E waste Management

E Waste Management
By Abhinav Anand
Ankit Kumar
Nayanmoni Baisya
Rishav Kedia

What is E-Waste ?
E-waste is the term used to cover all items of electrical and
electronic equipment (EEE) and its parts that have been discarded
by its owner as waste without the intent of re-use. It is also referred
to as WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), electronic
waste or e-scrap in different regions.
As per the Indian e-Waste Management Handling rule 2015 (under
drafting)
'E-waste' means waste electrical and electronic equipment whole or
in part or rejects from their manufacturing, refurbishment and repair
process which are intended to be discarded as waste.

Broad classification of EEE & hence E-Waste

E Waste Composition
Monitors 10%
Television 10%
Computers,
Televisions, Fax,
Printers etc.
15%
DVD/VCR Player,
CD Player, Radio
etc.
15%
Refrigerators 20%
Washing Machine,
Dryers, AC,
Vacuum Cleaners
etc.
30%

Is e-waste hazardous?
 E-waste in itself is not hazardous. However, the hazardous constituents present
in the e-waste render it hazardous when such wastes are dismantled and
processed, since it is only at this stage that they pose hazard to health and
environment.

Components Constituents Affected body parts
Printed Circuit boards Lead and cadmium Nervous system, kidney, lever
Motherboards Beryllium Lungs, skin
Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) Lead oxide, barium and cadmium Heart, lever, muscles
Switches and flat-screen Mercury Brain, skin
Computer batteries Cadmium Kidney, lever
Capacitors and transformers
Printed circuit boards, plastic
Cable insulation/coating
Plastic housing
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Brominated flame-retardant casings cable
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Bromine
Immune system
Endocrine

Worldwide disposal of E-Waste
 As per UNU (United Nation University) report, the global quantity of e-waste
generation in 2014 was around 41.8 Mt. In 2014, approximately 4 billion people
were covered by national e-waste legislation, though legislation does not
necessarily come together with enforcement. Driven by these national laws,
around 6.5 Mt of e-waste was reported as formally treated by national take-back
systems (Scenario 1).

Global generation of e-waste
 The global quantity of e-waste in
2014 is comprised of 1.0 Mt lamps,
3.0 Mt of Small IT, 6.3 Mt of screens
and monitors, 7.0 Mt of temperature
exchange equipment (cooling and
freezing equipment), 11.8 Mt large
equipment, and 12.8 Mt of small
equipment. The amount of e-waste
is expected to grow to 49.8 Mt in
2018, with an annual growth rate of
4 to 5 per cent.

E-Waste Generation per continent and per inhabitant (inh.)
Continent Generated e waste quantity E waste per inhabitant
Asia 16 Mt 3.7kg/inh
Europe 11.6 Mt 15.6kg/inh
America 11.7 Mt 12.2kg/inh
Africa 1.9 Mt 1.7kg/inh
Oceania 0.6 Mt 15.2 kg/inh
• As per data collected by UNU in 2014
• From the data, it is evident that developed nations are the major contributor in the global e waste
generation. Asia is at the top of the list when it comes to total e waste generation and Europe has
the highest quantity of e waste per inhabitant.

Opportunities for e-waste
 EEE contains various materials including hazardous, valuable and scarce metals.
Common hazardous materials found in e-waste are: heavy metals (such as
mercury, lead, cadmium etc.) and hazardous materials, e-waste also contains
many valuable materials (such as iron, copper, aluminum and plastics) and
precious metals (like gold, silver, platinum and palladium) that can be recycled. In
fact, up to 60 elements from the periodic table can be found in complex
electronics, and many of them are recoverable, though it is not always economic
to do so presently. From the resource perspective, e-waste is a potential “urban
mine” that could provide a great amount of secondary resources for
remanufacture, refurbishment and recycling.

Indian scenario
 As per UN report 2014
India is the fifth biggest producer of e-waste in the world, discarding
1.7 million tones (Mt) of electronic and electrical equipment. Most e-
waste in the world was generated in Asia at 16 Mt or 3.7 kg per
inhabitant.
 The top three Asian nations with the highest e-waste generation in
absolute quantities are China (6.0 Mt), Japan (2.2 Mt) and India (1.7 Mt).

How is it handled currently in India & across the world?
Around 90% of the e-waste generated in India are handled by the informal sectors
Incineration & Landfilling are used currently for majority of e waste
Incineration: E waste are destroyed by burning, produces harmful gases
Landfilling: Often leads to leakage, contaminate water and soil
Developed countries dump e waste into developing countries
Very less percentage of e waste is recycled

E-waste regulations in India
Producer is responsible for creating awareness and Implementation of take back system.
Collection centers should be authorize by pollution control board to collect e waste and to ensure that the
facilities are in accordance with the standards or guidelines prescribed by CPCB and e waste is handled in
environment friendly manner.
Bulk Consumers need to ensure that generated e waste by them is channelized to collection centers.
Dismantler and recycler need to take authorization by pollution control board. All the process and residue
should be handled in environment friendly manner.
All are required to maintain the record of e waste generated and handled. State pollution control board
plays a important role.

As per CPCB, No. of registered Recyclers/Dismantlers (As on Nov. 2014)
State No. of registered recyclers
Andhra Pradesh 2
Chhattisgarh 1
Gujrat 7
Haryana 13
Karnataka 52
Maharashtra 22
Madhya Pradesh 2
Rajasthan 9
Tamil Nadu 14
Uttar Pradesh 11
Uttarakhand 4
West Bengal 1
Total = 138

Recycling Process
• Consume discard the
electronics goods
• E waste is collected by
formal or informal players
• Reverse Logistics: when
goods are returned from
consumer to producer
• In this stage segregation
is done based on the
components
• Materials are then
shredded to less than
150 mm
• Devices are segregated
based on type of goods
• Different process for
different type of device
Manual dismantling of
devices
• Smart technologies are used, which separates
waste into wire, metals, circuitry and plastics
• 90% of e waste can be recycled
• Recycled material
is sold for
manufacturing of
new products • Separates iron material
• Separates Other metals
• Separates Heavy Material
• Consumer buys the
new goods and cycle
keeps on happening
Segregation of devices Dismantling
Segregation
Shredding
Magnetic separator
Eddy Current separator
Density Separator
Selling recycled material
Collection

Product Life Cycle
Everything we use goes
through a life cycle, and each
stage of the life cycle has
environmental impacts,
including climate change.

Reuse of Functional Electronics
Refurbishment and Repair of Electronics
Reuse & Recovery of Electronic Components
End Processing for Recovering Metals
Disposal of Remaining Products
End of Life
Options for
E-waste

Expected Life Cycle
Life Expectancy of
Electronic Devices are
lately getting shorter
thus more E-Waste is
being produced every
year.

IIT Guwahati’s Scenario
 As per the institute’s policy the systems in the computer center or the
departmental computer lab are replaced after an average period of 5 years.
 The Institute follows buyback policy, under which the selected vendor
provides an appropriate amount for the old computers, which has exceeded
the service period and has to be replaced with the new ones. The amount is
either compensated in the price for the new systems or is collected
separately.
 If someone from the staff community wants to keep his computer for personal
use or for his family member then they can do that by informing the
maintenance section and paying the same amount to the vendors directly.

PO No S&P/CC-69/1401/2013-2014 Dt. 26.02.2014
/ 3009
Quantity
Total Total PC Supplied 104
Total Buy Back PC from IITG 9
PO No S&P/CC-69/1402/2013-2014 Dt.26.02.2014
/ 3010
Quantity
Total Total PC Supplied 232
Total Buy Back PC from IITG 232
• As per the data provided by BMG Informatics, the selected vendor for the year 2014:


• As per the data provided by BMG Informatics, the selected vendor for the year 2014:
Total No of Buy BACK PCs 241
Total no pc sold or Given as Gift ( approx. ) 170
Total no of PC used for Internal Office Use 10
Total no of PC or Its Spare used for AMC Support 30
Total no of PC not in Usable Condition ( at OUR office) 21
PC couldn’t be collected from IITG 10

 Major problems currently being faced or which might occur in the coming
future are:
 Storage and Disposal of hard drives, CD’s, etc. which contains confidential data
and cannot be handed over to anyone.
 Solution:
 Use of Shredders
 Hire some other organization to take care of such waste in presence of IIT official
 Since our IIT is not that old so amount of such type of waste is less and can be
stored easily.

References
 United Nation’s University report 2014
 http://i.unu.edu/media/unu.edu/news/52624/UNU-1stGlobal-E-Waste-Monitor-
2014-small.pdf
 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
 www.cpcb.nic.in
 EFY Magazine’s report on E-Waste management in India
 www.globalewastemanagement.com/contents/article/E-waste-India.pdf
 www.google.com

E waste Management

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