This document summarizes research analyzing the response of a segmental bridge subjected to seismic excitation. Key points:
- The designed segmental bridge was 8.8m wide, 2m deep and 31m long with M50 grade concrete.
- The bridge's response was analyzed for different seismic zones in India using various methods like the Indian code IS 1893(Part 1) 2002, force-based design and displacement-based design.
- Results like base shear, bending moment, stress and displacement were calculated and compared for different soil types including rock, gravel and silt/clay.
- Response was also analyzed for actual earthquake occurrences by calculating parameters like earthquake force, time period, frequency, displacement and
IRJET- Review on Study of Behaviour of Seismic Analysis of Floating Colum...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing the behavior of multi-storey buildings with floating columns during seismic activity. 12 building models are analyzed - 6 square buildings and 6 rectangular buildings, with floating columns placed at different floors. Static analysis is performed using SAP2000 software. Results show that buildings with floating columns experience increased storey drift, displacement, and base shear compared to buildings without floating columns. The presence of floating columns, which are more common in modern construction, can negatively impact a building's performance in seismic zones.
IRJET- Seismic Vulnerability of RCC Building under Irregular Configuration in...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic vulnerability of irregularly configured reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in different seismic zones. 3D models of regular, C-shaped, and L-shaped buildings were created and analyzed using ETABS software. The models were subjected to gravity and earthquake loads based on Indian standards and their displacement, drift, and shear responses were compared. The results showed that the L-shaped building generally performed better than the other configurations, with less displacement and drift across zones. The study concluded the L-shaped building is the safest option and most resistant to seismic loads compared to regular and C-shaped buildings.
Effect of Oblique Column and Viscous Damper on Podium Structure Using EtabsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of using oblique columns and viscous dampers on the seismic performance of podium structures using the ETABS software. Five building models are considered - a vertical column building without a podium, an oblique column building without a podium, a vertical column building with a podium, an oblique column building with a podium, and an oblique column building with a podium and damper. Response spectrum analysis and time history analysis are performed on the models. The results show that the oblique column models experience less displacement, drift, and overturning moments compared to the vertical column models, and the model with oblique columns, a podium, and damper performs the best in
IRJET-Analytical Study on Horizontal Irregularities in RCC Structures with La...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analytical study on the effects of adding horizontal X-type bracings to reinforced concrete (RC) structures with irregular shapes (square, L, T, C shapes) under seismic forces. 8 models of a G+9 storey building located in seismic zone V on soft soil were analyzed using ETABS software. The results showed that adding X-bracings reduced time period, storey displacement, and base shear compared to an irregular RC frame without bracings. Additionally, a regular square frame performed better than the irregular frames in most cases. In conclusion, adding X-bracings improved the seismic performance of irregular RC frames by increasing stiffness and reducing displacements.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of RCC Framed Structure(G+5) by using STAAD.Pr...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes the analysis and design of a G+5 residential building using STAAD.Pro and STAAD.etc software.
2. The building is modeled in STAAD.Pro, loads are applied, and the structure is analyzed to obtain shear forces and bending moments. Beams, columns, slabs, and pile caps are then designed using both STAAD.etc and manual calculations.
3. The analysis and design are compared to validate the results and determine the safe and economical design of the building.
IRJET- Analysis of Steel Framed Structure using Steel Bracing System for ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic response of a 5-story steel framed building with different bracing systems using ETABS software. The models are analyzed using equivalent static analysis as per Indian codes. Results show that braced frames have 15-26% higher base shear and storey shear compared to an unbraced frame. Storey drift is also significantly reduced in braced frames, by up to 58% for X-braced frames compared to an unbraced frame. X-bracing provides the best seismic performance with lowest storey drift values. In conclusion, bracing systems improve the stiffness and seismic resistance of steel framed buildings.
Analysis and Design of Commercial Building using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a G+3 commercial building using ETABS software. Soil testing was conducted on the site and the soil properties were determined. A 3D model of the building was created in ETABS with defined material properties and loads. Structural analysis was performed to determine member forces and deflections. The beams, columns, slab, and footing were then designed according to IS code provisions and reinforced detailing was generated. The results obtained from ETABS were verified through manual calculations. The software was found to save time in analysis and design compared to manual methods.
IRJET- Collapse Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Structure at different Seismi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the collapse analysis of irregular reinforced concrete flat slab structures in different seismic zones when columns are removed. Finite element software was used to model a 10-story flat slab building and perform linear static analysis. Models were analyzed with and without column removal in seismic zones II through V. Column removal was modeled at an interior corner column, exterior middle column along the Y-axis, and exterior column along the X-axis. Results found that neighboring columns failed when redistributing loads from sudden column loss, with higher demand-capacity ratios and more floors of failures when an interior column was removed compared to exterior columns. This indicates a potential for progressive collapse in zone II when an interior column is lost.
IRJET- Review on Study of Behaviour of Seismic Analysis of Floating Colum...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing the behavior of multi-storey buildings with floating columns during seismic activity. 12 building models are analyzed - 6 square buildings and 6 rectangular buildings, with floating columns placed at different floors. Static analysis is performed using SAP2000 software. Results show that buildings with floating columns experience increased storey drift, displacement, and base shear compared to buildings without floating columns. The presence of floating columns, which are more common in modern construction, can negatively impact a building's performance in seismic zones.
IRJET- Seismic Vulnerability of RCC Building under Irregular Configuration in...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic vulnerability of irregularly configured reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in different seismic zones. 3D models of regular, C-shaped, and L-shaped buildings were created and analyzed using ETABS software. The models were subjected to gravity and earthquake loads based on Indian standards and their displacement, drift, and shear responses were compared. The results showed that the L-shaped building generally performed better than the other configurations, with less displacement and drift across zones. The study concluded the L-shaped building is the safest option and most resistant to seismic loads compared to regular and C-shaped buildings.
Effect of Oblique Column and Viscous Damper on Podium Structure Using EtabsIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of using oblique columns and viscous dampers on the seismic performance of podium structures using the ETABS software. Five building models are considered - a vertical column building without a podium, an oblique column building without a podium, a vertical column building with a podium, an oblique column building with a podium, and an oblique column building with a podium and damper. Response spectrum analysis and time history analysis are performed on the models. The results show that the oblique column models experience less displacement, drift, and overturning moments compared to the vertical column models, and the model with oblique columns, a podium, and damper performs the best in
IRJET-Analytical Study on Horizontal Irregularities in RCC Structures with La...IRJET Journal
This document presents an analytical study on the effects of adding horizontal X-type bracings to reinforced concrete (RC) structures with irregular shapes (square, L, T, C shapes) under seismic forces. 8 models of a G+9 storey building located in seismic zone V on soft soil were analyzed using ETABS software. The results showed that adding X-bracings reduced time period, storey displacement, and base shear compared to an irregular RC frame without bracings. Additionally, a regular square frame performed better than the irregular frames in most cases. In conclusion, adding X-bracings improved the seismic performance of irregular RC frames by increasing stiffness and reducing displacements.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of RCC Framed Structure(G+5) by using STAAD.Pr...IRJET Journal
1. The document describes the analysis and design of a G+5 residential building using STAAD.Pro and STAAD.etc software.
2. The building is modeled in STAAD.Pro, loads are applied, and the structure is analyzed to obtain shear forces and bending moments. Beams, columns, slabs, and pile caps are then designed using both STAAD.etc and manual calculations.
3. The analysis and design are compared to validate the results and determine the safe and economical design of the building.
IRJET- Analysis of Steel Framed Structure using Steel Bracing System for ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic response of a 5-story steel framed building with different bracing systems using ETABS software. The models are analyzed using equivalent static analysis as per Indian codes. Results show that braced frames have 15-26% higher base shear and storey shear compared to an unbraced frame. Storey drift is also significantly reduced in braced frames, by up to 58% for X-braced frames compared to an unbraced frame. X-bracing provides the best seismic performance with lowest storey drift values. In conclusion, bracing systems improve the stiffness and seismic resistance of steel framed buildings.
Analysis and Design of Commercial Building using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a G+3 commercial building using ETABS software. Soil testing was conducted on the site and the soil properties were determined. A 3D model of the building was created in ETABS with defined material properties and loads. Structural analysis was performed to determine member forces and deflections. The beams, columns, slab, and footing were then designed according to IS code provisions and reinforced detailing was generated. The results obtained from ETABS were verified through manual calculations. The software was found to save time in analysis and design compared to manual methods.
IRJET- Collapse Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Structure at different Seismi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the collapse analysis of irregular reinforced concrete flat slab structures in different seismic zones when columns are removed. Finite element software was used to model a 10-story flat slab building and perform linear static analysis. Models were analyzed with and without column removal in seismic zones II through V. Column removal was modeled at an interior corner column, exterior middle column along the Y-axis, and exterior column along the X-axis. Results found that neighboring columns failed when redistributing loads from sudden column loss, with higher demand-capacity ratios and more floors of failures when an interior column was removed compared to exterior columns. This indicates a potential for progressive collapse in zone II when an interior column is lost.
IRJET- Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Building (G+4) using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete residential building (G+4) using ETABS software. Key points include:
- The building is located in Bangalore and designed according to Indian codes. Loads like dead load, live load, wind and seismic loads are considered.
- The structure is analyzed under different load combinations as per code specifications. Beams, columns, slabs and rebar are designed using materials like M25 and M30 concrete and HYSD bars of grades 500 and 550.
- Results of the analysis show maximum bending moments, shear forces, and deflections within permissible limits. Base reactions are summarized to aid in foundation design.
- In conclusion, ET
Performance of RC Frame Structure with Floating Column and Soft Storey in Dif...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a pushover analysis conducted on four reinforced concrete (RC) frame building models to study the effects of a floating column and soft story in different earthquake zones. The models included regular buildings without and with a floating column, and irregular buildings without and with a floating column. The pushover analysis was performed according to Indian standards for earthquake loading. The analysis found that buildings with a floating column experienced higher displacements, drifts, and lower base shears compared to buildings without a floating column. Buildings in Zone V, which has higher seismicity, experienced higher displacements and drifts than those in Zone II. The first story of buildings with a soft story experienced drifts 45-50% greater than
Seismic Analysis of Multi Storied Irregular Building using Flat Slab and Gri...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of multi-story buildings with flat slab and grid slab structures in seismic zones III and V. Finite element software ETABS is used to model T-shaped and L-shaped buildings with 15 stories and both slab systems. Response spectrum analysis is conducted to determine parameters like base shear and storey shear. The results show that grid slab structures experience higher base shear values than equivalent flat slab buildings in both zones. In conclusion, grid slab structures perform poorer seismically compared to flat slab structures for the building geometries and conditions analyzed.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Residential Multistory Building (G+5) by using ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a residential multi-story building (G+5) using ETABS software. The building is designed using AutoCAD and ETABS to analyze stresses in slabs, beams, columns, floors, walls and footings. Load calculations are performed for dead loads, live loads, lateral loads, axial loads, and seismic or wind loads according to Indian codes. The analysis checks stresses and load capacities of the entire structural system, including reinforcement requirements for columns and staircases. Footings are designed based on soil bearing capacity. The results obtained from analyzing the building structure in ETABS are also discussed.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building using Steel Braced FramesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems. The building was modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Time history analysis was performed to evaluate storey drift, displacement, fundamental period, and stiffness for the building with X, V, inverted V bracing and without bracing. The results showed that braced buildings performed better during seismic activity than unbraced. Among the braced systems, X bracing was most effective at reducing responses like storey drift during earthquakes.
Rehabilitation Study of NH34 Kabrai to Maudaha through the 35.00 Km Section L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a rehabilitation study of a 35 km section of NH34 highway between Kabrai and Maudaha in India. The study found rutting, cracking, and other pavement distresses due to heavy traffic volumes and loads. It analyzed existing pavement conditions through test pits, calculated traffic volumes and equivalent single axle loads, and determined the resilient modulus of the subgrade. Using the Asphalt Institute Manual method, it designed a 105 mm overlay consisting of a 50 mm leveling layer and 55 mm surface course to rehabilitate the pavement for the expected traffic loads over a 15-year design life. The rehabilitation was expected to increase the operational speed and level of service of the highway section.
PLANNING AND DESIGN OF G+3 RESIDENTIAL HOUSING COMPLEX (Share By Suman Sau)Suman Sau
The document outlines the planning and design of a G+3 residential housing complex project. It discusses the objectives of designing a 17 unit apartment building with 3 stories using RCC framing. It describes the key elements of the complex like residential buildings, roads, school, and amenities. It also discusses the software used like AutoCAD and STAAD Pro, the methodology of selecting the site, creating master plans and designs, and analyzing the structure. Load cases, design of beams, columns, and slabs are also summarized.
IRJET- Securing an IoT Based Home using Digital Image Processing and an Andro...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of bracing patterns on an L-shaped reinforced concrete tall building under wind loads. Four 40-story L-shaped building models with different bracing configurations - ordinary moment frame, X bracing, V bracing, and inverted V bracing - were analyzed using STAAD.Pro software. The inverted V braced model had the lowest displacements and was the most structurally stable, while the ordinary moment frame model had the highest displacements and was the least stable. Increasing bracing improved building stability and reduced displacements, bending moments, and shear forces. Therefore, inverted V and V bracing patterns provided better performance for L-shaped tall buildings under wind loads compared to X bra
Design and comparison of a residential building (g+10) for seismic forces usi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Earthquakes take a huge toll on life and property. Since the effect of seismic forces on structures is quite significant, it is important that the design of the structures must be done in the best possible way to take into account these effects and thereby aiming for an adequate structural response. Different international seismic codes differ significantly in parameters specified. With the variations in parameters the performance of the building varies. Hence, it is necessary to do a comparative study so as to conclude which building will perform better. This paper presents with the analysis and design of a G+10 for seismic forces using four international building standards- IS1893, Euro code 8, ASCE7-10 and the British Codes. The analysis of the building was done using STAAD.Pro.V8i. The building was then designed as per the specified codes. Once the design was completed a pushover analysis was done in SAP2000 to check the seismic performance of the building. A comparative study between the design and the seismic performance of the building was done. Keywords: Seismic forces, Seismic Standard, Seismic performance, Comparative Analysis.
Seismic Analysis of Multistory Building with and without Floating ColumnIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study comparing the seismic analysis of a 5-story building with and without floating columns. Model 1 is a normal building without floating columns and serves as the baseline. Model 2 has interior columns removed at the ground floor, creating floating columns, but fails structural analysis. Model 3 modifies Model 2 by increasing beam and column sizes to make it structurally sound. Analysis found Model 3 had lower displacements than Model 1 under seismic loads, but required 44% more steel and 22% more concrete, making it uneconomical compared to the normal building structure. The conclusion is that floating column buildings should be avoided due to increased construction costs and improved seismic performance can be obtained through other techniques than floating columns.
IRJET- Parametrical Study of Different Shapes of Shear Wall in High Rise Symm...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of different shaped shear walls (I, T, U, and Z shapes) in high-rise symmetrical buildings under seismic loading. A 20-story building model was created in ETABS with the total concrete volume kept similar for each shear wall shape. Dynamic analysis was performed considering seismic zones III and V with soil types I and III. Results for time period, story drift, story shear, and story displacement were compared for each model. The analysis showed that I-shaped walls performed best in the x-direction while U-shaped walls were best in the y-direction. Thinner walls with larger flanges (model 2) generally had better performance than other designs. T-shaped walls saw higher
Wind Analysis and Design of G+11 Storied Building using STAAD-ProIRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing wind loads on a G+11 storied reinforced concrete building using STAAD-Pro software. A 3D model of the building was created in STAAD-Pro based on specified dimensions and material properties. Wind loads were estimated according to Indian code IS 875 (Part 3)-1987, taking into account basic wind speed, zone factor, and height factor. Static analysis was performed considering dead load, live load, and wind load. Results found that deflection and forces increased with height and were highest under wind load in the x-direction. The study concluded wind loads are more critical for tall structures and designs should consider loads in both directions to determine critical forces.
IRJET- Comparative Study of R.C.C and Steel (G+4 Storey) BuildingIRJET Journal
This document compares the structural analysis of a G+4 reinforced concrete (RC) building and steel building using STAAD Pro software. Key results include:
1) The steel building showed lower maximum displacements than the RC building, indicating it is stiffer.
2) The RC building had higher maximum bending moments and shear forces than the steel building, meaning greater internal forces were induced in the RC structure from loads.
3) Both buildings met code requirements for storey drift, though drift was lower in the steel building, further suggesting it is more rigid than the RC equivalent.
IRJET- Seismic Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Building with Friction DampersIRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings with and without friction dampers through equivalent static, response spectrum, and time history analyses.
2. Results show that buildings with dampers experience reduced story drift and displacement compared to buildings without dampers, indicating improved seismic performance. However, buildings with dampers experience higher base shear.
3. Analyses are conducted on G+5, G+10, and G+15 story buildings in seismic zone IV. Results for story displacement, drift, base shear, bending moment and axial forces are presented and discussed.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Regular and Irregular Buildings Having Fixed Base ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a seismic analysis of regular and irregular reinforced concrete buildings with both fixed bases and base isolators using time history analysis. The study models a 9-story building in regular, L-shaped, and T-shaped configurations with both fixed bases and base isolating units. Time history analyses are conducted using ground motion data from the 1995 Kozani and 1997 Jiashi earthquakes. Results for story displacements, moments, and axial forces are compared between the different building configurations and foundation types. In general, the analyses show that base isolating buildings experience lower seismic demands than identical buildings with fixed bases. Irregular buildings have higher displacements and forces than the regular building.
IRJET- Seismic Performance of RC & Composite Frames with Plan Irregular Confi...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames and composite frames with irregular floor plans located in an earthquake zone. 12 models of G+10 story buildings were analyzed (6 RC and 6 composite) using ETABS software. The models had different irregular floor plan configurations including C-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, plus-shaped and hollow shapes. Response spectrum analysis was performed. Results for time period, base shear, story shear, displacements, drifts and axial forces were compared between the RC and composite frames. The composite frames showed lower time periods, displacements, drifts and axial forces compared to the RC frames, but higher base shear and story shear due to their
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of G+12 Residential Building in Lucknow (Zone 3) Regi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on seismic analysis and retrofitting of a G+12 residential building in Lucknow, India (Zone 3). The building was modeled in Staad Pro and analyzed under dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads based on Indian code IS 1893-2002. The results showed failures in columns due to shear and flexure from lateral displacement. To address this, reinforced concrete jacketing was proposed as a retrofitting technique to strengthen columns and prevent failure. RC jacketing increases column shear and flexural strength so columns are not damaged during earthquakes. The summary concludes that structural retrofitting through RC jacketing improves seismic resistance and reduces risk of collapse under design loads.
Design and analasys of a g+3 residential building using staadgopichand's
This document presents a graduation project analyzing and designing a G+3 residential building using STAAD Pro software. The objectives are to carry out analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, columns, and shear walls and get experience with STAAD Pro and AutoCAD. The project building consists of 3 repeated floors in Hyderabad. The document discusses analyzing loads, modeling the building in STAAD Pro, designing columns, beams, slabs, and foundations, and concludes with the advantages and limitations of using structural analysis software.
The document describes the analysis and design of a multi-story hostel building with G+6 floors in STAAD Pro. It includes objectives to house 200 students, satisfy strength and serviceability requirements. The building has 16 rooms on each floor with 4 washrooms. Loads, materials, and structural components are specified. The building is analyzed for different load combinations as per codes and design of beams, columns, slab is done with reinforcement details. The analysis found the structure is within safe limits under design loads.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF G+3 STORIED REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING Abhilash Chandra Dey
This document provides an analysis and design summary for a G+3 storied reinforced concrete building project. It outlines the aims, requirements, methodology, codes, and steps used for the structural design. Load combinations are defined according to Indian codes for gravity, seismic, and limit state design. Analysis was performed using STAAD Pro software, including modal analysis and equivalent static analysis. Results such as member forces, reactions, and concrete quantities are presented and compared to hand calculations. The summary provides an overview of the process and outcomes of analyzing and designing the main structural elements of the multi-story building.
Optimization of Precast Post-tensioned Concrete I-Girder BridgeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an optimization study of precast post-tensioned concrete I-girder bridges. The study developed a computer program in C to design the deck slab and I-girder according to Indian codes. It then used an improved sequential linear programming technique to optimize the design by minimizing cost. The design variables included girder dimensions and material grades. Constraints included structural requirements and limits from codes. The optimization algorithm linearized the nonlinear problem at each step to solve as a linear program and iteratively improved the design until an optimal solution was reached.
Seismic Performance of Circular And Rectangular Column by Cyclic And Monotoni...IRJET Journal
This study compares the seismic performance of circular and rectangular reinforced concrete columns under monotonic and cyclic loading through experimental testing and finite element analysis. Experimental tests showed that circular and equivalent rectangular columns had similar load-deflection behavior and achieved similar strength and ductility under flexural and shear dominated failure modes. Finite element analysis of 20-story buildings with circular and rectangular columns found that the building with circular columns experienced 25% greater lateral displacement but similar drift, base shear, overturning moment, and time period compared to the rectangular column building. Reinforcement requirements were up to 50% higher for circular columns compared to rectangular columns under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. In conclusion, both column shapes performed similarly but rectangular columns were found to be more econom
IRJET- Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Building (G+4) using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete residential building (G+4) using ETABS software. Key points include:
- The building is located in Bangalore and designed according to Indian codes. Loads like dead load, live load, wind and seismic loads are considered.
- The structure is analyzed under different load combinations as per code specifications. Beams, columns, slabs and rebar are designed using materials like M25 and M30 concrete and HYSD bars of grades 500 and 550.
- Results of the analysis show maximum bending moments, shear forces, and deflections within permissible limits. Base reactions are summarized to aid in foundation design.
- In conclusion, ET
Performance of RC Frame Structure with Floating Column and Soft Storey in Dif...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a pushover analysis conducted on four reinforced concrete (RC) frame building models to study the effects of a floating column and soft story in different earthquake zones. The models included regular buildings without and with a floating column, and irregular buildings without and with a floating column. The pushover analysis was performed according to Indian standards for earthquake loading. The analysis found that buildings with a floating column experienced higher displacements, drifts, and lower base shears compared to buildings without a floating column. Buildings in Zone V, which has higher seismicity, experienced higher displacements and drifts than those in Zone II. The first story of buildings with a soft story experienced drifts 45-50% greater than
Seismic Analysis of Multi Storied Irregular Building using Flat Slab and Gri...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of multi-story buildings with flat slab and grid slab structures in seismic zones III and V. Finite element software ETABS is used to model T-shaped and L-shaped buildings with 15 stories and both slab systems. Response spectrum analysis is conducted to determine parameters like base shear and storey shear. The results show that grid slab structures experience higher base shear values than equivalent flat slab buildings in both zones. In conclusion, grid slab structures perform poorer seismically compared to flat slab structures for the building geometries and conditions analyzed.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Residential Multistory Building (G+5) by using ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a residential multi-story building (G+5) using ETABS software. The building is designed using AutoCAD and ETABS to analyze stresses in slabs, beams, columns, floors, walls and footings. Load calculations are performed for dead loads, live loads, lateral loads, axial loads, and seismic or wind loads according to Indian codes. The analysis checks stresses and load capacities of the entire structural system, including reinforcement requirements for columns and staircases. Footings are designed based on soil bearing capacity. The results obtained from analyzing the building structure in ETABS are also discussed.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building using Steel Braced FramesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems. The building was modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Time history analysis was performed to evaluate storey drift, displacement, fundamental period, and stiffness for the building with X, V, inverted V bracing and without bracing. The results showed that braced buildings performed better during seismic activity than unbraced. Among the braced systems, X bracing was most effective at reducing responses like storey drift during earthquakes.
Rehabilitation Study of NH34 Kabrai to Maudaha through the 35.00 Km Section L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a rehabilitation study of a 35 km section of NH34 highway between Kabrai and Maudaha in India. The study found rutting, cracking, and other pavement distresses due to heavy traffic volumes and loads. It analyzed existing pavement conditions through test pits, calculated traffic volumes and equivalent single axle loads, and determined the resilient modulus of the subgrade. Using the Asphalt Institute Manual method, it designed a 105 mm overlay consisting of a 50 mm leveling layer and 55 mm surface course to rehabilitate the pavement for the expected traffic loads over a 15-year design life. The rehabilitation was expected to increase the operational speed and level of service of the highway section.
PLANNING AND DESIGN OF G+3 RESIDENTIAL HOUSING COMPLEX (Share By Suman Sau)Suman Sau
The document outlines the planning and design of a G+3 residential housing complex project. It discusses the objectives of designing a 17 unit apartment building with 3 stories using RCC framing. It describes the key elements of the complex like residential buildings, roads, school, and amenities. It also discusses the software used like AutoCAD and STAAD Pro, the methodology of selecting the site, creating master plans and designs, and analyzing the structure. Load cases, design of beams, columns, and slabs are also summarized.
IRJET- Securing an IoT Based Home using Digital Image Processing and an Andro...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of bracing patterns on an L-shaped reinforced concrete tall building under wind loads. Four 40-story L-shaped building models with different bracing configurations - ordinary moment frame, X bracing, V bracing, and inverted V bracing - were analyzed using STAAD.Pro software. The inverted V braced model had the lowest displacements and was the most structurally stable, while the ordinary moment frame model had the highest displacements and was the least stable. Increasing bracing improved building stability and reduced displacements, bending moments, and shear forces. Therefore, inverted V and V bracing patterns provided better performance for L-shaped tall buildings under wind loads compared to X bra
Design and comparison of a residential building (g+10) for seismic forces usi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Earthquakes take a huge toll on life and property. Since the effect of seismic forces on structures is quite significant, it is important that the design of the structures must be done in the best possible way to take into account these effects and thereby aiming for an adequate structural response. Different international seismic codes differ significantly in parameters specified. With the variations in parameters the performance of the building varies. Hence, it is necessary to do a comparative study so as to conclude which building will perform better. This paper presents with the analysis and design of a G+10 for seismic forces using four international building standards- IS1893, Euro code 8, ASCE7-10 and the British Codes. The analysis of the building was done using STAAD.Pro.V8i. The building was then designed as per the specified codes. Once the design was completed a pushover analysis was done in SAP2000 to check the seismic performance of the building. A comparative study between the design and the seismic performance of the building was done. Keywords: Seismic forces, Seismic Standard, Seismic performance, Comparative Analysis.
Seismic Analysis of Multistory Building with and without Floating ColumnIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study comparing the seismic analysis of a 5-story building with and without floating columns. Model 1 is a normal building without floating columns and serves as the baseline. Model 2 has interior columns removed at the ground floor, creating floating columns, but fails structural analysis. Model 3 modifies Model 2 by increasing beam and column sizes to make it structurally sound. Analysis found Model 3 had lower displacements than Model 1 under seismic loads, but required 44% more steel and 22% more concrete, making it uneconomical compared to the normal building structure. The conclusion is that floating column buildings should be avoided due to increased construction costs and improved seismic performance can be obtained through other techniques than floating columns.
IRJET- Parametrical Study of Different Shapes of Shear Wall in High Rise Symm...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of different shaped shear walls (I, T, U, and Z shapes) in high-rise symmetrical buildings under seismic loading. A 20-story building model was created in ETABS with the total concrete volume kept similar for each shear wall shape. Dynamic analysis was performed considering seismic zones III and V with soil types I and III. Results for time period, story drift, story shear, and story displacement were compared for each model. The analysis showed that I-shaped walls performed best in the x-direction while U-shaped walls were best in the y-direction. Thinner walls with larger flanges (model 2) generally had better performance than other designs. T-shaped walls saw higher
Wind Analysis and Design of G+11 Storied Building using STAAD-ProIRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing wind loads on a G+11 storied reinforced concrete building using STAAD-Pro software. A 3D model of the building was created in STAAD-Pro based on specified dimensions and material properties. Wind loads were estimated according to Indian code IS 875 (Part 3)-1987, taking into account basic wind speed, zone factor, and height factor. Static analysis was performed considering dead load, live load, and wind load. Results found that deflection and forces increased with height and were highest under wind load in the x-direction. The study concluded wind loads are more critical for tall structures and designs should consider loads in both directions to determine critical forces.
IRJET- Comparative Study of R.C.C and Steel (G+4 Storey) BuildingIRJET Journal
This document compares the structural analysis of a G+4 reinforced concrete (RC) building and steel building using STAAD Pro software. Key results include:
1) The steel building showed lower maximum displacements than the RC building, indicating it is stiffer.
2) The RC building had higher maximum bending moments and shear forces than the steel building, meaning greater internal forces were induced in the RC structure from loads.
3) Both buildings met code requirements for storey drift, though drift was lower in the steel building, further suggesting it is more rigid than the RC equivalent.
IRJET- Seismic Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Building with Friction DampersIRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings with and without friction dampers through equivalent static, response spectrum, and time history analyses.
2. Results show that buildings with dampers experience reduced story drift and displacement compared to buildings without dampers, indicating improved seismic performance. However, buildings with dampers experience higher base shear.
3. Analyses are conducted on G+5, G+10, and G+15 story buildings in seismic zone IV. Results for story displacement, drift, base shear, bending moment and axial forces are presented and discussed.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Regular and Irregular Buildings Having Fixed Base ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a seismic analysis of regular and irregular reinforced concrete buildings with both fixed bases and base isolators using time history analysis. The study models a 9-story building in regular, L-shaped, and T-shaped configurations with both fixed bases and base isolating units. Time history analyses are conducted using ground motion data from the 1995 Kozani and 1997 Jiashi earthquakes. Results for story displacements, moments, and axial forces are compared between the different building configurations and foundation types. In general, the analyses show that base isolating buildings experience lower seismic demands than identical buildings with fixed bases. Irregular buildings have higher displacements and forces than the regular building.
IRJET- Seismic Performance of RC & Composite Frames with Plan Irregular Confi...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames and composite frames with irregular floor plans located in an earthquake zone. 12 models of G+10 story buildings were analyzed (6 RC and 6 composite) using ETABS software. The models had different irregular floor plan configurations including C-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, plus-shaped and hollow shapes. Response spectrum analysis was performed. Results for time period, base shear, story shear, displacements, drifts and axial forces were compared between the RC and composite frames. The composite frames showed lower time periods, displacements, drifts and axial forces compared to the RC frames, but higher base shear and story shear due to their
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of G+12 Residential Building in Lucknow (Zone 3) Regi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on seismic analysis and retrofitting of a G+12 residential building in Lucknow, India (Zone 3). The building was modeled in Staad Pro and analyzed under dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads based on Indian code IS 1893-2002. The results showed failures in columns due to shear and flexure from lateral displacement. To address this, reinforced concrete jacketing was proposed as a retrofitting technique to strengthen columns and prevent failure. RC jacketing increases column shear and flexural strength so columns are not damaged during earthquakes. The summary concludes that structural retrofitting through RC jacketing improves seismic resistance and reduces risk of collapse under design loads.
Design and analasys of a g+3 residential building using staadgopichand's
This document presents a graduation project analyzing and designing a G+3 residential building using STAAD Pro software. The objectives are to carry out analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, columns, and shear walls and get experience with STAAD Pro and AutoCAD. The project building consists of 3 repeated floors in Hyderabad. The document discusses analyzing loads, modeling the building in STAAD Pro, designing columns, beams, slabs, and foundations, and concludes with the advantages and limitations of using structural analysis software.
The document describes the analysis and design of a multi-story hostel building with G+6 floors in STAAD Pro. It includes objectives to house 200 students, satisfy strength and serviceability requirements. The building has 16 rooms on each floor with 4 washrooms. Loads, materials, and structural components are specified. The building is analyzed for different load combinations as per codes and design of beams, columns, slab is done with reinforcement details. The analysis found the structure is within safe limits under design loads.
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF G+3 STORIED REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING Abhilash Chandra Dey
This document provides an analysis and design summary for a G+3 storied reinforced concrete building project. It outlines the aims, requirements, methodology, codes, and steps used for the structural design. Load combinations are defined according to Indian codes for gravity, seismic, and limit state design. Analysis was performed using STAAD Pro software, including modal analysis and equivalent static analysis. Results such as member forces, reactions, and concrete quantities are presented and compared to hand calculations. The summary provides an overview of the process and outcomes of analyzing and designing the main structural elements of the multi-story building.
Optimization of Precast Post-tensioned Concrete I-Girder BridgeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an optimization study of precast post-tensioned concrete I-girder bridges. The study developed a computer program in C to design the deck slab and I-girder according to Indian codes. It then used an improved sequential linear programming technique to optimize the design by minimizing cost. The design variables included girder dimensions and material grades. Constraints included structural requirements and limits from codes. The optimization algorithm linearized the nonlinear problem at each step to solve as a linear program and iteratively improved the design until an optimal solution was reached.
Seismic Performance of Circular And Rectangular Column by Cyclic And Monotoni...IRJET Journal
This study compares the seismic performance of circular and rectangular reinforced concrete columns under monotonic and cyclic loading through experimental testing and finite element analysis. Experimental tests showed that circular and equivalent rectangular columns had similar load-deflection behavior and achieved similar strength and ductility under flexural and shear dominated failure modes. Finite element analysis of 20-story buildings with circular and rectangular columns found that the building with circular columns experienced 25% greater lateral displacement but similar drift, base shear, overturning moment, and time period compared to the rectangular column building. Reinforcement requirements were up to 50% higher for circular columns compared to rectangular columns under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. In conclusion, both column shapes performed similarly but rectangular columns were found to be more econom
IRJET - Comparison of Seismic Behavior of Multi-Storey Structure with Com...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic behavior of multi-storey structures with composite columns and reinforced concrete columns. Three models are analyzed: a normal reinforced concrete building, a building with composite tube sections in the columns, and a building with I-sections and rebar in the columns. The models are analyzed using ETABS software and time history data from a 2009 earthquake. Parameters like base shear, storey drift, displacement, stiffness, and overturning moment are compared. The results show that the reinforced concrete model performs poorer in terms of base shear, drift, displacement, and stiffness compared to the composite column models. The I-section column model performs best by having the lowest base shear and drift values.
Parametric Comparison of Rectangular and Trapezoidal Box Girder Bridge Deck S...IRJET Journal
This document compares the structural behavior and cost of rectangular and trapezoidal box girder bridge cross-sections. A finite element analysis was conducted on each section using MIDAS Civil 2016 software. The analysis found that the trapezoidal section had 7.6% more central deflection but lower shear forces compared to the rectangular section. A manual design of the transverse sections found that the trapezoidal section used 7% less concrete and 25% less steel, resulting in lower material costs. Therefore, the study concluded that the trapezoidal cross-section represents a more cost-effective option for the box girder bridge design.
IRJET- Structural Analysis and Design of Pump HouseIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the structural analysis and design of a pump house using STAAD.Pro software. It describes analyzing the structure under various loads, designing structural elements like beams and slabs, and verifying the design meets strength and serviceability requirements. Loads considered include dead loads, live loads, wind loads, seismic loads, water loads and operating loads. Elements are designed for different limit states using load combinations. Results of the slab, beam, and model analyses are presented along with figures from the STAAD.Pro model. The study concludes that the structural design achieved the intended safety and performance goals.
Seismic Analysis of Telecommunication Tower using Viscous DamperIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on seismic analysis of telecommunication towers using viscous dampers. The study models a 56m tall 4-legged self-supporting tower both with and without dampers using SAP2000 software. Various analyses including static, response spectrum, and time history are conducted for different soil types and seismic zones. Results show that using dampers reduces modal time periods and increases modal frequencies. It also reduces base shear, joint displacements, peak displacements and accelerations compared to the tower without dampers. The study concludes that dampers help control the response of towers during earthquakes.
SEISMIC RESISTIVITY AND RETROFITTING OF RC FRAME BUILDINGIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. It describes modeling and analyzing a 5-story RC building using ETABS software under different load conditions, with and without retrofitting. Retrofitting included concrete jacketing of columns to enhance shear and flexural strengths. Analysis results showed percentage of steel required in columns increased under seismic loads but reduced with retrofitting. Retrofitting transformed the structure into a strong-column weak-beam system with improved lateral load resistance.
IRJET - Dynamic Analysis of Steel Truss Bridge under Various Combinational Mo...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of a steel truss bridge under various combinational moving loads. A truss bridge model is created in STAAD Pro software and subjected to dead loads, live loads, seismic loads, and moving vehicle loads according to Indian codes. Natural frequencies of the bridge are determined for different load combinations including seismic loads alone and with moving loads. It is observed that natural frequencies are higher for load combinations of seismic and moving loads compared to seismic and static vehicle loads. Mode shapes of the bridge are also identified under seismic loading.
Influence of RC Jacketing on seismic vulnerability BridgesIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the influence of retrofitting reinforced concrete bridge columns on the seismic performance of bridges. Finite element models of box-girder bridges with varying column sizes (0.54m x 0.54m, 1m x 1m, 1.2m x 1.2m) and skew angles (30°, 45°, 60°) were created and analyzed using time history analysis. Retrofitting the columns by increasing their size decreased the natural frequency and increased the time period of the bridges. It also decreased the base shear, reducing the seismic demand on the bridges. Larger column sizes of 1m x 1m and 1.2m x 1.2m provided more strength and stiffness, improving the
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
Critical Comparative Study of Dynamic Wind Response of Tall Buildings Using G...IRJET Journal
This document presents a critical comparative study of the dynamic wind response of tall buildings using the gust effectiveness factor method. 14 building models ranging from 16 to 50 stories were analyzed using ETABS software. The study found that dynamic wind load response is nonlinear and parabolic with increasing building height, while static wind load response is linear. Response parameters like story drift, force and displacement were compared for buildings with different aspect ratios, number of stories, and ground conditions. Dynamic wind load caused greater response than static wind load. Response generally increased with higher aspect ratios and number of stories. Buildings on sloping ground also exhibited higher response compared to those on flat ground. The study provides valuable insights into tall building design for wind load conditions.
IRJET- Analysis and Design of Bridge Deck using Grillage Method - As Per IRCIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a bridge deck using the grillage method according to IRC standards. It discusses modeling the bridge deck as a grillage of beams in Staad Pro software to represent the stiffness of the actual deck. Loads including self-weight, wearing coat, footpath live load, and vehicular live loads are applied to the grillage model. Linear static analysis is performed to determine bending moments and shear forces. The maximum bending moment of 464 kNm and maximum shear force of 316 kN occur under a 70R tracked vehicle based on IRC impact factors. The grillage method provides accurate results for bridge analysis if member properties are properly specified.
Progressive Collapse Analysis of RC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Progressive collapse is the spread of initial local failure from one structural component to other components, potentially leading to the collapse of the entire structure. The study models a G+5 story RC special moment resisting frame building using finite element software and analyzes it according to GSA guidelines for column removal scenarios. Both linear dynamic and nonlinear static pushover analyses are performed to calculate story drifts and shears and evaluate the structure's resistance to progressive collapse. The results show story responses and bending moments increase for the column removal cases compared to the intact structure model. Pushover curves are also plotted to identify performance points under different lateral load conditions.
IRJET- Analysis of Steel Braced Symmetrical RCC Building with Designed I-Sect...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes a steel-braced symmetrical reinforced concrete building with and without designed I-section rubber base isolators. The building is modeled in ETABS software and response spectrum analysis is conducted. Base isolators are designed as I-section shapes made of rubber with specified dimensions. Analysis shows that with base isolators, story displacements, drifts and base shear are reduced, indicating lower earthquake effects on the building and more stable performance. Therefore, use of bracings and base isolators can significantly reduce potential damage to structures from earthquakes.
IRJET- Analysis of Steel Braced Symmetrical RCC Building with Designed I-...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes a steel braced symmetrical reinforced concrete building with and without designed I-sectional rubber base isolators. The building is modeled in ETABS software and response spectrum analysis is conducted. Base isolators are designed as I-sections to isolate the structure from ground movements during earthquakes. Analysis shows that with base isolators, displacements, drift, and base shear are reduced, indicating lower earthquake effects on the building and more stable performance. Therefore, steel bracing combined with base isolators is effective at minimizing earthquake damage to structures.
Fire Induced Progressive Collapse of Multi-Storied Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the progressive collapse of a 14-story steel frame structure due to fire loads using ETABS software. The structure was modeled and analyzed by applying a fire load of 550°C to corner, edge, intermediate, and re-entrant columns on alternating floors according to GSA guidelines. Demand capacity ratios and axial loads of the columns were obtained both before and after the fire load was applied. The results showed demand capacity ratios remained below 2 and axial loads increased after fire, indicating the structure would not experience progressive collapse from the simulated fire loads.
Study on Integral Bridge with Composite deck for IRC StandardsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the development of a numerical model of a composite integral bridge in India using finite element analysis. Key points:
1. An integral bridge is defined as a bridge without expansion joints or bearings, with a continuous deck across the length. This study aims to model a composite integral bridge (with built-up steel girders and concrete deck) to analyze its behavior under different loads.
2. A grillage model is used, representing the bridge as linear-elastic beam elements. Soil-structure interaction is modeled using nonlinear spring elements. Two soil profiles are considered.
3. Thermal loads are significant for integral bridges and are analyzed. Temperature variations are calculated based on
IRJET- Proposal of a New Bridge Across Pooyamkutty RiverIRJET Journal
- The document proposes a new bridge parallel to an existing bridge in Pooyamkutty, India that frequently floods.
- A survey was conducted and it was determined that the new bridge should have a greater height above the high flood level and a wider span to allow larger objects to pass beneath it.
- The proposed bridge design includes two lanes, a length of 108 meters, a deck slab elevation of 104 meters, and six spans of 18 meters each. The superstructure and substructure were modeled and designed using STAAD Pro software and following Indian design codes.
Stability Analysis of Bridge Structures Using Modal AnalysisIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on analyzing the stability of bridge structures using modal analysis. Modal analysis was conducted on a bridge model using ANSYS simulation software. Three materials were analyzed: concrete, silicone rubber, and neoprene rubber. For each material, the mode shapes, natural frequencies, and mass participation factors were determined. The results found that for concrete and silicone rubber, the critical region with maximum deformation was the crash barrier. For neoprene rubber, the maximum deformation occurred at the bearing region. The modal analysis provided vibration characteristics and identified regions susceptible to resonance for different bridge materials.
Analysis Of Earthquake Resistant Structure By Base Isolation MethodIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the analysis of earthquake-resistant structures using base isolation methods. Base isolation involves inserting seismic isolators at the base of a structure to decouple it from ground motions during an earthquake.
2. Several types of base isolators are discussed, including lead-rubber bearings, which provide rigidity under service loads and energy dissipation during seismic events.
3. A 10-story residential building is modeled using ETABS software to compare the seismic performance of a fixed-base structure versus one with base isolators. Results show that base isolation reduces story drift, displacement, and base shear, indicating less damage to the isolated structure.
Similar to Response of Segmental Bridge when Subjected to Seismic Excitation (20)
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant CoefficientsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses methods for finding the solutions to linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines such an equation and explains that the complete solution is the combination of the complementary function (C.F.) and particular integral (P.I.).
2) Various methods are presented for determining the C.F. depending on whether the roots of the auxiliary equation are real, imaginary, repeated, etc.
3) Rules are provided for obtaining the P.I. based on the type of function involved (exponential, trigonometric, power, etc.). Examples are worked through to demonstrate the full solution process.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days