harbour-160808044336.ppt

HARBOUR INTRODUCTION
• Harbour:
• A harbour may be natural or partly dug out, or even made with
floating materials. It doesn't have gates, but may have a narrow
entrance.
• Provides safe anchoring or mooring for ships
• Dock : A dock is dug out and usually has gates so that the water
level is kept up even though the tide has gone out.
• A dock is for mooring ships for cargo or passenger exchange, or
sometimes repair.
• A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or
more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or
from land.

•FEATURES OF A HARBOR:
1. Entrance Channels
2. Berthing Basin
3. Break Water
4. Turning Basin
5. Pier Head
6. Wharves
7. Jetties

ENTRANCE CHANNEL:
• Depth and width are kept more at entrance
• Width depends upon density of traffic and no: of entrances

BERTHING AND TURNING BASINS:
• Berthing basins are used for the parking of ships
• While turning for the turning of ships

BREAK WATER:
• The structure constructed to protect harbor from storm waves
• They are generally stone masonry

CLASSIFICATION:
•Based on formation:
1. NATURAL HARBOUR
2. SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR
3. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR

NATURAL HARBOURS:
• A harbor, is a place where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter
from stormy weather.

POOLE-EUROPE’S BIGGEST
NATURAL HARBOUR

•SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR:
Same as natural but harbour needs some artificial
and man made construction

•ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR:
Harbour having no natural protection but artificial
arrangement are made to protect the harbour from storm and wind.

• REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD HARBOR:
• The depth of a harbor should be sufficient for every type of
visiting ships.
• The bottom of harbor should provide secured anchorage to
hold the ships against high winds.
• To prevent destructive wave action, break water are
provided.
• The entrance of a harbor should be wide enough to provide
the easy passage of ships.

•DEFECTS IN HARBOR:
• Depth of water is found insufficient for different ships.
• The size of harbor is found insufficient to accommodate the
increased traffic.
• Obstruction
• These defects can easily be avoided at the time of planning and
designing.

•SIZE OF A HARBOUR
Size depends upon:
# of ships
 length:275m-300m
 width:30m

•HARBOUR PLANNING
 It should be carried out after collecting necessary
information of the existing features at the proposed
site.
 Following important facts should be studied.

A thorough survey of the neighborhood including the
foreshore & depths of water is necessary
Nature of a harbor wether sheltered or not, be studied
The existance of sea insects & various animals residing
at site.

Natural phenomena’s concerning planning of a
harbour are:
Storms
Rainfall
Range of tides
Maximum & minimum temperatures
Direction & intensity of wind etc

•SITE SELECTION:
• Following factors play a great role in the
choice of site of a harbour.
• 1.Availability of cheap land & contruction material.
• 2.Natural protection from waves & winds
• 3.transport & communication facilities
• 4.industrial development of the locality

• 5.Sea bed,sub soil & foundation conditions
• 6.Avaibility of electrical energy
• 7.Defence & strategic aspects
• 8.trafic potentiality of harbour

•FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION:
1. HARBOR OF REFUGE
2. COMMERCIAL HARBOR
3. FISHRY HARBOR
4. MILLITARY HARBOR OR NAVEL BASE

•HARBOR OF REFUGE:
The harbor used for ships in storms or emergency
condition.
good anchorage and safe and easy access from the sea.
e.g: DOVER IN ENGLAND

COMMERCIAL HARBOR:
Facilities for loading and unloading of cargo are
provided.
The may be:
1. Part of bigger complex harbor
2. Independent unit or single commodity
harbor.
3. Terminal as oil terminal, coal port.

•FISHRY HARBOR:
Provided for fishing crafts and
trawlers.

•MILLITARY HARBOR:
This harbor is meant for accommodating naval crafts and
serves as a supply deport.
The layout of this type of harbor is greatly influenced by its
location.

• PIER HEAD:
• The structure provided at the tip of break water
• Such as light house

• WHARVES:
• The structure constructed parallel to the shore or break water, having wide plate
form at the top
• Function is to permit berthing of vessel along side for cargo working

• JETTIES:
• Same as wharves
• Used for loading and unloading of cargo
• Made usually from shore towards sea water to prevent silting and dredging to
allow free flow of tidal currents

•DOCK:
• A dock is dug out and usually has gates so that the water level is kept up even
though the tide has gone out.
• A dock is for mooring ships for cargo or passenger exchange, or sometimes repair.

•HARBOR:
• A harbour may be natural or partly dug out, or even made with floating materials.
It doesn't have gates, but may have a narrow entrance.
• Provides safe anchoring or mooring for ships

•PORTS:
• A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where
ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land.

harbour-160808044336.ppt

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