Types of Software Maintenance, Re-Engineering, Reverse Engineering, Forward Engineering, The SCM Process, Identification of Objects in the Software Configuration, Version
Control and Change Control
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM). SCM is an umbrella activity that manages changes to software deliverables throughout the development process. It identifies work products that may change, establishes relationships between them, defines version control mechanisms, controls changes, and audits and reports on changes made. The key aspects of SCM covered are baselines, the SCM process, software configuration items, version control, change control, configuration auditing, and status reporting.
A Brief Introduction to Software Configuration ManagementMd Mamunur Rashid
Configuration management (CM) is the process of identifying, organizing, and controlling software changes. It aims to minimize confusion and maximize productivity by minimizing mistakes during software development. CM manages changes throughout the development process by identifying work products, establishing change control processes, and generating reports. It is important for project success and controlling quality, as uncontrolled changes can delay delivery. CM involves activities like identifying changes, controlling changes, and reporting changes. It utilizes tools like version control systems and bug trackers.
The document discusses project planning in software engineering. It defines project planning and its importance. It describes the project manager's responsibilities which include project planning, reporting, risk management, and people management. It discusses challenges in software project planning. The RUP process for project planning is then outlined which involves creating artifacts like the business case and software development plan. Risk management is also a key part of project planning.
This document discusses software configuration management (SCM). SCM is a set of activities that manage changes to software throughout its lifecycle. It involves identifying items to change, defining relationships between items, and controlling changes. The SCM process includes identifying configuration items, change control, version control, auditing, and reporting. A configuration manager plans the SCM process and oversees configuration control, auditing, and reporting. Popular SCM tools include Visual Source Safe, Concurrent Versions System, Subversion, ClearCase, and Team Foundation Server.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as modifying software after delivery to correct faults, improve performance, or change attributes. The document then discusses reasons for maintenance like changing requirements or fixing errors. It outlines different maintenance types including corrective, adaptive, perfective and preventive maintenance. The document also examines maintenance models such as quick-fix, iterative enhancement, full-reuse, Boehm's model and Taute's model.
The document discusses configuration management for software engineering projects. It covers topics such as configuration management planning, change management, version and release management, and the use of CASE tools to support configuration management. Configuration management aims to manage changes to software products and control system evolution through activities like change control, version control, and configuration auditing.
The document discusses different types of software metrics that can be used to measure various aspects of software development. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process, while product metrics measure attributes of the software product. Project metrics are used to monitor and control software projects. Metrics need to be normalized to allow for comparison between different projects or teams. This can be done using size-oriented metrics that relate measures to the size of the software, or function-oriented metrics that relate measures to the functionality delivered.
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM). SCM is an umbrella activity that manages changes to software deliverables throughout the development process. It identifies work products that may change, establishes relationships between them, defines version control mechanisms, controls changes, and audits and reports on changes made. The key aspects of SCM covered are baselines, the SCM process, software configuration items, version control, change control, configuration auditing, and status reporting.
A Brief Introduction to Software Configuration ManagementMd Mamunur Rashid
Configuration management (CM) is the process of identifying, organizing, and controlling software changes. It aims to minimize confusion and maximize productivity by minimizing mistakes during software development. CM manages changes throughout the development process by identifying work products, establishing change control processes, and generating reports. It is important for project success and controlling quality, as uncontrolled changes can delay delivery. CM involves activities like identifying changes, controlling changes, and reporting changes. It utilizes tools like version control systems and bug trackers.
The document discusses project planning in software engineering. It defines project planning and its importance. It describes the project manager's responsibilities which include project planning, reporting, risk management, and people management. It discusses challenges in software project planning. The RUP process for project planning is then outlined which involves creating artifacts like the business case and software development plan. Risk management is also a key part of project planning.
This document discusses software configuration management (SCM). SCM is a set of activities that manage changes to software throughout its lifecycle. It involves identifying items to change, defining relationships between items, and controlling changes. The SCM process includes identifying configuration items, change control, version control, auditing, and reporting. A configuration manager plans the SCM process and oversees configuration control, auditing, and reporting. Popular SCM tools include Visual Source Safe, Concurrent Versions System, Subversion, ClearCase, and Team Foundation Server.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as modifying software after delivery to correct faults, improve performance, or change attributes. The document then discusses reasons for maintenance like changing requirements or fixing errors. It outlines different maintenance types including corrective, adaptive, perfective and preventive maintenance. The document also examines maintenance models such as quick-fix, iterative enhancement, full-reuse, Boehm's model and Taute's model.
The document discusses configuration management for software engineering projects. It covers topics such as configuration management planning, change management, version and release management, and the use of CASE tools to support configuration management. Configuration management aims to manage changes to software products and control system evolution through activities like change control, version control, and configuration auditing.
The document discusses different types of software metrics that can be used to measure various aspects of software development. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process, while product metrics measure attributes of the software product. Project metrics are used to monitor and control software projects. Metrics need to be normalized to allow for comparison between different projects or teams. This can be done using size-oriented metrics that relate measures to the size of the software, or function-oriented metrics that relate measures to the functionality delivered.
The document summarizes several models for software evolution and maintenance. It describes the reuse-oriented model which includes the quick fix, iterative enhancement, and full reuse models. It also outlines the staged model and change mini-cycle model for the software maintenance life cycle. Finally, it discusses software maintenance standards from IEEE and ISO, including the seven phase and iterative maintenance processes.
The document describes the prototype model of software development. It involves initially developing a limited working model of the software (prototype) to get early customer feedback. The prototype captures some key functions but not the full system. Based on customer feedback, the prototype is refined in iterations until the customer is satisfied. The prototype model is useful when requirements are unclear or the system requires significant user interaction. It allows errors to be found and requirements to be refined early. However, it can be time consuming and lead to changing requirements.
This document provides an overview of software maintenance. It discusses that software maintenance is an important phase of the software life cycle that accounts for 40-70% of total costs. Maintenance includes error correction, enhancements, deletions of obsolete capabilities, and optimizations. The document categorizes maintenance into corrective, adaptive, perfective and preventive types. It also discusses the need for maintenance to adapt to changing user requirements and environments. The document describes approaches to software maintenance including program understanding, generating maintenance proposals, accounting for ripple effects, and modified program testing. It discusses challenges like lack of documentation and high staff turnover. The document also introduces concepts of reengineering and reverse engineering to make legacy systems more maintainable.
The document discusses various aspects of the software process including software process models, generic process models like waterfall model and evolutionary development, process iteration, and system requirements specification. It provides details on each topic with definitions, characteristics, advantages and diagrams. The key steps in software process are specified as software specifications, design and implementation, validation, and evolution. Generic process models and specific models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and incremental delivery are explained.
Agile development focuses on effective communication, customer collaboration, and incremental delivery of working software. The key principles of agile development according to the Agile Alliance include satisfying customers, welcoming changing requirements, frequent delivery, collaboration between business and development teams, and self-organizing teams. Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile process model that emphasizes planning with user stories, simple design, pair programming, unit testing, and frequent integration and testing.
The document discusses software process models which define a structured set of activities for developing software systems. These activities typically include specification, design & implementation, validation, and evolution. Process models provide organization and stability to software development. They define the approach taken and include activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. Process models can have different flows like linear, iterative, or evolutionary and can address problems at different levels of abstraction through patterns. Process assessment methods help ensure processes meet criteria for successful software engineering.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines maintenance as modifying software after delivery to fix bugs, improve performance, or adapt to changes. Approximately 70% of software costs are for maintenance. Maintainability refers to how easy software is to correct, adapt, or enhance. Common maintenance types are corrective, adaptive, and perfective. Proper documentation and design are important to reduce maintenance costs and issues like degraded structure over time.
Software Project Management (monitoring and control)IsrarDewan
Monitoring and Controlling are processes needed to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project. It also identifies any areas where changes to the project management method are required and initiates the required changes.
This document discusses software maintenance and metrics used to measure software complexity. It notes that maintenance makes up 70% of a software's lifecycle costs. Common maintenance activities include enhancements, adaptations, and corrections. Two important source code metrics discussed are Halstead's effort equation and McCabe's cyclomatic complexity, which measure properties of source code like tokens and control flow to evaluate complexity. Maintaining complexity metrics is important during software evolution and maintenance.
This document discusses software configuration management (SCM). It provides definitions of SCM from sources like IEEE standards and the SWEBOK. SCM is defined as the process of managing changes to software projects through their lifecycle. Key aspects of SCM discussed include configuration items, versions and variants, baselines, change requests, SCM tools, and the unified change management process.
A software process provides stability, control, and organization for software development. It consists of a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. Key elements include framework activities like planning, modeling, requirements analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. The specific tasks and level of rigor for each activity may vary based on the project. Process assessment ensures the process meets criteria for successful software engineering. The primary goal of any process is high-quality software delivered on time through reduced rework.
This document provides an overview of Extreme Programming (XP), an agile software development methodology. It discusses XP's history and features, which include short 2-week development cycles, pair programming, test-driven development, and frequent refactoring. The core principles of XP are also examined, such as incremental planning, small releases, simple design, and sustainable pace. Various phases of the XP process are outlined, from exploration to productionizing. Requirements are captured as scenarios and prioritized by the customer. Automated testing is a key practice in XP. Both advantages like collective code ownership and disadvantages like its unsuitability for large projects are noted.
Evolutionary process models allow developers to iteratively create increasingly complete versions of software. Examples include the prototyping paradigm, spiral model, and concurrent development model. The prototyping paradigm uses prototypes to elicit requirements from customers. The spiral model couples iterative prototyping with controlled development, dividing the project into framework activities. The concurrent development model concurrently develops components with defined interfaces to enable integration. These evolutionary models allow flexibility and accommodate changes but require strong communication and updated requirements.
Function point analysis is a method of estimating the size of a software or system by counting the number of inputs, outputs, inquiries, internal logical files and external interface files. It was introduced in 1979 as an alternative to simply counting lines of code. Function point analysis measures the software based on end user requirements rather than implementation details. It provides a consistent way to measure software across different projects, organizations and programming languages. The document provides an overview of function point analysis including its history, why it is needed, how it works and how it is used to estimate sizes of major software applications.
Process Improvement in Software Engineering SE25koolkampus
The document discusses software process improvement. It explains the principles of process improvement and introduces the SEI Capability Maturity Model. It discusses process analysis, modeling, measurement, and classification. It addresses the applicability and limitations of the SEI model and different process choices based on factors like project size.
The document discusses concepts related to software reliability. It describes how software reliability is modeled using a "bathtub curve" with two phases - an initial high failure rate period and a useful life period with an approximately constant failure rate. The document defines software reliability and discusses factors that influence it like faults in the software and the execution environment. It also outlines various ways of characterizing software failures over time and presents models of failure probability distributions. Finally, it discusses uses of reliability studies and defines software quality in terms of attributes like reliability, correctness and maintainability.
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
Software metrics can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. There are direct metrics that immediately measure attributes like lines of code and defects, and indirect metrics that measure less tangible aspects like functionality and reliability. Metrics are classified as product metrics, which measure attributes of the software product, and process metrics, which measure the software development process. Project metrics are used tactically within a project to track status, risks, and quality, while process metrics are used strategically for long-term process improvement. Common software quality attributes that can be measured include correctness, maintainability, integrity, and usability.
Introduction To Software Configuration ManagementRajesh Kumar
Configuration management (CM) is a field of management that focuses on establishing and maintaining consistency of a system's or product's performance and its functional and physical attributes with its requirements, design, and operational information throughout its life.[1] For information assurance, CM can be defined as the management of security features and assurances through control of changes made to hardware, software, firmware, documentation, test, test fixtures, and test documentation throughout the life cycle of an information system.
The document discusses software configuration management (SCM), which involves identifying, controlling, and tracking changes made to software deliverables throughout development. SCM aims to maximize productivity by minimizing mistakes from changes. Key SCM activities include identifying configuration items, controlling changes through a change control board, managing different versions, and auditing configurations. The SCM process centers around an automated repository that stores configuration items and their relationships to support tasks like change management and version control.
The document discusses software configuration management (SCM). It defines SCM as identifying, organizing, and controlling modifications to software being built by a programming team, with the goal of maximizing productivity by minimizing mistakes. SCM involves activities to identify, control, and track changes throughout the software development process. An important part of SCM is the repository, which stores software configuration items and allows developers to manage changes effectively.
The document summarizes several models for software evolution and maintenance. It describes the reuse-oriented model which includes the quick fix, iterative enhancement, and full reuse models. It also outlines the staged model and change mini-cycle model for the software maintenance life cycle. Finally, it discusses software maintenance standards from IEEE and ISO, including the seven phase and iterative maintenance processes.
The document describes the prototype model of software development. It involves initially developing a limited working model of the software (prototype) to get early customer feedback. The prototype captures some key functions but not the full system. Based on customer feedback, the prototype is refined in iterations until the customer is satisfied. The prototype model is useful when requirements are unclear or the system requires significant user interaction. It allows errors to be found and requirements to be refined early. However, it can be time consuming and lead to changing requirements.
This document provides an overview of software maintenance. It discusses that software maintenance is an important phase of the software life cycle that accounts for 40-70% of total costs. Maintenance includes error correction, enhancements, deletions of obsolete capabilities, and optimizations. The document categorizes maintenance into corrective, adaptive, perfective and preventive types. It also discusses the need for maintenance to adapt to changing user requirements and environments. The document describes approaches to software maintenance including program understanding, generating maintenance proposals, accounting for ripple effects, and modified program testing. It discusses challenges like lack of documentation and high staff turnover. The document also introduces concepts of reengineering and reverse engineering to make legacy systems more maintainable.
The document discusses various aspects of the software process including software process models, generic process models like waterfall model and evolutionary development, process iteration, and system requirements specification. It provides details on each topic with definitions, characteristics, advantages and diagrams. The key steps in software process are specified as software specifications, design and implementation, validation, and evolution. Generic process models and specific models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and incremental delivery are explained.
Agile development focuses on effective communication, customer collaboration, and incremental delivery of working software. The key principles of agile development according to the Agile Alliance include satisfying customers, welcoming changing requirements, frequent delivery, collaboration between business and development teams, and self-organizing teams. Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile process model that emphasizes planning with user stories, simple design, pair programming, unit testing, and frequent integration and testing.
The document discusses software process models which define a structured set of activities for developing software systems. These activities typically include specification, design & implementation, validation, and evolution. Process models provide organization and stability to software development. They define the approach taken and include activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. Process models can have different flows like linear, iterative, or evolutionary and can address problems at different levels of abstraction through patterns. Process assessment methods help ensure processes meet criteria for successful software engineering.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines maintenance as modifying software after delivery to fix bugs, improve performance, or adapt to changes. Approximately 70% of software costs are for maintenance. Maintainability refers to how easy software is to correct, adapt, or enhance. Common maintenance types are corrective, adaptive, and perfective. Proper documentation and design are important to reduce maintenance costs and issues like degraded structure over time.
Software Project Management (monitoring and control)IsrarDewan
Monitoring and Controlling are processes needed to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project. It also identifies any areas where changes to the project management method are required and initiates the required changes.
This document discusses software maintenance and metrics used to measure software complexity. It notes that maintenance makes up 70% of a software's lifecycle costs. Common maintenance activities include enhancements, adaptations, and corrections. Two important source code metrics discussed are Halstead's effort equation and McCabe's cyclomatic complexity, which measure properties of source code like tokens and control flow to evaluate complexity. Maintaining complexity metrics is important during software evolution and maintenance.
This document discusses software configuration management (SCM). It provides definitions of SCM from sources like IEEE standards and the SWEBOK. SCM is defined as the process of managing changes to software projects through their lifecycle. Key aspects of SCM discussed include configuration items, versions and variants, baselines, change requests, SCM tools, and the unified change management process.
A software process provides stability, control, and organization for software development. It consists of a series of predictable steps that lead to a timely, high-quality product. Key elements include framework activities like planning, modeling, requirements analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. The specific tasks and level of rigor for each activity may vary based on the project. Process assessment ensures the process meets criteria for successful software engineering. The primary goal of any process is high-quality software delivered on time through reduced rework.
This document provides an overview of Extreme Programming (XP), an agile software development methodology. It discusses XP's history and features, which include short 2-week development cycles, pair programming, test-driven development, and frequent refactoring. The core principles of XP are also examined, such as incremental planning, small releases, simple design, and sustainable pace. Various phases of the XP process are outlined, from exploration to productionizing. Requirements are captured as scenarios and prioritized by the customer. Automated testing is a key practice in XP. Both advantages like collective code ownership and disadvantages like its unsuitability for large projects are noted.
Evolutionary process models allow developers to iteratively create increasingly complete versions of software. Examples include the prototyping paradigm, spiral model, and concurrent development model. The prototyping paradigm uses prototypes to elicit requirements from customers. The spiral model couples iterative prototyping with controlled development, dividing the project into framework activities. The concurrent development model concurrently develops components with defined interfaces to enable integration. These evolutionary models allow flexibility and accommodate changes but require strong communication and updated requirements.
Function point analysis is a method of estimating the size of a software or system by counting the number of inputs, outputs, inquiries, internal logical files and external interface files. It was introduced in 1979 as an alternative to simply counting lines of code. Function point analysis measures the software based on end user requirements rather than implementation details. It provides a consistent way to measure software across different projects, organizations and programming languages. The document provides an overview of function point analysis including its history, why it is needed, how it works and how it is used to estimate sizes of major software applications.
Process Improvement in Software Engineering SE25koolkampus
The document discusses software process improvement. It explains the principles of process improvement and introduces the SEI Capability Maturity Model. It discusses process analysis, modeling, measurement, and classification. It addresses the applicability and limitations of the SEI model and different process choices based on factors like project size.
The document discusses concepts related to software reliability. It describes how software reliability is modeled using a "bathtub curve" with two phases - an initial high failure rate period and a useful life period with an approximately constant failure rate. The document defines software reliability and discusses factors that influence it like faults in the software and the execution environment. It also outlines various ways of characterizing software failures over time and presents models of failure probability distributions. Finally, it discusses uses of reliability studies and defines software quality in terms of attributes like reliability, correctness and maintainability.
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
Software metrics can be used to measure various attributes of software products and processes. There are direct metrics that immediately measure attributes like lines of code and defects, and indirect metrics that measure less tangible aspects like functionality and reliability. Metrics are classified as product metrics, which measure attributes of the software product, and process metrics, which measure the software development process. Project metrics are used tactically within a project to track status, risks, and quality, while process metrics are used strategically for long-term process improvement. Common software quality attributes that can be measured include correctness, maintainability, integrity, and usability.
Introduction To Software Configuration ManagementRajesh Kumar
Configuration management (CM) is a field of management that focuses on establishing and maintaining consistency of a system's or product's performance and its functional and physical attributes with its requirements, design, and operational information throughout its life.[1] For information assurance, CM can be defined as the management of security features and assurances through control of changes made to hardware, software, firmware, documentation, test, test fixtures, and test documentation throughout the life cycle of an information system.
The document discusses software configuration management (SCM), which involves identifying, controlling, and tracking changes made to software deliverables throughout development. SCM aims to maximize productivity by minimizing mistakes from changes. Key SCM activities include identifying configuration items, controlling changes through a change control board, managing different versions, and auditing configurations. The SCM process centers around an automated repository that stores configuration items and their relationships to support tasks like change management and version control.
The document discusses software configuration management (SCM). It defines SCM as identifying, organizing, and controlling modifications to software being built by a programming team, with the goal of maximizing productivity by minimizing mistakes. SCM involves activities to identify, control, and track changes throughout the software development process. An important part of SCM is the repository, which stores software configuration items and allows developers to manage changes effectively.
1. Software configuration management is concerned with tracking and controlling changes to software work products throughout the development and maintenance lifecycles.
2. It involves identifying work products under configuration control, implementing a change control process to authorize changes, and using configuration management tools to track revisions, versions, and variants of work products.
3. The goals of configuration management include preventing unauthorized changes, coordinating changes across variants, and accurately determining the current project status.
In software engineering, software configuration management (SCM or S/W CM) is the task of tracking and controlling changes in the software, part of the larger cross-disciplinary field of configuration management. SCM practices include revision control and the establishment of baselines.
This Presentation explains the SCM Process.
Software configuration management (SCM) involves identifying and controlling changes to software components, and maintaining the integrity and traceability of changes throughout the software development life cycle. Key aspects of SCM include change control processes, version control, configuration auditing, and reporting. SCM helps manage the inevitable changes to software by establishing procedures for approving changes, checking components in and out for modification, testing and auditing changes, and communicating changes to relevant stakeholders.
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM). It defines SCM as a way to manage evolving software by controlling changes to configuration items. The key activities of SCM include identifying configuration items, establishing baselines, controlling changes through a change management process, and auditing changes. Roles in SCM include developers who implement changes and a configuration management team that manages the SCM process.
Software systems require ongoing maintenance to remain useful as their environments change. There are four main types of maintenance: corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventative. Configuration management is important for tracking changes made during maintenance to ensure quality. It involves identifying software components, controlling different versions, approving changes, auditing changes, and reporting on changes. Maintaining software can be challenging due to various technical and organizational factors.
This document discusses software configuration management (SCM). It defines SCM as coordinating software development to minimize confusion from changes. The key goals of SCM are to maximize productivity by minimizing mistakes through analyzing, recording, reporting, and controlling changes. SCM provides visibility, traceability, and formal control over a software configuration and the evolution of the software. The document outlines the main functions of SCM, including identification, control, auditing, and status reporting of software configuration items and changes. It also discusses sources of change, baselines, issues to consider, and standards for SCM.
This document provides an overview of software configuration management (SCM) concepts and definitions. It discusses SCM as the discipline for systematically controlling changes to software systems throughout the software life cycle. The key activities of SCM are identified as configuration identification, configuration change control, configuration status accounting, and configuration auditing. Baselines, configuration items, and the importance of SCM are also summarized.
Configuration management involves managing changes to software systems. It aims to control the costs and effort of system changes. Key CM activities include planning, change management, version management, and system building. CASE tools can support CM processes by managing configuration data, tracking changes and versions, and automating system building. Effective CM relies on document naming schemes, version identification standards, and processes for changes, releases, and daily builds.
A detail review of configuration and change management. This lecture provides details about how to manage different software versions of same software in a market with different customers clients and different set of functionalities.
The document discusses software configuration management. It defines configuration management as activities that manage changes throughout the software life cycle. The key goals are to systematically control changes to the configuration and maintain integrity and traceability. Important concepts discussed include software configuration items, baselines, version control, change control processes, and content management for web applications. Secure coding practices are also summarized to develop software that is protected against security vulnerabilities.
The document discusses software configuration management. It defines configuration management as activities that manage change throughout the software life cycle. The key goals are to systematically control changes to the configuration and maintain integrity and traceability. Important concepts discussed include software configuration items, baselines, version control, change control processes, auditing and the configuration management repository.
1. The document discusses software processes and models including plan-driven and agile processes. It describes common process activities like specification, design, implementation, validation, and evolution.
2. Specific process models are examined, including the waterfall model, incremental development, and reuse-oriented processes. The waterfall model involves separate sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities.
3. Process descriptions cover products, roles, and pre/post conditions. Activities include requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and system evolution to handle changing needs.
SE2_Lec 22_Software Configuration ManagementAmr E. Mohamed
The document discusses software configuration management. It defines key terms like configuration item, version, revision, and baseline. It describes the main functions of configuration management as configuration identification, configuration control, configuration audits, and configuration status accounting. Configuration management is used to identify and track changes to software components, control access to components, and help integrate product parts.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering processes. It discusses that a software process involves a series of defined activities that lead to the development of a software product. The key activities include specification, design, validation, and evolution. It also describes the requirements engineering process, software design process, programming and debugging, validation through testing, and evolution of software systems.
Software configuration management is important for controlling changes, monitoring versions, and maintaining traceability during software development. It involves identifying configuration items, controlling releases and changes, recording status, and auditing products. Key aspects include defining baselines, establishing a configuration control board to approve changes, using version control and change control processes, and managing baselines and workspaces. Tools and training are needed to implement configuration management practices.
The document discusses configuration management and software configuration management (SCM) concepts. It defines key SCM terms like baseline, software configuration item, and configuration. It describes the SCM process which includes identification, version control, change control, configuration auditing, and status reporting. Challenges of SCM in component-based software development are also covered. Effective SCM is important for software projects to manage changes and maintain integrity across software versions and releases.
Software coding & testing, software engineeringRupesh Vaishnav
Coding Standard and coding Guidelines, Code Review, Software Documentation, Testing Strategies, Testing Techniques and Test Case, Test Suites Design, Testing Conventional
Applications, Testing Object Oriented Applications, Testing Web and Mobile Applications, Testing Tools (Win runner, Load runner).
Requirement analysis and specification, software engineeringRupesh Vaishnav
The document discusses the key tasks in requirements engineering including inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation and management. It describes each task such as inception involves establishing a basic understanding of the problem and potential solutions through questioning stakeholders. Elicitation involves drawing requirements from stakeholders through techniques like meetings. Specification can take the form of documents, models, scenarios or prototypes. The requirements specification is an important output and should have certain characteristics like being unambiguous and traceable.
Software Process Models, The Linear Sequential Model, The Prototyping Model, The RAD Model, Evolutionary Process Models, Agile Process Model, Component-Based Development, Process, Product and Process.
The document discusses software process models. It describes the waterfall model, which is a generic process framework for software engineering that defines five framework activities: communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also discusses umbrella activities that are applied throughout the process, such as project tracking and control. The waterfall model prescribes distinct activities, actions, tasks, milestones, and work products for software development. However, process models need to be adapted to meet the needs of specific projects.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
2. Types of Maintenance
•Corrective Maintenance (21%)
• making changes to repair defects
•Adaptive Maintenance (25%)
• making changes to adapt software to external environment
changes (hardware, business rules, OS, etc.)
•Perfective Maintenance (50%)
• extending system beyond its original functional requirements
•Preventative Maintenance (4%)
• modifying work products so that they are more easily corrected,
adapted, or enhanced
3. Maintenance Costs
•Usually greater than the development costs (2
to 10 times as much in some cases)
•Affected by both technical and non-technical
factors
•Increase as software is maintained and system
corruption is introduced
•Aging software can have high support costs (e.g.
old languages, compilers, etc.)
4. Maintenance Developer Tasks
• Understand system.
• Locate information in documentation.
• Keep system documentation up to date.
• Extend existing functions.
• Add new functions.
• Find sources of errors.
• Correct system errors.
• Answer operations questions.
• Restructure design and code.
• Delete obsolete design and code.
• Manage changes.
5. Maintenance Cost Factors
•Staff turnover
• no turnover usually means lower maintenance costs
•Contractual responsibility
• developers may have no contractual obligation to maintain the
delivered system and no incentive to design for future change
•Staff skills
• maintenance staff are often inexperienced and have limited
domain knowledge
•Program age and structure
• as programs age their structure deteriorates, they become harder
to understand and change
6. Maintenance Prediction
•Concerned with determining which parts of the
system may cause problems and have high
maintenance costs
•Change acceptance depends on the
maintainability of the components affected by the
change
•Implementing changes degrade system and
reduces its maintainability
•Maintenance costs depends on number of
changes
7. Configuration Management
•Software changes are inevitable
•One goal of software engineering is to improve how easy
it is to change software
•Configuration management is all about change control.
•Every software engineer has to be concerned with how
changes made to work products are tracked and
propagated throughout a project.
•To ensure quality is maintained the change process must
be audited.
8. Configuration Management
Definition:
The set of activities that have been developed to
manage change throughout the software life
cycle.
Purpose:
Systematically control changes to the
configuration and maintain the integrity and
traceability of the configuration throughout the
system’s life cycle.
9. Purpose of CM
• Identify Change
• Control Change
• Ensure Change is Properly Implemented
• Report Changes to All the people who need to
Know
10. Baseline
•Definition: Specification or product that
• has been formally reviewed and agreed upon,
• serves as the basis for further development, and
• can be changed only through formal change control procedures.
•Signals a point of departure from one activity to the start
of another activity.
•Helps control change without impeding justifiable change.
11. Project Baseline
•Central repository of reviewed and approved
artifacts that represent a given stable point
in overall system development.
•Shared DB for project and kept in consistent
state.
•Policies allow the team to achieve consistent
state and manage the project.
12. Software Configuration Item (SCI)
•Definition: Information that is created as part of the
software engineering process.
•Examples:
•Software Project Plan
•Software Requirements Specification
• Models, Prototypes, Requirements
•Design document
• Protocols, Hierarchy Graphs
•Source code
• Modules
•Test suite
•Software tools (e.g., compilers)
13. Elements of SCM
There are four elements of SCM:
1. Software Configuration Identification
2. Software Configuration Control
3. Software Configuration Auditing
4. Software Configuration Status Accounting
15. Identification Task
• Identification separately names each CSCI and then organizes it in
the SCM repository using an object-oriented approach
• Objects start out as basic objects and are then grouped into
aggregate objects
• Each object has a set of distinct features that identify it
• A name that is unambiguous to all other objects
• A description that contains the CSCI type, a project identifier,
and change and/or version information
• List of resources needed by the object
• The object realization (i.e., the document, the file, the model,
etc.)
16. Change Control Task
• Change control is a procedural activity that ensures quality and consistency as
changes are made to a configuration object
• A change request is submitted to a configuration control authority, which is usually a
change control board (CCB)
• The request is evaluated for technical merit, potential side effects, overall impact on other
configuration objects and system functions, and projected cost in terms of money, time, and
resources
• An engineering change order (ECO) is issued for each approved change request
• Describes the change to be made, the constraints to follow, and the criteria for review and
audit
• The baselined CSCI is obtained from the SCM repository
• Access control governs which software engineers have the authority to access and modify a
particular configuration object
• Synchronization control helps to ensure that parallel changes performed by two different
people don't overwrite one another
17. Version Control Task
• Version control is a set of procedures and tools for managing the
creation and use of multiple occurrences of objects in the SCM
repository
• Required version control capabilities
• An SCM repository that stores all relevant configuration objects
• A version management capability that stores all versions of a configuration
object (or enables any version to be constructed using differences from past
versions)
• A make facility that enables the software engineer to collect all relevant
configuration objects and construct a specific version of the software
• Issues tracking (bug tracking) capability that enables the team to record and
track the status of all outstanding issues associated with each configuration
object
• The SCM repository maintains a change set
• Serves as a collection of all changes made to a baseline configuration
• Used to create a specific version of the software
• Captures all changes to all files in the configuration along with the reason for
changes and details of who made the changes and when
18. Configuration Auditing Task
• Configuration auditing is an SQA activity that helps to ensure that quality is
maintained as changes are made
• It complements the formal technical review and is conducted by the SQA group
• It addresses the following questions
• Has a formal technical review been conducted to assess technical correctness?
• Has the software process been followed, and have software engineering standards been
properly applied?
• Has the change been "highlighted" and "documented" in the CSCI? Have the change
data and change author been specified? Do the attributes of the configuration object
reflect the change?
• Have SCM procedures for noting the change, recording it, and reporting it been
followed?
• Have all related CSCIs been properly updated?
• A configuration audit ensures that
• The correct CSCIs (by version) have been incorporated into a specific build
• That all documentation is up-to-date and consistent with the version that has been built
19. Status Reporting Task
• Configuration status reporting (CSR) is also called status
accounting
• Provides information about each change to those personnel in an
organization with a need to know
• Answers what happened, who did it, when did it happen, and
what else will be affected?
• Sources of entries for configuration status reporting
• Each time a CSCI is assigned new or updated information
• Each time a configuration audit is conducted
• The configuration status report
• Placed in an on-line database or on a website for software developers and
maintainers to read
• Given to management and practitioners to keep them appraised of
important changes to the project CSCIs