This research introduces a new simple, efficient, and practical procedure to design
the reinforced concrete (RC) circular slabs which have large diameters. The principal
idea of this paper concerns to use the isotropic perpendicular RC straight joists to
resist the external load. The yield-line theory was adapted to analysis the circular
waffle slabs. The steps of design were according to the ACI Code provisions. Fixed
and simply supported circular slabs were presented. Closed form equations have been
driven by author for the purposes of analysis and design this type of slabs by the
present procedure. Uniformly distributed load was considered, that represent almost
practical cases. Useful illustration example is presented in this study according to the
available materials in Iraq to facilitate the job of designers. The good performance of
RC circular slab which design by the present procedure proved clearly the efficiency
of this technique.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Based Evaluation of Conventional RC Framed Structure Compared wit...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of an 11-story conventional reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure compared to a flat slab structure. Both linear and nonlinear analysis methods are used to evaluate the structures' performance under seismic loads. The natural period, base shear, story stiffness, and story displacement are calculated and compared for RC and flat slab models with and without shear walls. The results show that the flat slab structure generally has a higher natural period, base shear, and story displacement but lower story stiffness compared to the RC structure. Shear walls are found to significantly increase the stiffness and seismic performance of both structural types.
Seismic Performance Assessment of RCS Building By Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings through pushover analysis. Two 3-story buildings, one RCS and one RC, were modeled and analyzed. The pushover curves showed that while the base shear capacity was similar, the RCS building behaved linearly until maximum shear capacity and then failed in a soft story mechanism. The RC building formed plastic hinges first in beams and then progressively in columns from lower to upper stories until failure. The study found that RCS buildings may perform better seismically by maintaining strength and stiffness up to maximum load capacity.
Composite Concrete-Steel Construction in Tall Buildings by Dr. NaveedAIT Solutions
The document discusses composite concrete-steel construction systems used in tall buildings. It describes how composite and mixed systems use concrete and steel acting together to provide benefits like increased strength and stiffness. Common composite elements discussed include composite floors, beams, columns, shear walls, and link beams. Composite columns provide benefits like increased strength and stiffness. Concrete-filled steel tubes are an efficient composite column type. Recent developments in composite shear walls include concrete-filled composite plate shear wall systems that offer enhanced seismic performance. Case studies of composite tall buildings in Asia are also presented.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Steel Frame Building using Bracing in ETAB SoftwareIRJET Journal
This paper compares the seismic analysis of a G+11 square building and L-shaped building using time history analysis in ETAB 17.01 software. Different types of bracing systems are used, including X, V, inverted V, and diagonal bracing. The response of the buildings is compared in terms of displacement, base shear, and pseudo acceleration to determine which type of building and bracing system provides the minimum response. The L-shaped building with X bracing is found to have the minimum displacement, while the square building with X bracing has the minimum base shear and pseudo acceleration.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance Based Evaluation of Conventional RC Framed Structure Compared wit...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of an 11-story conventional reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure compared to a flat slab structure. Both linear and nonlinear analysis methods are used to evaluate the structures' performance under seismic loads. The natural period, base shear, story stiffness, and story displacement are calculated and compared for RC and flat slab models with and without shear walls. The results show that the flat slab structure generally has a higher natural period, base shear, and story displacement but lower story stiffness compared to the RC structure. Shear walls are found to significantly increase the stiffness and seismic performance of both structural types.
Seismic Performance Assessment of RCS Building By Pushover AnalysisIOSR Journals
This document discusses a study that assesses the seismic performance of reinforced concrete steel (RCS) frame buildings compared to ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) buildings through pushover analysis. Two 3-story buildings, one RCS and one RC, were modeled and analyzed. The pushover curves showed that while the base shear capacity was similar, the RCS building behaved linearly until maximum shear capacity and then failed in a soft story mechanism. The RC building formed plastic hinges first in beams and then progressively in columns from lower to upper stories until failure. The study found that RCS buildings may perform better seismically by maintaining strength and stiffness up to maximum load capacity.
Composite Concrete-Steel Construction in Tall Buildings by Dr. NaveedAIT Solutions
The document discusses composite concrete-steel construction systems used in tall buildings. It describes how composite and mixed systems use concrete and steel acting together to provide benefits like increased strength and stiffness. Common composite elements discussed include composite floors, beams, columns, shear walls, and link beams. Composite columns provide benefits like increased strength and stiffness. Concrete-filled steel tubes are an efficient composite column type. Recent developments in composite shear walls include concrete-filled composite plate shear wall systems that offer enhanced seismic performance. Case studies of composite tall buildings in Asia are also presented.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Steel Frame Building using Bracing in ETAB SoftwareIRJET Journal
This paper compares the seismic analysis of a G+11 square building and L-shaped building using time history analysis in ETAB 17.01 software. Different types of bracing systems are used, including X, V, inverted V, and diagonal bracing. The response of the buildings is compared in terms of displacement, base shear, and pseudo acceleration to determine which type of building and bracing system provides the minimum response. The L-shaped building with X bracing is found to have the minimum displacement, while the square building with X bracing has the minimum base shear and pseudo acceleration.
1. The document describes a project seminar on parametric study of multi-storey reinforced concrete flat slab structures under seismic effects with varying plan aspect ratios and slenderness ratios.
2. 25 structural models are created with different plan dimensions, aspect ratios ranging from 1-5, and slenderness ratios ranging from 0.48-2.88. Static and dynamic analysis is performed using ETABS software.
3. Results for base shear, storey drift, storey stiffness, natural period, and maximum displacements are obtained and compared across the models to determine limiting aspect and slenderness ratios for seismic safety of the structures.
IRJET- Study on Effective Seismic Retrofitting for High Rise Steel Frame with...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on improving the seismic performance of high-rise steel buildings through different bracing systems. It models a G+8 steel building in different configurations - without bracing and with diagonal, X, and V bracing using angle and tube sections - and analyzes them using STAAD Pro software. The results show that V-bracing reduces maximum nodal displacement, drift displacement, and drift ratio the most compared to other bracing types or no bracing. V-bracing with an angle section performs slightly better than with a tube section of the same area. Overall, the study demonstrates that bracing systems, and V-bracing in particular, significantly improve a steel building's ability to resist seismic
Analysis and Optimum Design for Steel Moment Resisting Frames to Seismic Exci...IJCMESJOURNAL
The essential purpose of this wander is to develop an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) based estimation to multi-storey steel traces for slightest weight of frames. The frames are proposed for contradicting even impact in view of seismic stacking close by gravity forces. Various structural stems are used for restricting seismic (lateral) forces; however steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are considered for the present work. The framework solidifies codal courses of action of IS 800-2007, as needs be gets the edges with perfect weight for in-plane moments with lateral support of beam element. Strength and buckling criteria are considered as direct goals close by side constraints in formulating optimization problem. A Software program is made that uses an interior penalty function (IPF) for weight minimization of two-dimensional moment restricting steel encompassed structures. The program uses MATLAB, performs one dimensional interest, and structural design in an iterative technique. The design cases have exhibited that the proposed estimation gives a beneficial instrument to the practicing fundamental algorithm. The program is associated with 6 and 9 storey (4 bays) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The program showed its capacity of optimizing the largeness of two medium size frames. To get part obliges in frames an examination technique must be associated. In the present work Equivalent Lateral Force framework (ELF) and material nonlinear time history analysis (NTH) are associated and perfect qualities gained from both the examinations are contemplated.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of RCC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using concrete jacketing. The study tested control specimens designed to code standards and retrofitted specimens with concrete jackets added. The specimens were subjected to reverse cyclic loading to examine their performance and lateral load capacity. The concrete jackets were intended to improve seismic performance by increasing strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and connection integrity of the joints. The results provide information on the behavior and effectiveness of reinforced concrete beam-columns strengthened with concrete jacketing under cyclic loading conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Moment Resisting Frames of Steel and Composit...IRJET Journal
This document compares moment resisting frames made of steel composite materials and reinforced concrete (RC) under seismic loading. Four models each of a G+10 and G+20 building were analyzed with ETABS software - two as ordinary moment resisting frames (OMRF) and two as special moment resisting frames (SMRF). Results for steel composite frames showed lower displacement, drift, and shear compared to RC frames, but within acceptable limits. Steel composite structures provide advantages over RC structures such as reduced weight, cost, and faster construction for high-rise buildings.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Eccentrically and Concentrically Steel Braced Stee...IRJET Journal
- The document analyzes the seismic performance of eccentrically and concentrically steel braced steel structures through equivalent static analysis in STAAD.Pro.
- Results show that braced structures perform better than unbraced structures, with braced structures experiencing lower lateral displacement and storey drift. Cross braced and concentrically braced frames performed the best with least displacement.
- Braced structures are more effective at resisting seismic loads and dissipating seismic energy compared to unbraced structures. The use of bracing systems improves the lateral stiffness and capacity of steel structures.
1. The document discusses the behavior of reinforced concrete sections subjected to combined flexural moment and axial force.
2. It describes the unified theory for analyzing concrete design, which can develop a single theory to determine stress resultants for various concrete member types, design methods, and codes.
3. The theory unifies the analysis of beams, columns, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete, and different cross-section types by incorporating various stress-strain models.
Seismic Analysis of a High-rise RC Framed Structure with IrregularitiesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on seismic analysis of a 50-story irregular reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure. Various types of structural irregularities were considered, including mass irregularity, vertical geometric irregularity, re-entrant corners, diaphragm discontinuity, and stiffness irregularity. The structure was modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Results showed increased seismic responses like displacement, drift, and period for irregular structures compared to a regular structure. Specifically, the re-entrant corner structure performed worst with highest displacement and drift due to its irregular geometry. Mass irregularity resulted in highest base shear. Stiffness irregularity led to longest period. In conclusion, regular structures performed better than irregular structures under seismic loads
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Flexural behavior of composite reinforced concrete t beams cast in steel cha...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of composite reinforced concrete T-beams with horizontal transverse bars as shear connectors. Three large-scale beam specimens were fabricated, loaded until failure, and their load-deflection responses were measured. Results showed that beams with horizontal bar shear connectors had substantially higher ultimate bending capacity, flexural stiffness, and integrity compared to previous studies using headed stud connectors. The use of horizontal bars as shear connectors provides improved flexural performance of composite concrete beams cast in steel channels.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Study of Post Tensioned and RCC Flat Slab in Multi-Storey Commerc...IRJET Journal
This document compares post-tensioned flat slabs to reinforced concrete (RCC) flat slabs in multi-story commercial buildings. It finds that post-tensioned flat slabs are more cost effective than RCC slabs. The document reviews literature on flat slab design and seismic behavior. It also presents the benefits of post-tensioning, including larger spans, reduced dead loads, smaller columns and foundations, and the ability to incorporate additional floors in a given building height. Analysis using RAPT and ETABS software indicates that post-tensioned flat slabs require less reinforcing steel, post-tensioning steel, and concrete, resulting in lower overall building costs per square meter compared to RCC slab systems.
Influence of Concrete and Steel Outrigger and Belt Truss in High Rise Moment ...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes 7 models of a 44-story reinforced concrete frame building with different outrigger and belt truss configurations to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing lateral displacement, storey drifts, base shear, and fundamental time periods under wind and earthquake loads.
2. Analysis found that a model with X-braced outriggers was most effective at reducing top storey displacement by 29.21% and maximum story drift by 26.64% compared to the bare frame model without outriggers. A model with a belt truss was also effective, reducing displacement by 34.57% and drift by 30.75%.
3. Steel outriggers provided the least benefit, reducing displacement by only
This document summarizes a thesis analyzing the seismic performance of a 13-story building model with and without shear walls. Two models are considered: a bare frame structure and a shear wall frame structure. Both models are analyzed using ETABS software under wind and earthquake loading conditions in Seismic Zone III. The results show that the shear wall structure performs much better in terms of limiting lateral displacement, storey drift, and increasing stiffness and strength. It is concluded that the shear wall frame structure provides more reliable performance against lateral loads.
This document provides an introduction to the analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the American Concrete Institute building code and the strength design method. It describes different types of loads like dead and live loads. It then gives an overview of common reinforced concrete structural systems like flat plate, beam-column frame, and shear wall systems. Finally, it discusses the basic behavior and properties of structural members like beams, columns, slabs, and walls.
IRJET- Behaviour of Castellated Beam with Coupled StiffenerIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a study on the behavior of castellated beams with coupled stiffeners. A steel I-section beam is selected and analyzed using finite element analysis software.
2) Experimental testing is conducted on beams with two-point loading. The deflection at the beam center and various failure patterns are examined. The goal is to determine if load capacity increases or decreases with an optimized stiffener placed within hexagonal openings.
3) Previous research has looked at shear buckling behavior of web-posts, parametric studies of connections with circular openings, and using topology optimization to design perforated sections. Stiffeners are commonly used to strengthen plates and increase shear and moment resistance.
A Parametric Finite Element Study on Concentrated Load Distribution in Corrug...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a parametric finite element study conducted to analyze the behavior of corrugated steel decks under concentrated loads. Nonlinear 3D finite element models of various corrugated steel deck profiles were created in ANSYS. A parametric study investigated the effects of variables like deck type, steel thickness, span conditions, load location, and load application point on deck strength and behavior. The study found that deck corner radii had relatively small effects on moment capacity but a greater effect on local elastic buckling. The developed models can be used to study corrugated steel deck performance under concentrated loads for different parameters.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
1. The document describes a project seminar on parametric study of multi-storey reinforced concrete flat slab structures under seismic effects with varying plan aspect ratios and slenderness ratios.
2. 25 structural models are created with different plan dimensions, aspect ratios ranging from 1-5, and slenderness ratios ranging from 0.48-2.88. Static and dynamic analysis is performed using ETABS software.
3. Results for base shear, storey drift, storey stiffness, natural period, and maximum displacements are obtained and compared across the models to determine limiting aspect and slenderness ratios for seismic safety of the structures.
IRJET- Study on Effective Seismic Retrofitting for High Rise Steel Frame with...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on improving the seismic performance of high-rise steel buildings through different bracing systems. It models a G+8 steel building in different configurations - without bracing and with diagonal, X, and V bracing using angle and tube sections - and analyzes them using STAAD Pro software. The results show that V-bracing reduces maximum nodal displacement, drift displacement, and drift ratio the most compared to other bracing types or no bracing. V-bracing with an angle section performs slightly better than with a tube section of the same area. Overall, the study demonstrates that bracing systems, and V-bracing in particular, significantly improve a steel building's ability to resist seismic
Analysis and Optimum Design for Steel Moment Resisting Frames to Seismic Exci...IJCMESJOURNAL
The essential purpose of this wander is to develop an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) based estimation to multi-storey steel traces for slightest weight of frames. The frames are proposed for contradicting even impact in view of seismic stacking close by gravity forces. Various structural stems are used for restricting seismic (lateral) forces; however steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are considered for the present work. The framework solidifies codal courses of action of IS 800-2007, as needs be gets the edges with perfect weight for in-plane moments with lateral support of beam element. Strength and buckling criteria are considered as direct goals close by side constraints in formulating optimization problem. A Software program is made that uses an interior penalty function (IPF) for weight minimization of two-dimensional moment restricting steel encompassed structures. The program uses MATLAB, performs one dimensional interest, and structural design in an iterative technique. The design cases have exhibited that the proposed estimation gives a beneficial instrument to the practicing fundamental algorithm. The program is associated with 6 and 9 storey (4 bays) moment resisting frames (MRFs). The program showed its capacity of optimizing the largeness of two medium size frames. To get part obliges in frames an examination technique must be associated. In the present work Equivalent Lateral Force framework (ELF) and material nonlinear time history analysis (NTH) are associated and perfect qualities gained from both the examinations are contemplated.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of RCC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using concrete jacketing. The study tested control specimens designed to code standards and retrofitted specimens with concrete jackets added. The specimens were subjected to reverse cyclic loading to examine their performance and lateral load capacity. The concrete jackets were intended to improve seismic performance by increasing strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and connection integrity of the joints. The results provide information on the behavior and effectiveness of reinforced concrete beam-columns strengthened with concrete jacketing under cyclic loading conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Moment Resisting Frames of Steel and Composit...IRJET Journal
This document compares moment resisting frames made of steel composite materials and reinforced concrete (RC) under seismic loading. Four models each of a G+10 and G+20 building were analyzed with ETABS software - two as ordinary moment resisting frames (OMRF) and two as special moment resisting frames (SMRF). Results for steel composite frames showed lower displacement, drift, and shear compared to RC frames, but within acceptable limits. Steel composite structures provide advantages over RC structures such as reduced weight, cost, and faster construction for high-rise buildings.
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of Eccentrically and Concentrically Steel Braced Stee...IRJET Journal
- The document analyzes the seismic performance of eccentrically and concentrically steel braced steel structures through equivalent static analysis in STAAD.Pro.
- Results show that braced structures perform better than unbraced structures, with braced structures experiencing lower lateral displacement and storey drift. Cross braced and concentrically braced frames performed the best with least displacement.
- Braced structures are more effective at resisting seismic loads and dissipating seismic energy compared to unbraced structures. The use of bracing systems improves the lateral stiffness and capacity of steel structures.
1. The document discusses the behavior of reinforced concrete sections subjected to combined flexural moment and axial force.
2. It describes the unified theory for analyzing concrete design, which can develop a single theory to determine stress resultants for various concrete member types, design methods, and codes.
3. The theory unifies the analysis of beams, columns, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete, and different cross-section types by incorporating various stress-strain models.
Seismic Analysis of a High-rise RC Framed Structure with IrregularitiesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on seismic analysis of a 50-story irregular reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure. Various types of structural irregularities were considered, including mass irregularity, vertical geometric irregularity, re-entrant corners, diaphragm discontinuity, and stiffness irregularity. The structure was modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Results showed increased seismic responses like displacement, drift, and period for irregular structures compared to a regular structure. Specifically, the re-entrant corner structure performed worst with highest displacement and drift due to its irregular geometry. Mass irregularity resulted in highest base shear. Stiffness irregularity led to longest period. In conclusion, regular structures performed better than irregular structures under seismic loads
Seismic Analysis of G 10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Wall...ijtsrd
Shear walls are specially designed structural members provided in the multi storey buildings to resist lateral forces. These walls have very high in plane strength and stiffness, which can resist large horizontal forces and can support gravity loads. There are lots of literatures available to design and analyse the shear wall. Ravi Kumar Vishwakarma | Vipin Kumar Tiwari "Seismic Analysis of G+10 Storey Building with Various Locations of Shear Walls using Etabs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43646.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/43646/seismic-analysis-of-g10-storey-building-with-various-locations-of-shear-walls-using-etabs/ravi-kumar-vishwakarma
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Flexural behavior of composite reinforced concrete t beams cast in steel cha...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes an experimental study on the flexural behavior of composite reinforced concrete T-beams with horizontal transverse bars as shear connectors. Three large-scale beam specimens were fabricated, loaded until failure, and their load-deflection responses were measured. Results showed that beams with horizontal bar shear connectors had substantially higher ultimate bending capacity, flexural stiffness, and integrity compared to previous studies using headed stud connectors. The use of horizontal bars as shear connectors provides improved flexural performance of composite concrete beams cast in steel channels.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative Study of Post Tensioned and RCC Flat Slab in Multi-Storey Commerc...IRJET Journal
This document compares post-tensioned flat slabs to reinforced concrete (RCC) flat slabs in multi-story commercial buildings. It finds that post-tensioned flat slabs are more cost effective than RCC slabs. The document reviews literature on flat slab design and seismic behavior. It also presents the benefits of post-tensioning, including larger spans, reduced dead loads, smaller columns and foundations, and the ability to incorporate additional floors in a given building height. Analysis using RAPT and ETABS software indicates that post-tensioned flat slabs require less reinforcing steel, post-tensioning steel, and concrete, resulting in lower overall building costs per square meter compared to RCC slab systems.
Influence of Concrete and Steel Outrigger and Belt Truss in High Rise Moment ...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes 7 models of a 44-story reinforced concrete frame building with different outrigger and belt truss configurations to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing lateral displacement, storey drifts, base shear, and fundamental time periods under wind and earthquake loads.
2. Analysis found that a model with X-braced outriggers was most effective at reducing top storey displacement by 29.21% and maximum story drift by 26.64% compared to the bare frame model without outriggers. A model with a belt truss was also effective, reducing displacement by 34.57% and drift by 30.75%.
3. Steel outriggers provided the least benefit, reducing displacement by only
This document summarizes a thesis analyzing the seismic performance of a 13-story building model with and without shear walls. Two models are considered: a bare frame structure and a shear wall frame structure. Both models are analyzed using ETABS software under wind and earthquake loading conditions in Seismic Zone III. The results show that the shear wall structure performs much better in terms of limiting lateral displacement, storey drift, and increasing stiffness and strength. It is concluded that the shear wall frame structure provides more reliable performance against lateral loads.
This document provides an introduction to the analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the American Concrete Institute building code and the strength design method. It describes different types of loads like dead and live loads. It then gives an overview of common reinforced concrete structural systems like flat plate, beam-column frame, and shear wall systems. Finally, it discusses the basic behavior and properties of structural members like beams, columns, slabs, and walls.
IRJET- Behaviour of Castellated Beam with Coupled StiffenerIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a study on the behavior of castellated beams with coupled stiffeners. A steel I-section beam is selected and analyzed using finite element analysis software.
2) Experimental testing is conducted on beams with two-point loading. The deflection at the beam center and various failure patterns are examined. The goal is to determine if load capacity increases or decreases with an optimized stiffener placed within hexagonal openings.
3) Previous research has looked at shear buckling behavior of web-posts, parametric studies of connections with circular openings, and using topology optimization to design perforated sections. Stiffeners are commonly used to strengthen plates and increase shear and moment resistance.
A Parametric Finite Element Study on Concentrated Load Distribution in Corrug...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a parametric finite element study conducted to analyze the behavior of corrugated steel decks under concentrated loads. Nonlinear 3D finite element models of various corrugated steel deck profiles were created in ANSYS. A parametric study investigated the effects of variables like deck type, steel thickness, span conditions, load location, and load application point on deck strength and behavior. The study found that deck corner radii had relatively small effects on moment capacity but a greater effect on local elastic buckling. The developed models can be used to study corrugated steel deck performance under concentrated loads for different parameters.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
Seismic Retrofitting of a RC Building by Adding Steel Plate Shear WallsIOSR Journals
This paper deals with the step-by-step retrofitting of buildings by using steel plate shear walls
(SPSWs) with the aid of SAP2000 programme. One type of reinforced concrete building is selected for
evaluation. This building represents the most used forms of residential buildings in the Sudan, in terms of
geometric form, and dimensions. This paper uses the equivalent static method provided in the regulations
proposed by the Egyptian Society for Earthquake Engineering. One typical model was selected from the existing
residual buildings in Khartoum city, as a case study. The proposed methodology that has been used to evaluate
the seismic resistance of chosen building is done through the design of the structural elements of the buildings
before and after adding the seismic forces. The retrofitting of building was done by using steel plate shear walls
with thicknesses of 5mm, 7mm and 10mm. From the results obtained, it was found that the use of two additional
SPSWs with 7 mm thickness placed at the internal frame of the existing system, resulted in a reduction of
bending moments in the columns and beams. The increase of thickness has a clear effect on the bending moment
of the columns, but has little effects on the bending moments of the beams.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Dynamic analysis of steel tube structure with bracing systemseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, competition towards rise of tall steel structures made certain factors are compulsory like serviceability and comfort of human relating to lateral loads caused by wind or earthquake. Earthquake is dangerous to the living beings in terms of its effects on manmade structures. Structures like tall buildings are built to resist gravity loads. However many tall buildings are not so resistant in lateral loads due to earthquake so need an improvement in resisting lateral loads. So there are many structural systems which resist lateral loads by varying orientation, addition of different structural systems. Like steel tubular structural system is considered and compared for their results against lateral forces and also by providing mega bracing system and diagrid bracing system. In this dissertation work, four structural systems are considered in which one is framed structure and rest are tubular system with addition of different bracing systems as mega bracing and diagrid bracing system. For the purpose 45 storey steel structure with rectangular plan of dimension 44mx24m uniform throughout the height is considered and analyzed for gravity and lateral loads using ETABS software. Its intention is to obtain the functioning characteristics like displacements, storey shear, time period, frequency, peak displacement and peak acceleration in both x and y direction to get most economical structure in all ways. Results shows that the steel tubular structure with mega bracing system performance is much better than the framed structure, tubular and tubular structure with diagrid bracing system. Keywords: Steel Tube Structure, Mega Bracing, Diagrid Bracing, Dynamic Analysis, ETABS, Time and History Analysis.
STRENGTHENING OF PRECAST BEAM-COLUMN JOINT USING STEEL ENCASEMENTIRJET Journal
This document discusses analytical investigations of strengthening precast beam-column joints subjected to monotonic loading using steel encasement. Two strengthening methods are considered: welding steel plates and angles to the joint, and mounting steel plates and angles using prestressed bars. The study aims to improve structural performance metrics like joint strength, ductility, moment capacity, and deflection. Results will be compared to experimental data on cast in situ joints to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques for precast construction. A beam-column joint is modeled in ANSYS software to analyze the strengthened connections.
Assessment of Methods for Development of Confinement Model of Low Strength Re...IJERA Editor
This document reviews various confinement models for low strength reinforced concrete columns. It discusses several established models from 1971 to 1992 that define stress-strain curves for confined concrete. The models vary in their consideration of factors like concrete strength, transverse reinforcement ratio, and testing methodology. The document concludes that the Mander (1988) and Saatcioglu and Razvi (1992) models are best suited for assessing existing low strength concrete structures due to their wide range of variable consideration and experimental validation.
IRJET-A Comparative Study of RC Column and Composite Column with Flat Slab Sy...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of linear static analysis and construction sequential analysis (CSA) for reinforced concrete (RC) column structures and composite column structures with flat slabs. The analysis is performed using ETABS software for different earthquake zones in India. Results show that CSA provides more accurate results than linear static analysis by considering the staged construction and varying loads. Base shear values from CSA models differ from linear static models by 100-200kN for composite columns. Composite column structures exhibit higher storey stiffness, shorter time periods, and require smaller column sizes compared to RC column structures. In conclusion, CSA should be used for multi-storey buildings to improve analysis accuracy regarding displacements, forces and stresses at different construction
Seismic and progressive collapse mitigation of shear energy dissipation beam ...IRJET Journal
This study analyzed the effect of horizontal energy dissipation beams on the seismic and progressive collapse resistance of dual braced moment frames. Nonlinear dynamic and static analyses were performed on frames with and without energy dissipation beams. The results showed that including energy dissipation beams reduced frame displacement by 3% and base shear by 23% under seismic loading. In progressive collapse analysis, frames with energy dissipation beams exhibited improved resistance when columns were removed, increasing load capacity by up to 15.48% compared to frames without beams. The energy dissipation beams improved the overall seismic and progressive collapse performance of the dual braced moment frames.
1) The document analyzes the behavior of reinforced concrete beams with inclined cantilevers under static loading.
2) Ten beams were tested with variables including cantilever inclination angle (0 to 90 degrees), longitudinal steel ratio (1.24% and 2.48%), and failure mode (diagonal tension or shear-compression).
3) All beams failed in shear. Crack patterns showed diagonal cracks forming between the cantilever and midspan. Longitudinal steel ratio did not affect failure mode. Stirrups were essential to resist shear stresses.
IRJET - Study on Horizontal Curved Bridge – State of Art Literature ReviewIRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on the analysis of horizontally curved prestressed concrete beam bridges. It begins with an abstract describing bridges and the need to better understand behavior of curved box girder bridges. It then reviews 10 research papers on modeling and analyzing curved bridges using finite element analysis. Key findings include that curved bridges experience increased torsion compared to straight bridges, outer webs experience greater deflection, and analysis has been performed using software like SAP, LUSAS, and CSi Bridge. The document provides an overview of the current state of research on curved concrete beam bridges.
CFRP STRENGTHENING OF CIRCULAR CONCRETE SLAB WITH AND WITHOUT OPENINGSIAEME Publication
This paper includes an investigation and experimental testing of R.C circular slabs with and without opening and strengthens with CFRP sheets, CFRP bare, and both. Normal concrete (NC) and self-compacted concrete (SCC) were used to cast the slabs. The experimental part includes testing of fourteen circular slabs divided into four groups having diameter of 1200mm and thickness of 80mm. Three types of strengthening used; the first type is CFRP sheets only, the second type is CFRP bar only, and the third type is the combination of the two types of strengthening (i.e. CFRP sheets and CFRP bar together). The use of CFRP sheets delays the appearance of the cracks by (14.75%-51.76%) compared with slabs without strengthening. The experimental results showed that the opening existence in the slabs without strengthening reduces the ultimate load carrying capacity by (24.98%-27.77%) compared with slab without opening, and the higher reduction in the ultimate load occurs in the slab (S2S2) by (30.55%) which is strengthen with CFRP sheets and contains two square opening.
IRJET - Seismic Analysis of a High Rise Building Provided with Crescent Shape...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story building provided with different types of steel braces, including crescent-shaped braces (CSBs), K-shaped braces, and V-shaped braces. A finite element model of the building was created in ETABS software and dynamic analysis was performed under different ground motions. The maximum displacement and drift were compared for models with the different brace configurations. The results showed that CSBs significantly reduced the seismic response of the building compared to K-shaped and V-shaped braces, with maximum reductions in displacement of around 20% and drift of around 20%. Therefore, the study concluded that CSBs provide more effective seismic resistance than traditional brace types for high-rise buildings.
Static Analysis of RC Box Girder Bridge with skew angles using Finite Element...IRJET Journal
This document presents a static analysis of reinforced concrete box girder bridges with skew angles of 0 and 15 degrees using finite element modeling in SAP2000. The objectives are to study the influence of skew angle on natural frequencies and structural responses like stresses, reactions, and displacements. Bridges are modeled and analyzed for different load cases. Results for joint reactions, base reactions, and stresses are presented and compared between the 0 and 15 degree models. Increasing skew angle is found to increase base reactions. Joint reactions are highest for vertical loads and lowest for parapet walls. The study aims to better understand the behavior and design of skewed bridges.
Time history analysis of braced and unbraced steel StructuresSoumitra Das
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the behavior of braced and unbraced steel structures under earthquake loading through time history analysis. A 10-story steel building was designed and analyzed with no bracing, concentric bracing, and eccentric bracing. Earthquake records from Imperial Valley of varying magnitudes were applied. Results showed that the cross-braced structure experienced the highest bending moments and shear forces at the base of corner columns compared to other bracing types. While the concentric braced structure was found to be safer with smaller displacements, the eccentric braced structure was determined to be the most economical option.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SHEAR-WALL IN CASE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes and optimizes the design of shear walls in a high-rise building using ETABS software. It discusses modeling a 10-story building in ETABS with and without shear walls, and making design adjustments to the shear wall configuration. Results for story displacement and drift are compared between the models. The optimized model with design adjustments to the shear wall configuration showed reductions in story displacement and drift compared to the initial model without shear walls.
Design and Stress Analysis of various cross section of HookIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
CRITICAL REVIEW ON MECHANICAL ANCHORAGE AS REPLACEMENT OF BENT BARrk pandey
In structural concrete, the provisions for anchorage of straight bars and hooks normally present detailing problems due to conjunction of reinforcement bar. Mechanical anchorage device eliminates detailing problems when conjunction of reinforcement bar. This paper represents the various method of mechanical anchorage and past work carried out on mechanical anchorage which shows the effectiveness of mechanical anchorage method over the most commonly used method.
Effect of Perforation in Channel Section for Resistibility against Shear Buck...ijtsrd
1. The document presents a numerical study on the effect of perforations with different hole shapes (circular, elliptical, hexagonal, pentagonal, rhombus) on the shear buckling resistance of channel steel sections.
2. Finite element simulations were performed using ABAQUS to analyze the shear stress, deformation, reaction forces, eigen values/shear forces, and shear buckling coefficients in channel sections with different hole profiles.
3. The results showed that channel sections with hexagonal hole profiles experienced minimum shear stress compared to other hole shapes and sizes. Hexagonal hole profiles also resulted in less deformation. Overall, hexagonal and elliptical hole profiles provided better resistance to shear buckling compared to other
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
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means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
2. Design of Reinforced Concrete Circular Slabs by Two-Way Isotropic Straight Joists
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Therefore, practically the reinforcements of circular slabs are usually provided in two straight
orthogonal directions, as provided for two-way rectangular slabs, from this constructional
view the idea of present paper was appeared.
Two-way joist floor systems, always consist joists spaced at regular intervals in two
perpendicular directions, are generally used for architectural reasons for large rooms or halls.
The joist slabs is known as, ribbed slabs, waffle floors, grid slabs, and coffered floors. The
structural engineers have preferred the ribbed floors, from side of economy for buildings that
have a small live loads and long spans such as hotels, hospitals, and apartment houses [1].
Three major advantages draw attention of designers to use the joist floor; economy of
formwork, exemption of joists from the requirement that stirrups must be provided whenever
the applied shear exceeds 0.5 VC, and the ability of joists to distribute the local over loads to
the adjacent joists batter than the typical beams. The waffle slab can be treated as solid slab,
i.e. all procedures used to analysis the solid slabs can be used to analysis the waffle slabs [1,
2, 3].
In the last three decades the methods which used to analysis the RC structures have been
advanced and based on inelastic considerations that obtained just prior to failure. In the
present study the yield-line theory adopted to analysis the circular slabs. The yield-line theory
is classified as one of the limit design methods that can be used for all types of slabs [4]. The
experimental tests have closely verified that the results of yield-line analysis; it appears that
structural designers may use this method with confidence, where the calculated load usually
underestimates the actual results [2]. Also the slabs always designed under reinforced section,
thus the steel reaches its yield-stress before the slab reaches its ultimate strength which gives
adequate warning before failure.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Timoshenko and Woinowsky [5] have driven equations of deflection, radial moments, and
tangential moments of circular plates, clamp and simply supported edges, under axisymmetric
uniformly distributed load. Their work was according to the Small Deflection Theory. Wang
et al. [6] devoted their study to investigate the behavior of circular plates. The analysis had
been done utilizing direct displacement method. Several examples have been performed by
authors to test the proposed method. Hayder [7] used the yield line theory to obtain the
optimal design parameters of orthotropic rectangular RC simply supported slabs. Uniform
distributed load considered in this study. The results of study showed a linear relationship
between the perimeter and the optimal thickness of square slabs. Alaa and Zainab [8]
presented a computer program to analysis and design the rectangular RC two-way waffle
slabs. Their work focused to obtain the optimal design of RC two-way joist slabs. The
research includes two cases; two-way joist slabs with solid heads, and two-way joist slab with
band beams among columns centerlines. Hayder [9] presented analytical study includes the
effects of compressive strength of concrete, yield strength of steel, and thickness of two-way
solid slabs on the required area of reinforcements. Akinyele and Alade [10] introduce a new
procedure to analysis the pre-cast waffle slab utilizing yield line theory. Their study focused
on the effect of slab portion on the overall strength of pre-cast waffle slabs. The results proved
that the presented program, which depended on the yield line theory, can be used to analyze
this type of slabs. Naziya and Chitra [11] investigated three available methods (Rankine-
Grashoff method, plate theory, and stiffness method) for analyzing the joist floor system. A
comparison was presented among the results of these methods, such as bending moments and
shear forces. The results have proven that the stiffness method represents the more accurate
and suitable method than the other studied methods. Reviewing of the previous works
3. Hayder M.K. Al-Mutairee
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appeared clearly that the researchers, designers, and engineers don’t deal or perform the
straight joist in the field of circular slabs that proves the novelty of this research.
3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN STEPS OF PRESENT METHOD
3.1. General
Due to difficulty of providing tangential and circumference reinforcements for circular slabs,
the engineers tends to perform straight perpendicular reinforcements to facility the technical
staff job and to reduce the work hours of construction this type of slabs. Hence, the major idea
of this paper is focused for providing straight perpendicular ribs.
3.2. Assumptions
The following assumptions are required to perform the derivations of equations.
Edge ring beam must be provided, and the effect of its torsional strength on the discontinuous
RC circular slab neglected.
The strength of ribs represents the total strength of circular slab, i.e. the strength of slab that
generated due to shrinkage reinforcements neglected.
Isotropic ribs will be used and uniform distributed load is considered, thus the value of
resisting moments will be constant at any angle.
Constant bottom reinforcement must be provided along the span.
The negative reinforcements at clamped edge should be uniformly distributed.
It is useful to imagine the ribs as reinforcements distributed uniformly in two perpendicular
directions.
The negative moment is equal to the positive moment.
3.3. Moment-Load Relationship
When apply the principles of virtual work of yield line theory for RC circular two-way ribbed
slab of discontinuous and continuous edge, which shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2, the following
equations can be obtained respectively:
(1)
(2)
3.4. Design Equations
3.4.1. General Variables
The following variables are required in design the positive and negative reinforcements.Eq.4
selected here, from ACI-Code [12], because it is usually controlled according to the popular
loads that used in building.
[ ( ) ( )] (3)
( ) (4)
(5)
4. Design of Reinforced Concrete Circular Slabs by Two-Way Isotropic Straight Joists
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(a) Top View
(b) Section in Two-Way Ribbed Slab
Figure 1 Discontinuous Edge RC Circular Two-Way Ribbed Slab
3.4.2. Equations of Bottom Reinforcement of Ribs (Positive Reinforcement)
The bottom reinforcement must be provided for discontinuous or continuous two-way RC
ribbed circular slabs. The section of rib at positive region (mid-span) analyzes as a rectangular
section or T-section according to the geometry of ribs and the applied moment.
Figure 2 Top View of Continuous RC Circular Two-Way Ribbed Slab
5. Hayder M.K. Al-Mutairee
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3.4.2.1. Equations of Rectangular Section
Here the depth of stress block is less than or equal to the depth of flange, this is achieved in
RC circular two-way ribbed slabs if the radius of slab R is less or equal to the variable H1, as
shown in Eq.6, where H1 can be calculated by Eq.7. The positive ratio of reinforcement which
required for computing the positive reinforcement as detailed in Eq.8, while the positive area
of reinforcement (bottom reinforcement) for one rib can be calculated by Eq.9.
(Rectangular Section) (6)
[ ( ) ] (7)
[ ( ( ) ( ) ) ] (8)
(9)
The parameter H2 in Eq.7 equals to 5.1 and 10.2, while the parameter H3 in Eq.8 equals to
283.3 and 141.7 for discontinuous and continuous RC circular two-way ribbed slabs
respectively.
3.4.2.2. Equations of T-Section
The survey analysis proved that when the radius of slab R is larger than the variable H1 the
depth of stress block will be larger than the depth of flange and the section must be analyzed
as T-section. The following equations are required to design the positive region of ribs in this
type of slabs.
(T- Section) (10)
( ) (11)
* ( ( ))+ (12)
(13)
The parameter H4 in Eq.12 equals to 166.7 and 83.8 for discontinuous and continuous RC
circular two-way ribbed slabs respectively.
3.4.3. Equations of Top Reinforcement of Ribs (Negative Reinforcement)
The top reinforcement must be provided for continuous two-way RC ribbed circular slabs.
The section of rib at negative region (support) analyzes as a rectangular section of width equal
to the width of rib (bw).
[ ( ( ) ) ] (14)
(15)
3.4.4. Equation of Shear Force
To avoid providing shear reinforcement in the ribs the shear strength Eq.16, should be larger
than the applied shear, Eq.17, thus Eq.18 has been derived depending on this concept.
Therefore if Eq.18 satisfied the shear reinforcement will not be provided, [12].
6. Design of Reinforced Concrete Circular Slabs by Two-Way Isotropic Straight Joists
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√ (16)
( ) (17)
(
√
) (18)
3.4.5. Deflection Equations
This paragraph conducts to compute the maximum deflection of RC circular two-way ribbed
slabs that occurred usually at the center of slab when uniformly distributed load has been
applied. The deflection can be computed by using Eq.19 and Eq.20 for simply supported
(discontinuous) and clamped (continuous) circular slab respectively, [13]. The flexural
rigidity (Dr) in Eq.19 and Eq.20 is derived according to the geometry of ribbed slab, as
defined in Eq.21. The effective moment of inertia and the cracking moment are defined by
Eq.22 and Eq.23 respectively [12].
The gross moment of inertia of one rib (Ig) at mid-span has been derived, as defined in
Eq.24. The cracking moment of inertia (Icr) at mid-span can be calculated either by Eq.26 or
Eq.29 depending on the location of neutral axis (NA); if the location of NA is within flange
(M1M2) then Eq.26 controlled else Eq.29 will be controlled. While Icr of ribs at edges of
continuous slab, are defined in Eq.35.
( )
( )
(19)
(20)
( )
(21)
( ) [ ( ) ] (22)
(23)
[ ̅ ( )(̅ ) ( ̅) ] (24)
̅
( )
( )
(25)
( ) . (26)
√ (27)
(28)
( )
( ) … (29)
( √ ) (30)
( ) (31)
( ) (32)
7. Hayder M.K. Al-Mutairee
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(33)
( ) (34)
( ) ( ) ( ) (35)
( √ ) (36)
( ) … (37)
( ) ( ) (38)
3.5. Illustration Example
Design RC circular continuous roof by two-way perpendicular straight ribs, the radius of slab
is equal to 7.65m, take =20 MPa, =400 MPa, db=16mm, Lc=750mm, bw=200mm,
h=550mm, hf=70mm, Wd2=3.6kN/m2
, Wl=2kN/m2
. Check the deflection of roof if it is
supporting to non-structural elements not likely to be damaged by large deflections, assume
30% of live load sustained, . This example represents an actual case designed by author
in 2012, as shown in Fig.3.
Solution:
Check the geometry of ribs, [12]:
bw 100mm (o.k.), h 3.5bw (o.k.), Lc 750mm (o.k.), and hf max.(Lc/12,50mm)70mm
62.5mm (o.k.), all conditions are satisfied.
Compute the total load and moments:
Wd1 = 6.15 kN/m2
(Eq.3), Wd2 = 3.6 kN/m2
[9], Wu = 14.9 kN/m2
(Eq.4), m+
= m-
m+
= m-
=
= 72.67 kN.m/m (Eq.2).
Computation of bottom reinforcement:
(Eq.5)
Assume , from Eq.7 (Eq.6)
From(Eq.8), ( ) o.k.
( ) o.k.
( )
(Eq.9)(Use 2bars of 16mm)
Computation of top reinforcement:
[ ( ( ) ) ] (Eq.14)
o.k.
( )
(Eq.15)(Use 2bars of 16mm)
8. Design of Reinforced Concrete Circular Slabs by Two-Way Isotropic Straight Joists
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Check the shear requirements:
(
√
), (Eq.18) shear reinforcement not required
Check deflection:
a-Ie at mid-span; ( )
̅
√ ( )
( ) ( )
( )
b-Ie at support;
̅
√ ( )
( ) ( )
( ) .
c- ( ) ( )
d-
√
( )
e- ( )
( )
( )
( )
̅
( )
( )
( ) ( )
4. CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of analytical investigation and practical observation one can be
concluded the following points:
The present new procedure represents an efficient, simple, and applicable method can be used
to design the circular RC slabs.
Under the popular live loads the cross-section at mid-span of the ribs of continuous RC
circular slabs worked as rectangular section (i.e. the NA located within the flange) even when
the radius of slab is large.
9. Hayder M.K. Al-Mutairee
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The practical application is proved an excellent performance of circular RC slab which
designed by this procedure (perpendicular straight ribs).
Fig. 3. Continuous RC Circular Two-Way Ribbed Slab, College of Dentist/University of Babylon,
Designed by Author in 2012
APPENDIX A: NOTATION
a Depth of stress block, mm
As+
Bottom area of reinforcement of rib (required), mm2
/rib
As-
Top area of reinforcement of rib (required), mm2
/rib
Bottom area of reinforcement of rib (provided), mm2
/rib
Top area of reinforcement of rib (provided), mm2
/rib
bw Width of rib, mm
Dr Flexural rigidity, kN.m/m
d Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, mm
db Nominal diameter bar, mm
Ec Modulus of elasticity of concrete, √ (ACI-Code), N/mm2
Es Modulus of elasticity of steel, N/mm2
Specified compressive strength of concrete, cylinder test, N/mm2
fr Modulus of rupture of concrete, √ (ACI-Code), N/mm2
fy Specified yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement, N/mm2
h Total depth of rib, mm
hf Thickness of top slab, mm
Icr Moment of inertia of cracked transformed section of rib, mm4
Ie Effective moment of inertia of one rib, mm4
Ig Moment of inertia of gross uncrackedconcrete section of rib, mm4
Lc Clear dimension between ribs, mm
Lr Dimension between center lines of ribs, mm
Ma Maximum moment due to service loads at stage deflection is calculated, kN.m/rib
Mcr Cracking moment, kN.m/rib
M1 Moment of compression area, cracked section, mm3
M2 Moment of tension area, cracked section, mm3
m+
Internal ultimate resisting moment (positive), kN.m/m
m-
Internal ultimate resisting moment (negative), kN.m/m
10. Design of Reinforced Concrete Circular Slabs by Two-Way Isotropic Straight Joists
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n Modular ration Es/Ec
R Radius of circular two-way ribbed slab, m
Vc Shear strength of concrete, kN
Distance from centriodal axis of cracked section to compression face, mm
̅ Distance from centriodal axis of gross section to compression face, mm
yt Distance from centriodal axis of gross section to tension face, neglecting
reinforcement, mm
W Service uniformly distributed total load, kN/m2
Wd1 Service self-weight dead load, kN/m2
Wd2 Service super imposed dead load, kN/m2
Wl Service live load, kN/m2
Wu Factored uniformly distributed total load, kN/m2
c Density of reinforced concrete, taken as 24.5 kN/m3
Immediate deflection, mm
Maximum deflection at center of circular slab, mm
Long term deflection, mm
Poisson's ratio
Ratio of As+
to Lrd ( or to bwd)
Ratio of As-
to bwd
̅ Ratio of compression reinforcement at mid-span
Time dependet factor sustained losd
Strength reduction factor
Multiplier for additional long term deflection, ACI-Code
REFERENCES
[1] Nilson AH, Winter G. Design of Concrete Structures: McGraw-Hill Education; 1991.
[2] Ferguson PM, Breen JE, Jirsa JO. Reinforced concrete fundamentals: Wiley New York; 1973.
[3] Raju NK. Advanced reinforced concrete design: CBS; 1986.
[4] Nilson AH, Darwin D, Dolan CW. Design of concrete structures: McGraw-Hill Higher Education;
2010.
[5] Timoshenko SP, Woinowsky-Krieger S. Theory of plates and shells: McGraw-hill; 1959.
[6] Yun W, Rongqiao X, Haojiang D. Three-dimensional solution of axisymmetric bending of
functionally graded circular plates. Composite Structures. 2010;92:1683-93.
[7] Al-Mutairee HMK. Optimal design of rectangular, simply supported edges, orthotropic reinforced
concrete two-way slabs. The Iraqi Journal For Mechanical And Material Engineering. 2010:42-56.
[8] Galeb AC, Atiyah ZF. Optimum design of reinforced concrete waffle slabs. International Journal of
Civil and Structural Engineering. 2011;1:862.
[9] Al-Mutairee HMK. Design Parameters Effects on the Required Steel Areas of Two-Way Slabs.
Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences. 2013;21:441-57.
[10] Akinyele J, Alade G. Application of yield line theory in pre-cast waffle slab. Nigerian Journal of
Technology. 2014; 33:27-32.
[11] Ghanchi N, Chitra V. Waffle slab-analysis by different methods. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2014; 5:71-4.
[12] 318 AC, Poston RW, Institute AC. ACI 318M-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete and Commentary (print/pdf Edition): American Concrete Institute; 2015.
[13] Ventsel E, Krauthammer T. Thin plates and shells: Marcel Dekker New York; 2001.