This document discusses key concepts in software design. It covers the software design process, principles of good design including modularity, abstraction, and refinement. It also discusses design concepts such as cohesion, coupling, and software architecture. The document was prepared by Dr. T. Thendral and provides an overview of important topics for software engineers to consider when designing software systems.
The document provides an overview of software prototyping techniques. It discusses requirements elicitation and applying analysis principles to construct a prototype model of the software. It describes close-ended and open-ended prototyping approaches, and factors to consider for prototyping candidacy. Evolutionary and throwaway prototyping are defined in the context of the software development process. Methods and tools for prototyping like fourth generation techniques, reusable software components, and formal specification environments are also outlined.
The document discusses software testing fundamentals and test case design techniques. It covers both black-box and white-box testing methods. Black-box testing focuses on validating functionality based on requirements, while white-box testing provides knowledge of internal design and code. Specific techniques discussed include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, basis path testing, condition testing, data flow testing, and loop testing. The goal is to design test cases that thoroughly exercise all functionality and edge cases of the software.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) process models including waterfall, incremental, evolutionary (prototyping and spiral), and object-oriented models. It provides details on the waterfall model phases including planning, analysis and design, coding and testing, and deployment. Strengths and weaknesses of the waterfall model are outlined. The incremental process model which combines elements of waterfall in an iterative fashion is also described.
Begins during the communication activity and continues into the modeling activity
Builds a bridge from the system requirements into software design and construction
*A modular design reduces complexity
*The concept of functional independence is a direct outgrowth of modularity and the
concepts of abstraction and information hiding
*functional independence is a key to good design, and design is the key to software quality
Unit testing focuses on testing individual software modules or components. It ensures information flows properly in and out of modules and data maintains integrity. Common errors include arithmetic issues, mixed data types, incorrect initialization, and precision errors. Test cases should check for logical and comparison errors. Validation testing ensures the software meets requirements by testing with customers. System testing integrates software with other system elements to check recovery, security, performance under stress, and response to abnormal situations.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It outlines the course objectives, which are to enhance understanding of software engineering methods, techniques for developing software systems, object-oriented concepts, and software testing approaches. On completing the course, students will be able to understand basic software engineering concepts, apply engineering models to develop applications, implement object-oriented design, conduct in-depth analysis for projects, and design new software projects using learned concepts. The document also defines software and its characteristics, different software types, and provides overviews of software engineering, methods, processes, tools, and process models like waterfall.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality assurance, quality management, and their key aspects. It also describes the different elements of software quality assurance - software quality planning, software quality control, and software quality metrics. Under software quality control, it discusses various quality control methods like reviews, tests, and audits. It then covers topics like standards, quality models, capability maturity model, and process improvement methods like six sigma. Finally, it provides examples of software metrics that can be used to measure quality.
The document provides an overview of software prototyping techniques. It discusses requirements elicitation and applying analysis principles to construct a prototype model of the software. It describes close-ended and open-ended prototyping approaches, and factors to consider for prototyping candidacy. Evolutionary and throwaway prototyping are defined in the context of the software development process. Methods and tools for prototyping like fourth generation techniques, reusable software components, and formal specification environments are also outlined.
The document discusses software testing fundamentals and test case design techniques. It covers both black-box and white-box testing methods. Black-box testing focuses on validating functionality based on requirements, while white-box testing provides knowledge of internal design and code. Specific techniques discussed include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, basis path testing, condition testing, data flow testing, and loop testing. The goal is to design test cases that thoroughly exercise all functionality and edge cases of the software.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) process models including waterfall, incremental, evolutionary (prototyping and spiral), and object-oriented models. It provides details on the waterfall model phases including planning, analysis and design, coding and testing, and deployment. Strengths and weaknesses of the waterfall model are outlined. The incremental process model which combines elements of waterfall in an iterative fashion is also described.
Begins during the communication activity and continues into the modeling activity
Builds a bridge from the system requirements into software design and construction
*A modular design reduces complexity
*The concept of functional independence is a direct outgrowth of modularity and the
concepts of abstraction and information hiding
*functional independence is a key to good design, and design is the key to software quality
Unit testing focuses on testing individual software modules or components. It ensures information flows properly in and out of modules and data maintains integrity. Common errors include arithmetic issues, mixed data types, incorrect initialization, and precision errors. Test cases should check for logical and comparison errors. Validation testing ensures the software meets requirements by testing with customers. System testing integrates software with other system elements to check recovery, security, performance under stress, and response to abnormal situations.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It outlines the course objectives, which are to enhance understanding of software engineering methods, techniques for developing software systems, object-oriented concepts, and software testing approaches. On completing the course, students will be able to understand basic software engineering concepts, apply engineering models to develop applications, implement object-oriented design, conduct in-depth analysis for projects, and design new software projects using learned concepts. The document also defines software and its characteristics, different software types, and provides overviews of software engineering, methods, processes, tools, and process models like waterfall.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines quality assurance, quality management, and their key aspects. It also describes the different elements of software quality assurance - software quality planning, software quality control, and software quality metrics. Under software quality control, it discusses various quality control methods like reviews, tests, and audits. It then covers topics like standards, quality models, capability maturity model, and process improvement methods like six sigma. Finally, it provides examples of software metrics that can be used to measure quality.
This document discusses key aspects of software design, including:
1. It defines software design and engineering as the process of translating requirements into a blueprint for constructing software through iterative design activities like data, architectural, interface, and component design.
2. It outlines design principles like modularity, abstraction, and refinement which help partition software into components and separate conceptual representations from implementation details.
3. It emphasizes that software architecture defines the overall structure and relationships between major elements of software, and is important for achieving conceptual integrity in software systems.
The document discusses software development life cycles (SDLC). It describes the typical stages of an SDLC including feasibility study, requirements analysis, system design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. Several SDLC models are mentioned, including waterfall, spiral, iterative, prototyping, and RAD (rapid application development). The waterfall model is described as having distinct sequential stages with no overlap between phases. Prototyping and RAD methodologies are also explained in further detail.
Software is a set of instructions to acquire inputs and to manipulate them to produce the desired output in terms of functions and performance as determined by the user of the software
The document outlines topics related to quality control engineering and software testing. It discusses key concepts like the software development lifecycle (SDLC), common SDLC models, software quality control, verification and validation, software bugs, and qualifications for testers. It also covers the quality control lifecycle, test planning, requirements verification techniques, and test design techniques like equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis.
In this technique, test cases are developed using the use cases of the system. A use case encompass the various actors and their interactions with the system. Use cases cover the complete transactions from start to finish. These test cases depict the actual use of software by the end user.
The document discusses requirements engineering (RE) and software maintenance. It defines RE as the process of establishing what services a system should provide and constraints it must operate under. RE helps engineers understand problems and builds a foundation for design. The document also discusses why RE is important, types and categories of requirements, and the RE process. It then covers how software maintenance is needed to change systems after delivery, types of maintenance, and factors that influence maintenance costs such as team stability and program age.
This document discusses software documentation testing. It notes that documentation has become a major part of software systems and testers must cover both code and documentation. Different types of documentation are described, from user manuals to help systems. The document provides a checklist for documentation testing, including checking that content is appropriate, terminology is suitable, and examples work as intended. It also discusses using tools to auto-generate documentation from source code comments.
Software metrics can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. There are direct metrics that immediately measure attributes like lines of code and defects, and indirect metrics that measure less tangible aspects like functionality and reliability. Metrics are classified as product metrics, which measure attributes of the software product, and process metrics, which measure the software development process. Project metrics are used tactically within a project to track status, risks, and quality, while process metrics are used strategically for long-term process improvement. Common software quality attributes that can be measured include correctness, maintainability, integrity, and usability.
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
The document discusses various aspects of the software process including software process models, generic process models like waterfall model and evolutionary development, process iteration, and system requirements specification. It provides details on each topic with definitions, characteristics, advantages and diagrams. The key steps in software process are specified as software specifications, design and implementation, validation, and evolution. Generic process models and specific models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and incremental delivery are explained.
The V-model is a software development lifecycle model where each phase of the development process is validated by an equivalent phase of testing. It emphasizes testing at each development stage. In the V-model, testing begins during the requirements analysis phase, and each subsequent development phase is tested before moving further down the V, and development and testing phases occur in parallel. The benefits of the V-model include preventing faults, avoiding downward flow of defects, lower rework costs, improved quality and risk management.
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software or system requirements.
Software requirements engineering lecture 01Abdul Basit
This document discusses requirements engineering and its importance in software project success. It defines requirements engineering and outlines the key processes: elicitation, analysis, specification, verification and validation, and management. Case studies show that requirements engineering impacts several critical success factors, including user involvement, clear requirements, proper planning, and realistic expectations. When done thoroughly through multiple release cycles, requirements engineering can help deliver projects on time and on budget by ensuring the development team is building the right system to meet user needs.
This document discusses requirements validation and techniques for validating requirements. It defines requirements validation as checking that requirements define the system the customer wants. Validation is important because fixing requirements errors later is very costly. The document describes various checks that can be performed on requirements like validity, consistency, completeness, and verifiability. It also outlines techniques for validation like requirements reviews, prototyping, and test-case generation. Finally, it notes that validating requirements is difficult and some problems may still be found after validation.
Verification ensures software meets specifications, while validation ensures it meets user needs. Both establish software fitness for purpose. Verification includes static techniques like inspections and formal methods to check conformance pre-implementation. Validation uses dynamic testing post-implementation. Techniques include defect testing to find inconsistencies, and validation testing to ensure requirements fulfillment. Careful planning via test plans is needed to effectively verify and validate cost-efficiently. The Cleanroom methodology applies formal specifications and inspections statically to develop defect-free software incrementally.
This document discusses different types of software metrics including process, product, and project metrics. It defines metrics as quantitative measures of attributes and discusses how they can be used as indicators to improve processes and projects. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process over long periods of time. Product metrics measure attributes of the software at different stages. Project metrics are used to monitor and control projects. The document also discusses size-oriented and function-oriented metrics for normalization and comparison purposes. It provides examples of calculating function points and deriving metrics like errors per function point.
The document discusses software process models and characteristics. It describes the waterfall model as one of the first process development models, consisting of linear sequential phases from requirements to deployment with no feedback. The V-model is presented as a variation that uses unit and integration testing to verify design and acceptance testing to validate requirements. Key advantages of the waterfall model include its structure and management control, while disadvantages are the upfront requirements and lack of iterations. Prototyping is also briefly mentioned.
This document discusses software testing principles and concepts. It defines key terms like validation, verification, defects, failures, and metrics. It outlines 11 testing principles like testing being a creative task and test results needing meticulous inspection. The roles of testers are discussed in collaborating with other teams. Defect classes are defined at different stages and types of defects are provided. Quality factors, process maturity models, and defect prevention strategies are also summarized.
This document discusses software design principles and concepts. It covers key aspects of software design such as data design, architectural design, interface design, component design, abstraction, refinement, modularity, architecture, control hierarchy, structural partitioning, data structures, software procedures, and information hiding. The document emphasizes that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing software. Good design principles include traceability, reuse, and accommodating change. Modular design aims for functional independence, cohesion and low coupling between modules.
This ppt covers the following topics :-
Introduction
Design quality
Design concepts
The design model
Thus it covers design engineering in software engineering
This document discusses key aspects of software design, including:
1. It defines software design and engineering as the process of translating requirements into a blueprint for constructing software through iterative design activities like data, architectural, interface, and component design.
2. It outlines design principles like modularity, abstraction, and refinement which help partition software into components and separate conceptual representations from implementation details.
3. It emphasizes that software architecture defines the overall structure and relationships between major elements of software, and is important for achieving conceptual integrity in software systems.
The document discusses software development life cycles (SDLC). It describes the typical stages of an SDLC including feasibility study, requirements analysis, system design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. Several SDLC models are mentioned, including waterfall, spiral, iterative, prototyping, and RAD (rapid application development). The waterfall model is described as having distinct sequential stages with no overlap between phases. Prototyping and RAD methodologies are also explained in further detail.
Software is a set of instructions to acquire inputs and to manipulate them to produce the desired output in terms of functions and performance as determined by the user of the software
The document outlines topics related to quality control engineering and software testing. It discusses key concepts like the software development lifecycle (SDLC), common SDLC models, software quality control, verification and validation, software bugs, and qualifications for testers. It also covers the quality control lifecycle, test planning, requirements verification techniques, and test design techniques like equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis.
In this technique, test cases are developed using the use cases of the system. A use case encompass the various actors and their interactions with the system. Use cases cover the complete transactions from start to finish. These test cases depict the actual use of software by the end user.
The document discusses requirements engineering (RE) and software maintenance. It defines RE as the process of establishing what services a system should provide and constraints it must operate under. RE helps engineers understand problems and builds a foundation for design. The document also discusses why RE is important, types and categories of requirements, and the RE process. It then covers how software maintenance is needed to change systems after delivery, types of maintenance, and factors that influence maintenance costs such as team stability and program age.
This document discusses software documentation testing. It notes that documentation has become a major part of software systems and testers must cover both code and documentation. Different types of documentation are described, from user manuals to help systems. The document provides a checklist for documentation testing, including checking that content is appropriate, terminology is suitable, and examples work as intended. It also discusses using tools to auto-generate documentation from source code comments.
Software metrics can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. There are direct metrics that immediately measure attributes like lines of code and defects, and indirect metrics that measure less tangible aspects like functionality and reliability. Metrics are classified as product metrics, which measure attributes of the software product, and process metrics, which measure the software development process. Project metrics are used tactically within a project to track status, risks, and quality, while process metrics are used strategically for long-term process improvement. Common software quality attributes that can be measured include correctness, maintainability, integrity, and usability.
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
The document discusses various aspects of the software process including software process models, generic process models like waterfall model and evolutionary development, process iteration, and system requirements specification. It provides details on each topic with definitions, characteristics, advantages and diagrams. The key steps in software process are specified as software specifications, design and implementation, validation, and evolution. Generic process models and specific models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and incremental delivery are explained.
The V-model is a software development lifecycle model where each phase of the development process is validated by an equivalent phase of testing. It emphasizes testing at each development stage. In the V-model, testing begins during the requirements analysis phase, and each subsequent development phase is tested before moving further down the V, and development and testing phases occur in parallel. The benefits of the V-model include preventing faults, avoiding downward flow of defects, lower rework costs, improved quality and risk management.
In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software or system requirements.
Software requirements engineering lecture 01Abdul Basit
This document discusses requirements engineering and its importance in software project success. It defines requirements engineering and outlines the key processes: elicitation, analysis, specification, verification and validation, and management. Case studies show that requirements engineering impacts several critical success factors, including user involvement, clear requirements, proper planning, and realistic expectations. When done thoroughly through multiple release cycles, requirements engineering can help deliver projects on time and on budget by ensuring the development team is building the right system to meet user needs.
This document discusses requirements validation and techniques for validating requirements. It defines requirements validation as checking that requirements define the system the customer wants. Validation is important because fixing requirements errors later is very costly. The document describes various checks that can be performed on requirements like validity, consistency, completeness, and verifiability. It also outlines techniques for validation like requirements reviews, prototyping, and test-case generation. Finally, it notes that validating requirements is difficult and some problems may still be found after validation.
Verification ensures software meets specifications, while validation ensures it meets user needs. Both establish software fitness for purpose. Verification includes static techniques like inspections and formal methods to check conformance pre-implementation. Validation uses dynamic testing post-implementation. Techniques include defect testing to find inconsistencies, and validation testing to ensure requirements fulfillment. Careful planning via test plans is needed to effectively verify and validate cost-efficiently. The Cleanroom methodology applies formal specifications and inspections statically to develop defect-free software incrementally.
This document discusses different types of software metrics including process, product, and project metrics. It defines metrics as quantitative measures of attributes and discusses how they can be used as indicators to improve processes and projects. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process over long periods of time. Product metrics measure attributes of the software at different stages. Project metrics are used to monitor and control projects. The document also discusses size-oriented and function-oriented metrics for normalization and comparison purposes. It provides examples of calculating function points and deriving metrics like errors per function point.
The document discusses software process models and characteristics. It describes the waterfall model as one of the first process development models, consisting of linear sequential phases from requirements to deployment with no feedback. The V-model is presented as a variation that uses unit and integration testing to verify design and acceptance testing to validate requirements. Key advantages of the waterfall model include its structure and management control, while disadvantages are the upfront requirements and lack of iterations. Prototyping is also briefly mentioned.
This document discusses software testing principles and concepts. It defines key terms like validation, verification, defects, failures, and metrics. It outlines 11 testing principles like testing being a creative task and test results needing meticulous inspection. The roles of testers are discussed in collaborating with other teams. Defect classes are defined at different stages and types of defects are provided. Quality factors, process maturity models, and defect prevention strategies are also summarized.
This document discusses software design principles and concepts. It covers key aspects of software design such as data design, architectural design, interface design, component design, abstraction, refinement, modularity, architecture, control hierarchy, structural partitioning, data structures, software procedures, and information hiding. The document emphasizes that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing software. Good design principles include traceability, reuse, and accommodating change. Modular design aims for functional independence, cohesion and low coupling between modules.
This ppt covers the following topics :-
Introduction
Design quality
Design concepts
The design model
Thus it covers design engineering in software engineering
The document discusses software design and user interface design. It defines software architecture, design, and requirements, and notes that design translates requirements into a system blueprint. It describes the iterative design process, different design models (e.g. data, architectural), and objectives like quality and change accommodation. User interface design is also covered, including elements, levels of design, and the development process of analysis, design, construction, and validation.
This lecture helps to understand basics software design and especially Architecture Design and its importance. This lecture also describes the goals and importance of architecture design.
The document discusses various aspects of software design including:
1. The differences between design and programming and the role of a design engineer.
2. The iterative software design process of translating requirements into a blueprint for building software.
3. Key attributes like functionality, efficiency, flexibility, and usability that software design should address.
4. Fundamental software design concepts such as abstraction, architecture, modularity, and information hiding.
The document discusses software design concepts and principles including the design process, design models, user interface design, and web application design. Some key points:
- Software design is an iterative process that transforms requirements into a design blueprint through steps like architectural design, interface design, and data structure design.
- User interface design principles aim to place users in control, reduce memory load, and ensure consistency. Web application interfaces should follow goals like simplicity, consistency, identity, and navigability.
- A design pyramid shows how aesthetic design, navigation menus, content design, and architecture work together in web application interface design. Architecture addresses how an application manages user interaction and presentation of content.
The document discusses key aspects of the software design process including that design is iterative and represented at a high level of abstraction, guidelines for quality design include modularity, information hiding, and functional independence, and architectural design defines system context and archetypes that compose the system.
This document provides an introduction to software design principles and methods. It discusses the overall goal of teaching a systematic and repeatable approach to software architecture design. Key topics covered include software products and design, abstraction and modeling, different types of design, the role of design in the software lifecycle, and an introduction to the Agile software engineering design method. The document provides definitions and explanations of important software design concepts.
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Mitch Kapor's "software design manifesto" emphasized good design exhibiting firmness, commodity, and delight.
- Design encompasses principles, concepts, and practices that lead to high quality systems, including data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design.
- Quality guidelines for design include modularity, distinct representations of elements, appropriate data structures, independent components, and reduced complexity interfaces.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in software design. It begins by listing topics to be covered, including abstraction, architecture, aspects, cohesion, and more. It then asks questions about what design is, who does it, why it's important, and defines software design as implementing software solutions to problems. The document outlines the design process as transforming requirements into a blueprint. It discusses qualities of good design like being firm, suitable for purpose, and pleasurable to use. It provides guidelines like modularity and using recognizable patterns. Fundamental concepts are defined, like abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, and object-oriented design. The elements of the design model are covered, including data, architecture, interfaces
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Design involves modeling the system architecture, interfaces, and components before implementation. This allows assessment and improvement of quality.
- Important design concepts span abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Architecture defines overall structure and interactions. Patterns help solve common problems.
- Separation of concerns and related concepts like modularity and information hiding help decompose problems into independently designed and optimized pieces to improve manageability. Functional independence means each module has a single, well-defined purpose with minimal interaction.
The document discusses key design concepts in software engineering including abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, refinement, functional independence, aspects, refactoring, object-oriented design concepts, and design classes. It provides details on each concept, their importance in software design, and how they lead to the development of high-quality software.
This document discusses key concepts in software design engineering including analysis models, design models, the programmer's approach versus best practices, purposes of design, quality guidelines, design principles, fundamental concepts like abstraction and architecture, and specific design concepts like patterns, modularity, and information hiding. It emphasizes that design is important for translating requirements into a quality software solution before implementation begins.
The document provides an overview of basic software design concepts including the design process, quality factors, techniques, methodologies, approaches, models, modularization, data design, guidelines, verification, and key issues. It discusses that software design is an iterative process of translating requirements into a system blueprint. The design process involves informal to more formal designs. Quality factors, architectures, technologies, styles, and decomposition are considered. Top-down and bottom-up approaches are described. Modularization, data design, and guidelines are covered. Verification ensures the design is valid before implementation. Key issues are areas most prone to mistakes.
The document discusses the differences between analysis modeling and design engineering/modeling. Analysis involves understanding a problem, while design focuses on creating a solution. Models can be used to better understand problems in analysis or solutions in design. The key aspects of design engineering are then outlined, including translating requirements into a software blueprint, iterating on the design, and ensuring quality through guidelines such as modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Common design concepts like abstraction, architecture, patterns, and classes are also explained.
The document discusses software design concepts and principles. It describes design as translating the analysis model into representations of the software that can be built, including a data design, architectural design, interface design, and component design. It provides guidelines for the design process such as ensuring the design is traceable to requirements, avoids reinventing existing solutions, is structured to accommodate change and degrade gracefully when errors occur. The design should be reviewed to minimize errors and assessed for quality during creation.
This document discusses key concepts and principles of software design. It defines design as the process of applying techniques and principles to define a system in sufficient detail to allow its implementation. The goal of design is to translate requirements specified in an SRS document into a design document. Design involves data design, architectural design, interface design, and procedural design. It serves as the foundation for software engineering and maintenance. The document outlines general design tasks, objectives, goals, constraints, and criteria for a good design, emphasizing that design fosters quality and allows accurate translation of requirements into a software product.
The document provides information on a course titled "Software Engineering" taught by Dr. P. Visu at Velammal Engineering College. It includes the course objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and learning resources. The objectives are to understand software project phases, requirements engineering, object-oriented concepts, enterprise integration, and testing techniques. The outcomes cover comparing process models, formulating requirements engineering concepts, understanding object-oriented fundamentals, applying software design procedures, and finding errors with testing techniques. The syllabus covers topics like software processes, requirements analysis, object-oriented concepts, software design, and testing and management over 5 units. Recommended textbooks and online references are also provided.
The document provides information on a course titled "Software Engineering" taught by Dr. P. Visu at Velammal Engineering College. It includes the course objectives, outcomes, syllabus, and learning resources. The objectives are to understand software project phases, requirements engineering, object-oriented concepts, enterprise integration, and testing techniques. The outcomes cover comparing process models, requirements engineering, object-oriented fundamentals, software design, and testing techniques. The syllabus covers topics like software processes, requirements analysis, object-oriented concepts, software design, testing, and project management over 5 units. Recommended textbooks and online references are also provided.
This is take two of the presentation, some things added, some removed, but still the regurgitation is best..
The purpose is to raise your awareness of software architecture in light of modern day agile development. Disciplines to incorporate and reconsider
Similar to Software design and Software engineering.pptx (20)
This document outlines the basic functions of loaders and linkers, including loading programs into memory, relocating programs to allow loading at different addresses, and linking separate object programs. It discusses different types of loaders like assemble-and-go, absolute, and relocating loaders. Relocating loaders allow program relocation through modification records or relocation bits. Linking involves combining control sections and resolving external references and definitions between sections through linker directives in the object code.
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The document discusses various elements of transport layer protocols including establishing connections, addressing, connection establishment, disconnecting connections, flow control, buffering, multiplexing, and crash recovery. Specifically, it describes how connections are established between processes using transport service access points (TSAPs) and addresses (NSAPs), how three-way handshakes are used to set up and tear down connections, and how transport protocols handle issues like flow control, multiplexing of data streams, and recovering from crashes.
Software Configuration Management (SCM) involves identifying, organizing, and controlling changes to software components throughout the development lifecycle. The document defines SCM, outlines the SCM process, and describes key SCM activities like configuration control, version control, change management, and configuration auditing. It explains that SCM helps manage different versions of software, ensure quality, and track all changes made to the system.
A wireless LAN or WLAN uses radio waves to connect devices in a local area network without wires. It uses access points to bridge wireless traffic to a wired backbone network. Wireless LANs use standards like 802.11 and connect devices in a basic service set through an access point, or extend coverage through multiple access points in an extended service set. They operate at the data link layer using CSMA/CA for media access and can provide optional security measures for authentication and privacy.
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3) Educating on OSI and TCP/IP reference models and protocols such as TCP, UDP, and IP.
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Software design and Software engineering.pptx
1. SOFTWARE DESIGN
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
Prepared by
Dr.T.Thendral
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Sri Ramaskrishna College of Arts & Science for Women
Coimbatore
2. • Software design and Software engineering
• The Design process
• Design principles
• Design concepts
• Effective modular design
• Software Architecture
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
3. SOFTWARE DESIGN AND SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING
• Software design is the first of
three technical activities—
design, code generation, and
test—that are required to
build and verify the software
• The design task produces a
data design, an architectural
design, an interface design,
and a component design
• The data design transforms
the information domain model
created during analysis into
the data structures that will be
required to implement the
software
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
4. • The architectural design defines the relationship
between major structural elements of the software,
the “design patterns”
• The interface design describes how the software
communicates within itself, with systems that
interoperate with it and with humans who use it
• An interface implies a flow of information (e.g., data
and/or control) and a specific type of behavior
• The component-level design transforms structural
elements of the software architecture into a
procedural description of software components
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
5. • The importance of software design can be
stated with a single word—quality
• Design is the place where quality is fostered in
software engineering
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
7. THE DESIGN PROCESS
• Software design is an iterative process
through which requirements are translated
into a “blueprint” for constructing the
software
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
8. Design and Software Quality
• Throughout the design process, the quality of
the evolving design is assessed with a series of
formal technical reviews or design
walkthroughs
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
10. • A design should exhibit an architectural
structure that
• (1) has been created using recognizable design
patterns
• (2) is composed of components that exhibit
good design characteristics, and
• (3) can be implemented in an evolutionary
fashion, thereby facilitating implementation
and testing
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
11. • 2. A design should be modular
• 3. A design should contain distinct representations of data,
architecture, interfaces, and components (modules).
• 4. A design should lead to data structures that are
appropriate for the objects
• 5. A design should lead to components that exhibit
independent functional characteristics
• 6. A design should lead to interfaces that reduce the
complexity of connections between modules and with the
external environment
• 7. A design should be derived using a repeatable method
that is driven by information obtained during software
requirements analysis
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
12. The Evolution of Software Design
• Early design work concentrated on criteria for the
development of modular programs and methods
for refining software structures in a top-down
manner
• Procedural aspects of design definition evolved
into a philosophy called structured programming
• Later work proposed methods for the translation
of data flow or data structure into a design
definition
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
13. • Methods have a number of common
characteristics:
• (1) a mechanism for the translation of analysis
model into a design representation
• (2) a notation for representing functional
components and their interfaces
• (3) heuristics for refinement and partitioning, and
• (4) guidelines for quality assessment
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
15. DESIGN PRINCIPLES
• Software design is both a process and a model
• Design should be Creative skill, past
experience, a sense of what makes “good”
software, and an overall commitment to
quality are critical success factors for a
competent design
• The design model is the equivalent of an
architect’s plans for a house
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
16. • e.g., a three-dimensional rendering of the
house
• slowly refines the thing to provide guidance
for constructing each detail (e.g., the
plumbing layout)
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
17. • The design process should not suffer from
“tunnel vision.”- onsider alternative
approaches
• The design should be traceable to the
analysis model- Because a single element of
the design model often traces to multiple
requirements
• Requirements have been satisfied by the
design model!
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
18. • The design should not reinvent the wheel-
Systems are constructed using a set of design
patterns
• These patterns should always be chosen as an
alternative to reinvention
• Time is short and resources are limited
• The design should “minimize the intellectual
distance” between the software and the
problem as it exists in the real world.
• structure of the software design should mimic
the structure of the problem domain
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
19. • The design should exhibit uniformity and
integration-
• A design is uniform if it appears that one
person developed the entire thing.
• Rules of style and format should be defined
for a design team before design work begins
• design is integrated if care is taken in defining
interfaces between design components
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
20. • The design should be structured to accommodate
change
• The design should be structured to degrade
gently, even when a’berrant data, events, or
operating conditions are encountered
• Design is not coding, coding is not design
• The design should be assessed for quality as it is
being created, not after the fact
• The design should be reviewed to minimize
conceptual (semantic) errors
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
22. DESIGN CONCEPTS
• Each helps the software engineer to answer
the following questions:
• What criteria can be used to partition
software into individual components?
• How is function or data structure detail
separated from a conceptual representation of
the software?
• What uniform criteria define the technical
quality of a software design?
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
23. • The beginning of wisdom for a [software
engineer] is to recognize the difference
between getting a program to work, and
getting it right“
• Fundamental software design concepts
provide the necessary framework for "getting
it right"
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
24. Abstraction
• Abstraction:
• When we consider a modular solution to any problem,
many levels of abstraction can be posed
• Procedural Abstraction
• An example of a procedural abstraction would be the word
open for a door
• Data abstraction
• A data abstraction is a named collection of data that
describes a data object
• In the context of the procedural abstraction open, we can
define a data abstraction called door
• data object, the data abstraction for door (e.g., door type,
swing direction, opening mechanism, weight, dimensions)
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
25. • Control abstraction is the third form of
abstraction used in software design
• control abstraction implies a program control
mechanism without specifying internal details
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
26. EFFECTIVE MODULAR DESIGN
• The concept of functional independence is a
direct outgrowth of modularity and the concepts
of abstraction and information hiding
• Independence is measured using two qualitative
criteria: cohesion and coupling.
• Cohesion is a measure of the relative functional
strength of a module.
• Coupling is a measure of the relative
interdependence among modules
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
27. Refinement
• Stepwise refinement is a top-down design
strategy originally proposed by Niklaus Wirth
• In each step (of the refinement), one or several
instructions of the given program are
decomposed into more detailed instructions
• Refinement is actually a process of elaboration
• Abstraction enables a designer to specify
procedure and data and yet suppress low-level
details
• Refinement helps the designer to reveal low-level
details as design progresses
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
28. Modularity
• software is divided into separately named and
addressable components, often called
modules, that are integrated to satisfy
problem requirements
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
30. • Modular decomposability - reduce the complexity of the
overall problem, thereby achieving an effective modular
solution
• Modular composability-If a design method enables existing
(reusable) design components to be assembled into a new
system
• Modular understandability-If a module can be understood
it will be easier to build and easier to change
• Modular continuity-If small changes to the system
requirements result in changes to individual modules
• Modular protection-If an aberrant condition occurs within
a module and its effects are constrained within that module
side effects will be minimized.
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
31. Software Architecture
• Software architecture the overall structure of
the software and the ways in which that
structure provides conceptual integrity for a
system
• One goal of software design is to derive an
architectural rendering of a system
• A set of architectural patterns enable a
software engineer to reuse designlevel
concepts
Prepared by Dr.T.Thendral 15.07.23
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