Software is a set of instructions to acquire inputs and to manipulate them to produce the desired output in terms of functions and performance as determined by the user of the software
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses that software has a dual role as both a product and vehicle to deliver functionality. It defines software as a set of programs, documents, and data that form a configuration. The document outlines different types of software applications and categories. It also discusses software engineering practices such as communication, planning, modeling, construction, and coding principles.
This document discusses different process models used in software development. It describes the key phases and characteristics of several common process models including waterfall, prototyping, V-model, incremental, iterative, spiral and agile development models. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration. Prototyping allows for user feedback earlier. The V-model adds verification and validation phases. Incremental and iterative models divide the work into smaller chunks to allow for iteration and user feedback throughout development.
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Design involves modeling the system architecture, interfaces, and components before implementation. This allows assessment and improvement of quality.
- Important design concepts span abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Architecture defines overall structure and interactions. Patterns help solve common problems.
- Separation of concerns and related concepts like modularity and information hiding help decompose problems into independently designed and optimized pieces to improve manageability. Functional independence means each module has a single, well-defined purpose with minimal interaction.
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
software engineering pressman 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 7th edition solution manual pdf
roger s. pressman
This document discusses the nature of software. It defines software as a set of instructions that can be stored electronically. Software engineering encompasses processes and methods to build high quality computer software. Software has a dual role as both a product and a vehicle to deliver products. Characteristics of software include being engineered rather than manufactured, and not wearing out over time like hardware. Software application domains include system software, application software, engineering/scientific software, embedded software, product-line software, web applications, and artificial intelligence software. The document also discusses challenges like open-world computing and legacy software.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses that software has a dual role as both a product and vehicle to deliver functionality. It defines software as a set of programs, documents, and data that form a configuration. The document outlines different types of software applications and categories. It also discusses software engineering practices such as communication, planning, modeling, construction, and coding principles.
This document discusses different process models used in software development. It describes the key phases and characteristics of several common process models including waterfall, prototyping, V-model, incremental, iterative, spiral and agile development models. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration. Prototyping allows for user feedback earlier. The V-model adds verification and validation phases. Incremental and iterative models divide the work into smaller chunks to allow for iteration and user feedback throughout development.
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Design involves modeling the system architecture, interfaces, and components before implementation. This allows assessment and improvement of quality.
- Important design concepts span abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Architecture defines overall structure and interactions. Patterns help solve common problems.
- Separation of concerns and related concepts like modularity and information hiding help decompose problems into independently designed and optimized pieces to improve manageability. Functional independence means each module has a single, well-defined purpose with minimal interaction.
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
software engineering pressman 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 7th edition solution manual pdf
roger s. pressman
This document discusses the nature of software. It defines software as a set of instructions that can be stored electronically. Software engineering encompasses processes and methods to build high quality computer software. Software has a dual role as both a product and a vehicle to deliver products. Characteristics of software include being engineered rather than manufactured, and not wearing out over time like hardware. Software application domains include system software, application software, engineering/scientific software, embedded software, product-line software, web applications, and artificial intelligence software. The document also discusses challenges like open-world computing and legacy software.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is an agile software development methodology that focuses on rapid prototyping through workshops and iterative testing with customers. It involves business modeling to identify information flows, data modeling to define necessary data objects, and process modeling to convert data objects into business processes. Automated tools are then used to generate code from the models. The RAD model aims to reduce development time through reusability, early customer feedback, and short iteration cycles enabled by powerful modeling and code generation tools. However, it relies on strong individual performances, is only suitable for modularized systems, and requires high modeling and development skills.
This document discusses various ways to improve software economics, including reducing size, using object-oriented methods, reuse, commercial components, improving processes, team effectiveness, and automation. Key points covered are reducing size through language choice, reuse, and commercial components. Object-oriented methods like UML and visual modeling can also help. Improving processes, personnel skills, and automation through tools can further aid software economics. Quality is improved through requirements, design, architecture, and testing.
The document discusses software quality and defines key aspects:
- It explains the importance of software quality for users and developers.
- Qualities like correctness, reliability, efficiency are defined.
- Methods for measuring qualities like ISO 9126 standard are presented.
- Quality is important throughout the software development process.
- Both product quality and process quality need to be managed.
This document discusses common myths held by software managers, developers, and customers. It describes myths such as believing formal standards and procedures are sufficient, thinking new hardware means high quality development, adding people to late projects will help catch up, and outsourcing means relaxing oversight. Realities discussed include standards not being used effectively, tools being more important than hardware, adding people making projects later, and needing management and control of outsourced projects. Developer myths like thinking the job is done once code runs and quality can't be assessed until code runs are addressed. The document emphasizes the importance of requirements, documentation, quality processes, and addressing change impacts.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering and discusses key concepts such as:
1) Software is defined as a set of instructions that provide desired features, functions, and performance when executed and includes programs, data, and documentation.
2) Software engineering applies scientific knowledge and engineering principles to the development of reliable and efficient software within time and budget constraints.
3) The software development life cycle (SDLC) involves analysis, design, implementation, and documentation phases to systematically develop high quality software that meets requirements.
What is Software project management?? , What is a Project?, What is a Product?, What is Project Management?, What is Software Project Life Cycle?, What is a Product Life Cycle?, Software Project, Software Triple Constraints, Software Project Manager, Project Planning,
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines SQA as using planned and systematic methods to evaluate software quality, standards, processes, and procedures. This ensures development follows standards and procedures through continuous monitoring, product evaluation, and audits. SQA activities include product evaluation and monitoring to ensure adherence to development plans, as well as product audits to thoroughly review products, processes, and documentation against established standards. Software reviews are used to uncover errors and defects during development in order to "purify" software requirements, design, code, and testing data before release.
The document discusses software measurement and metrics. It defines software measurement as quantifying attributes of software products and processes. Metrics are used to measure software quality levels. There are different types of metrics including product, process, and project metrics. Common software metrics include lines of code, function points, and complexity measures. Metrics should be quantitative, understandable, repeatable, and economical to compute.
The document discusses project planning in software engineering. It defines project planning and its importance. It describes the project manager's responsibilities which include project planning, reporting, risk management, and people management. It discusses challenges in software project planning. The RUP process for project planning is then outlined which involves creating artifacts like the business case and software development plan. Risk management is also a key part of project planning.
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
The document discusses different software engineering process models including:
1. The waterfall model which is a linear sequential model where each phase must be completed before moving to the next.
2. Prototyping models which allow requirements to be refined through building prototypes.
3. RAD (Rapid Application Development) which emphasizes short development cycles through reuse and code generation.
4. Incremental models which deliver functionality in increments with early increments focusing on high priority requirements.
5. The spiral model which has multiple iterations of planning, risk analysis, engineering and evaluation phases.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
An introduction to software engineering, based on the first chapter of "A (Partial) Introduction to Software Engineering
Practices and Methods" By Laurie Williams
Component-based software engineering (CBSE) involves building software using pre-existing software components rather than developing everything from scratch. Well-designed components interact through defined interfaces, are modular, deployable, and replaceable. CBSE allows for increased reliability, reduced risks, effective specialist use, and accelerated development by reusing tested components instead of recreating them. Potential disadvantages include increased initial development time and difficulty testing components for unknown uses.
This document discusses several software cost estimation techniques:
1. Top-down and bottom-up approaches - Top-down estimates system-level costs while bottom-up estimates costs of each module and combines them.
2. Expert judgment - Widely used technique where experts estimate costs based on past similar projects. It utilizes experience but can be biased.
3. Delphi estimation - Estimators anonymously provide estimates in rounds to reach consensus without group dynamics influencing individuals.
4. Work breakdown structure - Hierarchical breakdown of either the product components or work activities to aid bottom-up estimation.
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
Software Engineering Layered Technology Software Process FrameworkJAINAM KAPADIYA
Software engineering is the application of engineering principles to software development to obtain economical and quality software. It is a layered technology with a focus on quality. The foundation is the software process, which provides a framework of activities. This includes common activities like communication, modeling, planning, construction, and deployment. Additional umbrella activities support the process, such as quality assurance, configuration management, and risk management.
The document discusses several common software development myths. It is written by a group of 7 software engineers. The myths discussed include: 1) that clients know exactly what they want, 2) that requirements are fixed, 3) that quality can't be assessed until a program is running, 4) that adding more people fixes schedule slips, 5) that security is only a cryptography problem, 6) that a tester's only task is to find bugs, 7) that testing can't begin until development is fully complete, and 8) that network defenses alone can provide protection. The document aims to dispel these myths and provide more accurate perspectives.
This document discusses the software crisis, its causes, and potential solutions. The software crisis refers to difficulties developing useful and efficient computer programs within required timeframes in the early days of computing. Major causes included projects going over budget and schedule, inefficient and low quality software, and unmanageable code. Proposed solutions included applying systematic engineering principles to software development through software engineering practices, which aims to manage complexity through tools, techniques, and project management skills. The document argues software engineering may help address the software crisis by taking a disciplined and quantifiable approach to development.
The document discusses the waterfall model of software development. It describes the five phases of the waterfall model as requirements gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It provides details on the activities in each phase, including documenting requirements, designing logical modules, writing code, testing software, and maintaining the system. The waterfall model is advantageous for small projects but inflexible if requirements change, as it is a sequential process where each phase must be completed before the next.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It outlines the course objectives, which are to enhance understanding of software engineering methods, techniques for developing software systems, object-oriented concepts, and software testing approaches. On completing the course, students will be able to understand basic software engineering concepts, apply engineering models to develop applications, implement object-oriented design, conduct in-depth analysis for projects, and design new software projects using learned concepts. The document also defines software and its characteristics, different software types, and provides overviews of software engineering, methods, processes, tools, and process models like waterfall.
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is an agile software development methodology that focuses on rapid prototyping through workshops and iterative testing with customers. It involves business modeling to identify information flows, data modeling to define necessary data objects, and process modeling to convert data objects into business processes. Automated tools are then used to generate code from the models. The RAD model aims to reduce development time through reusability, early customer feedback, and short iteration cycles enabled by powerful modeling and code generation tools. However, it relies on strong individual performances, is only suitable for modularized systems, and requires high modeling and development skills.
This document discusses various ways to improve software economics, including reducing size, using object-oriented methods, reuse, commercial components, improving processes, team effectiveness, and automation. Key points covered are reducing size through language choice, reuse, and commercial components. Object-oriented methods like UML and visual modeling can also help. Improving processes, personnel skills, and automation through tools can further aid software economics. Quality is improved through requirements, design, architecture, and testing.
The document discusses software quality and defines key aspects:
- It explains the importance of software quality for users and developers.
- Qualities like correctness, reliability, efficiency are defined.
- Methods for measuring qualities like ISO 9126 standard are presented.
- Quality is important throughout the software development process.
- Both product quality and process quality need to be managed.
This document discusses common myths held by software managers, developers, and customers. It describes myths such as believing formal standards and procedures are sufficient, thinking new hardware means high quality development, adding people to late projects will help catch up, and outsourcing means relaxing oversight. Realities discussed include standards not being used effectively, tools being more important than hardware, adding people making projects later, and needing management and control of outsourced projects. Developer myths like thinking the job is done once code runs and quality can't be assessed until code runs are addressed. The document emphasizes the importance of requirements, documentation, quality processes, and addressing change impacts.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering and discusses key concepts such as:
1) Software is defined as a set of instructions that provide desired features, functions, and performance when executed and includes programs, data, and documentation.
2) Software engineering applies scientific knowledge and engineering principles to the development of reliable and efficient software within time and budget constraints.
3) The software development life cycle (SDLC) involves analysis, design, implementation, and documentation phases to systematically develop high quality software that meets requirements.
What is Software project management?? , What is a Project?, What is a Product?, What is Project Management?, What is Software Project Life Cycle?, What is a Product Life Cycle?, Software Project, Software Triple Constraints, Software Project Manager, Project Planning,
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines SQA as using planned and systematic methods to evaluate software quality, standards, processes, and procedures. This ensures development follows standards and procedures through continuous monitoring, product evaluation, and audits. SQA activities include product evaluation and monitoring to ensure adherence to development plans, as well as product audits to thoroughly review products, processes, and documentation against established standards. Software reviews are used to uncover errors and defects during development in order to "purify" software requirements, design, code, and testing data before release.
The document discusses software measurement and metrics. It defines software measurement as quantifying attributes of software products and processes. Metrics are used to measure software quality levels. There are different types of metrics including product, process, and project metrics. Common software metrics include lines of code, function points, and complexity measures. Metrics should be quantitative, understandable, repeatable, and economical to compute.
The document discusses project planning in software engineering. It defines project planning and its importance. It describes the project manager's responsibilities which include project planning, reporting, risk management, and people management. It discusses challenges in software project planning. The RUP process for project planning is then outlined which involves creating artifacts like the business case and software development plan. Risk management is also a key part of project planning.
This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
The document discusses different software engineering process models including:
1. The waterfall model which is a linear sequential model where each phase must be completed before moving to the next.
2. Prototyping models which allow requirements to be refined through building prototypes.
3. RAD (Rapid Application Development) which emphasizes short development cycles through reuse and code generation.
4. Incremental models which deliver functionality in increments with early increments focusing on high priority requirements.
5. The spiral model which has multiple iterations of planning, risk analysis, engineering and evaluation phases.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
An introduction to software engineering, based on the first chapter of "A (Partial) Introduction to Software Engineering
Practices and Methods" By Laurie Williams
Component-based software engineering (CBSE) involves building software using pre-existing software components rather than developing everything from scratch. Well-designed components interact through defined interfaces, are modular, deployable, and replaceable. CBSE allows for increased reliability, reduced risks, effective specialist use, and accelerated development by reusing tested components instead of recreating them. Potential disadvantages include increased initial development time and difficulty testing components for unknown uses.
This document discusses several software cost estimation techniques:
1. Top-down and bottom-up approaches - Top-down estimates system-level costs while bottom-up estimates costs of each module and combines them.
2. Expert judgment - Widely used technique where experts estimate costs based on past similar projects. It utilizes experience but can be biased.
3. Delphi estimation - Estimators anonymously provide estimates in rounds to reach consensus without group dynamics influencing individuals.
4. Work breakdown structure - Hierarchical breakdown of either the product components or work activities to aid bottom-up estimation.
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
Software Engineering Layered Technology Software Process FrameworkJAINAM KAPADIYA
Software engineering is the application of engineering principles to software development to obtain economical and quality software. It is a layered technology with a focus on quality. The foundation is the software process, which provides a framework of activities. This includes common activities like communication, modeling, planning, construction, and deployment. Additional umbrella activities support the process, such as quality assurance, configuration management, and risk management.
The document discusses several common software development myths. It is written by a group of 7 software engineers. The myths discussed include: 1) that clients know exactly what they want, 2) that requirements are fixed, 3) that quality can't be assessed until a program is running, 4) that adding more people fixes schedule slips, 5) that security is only a cryptography problem, 6) that a tester's only task is to find bugs, 7) that testing can't begin until development is fully complete, and 8) that network defenses alone can provide protection. The document aims to dispel these myths and provide more accurate perspectives.
This document discusses the software crisis, its causes, and potential solutions. The software crisis refers to difficulties developing useful and efficient computer programs within required timeframes in the early days of computing. Major causes included projects going over budget and schedule, inefficient and low quality software, and unmanageable code. Proposed solutions included applying systematic engineering principles to software development through software engineering practices, which aims to manage complexity through tools, techniques, and project management skills. The document argues software engineering may help address the software crisis by taking a disciplined and quantifiable approach to development.
The document discusses the waterfall model of software development. It describes the five phases of the waterfall model as requirements gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It provides details on the activities in each phase, including documenting requirements, designing logical modules, writing code, testing software, and maintaining the system. The waterfall model is advantageous for small projects but inflexible if requirements change, as it is a sequential process where each phase must be completed before the next.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It outlines the course objectives, which are to enhance understanding of software engineering methods, techniques for developing software systems, object-oriented concepts, and software testing approaches. On completing the course, students will be able to understand basic software engineering concepts, apply engineering models to develop applications, implement object-oriented design, conduct in-depth analysis for projects, and design new software projects using learned concepts. The document also defines software and its characteristics, different software types, and provides overviews of software engineering, methods, processes, tools, and process models like waterfall.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It defines software and describes its key attributes and classifications. It discusses what constitutes good software in terms of maintainability, dependability, efficiency and usability. The document also outlines different types of software and defines software engineering as a systematic approach to software analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. It compares software engineering to computer science and system engineering. Finally, it discusses the two main components of software engineering as the systems engineering approach and development engineering approach.
SE chp1 update and learning management .pptxssuserdee5bb1
The document provides an overview of software engineering concepts including definitions, types of software, software processes, life cycle models and the waterfall model. It defines software engineering as a discipline concerned with all aspects of software development and defines types of software such as system software and application software. The document also summarizes software engineering objectives, reasons for software failures, and the three R's of software engineering - reuse, re-engineering, and re-tooling. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to software process models including the waterfall model.
This document contains a lecture on software engineering from Dr. Syed Ali Raza. It discusses key topics like the Standish Report, different types of software, challenges in the field, and the importance of ethics. It also summarizes problem-solving approaches and common myths about both developing and managing software projects.
The document discusses software quality attributes based on McCall's quality factors. It describes McCall's three categories of quality factors:
1) Product Operation - factors like correctness, reliability, usability, and integrity that relate to a software product's operational characteristics.
2) Product Revision - factors like maintainability, flexibility, and testability that relate to a software product's ability to undergo change.
3) Product Transition - factors like portability, reusability, and interoperability that relate to a software product's adaptability to new environments. The document notes that some quality factors can be directly measured while others can only be indirectly measured.
this pdf file includes software development life cycle, requirement analysis and specification, project management, design, coding, testing, maintenance and quality reuse and case tools.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts covered in lecture notes. It discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) which includes key stages like requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, integration and maintenance. The SDLC framework aims to develop software efficiently using a well-defined process. Software engineering principles like abstraction and decomposition are used to reduce complexity when developing large programs.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch1Mohammed Romi
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance of ethics in software development, and introduces three case studies that will be used as examples throughout the book. Specifically:
[1] It defines software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. Professional and ethical practices are important.
[2] It discusses software engineering ethics and introduces the ACM/IEEE code of ethics for software engineers.
[3] It provides an overview of three case studies that will be referenced in later chapters: an insulin pump system, a patient management system, and a weather station system.
This document provides an introduction to a course on software engineering. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including software process models, requirement engineering, software design, quality engineering, project management, and maintenance. It also outlines the course structure, learning outcomes, assessment criteria, and references. The course aims to introduce students to fundamental software engineering principles and practices.
Software engineering is concerned with developing software using a systematic process and addressing factors like increasing demands and low expectations. It involves activities like specification, development, validation and evolution. Some key challenges are coping with diversity, reduced delivery times and developing trustworthy software. Different techniques are suitable depending on the type of system, and processes may incorporate elements of models like waterfall, incremental development and integration/configuration. Prototyping can help with requirements, design and testing.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts. It discusses how software engineering aims to develop reliable software products using well-defined scientific principles and methods. It covers software evolution, different software paradigms including development, design and programming paradigms. It also discusses different software life cycle models like waterfall, incremental, prototyping and spiral models. Finally, it talks about characteristics of good software products and causes of software crisis.
The document describes a course on software engineering taught by Dr. P. Visu at Velammal Engineering College. It includes the course objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and learning resources. The key objectives are to understand software processes, requirements engineering, object-oriented concepts, software design, testing, and project management techniques. The syllabus covers topics like software processes, requirements analysis, object-oriented concepts, software design, testing, and project management over 5 units. Recommended textbooks and online references are also provided.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the field of software engineering. It defines software engineering as the application of systematic and disciplined approaches to software development, operation, and maintenance. The document discusses the importance of software engineering in producing reliable and economical software. It also summarizes essential attributes of good software such as maintainability, dependability, efficiency, and acceptability. Additionally, the document outlines a generic software engineering process framework involving activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It notes that the process should be adapted to the specific project.
This document provides an overview of software engineering. It begins by defining software engineering as the application of engineering principles and methods to the development of software. It then discusses some key aspects of software engineering like the software development life cycle, software project management, and paradigms. Finally, it outlines some important characteristics of good software like usability, efficiency, correctness, portability and maintainability.
The document provides information about a course on software engineering taught by Dr. P. Visu at Velammal Engineering College. It includes the course objectives, outcomes, syllabus, textbooks and references. The objectives are to understand software project phases, requirements engineering, object-oriented concepts, enterprise integration and various testing and project management techniques. The outcomes cover comparing process models, formulating requirements engineering concepts, understanding object-oriented fundamentals, applying software design systematically, and evaluating project schedules and costs. The syllabus covers topics like software processes, requirements analysis, object-oriented concepts, software design, and testing and management over 5 units.
This document introduces software engineering and discusses its importance, key questions, topics covered, and professional and ethical responsibilities. It defines software engineering, explains common questions about the field, and outlines important concepts like the software development process, methods, costs, challenges, and a code of ethics.
Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development. It aims to introduce software engineering and explain its importance, key questions, and ethical and professional issues. Topics covered include FAQs about software engineering, professional responsibility, and a code of ethics.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering, including its objectives, topics covered, and answers to frequently asked questions. It discusses what software engineering is, costs associated with software, and differences between software engineering, computer science, and system engineering. It also covers software processes, methods, challenges, and the importance of professional responsibility and ethics in software engineering.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses how software engineering is concerned with the development and maintenance of software through professional practices and methods. It notes that software costs, especially maintenance costs, are a large part of overall system costs. The document then discusses different types of software products and specifications, as well as frequently asked questions about software engineering. It emphasizes that software engineering principles should be applied to all types of software development.
Similar to Unit 1 - Introduction to Software Engineering.ppt (20)
This document outlines the basic functions of loaders and linkers, including loading programs into memory, relocating programs to allow loading at different addresses, and linking separate object programs. It discusses different types of loaders like assemble-and-go, absolute, and relocating loaders. Relocating loaders allow program relocation through modification records or relocation bits. Linking involves combining control sections and resolving external references and definitions between sections through linker directives in the object code.
The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS) which translates domain names to IP addresses, allowing browsers to load internet resources. It describes DNS name space and provides examples of domain names. It also discusses DNS resource records which contain information about a domain, including the domain name, time to live, class, type and value. The principal DNS record types for IPv4 are described, including A, MX, and NS records. The document also discusses DNS name servers which store DNS records and avoid problems with a single information source by dividing the DNS name space into zones.
The document discusses various elements of transport layer protocols including establishing connections, addressing, connection establishment, disconnecting connections, flow control, buffering, multiplexing, and crash recovery. Specifically, it describes how connections are established between processes using transport service access points (TSAPs) and addresses (NSAPs), how three-way handshakes are used to set up and tear down connections, and how transport protocols handle issues like flow control, multiplexing of data streams, and recovering from crashes.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality assurance, quality management, and their key aspects. It also describes the different elements of software quality assurance - software quality planning, software quality control, and software quality metrics. Under software quality control, it discusses various quality control methods like reviews, tests, and audits. It then covers topics like standards, quality models, capability maturity model, and process improvement methods like six sigma. Finally, it provides examples of software metrics that can be used to measure quality.
Software Configuration Management (SCM) involves identifying, organizing, and controlling changes to software components throughout the development lifecycle. The document defines SCM, outlines the SCM process, and describes key SCM activities like configuration control, version control, change management, and configuration auditing. It explains that SCM helps manage different versions of software, ensure quality, and track all changes made to the system.
Unit testing focuses on testing individual software modules or components. It ensures information flows properly in and out of modules and data maintains integrity. Common errors include arithmetic issues, mixed data types, incorrect initialization, and precision errors. Test cases should check for logical and comparison errors. Validation testing ensures the software meets requirements by testing with customers. System testing integrates software with other system elements to check recovery, security, performance under stress, and response to abnormal situations.
The document discusses software testing fundamentals and test case design techniques. It covers both black-box and white-box testing methods. Black-box testing focuses on validating functionality based on requirements, while white-box testing provides knowledge of internal design and code. Specific techniques discussed include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, basis path testing, condition testing, data flow testing, and loop testing. The goal is to design test cases that thoroughly exercise all functionality and edge cases of the software.
A wireless LAN or WLAN uses radio waves to connect devices in a local area network without wires. It uses access points to bridge wireless traffic to a wired backbone network. Wireless LANs use standards like 802.11 and connect devices in a basic service set through an access point, or extend coverage through multiple access points in an extended service set. They operate at the data link layer using CSMA/CA for media access and can provide optional security measures for authentication and privacy.
This document discusses key aspects of software design, including:
1. It defines software design and engineering as the process of translating requirements into a blueprint for constructing software through iterative design activities like data, architectural, interface, and component design.
2. It outlines design principles like modularity, abstraction, and refinement which help partition software into components and separate conceptual representations from implementation details.
3. It emphasizes that software architecture defines the overall structure and relationships between major elements of software, and is important for achieving conceptual integrity in software systems.
The network layer is responsible for end-to-end packet transmission across multiple hops between source and destination machines. It uses routing algorithms to decide the optimal path for packet forwarding. Common routing algorithms include distance vector routing where each router shares its routing table with neighbors, and link state routing where each router floods information about connected links to other routers which then compute the shortest paths. Hierarchical routing reduces routing table sizes by grouping routers into regions. Broadcast and multicast routing are used to transmit packets from one source to multiple destinations.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range digital radio connections between various devices like phones, laptops, headphones, cars and more. It was created in 1998 by Ericsson, IBM, Intel and other companies to simplify connections and data transfer between devices. Bluetooth operates using radio waves at 2.4GHz and has a typical range of 10 meters. It allows up to 8 devices to connect in a personal area network (PAN) called a piconet. Bluetooth is an open standard continually improved by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group to unify wireless connectivity across many industries.
The document discusses various medium access control (MAC) protocols used for determining which device should access a shared communication channel. It covers multiple access protocols including ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), CSMA with collision detection, and collision-free protocols like bit-map and binary countdown. It also discusses limited-contention protocols, the adaptive tree walk protocol, wavelength division multiple access, wireless LAN protocols like MACA and MACAW, and Ethernet.
This document discusses the history and technical details of Ethernet networking. It covers Ethernet cabling standards over time including 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F. It describes Manchester encoding and how the Ethernet MAC sublayer protocol works. The document outlines the binary exponential backoff algorithm and discusses switched Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet standards. It also mentions IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control and how Ethernet has remained the dominant LAN technology for over 20 years.
This document discusses key concepts in software design. It covers the software design process, principles of good design including modularity, abstraction, and refinement. It also discusses design concepts such as cohesion, coupling, and software architecture. The document was prepared by Dr. T. Thendral and provides an overview of important topics for software engineers to consider when designing software systems.
The document provides an overview of software prototyping techniques. It discusses requirements elicitation and applying analysis principles to construct a prototype model of the software. It describes close-ended and open-ended prototyping approaches, and factors to consider for prototyping candidacy. Evolutionary and throwaway prototyping are defined in the context of the software development process. Methods and tools for prototyping like fourth generation techniques, reusable software components, and formal specification environments are also outlined.
Begins during the communication activity and continues into the modeling activity
Builds a bridge from the system requirements into software design and construction
*A modular design reduces complexity
*The concept of functional independence is a direct outgrowth of modularity and the
concepts of abstraction and information hiding
*functional independence is a key to good design, and design is the key to software quality
This document discusses different physical layer transmission media used for computer networks, including fiber optics, twisted pair copper wire, coaxial cable, and magnetic tape. It provides details on how each medium transports data and its characteristics. Fiber optics is highlighted as having higher bandwidth than copper, as well as advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, ability to span long distances without amplification, and security against tapping. Various fiber optic networking topologies like rings and stars are also examined.
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Using CRM module, we can manage and keep track of all new leads and opportunities in one location. It helps to manage your sales pipeline with customizable stages. In this slide let’s discuss how to create a stage or pipeline inside the CRM module in odoo 17.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 3)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17Celine George
This slide will represent how to create user notification in Odoo 17. Odoo allows us to create and send custom notifications on some events or actions. We have different types of notification such as sticky notification, rainbow man effect, alert and raise exception warning or validation.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
2. Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
1. To enhance the basics of Software
engineering methods and practices
2. To earn the techniques for developing
software systems
3. To understand the object orient
4. To understand software testing approaches
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
3. On the successful completion of
the course,student will be able to:
Understand the basic concepts of software
engineering
Apply the software engineering models in developing
software application
Implement the object oriented design in various
projects
Knowledge on how to do a software project within-
depth analysis
To inculcate knowledge on Software engineering
concepts in turn gives a road map to design a new
software project
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
4. What is Software?
Software is a set of instructions to acquire inputs and to
manipulate them to produce the desired output in terms of
functions and performance as determined by the user of
the software
Also include a set of documents, such as the software
manual, meant for users to understand the software system
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
5. Description of the Software
A software is described by its capabilities. The capabilities relate to
the functions it executes, the features it provides and the facilities it
offers.
EXAMPLE
Software written for Sales-order processing would have
different functions to process different types of sales order from
different market segments .
The features for example, would be to handle multi-currency
computing, updating product, sales and Tax status.
The facilities could be printing of sales orders, email to customers
and reports to the store department to dispatch the goods.
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
6. Classes of Software
Software is classified into two classes:
Generic Software:
is designed for broad customer market whose requirements are very
common, fairly stable and well understood by the software engineer
Customized Software:
is developed for a customer where domain, environment and
requirements are being unique to that customer and cannot be satisfied
by generic products
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
7. What is Good Software?
Software has number of attributes which decide whether it is a good
or bad .
The definition of a good software changes with the person who
evaluates it.
The software is required by the customer, used by the end users of an
organization and developed by software engineer
Each one will evaluate the different attributes differently in order to
decide whether the software is good
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
8. What are the attributes of good
software?
The software should deliver the required functionality and performance to
the user and should be maintainable, dependable and usable.
• Maintainability
– Software must evolve to meet changing needs
Dependability
– Software must be trustworthy
Efficiency
– Software should not make wasteful use of system resources
Usability
– Software must be usable by the users for which it was designed
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
9. Software - Characteristics
Software has a dual role. It is a product, but also a vehicle for delivering a
product.
Software is a logical rather than a physical system element.
Software has characteristics that differ considerably from those of hardware.
Software is developed or engineered, it is not manufactured in the
classical sense
Software doesn’t “wear out”
Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled from
existing components.
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
10. Changing nature of
software(Types)
System Software- A collection of programs written to service other
programs at system level.
For example, compiler, operating systems.
Real-time Software- Programs that monitor/analyze/control real
world events as they occur.
Business Software- Programs that access, analyze and process
business information.
Engineering and Scientific Software - Software using “number
crunching” algorithms for different science and applications. System
simulation, computer-aided design.
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
11. Changing nature of
software(Types)
Embedded Software-:
Embedded software resides in read-only memory and is used to
control products and systems for the consumer and industrial markets.
It has very limited and esoteric functions and control capability.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Software:
Programs make use of AI techniques and methods to solve complex
problems. Active areas are expert systems, pattern recognition, games
Internet Software :
Programs that support internet accesses and applications. For example,
search engine, browser, e-commerce software, authoring tools.
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
12. Software Engineering
“A systematic approach to the analysis, design, implementation and
maintenance of software.”
(The Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing)
“The systematic application of tools and techniques in the
development of computer-based applications.”
(Sue Conger in The New Software Engineering)
“Software Engineering is about designing and developing high-quality
software.”
(Shari Lawrence Pfleeger in Software Engineering -- The Production
of Quality Software)
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
13. What is Software Engineering?
Engineering: The Application of Science to the Solution of Practical
Problems
Software Engineering: The Application of CS to Building Practical Software
Systems
Programming
– Individual Writes Complete Program
– One Person, One Computer
– Well-Defined Problem
– Programming-in-the-Small
Software Engineering
– Individuals Write Program Components
– Team Assembles Complete Program
– Programming-in-the-Large Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
14. What is the difference between software engineering and
computer science?
Computer Science Software Engineering
is concerned with
Computer science theories are currently insufficient to act as a complete
underpinning for software engineering, but it is a foundation for practical aspects
of software engineering
theory
fundamentals
the practicalities of developing
delivering useful software
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
15. What is Software Engineering?
Although hundreds of authors have developed personal definitions of software
engineering, a definition proposed by Fritz Bauer provides a basis:
“[Software engineering is] the establishment and use of sound
engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is
reliable and works efficiently on real machines.”
The IEEE [IEE93] has developed a more comprehensive definition when it
states:
“Software Engineering: (1) The application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach
to the development, operation and maintenance of software; that is, the application of
engineering to software. (2) The study of approaches as in (1).” Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
16. Software engineering is a layered
technology - Pressman’s view:
Software Engineering Layers
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
17. What is Software Engineering?
Software methods:
Software engineering methods provide the technical “how to’s” for
building software.
Methods --> how to encompass a broad array of tasks:
- requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance
Software engineering methods rely on a set of basic principles.
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
19. What is Software Engineering?
Software Process:
Software engineering process is the glue that holds:
- technology together
- enables rational and timely development of computer software
Software engineering process is a framework of a set of key process
areas
It forms a basis for:
- project management, budget and schedule control
- applications of technical methods
- product quality control
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
21. What is Software Engineering?
Software Tools:
- programs provide automated or semi-automated support for the
process and methods
- programs support engineers to perform their tasks in a systematic
and/or automatic manner
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
22. Why Software Engineering?
Objectives:
- Identify new problems and solutions in
software production
- Study new systematic methods, principles,
approaches for system analysis, design,
implementation, testing and maintenance.
- Provide new ways to control, manage, and
monitor software process
- Build new software tools and environment to
support software engineering
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
23. Why Software Engineering?
Major Goals:
- To increase software productivity and quality
- To effectively control software schedule and planning
- To reduce the cost of software development
- To meet the customers’ needs and requirements
- To enhance the conduction of software engineering
process
- To improve the current software engineering practice
- To support the engineers’ activities in a systematic and
efficient manner
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral
06.07.2023
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