). The structural analysis was performed using ETABS software to determine bending moments, shear forces, and maximum displacements. All structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings were designed according to Indian codes and standards. The planning and design of the reinforced concrete structure followed the National Building Code of India. Load calculations, material properties, section sizing, modeling, analysis, and design of the building are discussed in detail. The quantitative cost estimation of the building is also presented.
The document summarizes the planning, analysis, and design of a multispecialty hospital building. It includes the objectives to prepare architectural drawings, analyze the G+2 building using STAAD Pro, and design the building according to IS 456:2000 using the working stress method. It describes analyzing the building's ability to resist lateral loads. Maximum bending moments in beams and columns will depend on their relative rigidity. Structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, and staircases will be designed according to code specifications using the working stress method.
IRJET- Comparative Seismic Evaluation of Response of RC Building with Shear W...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative seismic evaluation of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems, including shear walls, X-bracing, V-bracing, and combined V-bracing. Three models are analyzed: an unbraced frame, frames with bracing at corner bays, and frames with bracing at the 3rd and 5th bays. Response spectrum analysis is conducted using ETABS software to determine seismic parameters like maximum displacement, drift, base shear, and time period. Results show that shear walls and bracing systems reduce displacement and drift compared to an unbraced frame, with shear walls performing the best in minimizing seismic response.
Design & Analysis of High rise Building With & Without Floating Column Using ...IJSRD
At present buildings with floating column is a typical feature in the modern multistory construction in urban India. There are many projects in which floating columns are adopted, especially above the ground floor, where transfer girders are employed, so that more open space is available in the ground floor. As the load path in the floating columns is not continuous, they are more vulnerable to the seismic activity. Sometimes, to meet the requirements these type of aspects cannot be avoided though these are not found to be of safe. Hence, an attempt is taken to study the behavior of a G+15 multi storey building in which some storey’s are considered for commercial purpose and remaining storey’s are for residential purpose. This paper studies the comparison & seismic analysis of the multistory buildings with floating column and without floating column. Finally, analysis & results in the high rise building such as storey drifts, storey displacement, and Base shear were shown in this study. Design and Analysis was carried out by using Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems (ETABS) Software.
IRJET- Study of Response of Wall Type Pier for Varying Width of Superstru...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic response of wall-type bridge piers with varying superstructure widths. Finite element models of piers were developed in MIDAS Civil for superstructure widths of 8m, 10m, 12.5m, and 16m. Response spectrum analysis was conducted according to Indian codes to obtain bending stresses, natural periods, and modal mass participation. Results showed natural periods decreased for the first two modes as width increased. Stresses also decreased with increasing width. Modal mass participation saw little change with varying width. In conclusion, wider superstructures led to improved seismic performance of wall-type piers.
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete horizontal curved beam using softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete beam bridge, horizontally curved in plan is done using a finite element software. The
support conditions considered are simple supports. Dynamic loading in the form of moving vehicular load is taken into account
for the purpose of analysis. IRC Class AA type of vehicle is simulated on two lanes on the beam of span 31m, having a box type
cross-section. A parametric study is done varying the radius of curvature of the beam from 50 m to 250 m with the interval of 50
m to check the behavior of the beam. Various responses of the beam like bending moment, shear force, torsional moment and
deflection are calculated. The influence of a non-dimensional parameter L/R i.e. ratio of length of the beam to radius of curvature
of the beam is verified for the responses of the beam. From the results, it has been found that the responses i.e. the bending
moment, shear force, torsional moment and deflection of the beam decrease as the radius of curvature of the beam in increased.
Also, the responses of the beam increase as the L/R ratio is increased.
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, horizontally curved beam, finite element, moving vehicular moving load, Simply
Supported, Box type, parametric study, L/R ratio
Parametric Study on Curved Bridges Subjected to Seismic LoadingIRJET Journal
- The document presents a study on the behavior of curved bridges subjected to seismic loading. Two bridge types - box girder bridge and I-girder bridge - are modeled with varying radius of curvature (infinite, 150m, 250m) and column skewness (0, 15, 30 degrees).
- Linear static and non-linear pushover analyses are performed on the bridge models in CSI Bridge software. Modal periods and pushover curves are obtained and compared for different models.
- The results show that increasing the radius of curvature decreases the transverse vibration period. Increased skewness and smaller radii of curvature reduce the seismic resistance of the bridges as seen from decreased strength and stiffness in the pushover
Effect of Oblique Column and Viscous Damper on Podium Structure Using EtabsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of using oblique columns and viscous dampers on the seismic performance of podium structures using the ETABS software. Five building models are considered - a vertical column building without a podium, an oblique column building without a podium, a vertical column building with a podium, an oblique column building with a podium, and an oblique column building with a podium and damper. Response spectrum analysis and time history analysis are performed on the models. The results show that the oblique column models experience less displacement, drift, and overturning moments compared to the vertical column models, and the model with oblique columns, a podium, and damper performs the best in
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Curve Cable-Stayed BridgeIRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic performance of cable-stayed bridges with different horizontal curvatures, ranging from straight to 5 degrees of curvature.
2) Six bridge models were analyzed using the software SAP2000, including a straight bridge and bridges with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 degrees of curvature.
3) The results show that base shear, pier displacement, and deck displacement all decreased as curvature increased from straight to 3 degrees, but then increased again from 3 to 5 degrees of curvature. The bridges with intermediate (2-3 degree) curvature demonstrated the best seismic performance.
Parametric study on behaviour of box girder bridges using CSi BridgeIRJET Journal
This document presents a parametric study on the behavior of box girder bridges using finite element analysis software CSi Bridge. Three types of box girder cross-sections (rectangular, trapezoidal, circular) were modeled and analyzed for different depths. The results, such as deflection and longitudinal stress, were compared for each cross-section. Increasing the depth was found to decrease the mid-span deflection and bending stresses. Validation of the software model was performed by comparing results to manually calculated values, showing good agreement.
Parametric Study on Behavior 0f Box-Girder Bridges Using Finite Element MethodIRJET Journal
This document presents a parametric study on the behavior of box-girder bridges using finite element analysis. Rectangular and trapezoidal cross-section box girders were modeled and analyzed for different depths and span lengths. The key findings are:
1) Increasing depth leads to higher bending moments and lower longitudinal stresses in the top and bottom flanges for both cross-section types and span lengths.
2) Trapezoidal cross-sections experience higher bending moments and lower stresses compared to rectangular cross-sections of the same depth.
3) Continuous spans experience higher positive bending moments and lower negative bending moments compared to simply supported spans.
Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Steel Beam at Diverse LoadingIRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the flexural behavior of steel channel sections (ISMC75) under different loading conditions. The channel section was tested as a simply supported beam under two-point loading applied at either the web or flange. When loaded at the flange, the channel section carried 47% higher loads than when loaded at the web, reaching its plastic moment capacity. Deflections were also higher under flange loading. The results provide data on the flexural behavior and load-carrying capacity of channel sections based on the point of load application.
IRJET- Effect of Core Wall on Torsional and Dynamic Behaviour of High –Rise F...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the effect of core walls on the torsional and dynamic behavior of high-rise flat slab structures. It analyzes 4 models of a 240m tall building with different structural systems using equivalent static and time history dynamic analysis. The models include a beam-slab system, flat slab system without a core wall, and flat slab systems with core walls in different locations. Results show that core walls can induce additional torsional effects and affect displacement, drift and vibration characteristics, especially with increased floor height. Therefore, additional structural elements like outriggers are necessary to limit responses in tall flat slab buildings.
Numerical Study of Wire Mesh Orientation on Retrofitted RC Beams using Ferroc...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a numerical study using finite element analysis to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with ferrocement jackets containing different wire mesh orientations. Four beams were modeled and analyzed: a control beam without retrofitting and beams retrofitted with 0°, 45°, and 60° wire mesh orientations. The analysis found that the beam with a 45° wire mesh orientation exhibited the highest load carrying capacity and lowest deflection compared to the other beams. All of the retrofitted beams also showed an increase in ductility ratio compared to the control beam.
Effect of Positioning and Configuration of Shear Walls on Seismic Performance...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the seismic performance of RC buildings with different shear wall configurations on both hilly and plain terrain.
2) Five building models are considered: without shear walls, with straight, L-shaped, T-shaped, and channel-shaped shear walls.
3) Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software. Results for fundamental time period, base shear, and story displacements are compared between the models.
Comparative study on Time period and Frequency of Full Arch and Vierendeel T...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the time period and frequency of full arch and vierendeel truss steel pedestrian bridges with spans of 40m, 50m, and 60m. Finite element analysis is performed using SAP 2000 software to analyze the bridges under dynamic excitation. The time history analysis is conducted according to IRC codes to determine the natural frequency and time period of different vibration modes. Tables show the calculated time periods and frequencies for the first 12 modes of both bridge types over the three spans. Charts compare the variation of time period and frequency with mode shape. The results show differences in the dynamic response of full arch bridges versus vierendeel truss bridges, and how responses change with increasing span length.
SHEAR RESPONSE OF DUAL STEEL COMBINED COMPOSITE COLUMNS IN NON PRISMATIC COND...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on the shear response of dual steel composite columns with different cross-sectional shapes under varying shear span ratios. 35 specimens were tested and analyzed using finite element modeling software. The influence of parameters like shear span ratio, cross-sectional shape, dimensions, and material properties on the shear capacity and response of the columns was studied. The results show that columns with lower shear span ratios of 0.4 had the highest shear capacities. Circular-in-square and square-in-circular cross sections performed better than circular-circular or square-square sections. The research aims to better understand the shear behavior of these composite columns.
IRJET- Static and Dynamic Behaviour of Post Tensioned Skew Bridges by usi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research analyzing the static and dynamic behavior of post-tensioned skew bridges using finite element modeling techniques. Five bridge models with varying skew angles from 0° to 60° were created in CSiBridge software. The research found that bending moment generally decreases with increased skew angle, while shear forces and torsion increase. For combined dead and live loads, bending moment, torsional moment, and equivalent design bending moment all increased gradually with skew angle from 0° to 60°. Maximum longitudinal displacement of 0.13m was observed for the 60° skew model. The study provides insights into how changing skew angle affects key parameters like bending moment, shear, and torsion in post-tensioned concrete skew bridge design and
Structural Health Monitoring and Strengthening Of BridgesStructural Health Mo...Editor IJCATR
This paper presents one bridge which were either rehabilitated or strengthened by using FRP composites. The resulting
structure was then tested for the effect after using FRP composites for Rehabilitation and strengthening. In this paper, Structural
Health Monitoring basics are covered and need for SHM in future in or India scenario. Use of FRP composites in Rehabilitation
and Strengthening of structures is becoming increasingly popular and is opening new possibilities in construction and rehabilitation
of structures.
Study on Dynamic Behaviour of High Riser Dual System with In-Plane Discontinu...IRJET Journal
This study analyzes the dynamic behavior of high-rise dual systems with in-plane discontinuities in vertical elements resisting lateral loads. Three types of reinforced concrete structures are modeled - a regular frame, a frame with shear walls, and a frame with discontinuous shear walls. The structures are analyzed for heights of 20, 40, and 60 stories using equivalent static analysis and time history analysis in ETABS. Results show that shear walls reduce time period but increase stiffness. Taller structures have increased displacements, drifts, and base forces. Structures with discontinuous shear walls have smaller responses than regular frames, but perform worse than continuous shear wall structures above 40 stories.
Dynamic Analysis of Bridge with different spans of bridge piers applying push...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that uses nonlinear pushover analysis to analyze the behavior of bridges with different pier heights and span lengths when subjected to seismic loads. Six bridge models are created with varying pier heights (short vs long) and span configurations (equal vs unequal spans). The bridges are modeled in SAP2000 and analyzed using linear static, modal, and seismic analysis to determine dynamic properties. Pushover analysis is also used to investigate the nonlinear behavior and obtain performance points. Results show bridges with short piers and unequal spans have similar seismic performance but are more economical than those with long piers or equal spans.
IMPROVING THE STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY OF STEEL TRUSSES BY COMPARATIVE STUDYIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses analyzing the structural efficiency of different types of steel trusses (Warren, Patt and Howe) through modeling in STAAD Pro software.
2) A Warren truss bridge model is analyzed under dead load, live load, and seismic load conditions. Displacement over time is highest for the Warren truss.
3) Natural frequencies are calculated, with Warren and Patt trusses having higher frequencies than the Howe truss.
4) The Warren truss experiences the greatest displacement under seismic loads, while the Patt and Howe trusses displace less.
Study on Behavior of Tubular Diagrid Structures During Seismic ExcitationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of tubular diagrid structures during seismic excitation. It models a 50-story structure with varying diagrid angles in ETABS and analyzes seismic performance parameters. The study finds that a diagrid angle of 60 degrees performs best, with lower displacement, drift, and base shear compared to models with 45 and 75 degree diagrids or no diagrid. Analyzing lateral displacement, story drift, time period, and base shear allows determining the most effective seismic resistant system.
STUDY OF HARPS PERIPHERAL AND PERIMETRAL BRACINGS PATTERN SHAPE IN PRE ENGINE...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the study of different bracing patterns used in pre-engineering buildings. It analyzes the harp, perimetral, and peripheral bracing patterns through 3D modeling and structural analysis software. The harp pattern directly controls column displacement through tensile beams. The perimetral pattern connects panels to control deflections and forces. The peripheral pattern minimizes deflections at eave ends. Analysis of the models found that the perimetral pattern most effectively controls lateral and longitudinal loads and is the most economical in terms of steel consumption.
Comparative Analysis of Conventional Steel Structure with Diagrid Structures ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of a conventional steel structure to diagrid structures with varying angles (30°, 45°, 55°, 65°) through analysis of a 50-story steel building modelled in ETABS. Key results analyzed include time period, base shear, story displacement, story drift, and member forces. Diagrid structures were found to have shorter time periods and reduced displacements compared to the conventional steel frame, with 55° and 65° diagrids performing best by resisting lateral forces most effectively. Analysis of story drift also showed 55° and 65° diagrids provided better resistance to lateral loads than other structural systems.
Similar to Influence of RC Jacketing on seismic vulnerability Bridges (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.