This document provides a project report on a time table management system for a university. It includes chapters on the software project management plan, software requirements specification, software design description, and software test documentation. The project aims to develop a computerized timetable generation system to automate the complex task of creating clash-free timetables and save time for administrators. It outlines the project organization, tasks, resources, risks, and Gantt chart schedule. The requirements specification defines the objectives, intended users, project scope, and functionalities. Overall, the report provides documentation on planning, requirements, design, and testing for the timetable management system project.
Design and implementation of students timetable management systemNnachi Isaac Onuwa
This document summarizes a student's project on designing and implementing a mobile-based timetable management system for the Department of Computer Science at Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic. The project aims to address the problems with the current manual timetabling system, such as delays in producing timetables and inability to make last-minute changes. The student proposes developing a mobile application using genetic algorithms and technologies like Java, XML and PHP to automate the timetabling process and make timetables easily accessible to students and staff. The application will store timetable data in a MySQL database and be accessible via Android mobile devices for improved convenience.
This document presents a project for developing an Attendance Management System. It aims to computerize the traditional method of taking attendance to make it more efficient. The proposed system would allow for easy generation of attendance reports in real-time. It would reduce paperwork and errors compared to the current manual system. The project details the feasibility and features of the proposed computerized system, which would use HTML and require only a desktop/laptop. It also discusses the motivations, challenges and future scope of the attendance management system.
This project is aimed at developing an online application for the College Management System Dept. of the college. The system is an online application that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside as well with proper login provided. This system can be used as an application for the TPO of the college to manage the student information with regards to placement and college managing. The college management and staff logging should be able to upload their information in the form of a CV and student record and college department record uploaded. Visitor’s college staff representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Students.
This document describes a project to develop a timetable management system using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. It provides background on the course timetabling problem for universities, which is time-consuming and complex due to various constraints. The objectives are to design and implement a system that processes course requirements using AHP to analyze alternatives and generate timetables. The methodology involves rapid prototyping and using AHP to structure criteria in a hierarchy and calculate weights to determine the best timetable. Diagrams show the framework, data flow, and entity relationships of the proposed system. A prototype interface is presented for administrators, lecturers and students.
The document describes a mini project report for an Online Examination System submitted by Vikram Singh Slathia and Rajesh Sahu under the supervision of Mehul Mahrishi. It includes a candidate declaration signed by the students, a certificate signed by the supervisor, and acknowledgements. The abstract provides a brief overview of the Online Examination System as a web-based application for technical evaluation that replaces paperwork and reduces faculty workload.
This document outlines the requirements for an online examination system. It allows students to take exams online, displays results automatically, and saves time. The administrator can create, modify and delete test papers and questions. Users can register, login, and take tests with their ID to see results. It provides exam forms in various languages. The system has a user manual and works on a client-server architecture to support common browsers. It requires hardware like PCs and printers and software like PHP and MySQL. Security is based on user IDs and passwords. The system aims to be reliable, available, maintainable and portable. It must be completed within 7 months.
Design and implementation of students timetable management systemNnachi Isaac Onuwa
This document summarizes a student's project on designing and implementing a mobile-based timetable management system for the Department of Computer Science at Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic. The project aims to address the problems with the current manual timetabling system, such as delays in producing timetables and inability to make last-minute changes. The student proposes developing a mobile application using genetic algorithms and technologies like Java, XML and PHP to automate the timetabling process and make timetables easily accessible to students and staff. The application will store timetable data in a MySQL database and be accessible via Android mobile devices for improved convenience.
This document presents a project for developing an Attendance Management System. It aims to computerize the traditional method of taking attendance to make it more efficient. The proposed system would allow for easy generation of attendance reports in real-time. It would reduce paperwork and errors compared to the current manual system. The project details the feasibility and features of the proposed computerized system, which would use HTML and require only a desktop/laptop. It also discusses the motivations, challenges and future scope of the attendance management system.
This project is aimed at developing an online application for the College Management System Dept. of the college. The system is an online application that can be accessed throughout the organization and outside as well with proper login provided. This system can be used as an application for the TPO of the college to manage the student information with regards to placement and college managing. The college management and staff logging should be able to upload their information in the form of a CV and student record and college department record uploaded. Visitor’s college staff representatives logging in may also access/search any information put up by Students.
This document describes a project to develop a timetable management system using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. It provides background on the course timetabling problem for universities, which is time-consuming and complex due to various constraints. The objectives are to design and implement a system that processes course requirements using AHP to analyze alternatives and generate timetables. The methodology involves rapid prototyping and using AHP to structure criteria in a hierarchy and calculate weights to determine the best timetable. Diagrams show the framework, data flow, and entity relationships of the proposed system. A prototype interface is presented for administrators, lecturers and students.
The document describes a mini project report for an Online Examination System submitted by Vikram Singh Slathia and Rajesh Sahu under the supervision of Mehul Mahrishi. It includes a candidate declaration signed by the students, a certificate signed by the supervisor, and acknowledgements. The abstract provides a brief overview of the Online Examination System as a web-based application for technical evaluation that replaces paperwork and reduces faculty workload.
This document outlines the requirements for an online examination system. It allows students to take exams online, displays results automatically, and saves time. The administrator can create, modify and delete test papers and questions. Users can register, login, and take tests with their ID to see results. It provides exam forms in various languages. The system has a user manual and works on a client-server architecture to support common browsers. It requires hardware like PCs and printers and software like PHP and MySQL. Security is based on user IDs and passwords. The system aims to be reliable, available, maintainable and portable. It must be completed within 7 months.
University timetable construction is hardworking and complicated task when there are large
number of course arrays and limited resources. As a result, universities and some institutes tend to solve this
issue manually even; the results may not always fully optimal. In this paper, we discuss about a framework of
utilizing timetable management system to a medium scale university for resource optimization. Our endeavor
through the overall research was to develop an automated timetable management system to the faculty of IT at
university of Moratuwa to overcome the mentioned scheduling issues. We conducted a preliminary study and
hypothesized it can be achieved by using Genetic Algorithm. In the solution, each individual called chromosome
and it was evaluated using a fitness function in the implementation process. Five great Chromosomes with
higher fitness value considered as optimal solution or timetable schedules. The timetable administrator can
further refine the most suitable timetable. Tools such as PHP, Yii with MVC architecture and MYSQL were used
in this system. Finally, this system was tested and evaluated in the university background and we suggest this
framework is more desirable for medium scale universities.
This document provides a summary of an eTL project. eTL is an event management system that allows users to register for events online. It automatically generates and emails certificates to participants. The system efficiently stores and retrieves data from its database. It aims to save time by automating manual record keeping and report generation tasks. The system will use Java, JSP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, Ajax, and Hibernate framework. It will have modules for registration, events, certificates, notifications, user accounts, and administration.
This document provides a system analysis and design report for a Hotel Management System. It includes sections on the current manual system and its disadvantages, the proposed automated system and its advantages. It covers feasibility analysis including technical, behavioral and economic feasibility. It also includes system design elements like data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams and database tables. The document provides an overview of how the system will be implemented and tested.
We have designed this website with the purpose of allowing the students to give exams and view their results. This site is an attempt to remove the existing flaws in the manual system of conducting exams.
Students are provided the flexibility to choose among different types of aptitude and programming language tests.
The document describes a student management system created by a group of students. The system allows authorized users to access academic records of registered students and simplifies operations for educational institutions. It handles student details like personal information, course and college details, and academic records. The system was developed to automate a manual student management process and reduce costs and errors compared to the previous system. It has functionalities like creating, deleting, updating, and searching student records.
The document is a project report for a Student Information System. It includes an abstract describing the system as providing an interface to maintain student records and generate various reports. It also includes sections on the introduction, objectives, functions, methodology, requirements, diagrams, screenshots, and database design of the student information system project.
Railway Reservation System - Requirement EngineeringDanish Javed
It's a presentation which is dealing with the requirements of the railway ticket reservation system.
Topic: Requirement Engineering in Software Engineering
This S.R.S deals with the basic's of hotel management system.It will show different features with different functionalities.Data Flow diagram is also mentioned With 0 and 1 Level diagram.
This document discusses SQL and relational database management systems. It provides definitions of SQL, DML, DDL, and DCL. Common SQL commands like select, delete, update, and insert are listed. The differences between database management systems and relational database management systems are explained. Examples of database systems like Microsoft Access and SQL Server are provided. Finally, some sample tables for a library database are shown, along with recommendations to computerize the library's customer service and use RFID chips and access restrictions for security.
This document provides a project report on an online voting system created by Nitin Bhasin for NIIT. The report includes an introduction to the online voting system, background and significance of the study, objectives, justification, scope, requirements, and database design. It aims to address issues with existing voting methods in India by providing a secure online system for citizens to vote from anywhere using just a voter ID and password.
This document summarizes an online restaurant management system project. It was supervised by Arifa Sultana and submitted by Mahmuda Binte Habib, Abdullah Al Jweal, and Tauquir Ahmed. The purpose is to allow customers to order food online, pay online, and receive orders at home. It also aims to provide more user-friendly record updating, maintenance, and searching capabilities. The system has features like browsing products, viewing orders, and an admin dashboard. It uses Apache, MySQL, PHP, and XAMPP and has hardware requirements of at least 350MB RAM on a 32-bit OS. Future work may include customization options and saving payment details for future use.
Library Management System Waterfall Modelmitwa1990
The document provides a summary of a team project to develop a Computerized Library Management System called Quick Access. It outlines the team members, topics to be covered which include objectives, competitive analysis, system functionality, non-functional requirements and future enhancements. It also discusses the project management approach including using a waterfall model, estimating time and costs using a work breakdown structure, and identifying risks.
This document provides an overview of a proposed School Management System. It discusses the need to streamline education processes using technology. The existing paper-based system is time-consuming and costly. The proposed system would allow students, teachers, parents and administrators to access up-to-date student information and records in real-time through a centralized database. It would manage tasks like student registration, attendance tracking, report cards, transcripts and more efficiently. The system would use a waterfall model and prototyping approach.
Software requirements specification of Library Management SystemSoumili Sen
The document provides requirements for a Library Management System. It includes 3 or less sentences:
The Library Management System aims to computerize library processes like book borrowing and maintain member and book details in a database. It will allow librarians and members to search for books, view member accounts, and generate reports. The system needs to be secure, fast, and compatible with common browsers and operating systems.
This document provides an overview of a proposed railway reservation system project. The goals are to automate the reservation process and make it more efficient and fast. The system will include modules for train schedules, seat allocation, fare calculation, and administration features. It aims to provide security, accuracy, and reduce manual work while giving users and administrators a friendly interface. The software will use Visual Basic and MS Access, and require at least 512MB RAM and 20GB hard disk on Windows OS.
This document describes a student attendance management system project submitted for a degree program. It includes sections on project certification, declaration, contents, introduction, objectives, system analysis, specification, design, input/output design, data tables, project description, implementation, maintenance, and conclusion. The project aims to develop a computerized system to automate the manual process of maintaining student attendance data and generating reports. It will allow administrators and teachers to easily mark attendance, retrieve records, and view consolidated attendance reports.
This document provides a project report for an Online Attendance Management System. It includes sections on the synopsis, objectives, theoretical background, feasibility study, system analysis and design, and implementation. The proposed system aims to computerize the traditional paper-based attendance tracking system to make it more efficient and reduce manual work. It will allow generating reports in real-time and notifying students about attendance shortages. The feasibility study finds the project economically, technically, behaviorally and operationally feasible. The system analysis covers requirements gathering and the existing and proposed system workflows. Overall, this document outlines the development of an automated attendance management system.
This document outlines an online voting system project that aims to address issues with existing voting systems. It includes sections on the objectives, abstract, introduction, existing systems and their drawbacks, proposed system and advantages, requirements specification including hardware and software, modules, system design including diagrams, coding, testing, screenshots, future enhancements, and conclusions. The project maintains administrator and voter user levels and allows voters to cast their votes online from anywhere in the country. It seeks to make the voting process less expensive, time-consuming, and paper-intensive compared to traditional methods.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) and different methodologies used in systems development. It describes the seven phases of the traditional waterfall SDLC model: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It then covers agile methodologies like Scrum and Lean, which emphasize iterative development and customer collaboration. Key concepts in agile like user stories, estimating effort with story points, and Scrum ceremonies and roles are also explained.
This Is OEMS, Online Exam Management System. OEMS Help to give Exam Online. It's Helpful to Student on Teacher Also. It helps to complete Exam sort time. This Project Submitted By Md. Galib Hossain. Founder BdEngineers.
University timetable construction is hardworking and complicated task when there are large
number of course arrays and limited resources. As a result, universities and some institutes tend to solve this
issue manually even; the results may not always fully optimal. In this paper, we discuss about a framework of
utilizing timetable management system to a medium scale university for resource optimization. Our endeavor
through the overall research was to develop an automated timetable management system to the faculty of IT at
university of Moratuwa to overcome the mentioned scheduling issues. We conducted a preliminary study and
hypothesized it can be achieved by using Genetic Algorithm. In the solution, each individual called chromosome
and it was evaluated using a fitness function in the implementation process. Five great Chromosomes with
higher fitness value considered as optimal solution or timetable schedules. The timetable administrator can
further refine the most suitable timetable. Tools such as PHP, Yii with MVC architecture and MYSQL were used
in this system. Finally, this system was tested and evaluated in the university background and we suggest this
framework is more desirable for medium scale universities.
This document provides a summary of an eTL project. eTL is an event management system that allows users to register for events online. It automatically generates and emails certificates to participants. The system efficiently stores and retrieves data from its database. It aims to save time by automating manual record keeping and report generation tasks. The system will use Java, JSP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, Ajax, and Hibernate framework. It will have modules for registration, events, certificates, notifications, user accounts, and administration.
This document provides a system analysis and design report for a Hotel Management System. It includes sections on the current manual system and its disadvantages, the proposed automated system and its advantages. It covers feasibility analysis including technical, behavioral and economic feasibility. It also includes system design elements like data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams and database tables. The document provides an overview of how the system will be implemented and tested.
We have designed this website with the purpose of allowing the students to give exams and view their results. This site is an attempt to remove the existing flaws in the manual system of conducting exams.
Students are provided the flexibility to choose among different types of aptitude and programming language tests.
The document describes a student management system created by a group of students. The system allows authorized users to access academic records of registered students and simplifies operations for educational institutions. It handles student details like personal information, course and college details, and academic records. The system was developed to automate a manual student management process and reduce costs and errors compared to the previous system. It has functionalities like creating, deleting, updating, and searching student records.
The document is a project report for a Student Information System. It includes an abstract describing the system as providing an interface to maintain student records and generate various reports. It also includes sections on the introduction, objectives, functions, methodology, requirements, diagrams, screenshots, and database design of the student information system project.
Railway Reservation System - Requirement EngineeringDanish Javed
It's a presentation which is dealing with the requirements of the railway ticket reservation system.
Topic: Requirement Engineering in Software Engineering
This S.R.S deals with the basic's of hotel management system.It will show different features with different functionalities.Data Flow diagram is also mentioned With 0 and 1 Level diagram.
This document discusses SQL and relational database management systems. It provides definitions of SQL, DML, DDL, and DCL. Common SQL commands like select, delete, update, and insert are listed. The differences between database management systems and relational database management systems are explained. Examples of database systems like Microsoft Access and SQL Server are provided. Finally, some sample tables for a library database are shown, along with recommendations to computerize the library's customer service and use RFID chips and access restrictions for security.
This document provides a project report on an online voting system created by Nitin Bhasin for NIIT. The report includes an introduction to the online voting system, background and significance of the study, objectives, justification, scope, requirements, and database design. It aims to address issues with existing voting methods in India by providing a secure online system for citizens to vote from anywhere using just a voter ID and password.
This document summarizes an online restaurant management system project. It was supervised by Arifa Sultana and submitted by Mahmuda Binte Habib, Abdullah Al Jweal, and Tauquir Ahmed. The purpose is to allow customers to order food online, pay online, and receive orders at home. It also aims to provide more user-friendly record updating, maintenance, and searching capabilities. The system has features like browsing products, viewing orders, and an admin dashboard. It uses Apache, MySQL, PHP, and XAMPP and has hardware requirements of at least 350MB RAM on a 32-bit OS. Future work may include customization options and saving payment details for future use.
Library Management System Waterfall Modelmitwa1990
The document provides a summary of a team project to develop a Computerized Library Management System called Quick Access. It outlines the team members, topics to be covered which include objectives, competitive analysis, system functionality, non-functional requirements and future enhancements. It also discusses the project management approach including using a waterfall model, estimating time and costs using a work breakdown structure, and identifying risks.
This document provides an overview of a proposed School Management System. It discusses the need to streamline education processes using technology. The existing paper-based system is time-consuming and costly. The proposed system would allow students, teachers, parents and administrators to access up-to-date student information and records in real-time through a centralized database. It would manage tasks like student registration, attendance tracking, report cards, transcripts and more efficiently. The system would use a waterfall model and prototyping approach.
Software requirements specification of Library Management SystemSoumili Sen
The document provides requirements for a Library Management System. It includes 3 or less sentences:
The Library Management System aims to computerize library processes like book borrowing and maintain member and book details in a database. It will allow librarians and members to search for books, view member accounts, and generate reports. The system needs to be secure, fast, and compatible with common browsers and operating systems.
This document provides an overview of a proposed railway reservation system project. The goals are to automate the reservation process and make it more efficient and fast. The system will include modules for train schedules, seat allocation, fare calculation, and administration features. It aims to provide security, accuracy, and reduce manual work while giving users and administrators a friendly interface. The software will use Visual Basic and MS Access, and require at least 512MB RAM and 20GB hard disk on Windows OS.
This document describes a student attendance management system project submitted for a degree program. It includes sections on project certification, declaration, contents, introduction, objectives, system analysis, specification, design, input/output design, data tables, project description, implementation, maintenance, and conclusion. The project aims to develop a computerized system to automate the manual process of maintaining student attendance data and generating reports. It will allow administrators and teachers to easily mark attendance, retrieve records, and view consolidated attendance reports.
This document provides a project report for an Online Attendance Management System. It includes sections on the synopsis, objectives, theoretical background, feasibility study, system analysis and design, and implementation. The proposed system aims to computerize the traditional paper-based attendance tracking system to make it more efficient and reduce manual work. It will allow generating reports in real-time and notifying students about attendance shortages. The feasibility study finds the project economically, technically, behaviorally and operationally feasible. The system analysis covers requirements gathering and the existing and proposed system workflows. Overall, this document outlines the development of an automated attendance management system.
This document outlines an online voting system project that aims to address issues with existing voting systems. It includes sections on the objectives, abstract, introduction, existing systems and their drawbacks, proposed system and advantages, requirements specification including hardware and software, modules, system design including diagrams, coding, testing, screenshots, future enhancements, and conclusions. The project maintains administrator and voter user levels and allows voters to cast their votes online from anywhere in the country. It seeks to make the voting process less expensive, time-consuming, and paper-intensive compared to traditional methods.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) and different methodologies used in systems development. It describes the seven phases of the traditional waterfall SDLC model: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It then covers agile methodologies like Scrum and Lean, which emphasize iterative development and customer collaboration. Key concepts in agile like user stories, estimating effort with story points, and Scrum ceremonies and roles are also explained.
This Is OEMS, Online Exam Management System. OEMS Help to give Exam Online. It's Helpful to Student on Teacher Also. It helps to complete Exam sort time. This Project Submitted By Md. Galib Hossain. Founder BdEngineers.
The document discusses several system development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, iterative, incremental, spiral, RAD, concurrent, and unified process models. The key phases of SDLC are defined as preliminary survey, analysis, design, implementation, post-implementation/maintenance, and project termination. Each model takes different approaches such as sequential, iterative, incremental, or concurrent development through the SDLC phases.
The document describes a proposed web application for automating project management tasks at an engineering institute. The application would allow students to form groups, get project approvals, submit work, and receive feedback and evaluations. It consists of two modules - one for online project work and another to evaluate student and project progress. The goal is to streamline project activities and provide a centralized platform for communication between students and guides.
This document discusses several software development models and practices. It describes the waterfall model which involves sequential stages of requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It also covers prototyping, rapid application development (RAD), and component assembly models which are more iterative in nature. The prototyping model involves creating prototypes to help define requirements, RAD emphasizes reuse and short development cycles, and component assembly focuses on reusing existing software components.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), outlining its main phases: planning, requirements analysis, feasibility study, system design, development/coding, system testing, implementation, and maintenance. It provides details on each phase, explaining their key activities and purposes. The SDLC is presented as a process used by systems analysts to develop information systems according to requirements, while ensuring quality, on-time and on-budget completion, effective performance, and cost-efficient maintenance.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models, including waterfall, iterative, prototyping, and spiral models. It describes the basic stages and processes involved in each model. The waterfall model involves sequential stages of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and deployment. The iterative model allows revisiting earlier stages and incremental releases. The prototyping model uses prototypes to gather early user feedback. Finally, the spiral model combines iterative development and risk analysis, proceeding in cycles of planning, risk analysis, development, and evaluation.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, incremental, spiral, rapid application development (RAD), dynamic systems development method (DSDM), adaptive software development, and agile methods. It provides an overview of the key characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and types of projects that each model is best suited for. Tailored SDLC models are recommended to customize processes based on specific project needs and risks.
This document discusses different process models used in software development. It describes the key phases and characteristics of several common process models including waterfall, prototyping, V-model, incremental, iterative, spiral and agile development models. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration. Prototyping allows for user feedback earlier. The V-model adds verification and validation phases. Incremental and iterative models divide the work into smaller chunks to allow for iteration and user feedback throughout development.
Implementation Of A Pre Study Phase EssayAshley Thomas
The document discusses the key ideas from Fred Brooks' book "The Mythical Man-Month", which explores software development project management. It explains that a "man-month" represents the effort of one person over a four-week period, which is typically estimated at 160 hours. Brooks' central thesis is that adding more people to a late software project makes it later, contradicting the assumption that more people means more work gets done in less time. The document analyzes Brooks' law and its implications for software development scheduling and resource estimation.
The document discusses systems analysis and design (SAD), which refers to the process of examining a business situation with the intent of improving it through better procedures and methods. SAD involves defining problems, requirements, and specifications, as well as designing solutions and implementations. It discusses the various phases of system development like planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It also describes different approaches to system development like process-oriented, object-oriented, and data-oriented. Finally, it discusses different system development life cycle (SDLC) models like waterfall, spiral, and agile models.
The document discusses several software engineering process models. It begins by defining a generic process model with five framework activities: communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It then describes different types of process flows (linear, iterative, evolutionary, parallel). Next, it discusses prescriptive process models in more detail, including the waterfall model, incremental process models, and evolutionary models like prototyping and spiral. For each model, it provides an overview and highlights advantages and disadvantages.
This document is a project report for an Automation Management System created by two students to fulfill their degree requirements. It includes sections on the problem statement, process model used, requirements analysis including questionnaires and interviews, data flow diagrams, a data dictionary, use cases, effort estimation, a timeline chart, risk table, architectural design, and testing approach. The problem is that the current manual system is slow and error-prone, so the project aims to develop a computerized system to automate the management processes, make them faster and easier to use, and reduce paperwork. A waterfall process model is used. The requirements analysis covers information gathering and specification of functional and non-functional requirements.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, rapid application development (RAD), incremental, spiral, and timeboxing. It provides descriptions of each model including typical steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best suited. It also discusses capability maturity model (CMM) levels and how changing the lifecycle model can impact development speed, quality, visibility, overhead, risk, and customer relations.
Software Developement Life Cycle ppt.pptxAbcXyz141938
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC), outlining its main phases and models. The SDLC is a framework that defines tasks performed at each stage of software development, from requirements gathering to maintenance. It aims to produce high-quality software that meets requirements. The document outlines several SDLC models - waterfall, incremental, evolutionary, spiral, RAD, and extreme programming - comparing their advantages and disadvantages. It concludes that the SDLC is a process of developing software through analysis, planning, design, implementation, integration, maintenance and testing.
The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development process. SDLC is a structure followed by a development team within the software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain and replace specific software.
This document provides an overview of software engineering and a generic process model. It discusses that software should be engineered to meet 21st century challenges. A software engineering process involves communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment activities applied iteratively. It also involves umbrella activities like tracking, reviews, and configuration management. Finally, it presents a schematic of a generic process model showing the relationship between framework activities, actions, and tasks.
Evolution of software; Characteristics of software; Software applications; Components of software; Software myths; Software problems; Software reuse; Overview of risk management; Process visibility; Professional responsibility.
Similar to Time Table Management System Software Report (20)
Internship report on IT Audit. Report includes complete IT Audit process followed by the industry with Vulenerability Assessment Tools most commonly used.
- The stock market refers to the collection of exchanges where public trading of company stocks and shares takes place. It allows companies to raise capital and investors to share in ownership.
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Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
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Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
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Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
1. Project Report on
“Time Table Management System”
“Symbiosis University of Applied Science”
School of Computer Science and Information Technology”
For the Academic Session
2017-2018
Submitted By:
Aarushi Bhansali (2016AB001001)
Abhishek Dwivedi (2016AB001003)
Aditya Jain (2016AB001005)
Muskan Jain (2016AB001042)
Rachit Sachdev (2016AB001057)
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content
CHAPTER 1 - Software Project Management Plan (SPMP)
1.Introduction
1.1 Project Overview
1.2 Purpose
2.Project Organization
2.1 Software Process Model
2.2 Roles and Responsibilities
2.3 Tools and Techniques
3.Project Management Plan
3.1 Tasks
3.2 Information Gathering
3.3 Resources Needed
3.4 Dependencies and Constraints
3.5 Risks and Contingencies
4.Project Scheduling
4.1Gantt Chart
CHAPTER 2 - Software Requirements Specifications (SRS)
1.Introduction
1.1 Project Overview
2.Specific Requirements
2.1 User Interfaces
3.Product Description
3.1 Objective
3.2 Intended Audience
3.3 Project Scope
3.4 Benefits over previous systems
4.Functionalities
5.Features
6.Project Justification
3. CHAPTER 3 - Software Design Description (SDD)
1.Introduction
1.1 Design Overview
1.2 UML Diagram
1.2.1 Use Case Diagram
1.2.2 Class Diagram
1.3 Database Design
1.4 User Interface
1.4.1 Desktop Application
1.4.2 Web Application
CHAPTER 4 - Software Test Documentation (STD)
1.Testing Objectives
2. Quality dimensions of web application testing
3. Possible errors in a web-app design
4. Possible error aspects in our project
5. Testing strategies
6. The testing process
7. Database testing
8. User interface testing
9. Testing interface mechanisms
10. Basis path testing and Cyclomatic complexity
4. ABSTRACT
Timetabling concerns all activities with regard to producing a schedule that must be subjective to different
constraints. Timetable can be defined as the optimization of given activities, actions or events to a set of
objects in space-time matrix to satisfy a set of desirable constraints.
A college timetable is a temporal arrangement of a set of lectures and classrooms in which all given
constraints are satisfied. Creating such timetables manually is complex and time-consuming process.
By automating this process with computer assisted timetable generator can save a lot of precious time of
administrators who are involved in creating and managing course timetables. Since every college has its own
timetabling problem, the commercially available software packages may not suit the need of every college.
Hence we have developed practical approach for building lecture course timetabling system, which can be
customized to fit to any colleges timetabling problem. This project introduces a practical timetabling
algorithm capable of taking care of both strong and weak constraints effectively, used in an automated
timetabling system. So that each teacher and student can view their timetable once they are finalized for a
given semester but they can’t edit them.
5. CHAPTER 1- SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN
1. INTRODUCTION
Timetabling concerns all activities with regard to producing a schedule that must be subjective to
different constraints. Timetable can be defined as the optimization of given activities, actions or events
to a set of objects in space-time matrix to satisfy a set of desirable constraints.
A key factor in running an educational centre or basically an academic environment is the need for a
well-planned, well-throughout and clash-free timetable. Back in the days when technology was not in
wide use, (lecture) timetables were manually created by the academic institution.
Every school year, tertiary institutions are faced with the tedious task of drawing up academic timetables
that satisfies the various courses and the respective examination being offered by the different
departments.
Timetable development process starts when each Head of Department provide the following
information to be used for timetable scheduling. The information provides the modules with dates, time
and venues suitable in a particular semester:
Examinable courses in a particular semester.
Dates for lectures to be held (Lectures can be scheduled between Monday and Friday).
Specified time for lectures ( i.e. Between 8am and 4pm)
The venue of the scheduled lectures.
A timetabling problem consists of four parameters and they are:
T (set of time),
R (set of available resources),
M (set of scheduled contacts) and
C (set of constraints).
This problem assigns time and resources to the contacts on such a way that the constraints will be
satisfied. In various timetabling problems, educational timetabling has been generally examined from
practical standpoint.
The quality of the timetable determines the quality of time dedicated by lecturers, students and
administrators to academic activities. Various academic timetabling includes:
School timetable
Lecture timetable
Examination timetable and
Assignment timetable.
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
Timetabling concerns all activities with regard to producing a schedule that must be subjective to
different constraints. Timetable can be defined as the optimization of given activities, actions or
events to a set of objects in space-time matrix to satisfy a set of desirable constraints. A college
timetable is a temporal arrangement of a set of lectures and classrooms in which all given
constraints are satisfied. Creating such timetables manually is complex and time-consuming
process. By automating this process with computer assisted timetable generator can save a lot of
6. precious time of administrators who are involved in creating and managing course timetables. Since
every college has its own timetabling problem, the commercially available software packages may
not suit the need of every college.
1.2 PURPOSE
Planning timetables is one of the most complex and error-prone applications. The available system
currently builds or generates a set of timetables manually, but most times have issues with generating a
clash-free and complete timetable. There are still serious problems like generation of high cost time
tables are occurring while scheduling and these problems are repeating frequently. Most educational
institutions have resorted to manual generation of their timetables which according to statistics takes
much time to get completed and optimal. Even at the optimal stage of the manually generated timetable,
there are still a few clashes and it is the lecturer that takes a clashing course that works out the logistics
of the course so as to avoid the clash. Therefore there is a great requirement for an application
distributing the course evenly and without collisions. Our aim here is to develop a simple, easily
understandable, efficient and portable application, which could automatically generate good
quality timetables within seconds.
2. PROJECT ORGANIZATION
2.1 Software Process Model
The Waterfall Model was first Process Model to be introduced. In a Waterfall model, each phase
must be completed before the next phase can begin and there is no overlapping in the
phases. Waterfall model is the earliest SDLC approach that was used for software development.
In “The Waterfall” approach, the whole process of software development is divided into separate
phases. The outcome of one phase acts as the input for the next phase sequentially. This means that
any phase in the development process begins only if the previous phase is complete. The waterfall
model is a sequential design process in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like
a waterfall) through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing,
Production/Implementation and Maintenance.
As the Waterfall Model illustrates the software development process in a linear sequential flow;
hence it is also referred to as a Linear-Sequential Life Cycle Model.
7. SEQUENTIAL PHASES IN WATERFALL MODEL
Requirements: The first phase involves understanding what need to be design and what is its
function, purpose etc. Here, the specifications of the input and output or the final product are
studied and marked.
System Design: The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and
system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements
and also helps in defining overall system architecture. The software code to be written in the
next stage is created now.
Implementation: With inputs from system design, the system is first developed in small
programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested
for its functionality which is referred to as Unit Testing.
Integration and Testing: All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into
a system after testing of each unit. The software designed, needs to go through constant
software testing to find out if there are any flaw or errors. Testing is done so that the client does
not face any problem during the installation of the software.
Deployment of System: Once the functional and non-functional testing is done, the product is
deployed in the customer environment or released into the market.
Maintenance: This step occurs after installation, and involves making modifications to the
system or an individual component to alter attributes or improve performance. These
modifications arise either due to change requests initiated by the customer, or defects
uncovered during live use of the system. Client is provided with regular maintenance and
support for the developed software.
All these phases are cascaded to each other in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards
(like a waterfall) through the phases. The next phase is started only after the defined set of goals
are achieved for previous phase and it is signed off, so the name “Waterfall Model“.
2.2 Roles and Responsibilities
User Roles:
Users can access the website/app, they can read the content.
Users would be able to give feedback.
Users would be able to manage their account and see their time-table.
Admin Roles:
Admin can view all the content (All the timetables i.e. personal as well as general).
If the need be, admin can remove a timetable from the website/app.
Admin can view feedback given by users, and solve their queries.
Admin has the authority to manage the database.
8. 2.3 Tools and Techniques
The tools and techniques used are mentioned as:
Tools used:
1. Designing: XAMPP/WAMPP
2. Coding: Netbeans and Eclipse
3. Database: MySQL
4. Creating UML Diagrams: ArgoUML
Techniques used:
1. Front-End: HTML, CSS
2. Back-End: Java, PHP
3. Database: MySQL
3. Project Management Plan
3.1 Tasks
The major tasks are:
• Analysis of major deliverables
• Storing the data in database
• Documentation and modelling
• Approval to documentation
• Creating a user interface
• Coding for interface
• Testing the project
3.2 Information Gathering
During information gathering we observed that Making A Daily Clash Free time table is a very
Tedious Tasks. It is very difficult to create a clash free time table.
3.3 Resources Needed
• Processor: Pentium(R) Dual-core CPU or Higher
• Hard Disk: Minimum 40 GB
• Ram: 512MB or Higher
A Web Application on “Time Table Generator-plan ahead” is built up using following techniques:
FRONT-END
a. HTML
b. CSS
c. JavaScript
d. JQuery
BACK-END
a. PHP
DATABASE
a. MySQL and PHPMyAdmin
9. A Desktop Application on “Time Table Generator-plan ahead” is built up using following techniques:
Platforms:
JAVA GUI Swing
MySQL
IDE’s:
Netbeans
Eclipse
MySQL- Command Line Interface
3.4 CONSTRAINTS
3.4.1 HARDCONSTRAINTS
Class can only be assigned if room is spare.
No teacher or student have more than one class at a time.
A classroom must have enough seats to accommodate all students.
3.4.2 SOFTCONSTRAINTS
Time of class preferred by teacher.
Specific Room preferred by any teacher.
Break time between different lectures preferred by teacher.
Lesswalktoattendlecturesbystudent.
3.5 Risks and Contingencies
Risks are identified, classified and managed before actual execution of program. These risks are
classified in different categories.
• Schedule Risk:
Project schedule get slip when project tasks and schedule release risks are not addressed properly.
Schedule risks mainly impact on project and finally on company economy and may lead to project
failure. Schedules often slip due to following reasons:
Wrong time estimation.
Resources are not tracked properly.
Failure to identify complex functionalities.
• Budget Risk:
Wrong budget estimation.
Cost overruns
Project scope expansion
• Operational Risks:
Risks of loss due to improper process implementation
Failed system or some external events risks.
Causes of Operational risks:
Failure to address priority conflicts.
Failure to resolve the responsibilities.
10. • Technical risks:
Technical risks generally leads to failure of functionality and performance.Causes of technical risks
are:
Continuous changing requirements.
No advanced technology available or the existing technology is in initial stages.
Product is complex to implement.
Difficult project modules integration.
• External Risks:
These are the external risks beyond the operational limits. These are all uncertain risks are outside
the control of the program. These external events can be:
Running out of fund.
Market development.
Changing customer product strategy and priority.
Government rule changes.
4. Project Scheduling
4.1 Gantt Chart
November 2017
(First Week)
November 2017
(Second Week)
November 2017
(Third Week)
Planning
Research
Designing
Implementation
Testing
11. CHAPTER 2- SOFTWARE Requirements specifications (srs)
1. INTRODUCTION
Timetabling concerns all activities with regard to producing a schedule that must be subjective to
different constraints. Timetable can be defined as the optimization of given activities, actions or events
to a set of objects in space-time matrix to satisfy a set of desirable constraints.
A key factor in running an educational centre or basically an academic environment is the need for a
well-planned, well-throughout and clash-free timetable. Back in the days when technology was not in
wide use, (lecture) timetables were manually created by the academic institution.
Every school year, tertiary institutions are faced with the tedious task of drawing up academic timetables
that satisfies the various courses and the respective examination being offered by the different
departments.
Timetable development process starts when each Head of Department provide the following
information to be used for timetable scheduling. The information provides the modules with dates, time
and venues suitable in a particular semester:
Examinable courses in a particular semester.
Dates for lectures to be held (Lectures can be scheduled between Monday and Friday).
Specified time for lectures ( i.e. Between 8am and 4pm)
The venue of the scheduled lectures.
A timetabling problem consists of four parameters and they are:
T (set of time),
R (set of available resources),
M (set of scheduled contacts) and
C (set of constraints).
This problem assigns time and resources to the contacts on such a way that the constraints will be
satisfied. In various timetabling problems, educational timetabling has been generally examined from
practical standpoint.
The quality of the timetable determines the quality of time dedicated by lecturers, students and
administrators to academic activities. Various academic timetabling includes:
School timetable
Lecture timetable
Examination timetable and
Assignment timetable.
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
Timetabling concerns all activities with regard to producing a schedule that must be subjective to
different constraints. Timetable can be defined as the optimization of given activities, actions or
events to a set of objects in space-time matrix to satisfy a set of desirable constraints. A college
timetable is a temporal arrangement of a set of lectures and classrooms in which all given
constraints are satisfied. Creating such timetables manually is complex and time-consuming
process. By automating this process with computer assisted timetable generator can save a lot of
12. precious time of administrators who are involved in creating and managing course timetables. Since
every college has its own timetabling problem, the commercially available software packages may
not suit the need of every college.
2. PURPOSE
Planning timetables is one of the most complex and error-prone applications. The available system
currently builds or generates a set of timetables manually, but most times have issues with generating a
clash-free and complete timetable. There are still serious problems like generation of high cost time
tables are occurring while scheduling and these problems are repeating frequently. Most educational
institutions have resorted to manual generation of their timetables which according to statistics takes
much time to get completed and optimal. Even at the optimal stage of the manually generated timetable,
there are still a few clashes and it is the lecturer that takes a clashing course that works out the logistics
of the course so as to avoid the clash. Therefore there is a great requirement for an application
distributing the course evenly and without collisions. Our aim here is to develop a simple, easily
understandable, efficient and portable application, which could automatically generate good
quality timetables within seconds.
3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
3.1 USER INTERFACES
User: The User is one who intends to view the Time Table i.e. it can be Student, Teachers,
Course/Subject Co-ordinator and even the Head of Department. Multiple users can connect
through the software for viewing the time table.
Admin: She/he is the one that uses the Software to generate Time-Table according to the needs
and specific requirements of the Class for which the time table needs to be formed.
4. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
4.1 OBJECTIVE
The main objectives of our project are:
1 The final system should able to generate time tables in completely automated way which will
save a lot of time and effort of an institute administration.
2 To make a timetable system generic so that I can work equally well for different School,
Colleges and Universities.
3 User defined constraints handling.
4 Ease of use for user of system so that he/she can make automatic timetable.
5 Focus on optimization of resources i.e. teachers, labs and rooms etc.
6 Provide a facility for everyone to view timetable.
7 Generate multiple useful views from time table.
4.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE
Intended audience of the project comprises of any individual belonging to organization like school,
college, or university who needs to design the schedule of the working of the employees or the
schedule of any course curriculum.
4.3 PROJECT SCOPE
13. Timetable Generation System generates timetable for each class and teacher, in keeping with the
availability calendar of teachers, availability and capacity of physical resources (such as classrooms,
laboratories and computer room) and rules applicable at different classes, semesters, teachers and
subjects level. Best of all, this Timetable Generation System tremendously improves resource
utilization and optimization.
4.4 BENEFITS OVER PREVIOUS SYSTEM
The Timetable Generator System allows users to generate time table for newly occurring changes in
less time, with less effort and with more efficiency. It will allow users to work on and view time
tables in different platforms and view different information simultaneously. The Software will
create Individual Schedules also i.e. it will create Academic Schedule, Examination Schedule, Class
Schedule, Professor Schedules individually.
5. FUNCTIONALITIES
The Software made will have Following Functionalities. Some of the Major Functionalities are stated
below-
Creating Recess and Prayer slots
Generate Multiple Time Tables
Information Storing in Data-Base
Vanquishes human errors
Reduces human efforts
Academic Calendar
Systematic planning
Personal Scheduler
Lectures Scheduling
Course Scheduling
Exam Scheduling
6. FEATURES
Interfaceforinput: The system will be having an easy to use and interactive interface to enter all the
inputs like the workload for the teachers, how many no. of students of which branches are studying
the subject in a semester, the data for the rooms and data for the labs.
DatabaseCapabilities:The system will have well-designed database to store all the information which
will be entered in as the input. Separate database maintaining basic information’s, subjects, teachers,
batches and their associations and other details Database for holding generated timetable and for
storing required timetables.
ProcessingCapabilities:The system will have algorithms to process all the data present in the database
and keeping in view the various constraints like that a teacher should not have two consecutive
lectures/labs, students have minimum one hour gaps, proper rooms are allocated for the lectures
and tutorials, labs are used optimally so that they are used for the maximum possible time, it will
generate the time table.
SearchPanel:The system will have an easy to use to search panel to search according his need on the
time tables stored in the database. The system would give the response to the user quires in the
proper format and errors messages will be shown properly to tell user about his mistakes and to
guide him/her for proper use of the system.
14. Features for assigning priorities for subjects.
Features for editing generated table, saving edited tables and opening saved tables.
High portability, works on almost all systems available.
Highly efficient, needs only few minutes to complete whole procedure.
7. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
University is currently having a Manual Time-Table Generation System Which is very time consuming
and even faces clashing.
To overcome this problem and provide the university a good automated timetable generation system
this project has been taken.
The software made i.e. “TIME-TABLE GENERATOR SYSTEM” will be an easy to use and error free
system. It will avoid the Clashes and will made time table for all the Classes.
It is expected that the project will be completed in this semester, but if due to some problems it is
not completed in this semester it will be continued in the next semester till it is completed.
Regarding the cost there will be no expenditure in buying the new software to install the system as
the university is already having MSSQL and Windows operating system which will be required to use
the project. The required hardware is already available with the university.
15. CHAPTER 3- software designer description
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Design Overview
Through this project, we are trying to provide a platform to the users to write about anything which
could be useful for other bloggers/users. It can be a life hack, an experience that moved you, or
regarding academics. Internet is extremely vast. Internet can be a life saviour and annoyingly chaotic
at the same time.
1.2 UML Diagrams
The Unified Modelling Language is a standard visual modelling language intended to be used for
• modelling business and similar processes,
• Analysis, design, and implementation of software-based systems
UML is a common language for business analysts, software architects and developers used to
describe, specify, design, and document existing or new business processes, structure and
behaviour of artifacts of software systems. UML can be applied to diverse application domains
(e.g., banking, finance, internet, aerospace, healthcare, etc.) It can be used with all major object
and component software development methods and for various implementation platforms (e.g.,
J2EE, .NET).
1.2.1 USE-CASE DIAGRAM
Use case diagrams are
used to gather the
requirements of a system
including internal and
external influences. These
requirements are mostly
design requirements.
Hence, when a system is
analyzed to gather its
functionalities, use cases
are prepared and actors
are identified. When the
initial task is complete,
use case diagrams are
modelled to present the
outside view.
Used to gather the
requirements of a system.
Used to get an outside view of a system.
Identify the external and internal factors influencing the system.
Show the interaction among the requirements are actors.
16. 1.2.2 CLASS DIAGRAM
The purpose of class diagram is to model the static view of an application. Class diagrams are
the only diagrams which can be directly mapped with object-oriented languages and thus
widely used at the time of construction. UML diagrams like activity diagram, sequence
diagram can only give the sequence flow of the application, however class diagram is a bit
different. It is the most popular UML diagram in the coder community. The purpose of the
class diagram can be summarized as −
Analysis and design of the static view of an application.
Describe responsibilities of a system.
Base for component and deployment diagrams.
Forward and reverse engineering.
1.3 Database Design:
TEACHERS
TEACHER_ID
TEACHER_NAME
WEEKHOUR
SUBJECT
SUBJECT_ID
SUBJECT_NAME
TEACHER_SUBJECT
TEACHER_ID
SUBJECT_ID
CLASSES
CLASS_ID
CLASS_NAME
CLASS_TEACHER
CLASS_ID
TEACHER_ID
TEACHER_HOUR
MAX_HOUR
17. 1.4 USER INTERFACES
1.4.1 Desktop Application:
Below Screenshots are the User Interfaces of Partially Completed Desktop
Application made by Our Group.
18. 1.4.2 Dynamic Web Application: User Interface for Partially Completed Web
Application made by our Group.
19.
20.
21. CHAPTER 4- software test documentation (std)
1. Testing Objectives
The objective for using black box testing is to validate that the application works as
the user will be operating it and in the environments of their systems. Black-box
testing checks that the user interface and user inputs and outputs all work correctly.
Part of this is that error handling must work correctly. It's used in functional and system
testing.
2. QUALITY DIMENSIONS OF WEB APPLICATION TESTING:
Following are the key quality aspects to keep in mind for testing of web-apps, and test
cases are to be framed accordingly.
Content is evaluated at both a syntactic and semantic level.
Syntactic level—spelling, punctuation and grammar are assessed for text-based
documents.
Semantic level—correctness (of information presented), consistency (across the
entire content object and related objects) and lack of ambiguity are all assessed.
Function is tested for correctness, instability, and general conformance to appropriate
implementation standards (e.g., Java or XML language standards).
Structure is assessed to ensure that it
properly delivers WebApp content and function
is extensible
can be supported as new content or functionality is added.
Usability is tested to ensure that each category of user
is supported by the interface
can learn and apply all required navigation syntax and semantics
Navigability is tested to ensure that all navigation syntax and semantics are exercised
to uncover any navigation errors (e.g., dead links, improper links, erroneous links).
Performance is tested under a variety of operating conditions, configurations, and
loading to ensure that
the system is responsive to user interaction
the system handles extreme loading without unacceptable operational degradation
22. Compatibility is tested by executing the WebApp in a variety of different host
configurations on both the client and server sides. The intent is to find errors that are
specific to a unique host configuration.
Interoperability is tested to ensure that the WebApp properly interfaces with other
applications and/or databases.
Security is tested by assessing potential vulnerabilities and attempting to exploit each.
Any successful penetration attempt is deemed a security failure.
3. POSSIBLE ERRORS IN A WEB-APP DESIGN:
Because many types of WebApp tests uncover problems that are first evidenced on
the client side, you often see a symptom of the error, not the error itself.
Because a WebApp is implemented in a number of different configurations and
within different environments, it may be difficult or impossible to reproduce an error
outside the environment in which the error was originally encountered.
Although some errors are the result of incorrect design or improper HTML (or other
programming language) coding, many errors can be traced to the WebApp
configuration.
Because WebApps reside within a client/server architecture, errors can be difficult to
trace across three architectural layers: the client, the server, or the network itself.
Some errors are due to the static operating environment (i.e., the specific
configuration in which testing is conducted), while others are attributable to the
dynamic operating environment (i.e., instantaneous resource loading or time-related
errors).
4. Possible error aspects in our project:
The quality of the content (both semantic and syntactic) could be compromised if
errors creep in.
The login criteria could be violated; i.e, every login must create a session which will
expire after a certain time of inactivity. If this fails, this would be a major security
breach.
Process of going from index -> teacher_panel -> class_panel -> table_layout_panel is
a transaction. So all the ACID properties of transaction must be ensured.
The navigation constraints should be uniformly implemented.
o The user cannot go back or refresh the webpage once the generation of time-
table process has begun.
23. o The sequence of the time-table generation process should not be violated or else
the generated time table might be faulty.
The algorithm (logic) could be faulty or falsely implemented.
The number of entities to be generated in the dropdown must be precise and accurate
or else the whole generation would be rendered useless.
5. WEB-APP TESTING STRATEGIES:
The content model for the WebApp is reviewed to uncover errors.
The interface model is reviewed to ensure that all use-cases can be accommodated.
The design model for the WebApp is reviewed to uncover navigation errors.
The user interface is tested to uncover errors in presentation and/or navigation
mechanics.
Selected functional components are unit tested.
Navigation throughout the architecture is tested.
The WebApp is implemented in a variety of different environmental configurations
and is tested for compatibility with each configuration.
Security tests are conducted in an attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in the WebApp or
within its environment.
Performance tests are conducted.
The WebApp is tested by a controlled and monitored population of end-users
The results of their interaction with the system are evaluated for content and
navigation errors, usability concerns, compatibility concerns, and WebApp reliability
and performance.
24. 6. THE TESTING PROCESS:
Content testing has three important objectives:
To uncover syntactic errors (e.g., typos, grammar mistakes) in text-based documents,
graphical representations, and other media
To uncover semantic errors (i.e., errors in the accuracy or completeness of
information) in any content object presented as navigation occurs, and
To find errors in the organization or structure of content that is presented to the end-
user.
For content testing, the testing will be done manually by all the team members by
thoroughly going through all the content of the web-app.
Interface
design
Aesthetic design
Content design
Navigation design
Architecture design
Component design
user
technology
Cont ent
Test ing
Int erf ace
Test ing
Component
Test ing
Navigat ion
Test ing
Perf ormance
Test ing
Conf igurat ion
Test ing
Securit y
Test ing
25. 7. DATABASE TESTING:
Tool for Database testing:
SQL Test
SQL Test uses open-source tSQLt framework, views, stored procedures and functions
This tool stores database object in separate schema and if changes occur there no
need for clean-up process
Allows to run unit tests for SQL Server databases
client layer - user int erface
server layer - WebApp
server layer - dat a t ransformat ion
dat abase layer - dat a access
server layer - dat a management
dat abase
HTML scripts
user data SQL
user data
SQLraw data
Tests are defined
for each layer
26. 8. USER INTERFACE TESTING:
Interface features are tested to ensure that design rules, aesthetics, and related
visual content is available for the user without error.
Individual interface mechanisms are tested in a manner that is analogous to unit
testing.
Each interface mechanism is tested within the context of a use-case or NSU for a
specific user category.
The complete interface is tested against selected use-cases and NSUs to uncover
errors in the semantics of the interface.
The interface is tested within a variety of environments (e.g., browsers) to ensure
that it will be compatible.
9. Testing Interface Mechanisms:
Links: All the links in the web app will be tested that they are all functional and
accurate.
Forms: The forms on various webpages of the webapp will be tested by giving sample
data and submitting the form.
Cookies: We are not using cookies for our Time Table Generation webapp, so there is
no need for testing for cookies.
Dynamic HTML: testing leads to content objects that are manipulated on the client
side using scripting or cascading style sheets (CSS).
27. Flow chart, flow graph, Cyclomatic complexity, Basis paths and test cases
start
Enter number of
teachers and number
of classes
Teacher details panel
Class Section
View history
Enter time slots
Generate
suitable time-
tables?
No Yes
Print time table
End
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