Electronic waste is a rapidly growing problem as obsolete electronics are discarded. India generates around 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to increase substantially. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe practices like open burning and acid baths, releasing toxic materials into the environment. Proper e-waste management and regulations are needed to promote recycling and reduce environmental contamination from this growing waste stream.
Today we all are surrounded by huge pollution.They are ready to attack us all together in the form of Air-pollution,water-pollution,sound-pollution etc.Electronic wastes are one of them which are dominating our lives and livings.If it is ignored or under-estimated now then it will be too late for our future generations to get control over it.So we should come all together in a wrestling ring against these pollutions and kick them away from our environment and eco-system.
E – waste presentation for project work by Jaitrix PrakashJai Prakash
E – Waste Management includes the following activities
Collection of E-Waste
Sorting of E-Waste
Processing of E-Waste
Repairing of E-Waste
Recycling
Dismantling
Component Recovery from E-Waste
Residual Disposal of E-Waste
E-waste refers to obsolete, broken, or discarded electrical or electronic devices. The document discusses the sources, composition, impacts, and proper disposal of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Improper disposal of e-waste through landfilling or incineration can pollute the environment and harm human health. Recycling e-waste helps reduce these impacts and recover valuable materials. Individual actions like recycling old electronics can help address the growing problem of e-waste.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) in India, including the problems caused by improper management and recycling of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing and most toxic waste streams. Large amounts of e-waste are generated each year in India, much of which is handled by informal recycling sectors that expose workers and the environment to harmful toxins. The document calls for improved government regulation, industry responsibility, and public awareness to address the challenges of e-waste in India.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It defines e-waste as waste from electronic items like computers and cell phones. E-waste is generated from sources like IT equipment, households, and medical devices. Improper disposal of e-waste can contaminate groundwater and release toxic heavy metals that pose health risks. The document outlines roles for governments, industries, and citizens in managing e-waste through inventory control, waste minimization, recovery, and proper disposal.
The following PPT is about E Waste and its threat that India is facing. Since today the use of electronic goods have been increasing at a very high rate but at the same time waste of such electronics goods is also increasing. These waste cannot be dumped and the following PPT deals with the problems that we are going to face.
e waste and its management.
E-waste is electronic products that are unwanted, not working, and nearing or at the end of their “useful life.” Computers, televisions etc.
Today we all are surrounded by huge pollution.They are ready to attack us all together in the form of Air-pollution,water-pollution,sound-pollution etc.Electronic wastes are one of them which are dominating our lives and livings.If it is ignored or under-estimated now then it will be too late for our future generations to get control over it.So we should come all together in a wrestling ring against these pollutions and kick them away from our environment and eco-system.
E – waste presentation for project work by Jaitrix PrakashJai Prakash
E – Waste Management includes the following activities
Collection of E-Waste
Sorting of E-Waste
Processing of E-Waste
Repairing of E-Waste
Recycling
Dismantling
Component Recovery from E-Waste
Residual Disposal of E-Waste
E-waste refers to obsolete, broken, or discarded electrical or electronic devices. The document discusses the sources, composition, impacts, and proper disposal of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Improper disposal of e-waste through landfilling or incineration can pollute the environment and harm human health. Recycling e-waste helps reduce these impacts and recover valuable materials. Individual actions like recycling old electronics can help address the growing problem of e-waste.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) in India, including the problems caused by improper management and recycling of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing and most toxic waste streams. Large amounts of e-waste are generated each year in India, much of which is handled by informal recycling sectors that expose workers and the environment to harmful toxins. The document calls for improved government regulation, industry responsibility, and public awareness to address the challenges of e-waste in India.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It defines e-waste as waste from electronic items like computers and cell phones. E-waste is generated from sources like IT equipment, households, and medical devices. Improper disposal of e-waste can contaminate groundwater and release toxic heavy metals that pose health risks. The document outlines roles for governments, industries, and citizens in managing e-waste through inventory control, waste minimization, recovery, and proper disposal.
The following PPT is about E Waste and its threat that India is facing. Since today the use of electronic goods have been increasing at a very high rate but at the same time waste of such electronics goods is also increasing. These waste cannot be dumped and the following PPT deals with the problems that we are going to face.
e waste and its management.
E-waste is electronic products that are unwanted, not working, and nearing or at the end of their “useful life.” Computers, televisions etc.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), its sources and characteristics. It notes that e-waste is the fastest growing waste stream and is composed of both valuable and hazardous materials. The document outlines the Indian e-waste scenario, noting that e-waste generation is expected to significantly increase by 2020 and that most e-waste management is currently unorganized. It concludes by stressing the need for a national e-waste policy and framework in India to properly manage increasing e-waste in an environmentally sound manner.
This document discusses e-waste, its effects on the environment, and management strategies. It defines e-waste as electronic and electric products nearing the end of their usable life. E-waste comes from sources like IT equipment, appliances, consumer devices, and medical equipment. When improperly disposed, e-waste releases toxic heavy metals like lead, chromium, cadmium, and mercury that can damage human health and the environment. Effective e-waste management requires efforts from governments, industries, and citizens to implement regulations, reduce waste, encourage recycling and reuse, and make more sustainable product choices.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It begins by defining e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. It then notes that 50 million tons of e-waste are produced annually, much of which is improperly disposed of. The document outlines the various sources of e-waste and how electronics become waste. It also describes the toxic constituents in e-waste and their environmental and health impacts if not handled properly. Current e-waste disposal and recycling practices are discussed, along with their advantages and challenges. The conclusion emphasizes the need for safer e-waste management and increased awareness.
E-waste refers to electronic products that are near or at the end of their useful life. It contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can harm the environment and human health. The amount of e-waste is increasing rapidly as electronics usage grows. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe methods. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, recycling, and treatment to safely handle toxins. The government is working with organizations and implementing regulations, but increased awareness and producer responsibility are still needed to address this challenging waste stream.
The document discusses electrical and electronic waste (e-waste). It provides information on the sources of e-waste including individual households, businesses, manufacturers/retailers, imports, and the secondary market. It describes the categories of e-waste and the major components. The document also addresses the generation of e-waste in India, the associated environmental and health hazards of improper e-waste disposal, and the opportunities for recycling e-waste to recover valuable materials and promote green jobs.
E-waste is a growing problem due to the rapid obsolescence of electronics. It contains hazardous materials like lead that can pollute the environment if not disposed of properly. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector and subject to unsafe practices like open burning and dumping. The formal sector only recycles 5% of e-waste. The government has introduced rules to promote safe and formal recycling, but more enforcement is still needed. Proper e-waste management requires cooperation between producers, government, and public to improve awareness, collection, and recycling.
E-waste, or electronic waste, refers to discarded electrical or electronic devices. It is the world's fastest growing waste stream and poses environmental and health risks if not disposed of properly. The amount of e-waste in India is rapidly increasing as industries like IT and telecommunications grow and consumers replace electronics more frequently. Improper recycling of e-waste can release toxic chemicals like lead, beryllium, and mercury into the environment and harm workers who dismantle devices without protection. There is a need for better e-waste collection systems and management in India to deal with rising quantities and reduce environmental pollution and health impacts.
The document proposes establishing a business to extract precious metals from e-waste in India. It summarizes that India produces 3 million tons of e-waste annually, which is increasing by 20% each year and contains 5% precious metals. It outlines plans to collect, dismantle, separate and recover materials from e-waste using an automated electronic scrap recycling system to produce high purity metals, with an expected annual profit of 12 lakh rupees.
E-waste or electronic waste refers to old, end-of-life electronics that are discarded. India generates around 0.8 million tons of e-waste annually, which is growing by 10% each year. E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury and needs to be properly managed to avoid environmental pollution and health impacts. Common approaches to managing e-waste include reuse, refurbishment, material recovery through formal recycling, and environmentally-sound disposal. However, in India much of the e-waste is handled by the informal sector, which recovers valuable materials but can also lead to environmental and health issues due to unsafe practices. Improved regulations, take-back programs, and awareness
This document discusses e-waste, including its generation sources, composition, impacts, and management. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, arsenic, that can harm human health and the environment if improperly disposed. It provides statistics on e-waste generation in India and discusses challenges in management. Solutions proposed include the E-Waste Rules to regulate producers' responsibilities and formalize collection, dismantling, and recycling activities to protect workers and the environment.
E-waste refers to improperly disposed electronics. Rapid development of new electronics and disposal of old ones has created a large problem, as recycling in places like rural China leads to toxic materials seeping into the environment. One example is Guiyu, China, which has become a center for e-waste recycling, with waste recycling areas being a focal point for toxic poisoning impacting human development and the surrounding environment. Toxins from e-waste like lead, cadmium, mercury, and plastics contaminate water and land, threatening human health and the environment. Efforts are underway to combat e-waste dumping internationally and reduce e-waste through individual actions like recycling electronics and purchasing less toxic devices.
E-waste consists of discarded electronic items like computers, printers, and cell phones. It is one of the fastest growing waste streams worldwide. Sources of e-waste include the private sector, government offices, hospitals, and homes. If not properly managed, e-waste poses health and environmental risks due to toxic materials. Legislation in countries like India and the US aim to increase e-waste recycling and reduce improper disposal through take-back programs and recycling targets for manufacturers. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, transportation, and recycling to recover valuable materials and avoid pollution.
What is e-waste
My main motive of this presentation is to give you a basic idea of what e-waste and its harmful effects along with the harmful materials used in it
E-waste is electronic equipment that is nearing or at the end of its useful life. It contains toxic chemicals like lead, cadmium, and mercury. India generates large amounts of e-waste but only a small portion is recycled properly. Most e-waste is handled by informal recyclers who do not protect themselves from toxins, polluting the environment and harming health. Exposure to e-waste toxins can damage organs and increase risks of cancer, neurological impairments, and other diseases. India needs better regulations and incentives for formal recycling to safely manage its growing e-waste problem.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) management trends and technologies. It covers:
1) What e-waste is, why it is a growing problem, and the toxic components commonly found in e-waste.
2) Why e-waste prioritization is important today given rapidly growing waste streams and environmental/health concerns from improper disposal.
3) The need for national e-waste legislation in countries like Kenya to help formalize recycling processes and measure success over time.
4) Challenges like complex device designs that make separation of materials difficult, as well as lack of awareness about e-waste issues.
The presentation aims to educate about global e-waste trends and
E-Waste: A Hazard to Human Beings and EnvironmentDr Somvir Bajar
Management of the fastest-growing e-waste is a severe problem and has attracted worldwide attention. The electrical and electronic devices have become a part of everyone’s day to day life. Faster upgradation of electrical and electronic product is forcing consumers to add more e-waste to the solid waste stream. The growing problem of e-waste calls for greater emphasis on recycling e-waste. However, recycling of hazardous components in informal sector attracts several health-related problems and pollution to the environment, which call attempts for better e-waste management.
in this presentation we discuss about the e-waste and their effect on environment and human body, and we also discuss about the management of such waste.
Electronic waste or e-waste refers to discarded electrical or electronic devices like cathode ray tubes, chips, plastics from electronics, and printed circuit boards. E-waste is dangerous as it contains carcinogens and toxic chemicals that can cause health effects like cancer, liver damage, and developmental issues. Proper e-waste management includes planning collection, recycling, and disposal to reduce environmental contamination while encouraging the 3R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle. All governments, industries, and consumers should cooperate to sustainably manage e-waste.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It provides background on e-waste, noting that it is waste from discarded electronic devices that are quickly replaced due to technological advances. It then discusses several key points around e-waste including that it contains hazardous materials, the short lifespans of electronics contribute to large volumes of e-waste, and that improper disposal can harm human health and the environment. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of proper e-waste recycling and management.
Over the past few years India along with other Asian and African countries, has become a major destination for electronic waste (e-waste) exports from OECD counties. Managing E-waste - both locally generated and internationally imported, are the major challenges for the government. At one end e-waste management could become a lucrative industry for India and the other end it is posing serious threat to environment and human health.
Are you aware of what harmful substances inside your computer? When the computers waste enter the environment, it become hazardous to human health and environment as well. Get to know how harmful these substances are if not properly recycled.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), its sources and characteristics. It notes that e-waste is the fastest growing waste stream and is composed of both valuable and hazardous materials. The document outlines the Indian e-waste scenario, noting that e-waste generation is expected to significantly increase by 2020 and that most e-waste management is currently unorganized. It concludes by stressing the need for a national e-waste policy and framework in India to properly manage increasing e-waste in an environmentally sound manner.
This document discusses e-waste, its effects on the environment, and management strategies. It defines e-waste as electronic and electric products nearing the end of their usable life. E-waste comes from sources like IT equipment, appliances, consumer devices, and medical equipment. When improperly disposed, e-waste releases toxic heavy metals like lead, chromium, cadmium, and mercury that can damage human health and the environment. Effective e-waste management requires efforts from governments, industries, and citizens to implement regulations, reduce waste, encourage recycling and reuse, and make more sustainable product choices.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It begins by defining e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. It then notes that 50 million tons of e-waste are produced annually, much of which is improperly disposed of. The document outlines the various sources of e-waste and how electronics become waste. It also describes the toxic constituents in e-waste and their environmental and health impacts if not handled properly. Current e-waste disposal and recycling practices are discussed, along with their advantages and challenges. The conclusion emphasizes the need for safer e-waste management and increased awareness.
E-waste refers to electronic products that are near or at the end of their useful life. It contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can harm the environment and human health. The amount of e-waste is increasing rapidly as electronics usage grows. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe methods. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, recycling, and treatment to safely handle toxins. The government is working with organizations and implementing regulations, but increased awareness and producer responsibility are still needed to address this challenging waste stream.
The document discusses electrical and electronic waste (e-waste). It provides information on the sources of e-waste including individual households, businesses, manufacturers/retailers, imports, and the secondary market. It describes the categories of e-waste and the major components. The document also addresses the generation of e-waste in India, the associated environmental and health hazards of improper e-waste disposal, and the opportunities for recycling e-waste to recover valuable materials and promote green jobs.
E-waste is a growing problem due to the rapid obsolescence of electronics. It contains hazardous materials like lead that can pollute the environment if not disposed of properly. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector and subject to unsafe practices like open burning and dumping. The formal sector only recycles 5% of e-waste. The government has introduced rules to promote safe and formal recycling, but more enforcement is still needed. Proper e-waste management requires cooperation between producers, government, and public to improve awareness, collection, and recycling.
E-waste, or electronic waste, refers to discarded electrical or electronic devices. It is the world's fastest growing waste stream and poses environmental and health risks if not disposed of properly. The amount of e-waste in India is rapidly increasing as industries like IT and telecommunications grow and consumers replace electronics more frequently. Improper recycling of e-waste can release toxic chemicals like lead, beryllium, and mercury into the environment and harm workers who dismantle devices without protection. There is a need for better e-waste collection systems and management in India to deal with rising quantities and reduce environmental pollution and health impacts.
The document proposes establishing a business to extract precious metals from e-waste in India. It summarizes that India produces 3 million tons of e-waste annually, which is increasing by 20% each year and contains 5% precious metals. It outlines plans to collect, dismantle, separate and recover materials from e-waste using an automated electronic scrap recycling system to produce high purity metals, with an expected annual profit of 12 lakh rupees.
E-waste or electronic waste refers to old, end-of-life electronics that are discarded. India generates around 0.8 million tons of e-waste annually, which is growing by 10% each year. E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury and needs to be properly managed to avoid environmental pollution and health impacts. Common approaches to managing e-waste include reuse, refurbishment, material recovery through formal recycling, and environmentally-sound disposal. However, in India much of the e-waste is handled by the informal sector, which recovers valuable materials but can also lead to environmental and health issues due to unsafe practices. Improved regulations, take-back programs, and awareness
This document discusses e-waste, including its generation sources, composition, impacts, and management. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, arsenic, that can harm human health and the environment if improperly disposed. It provides statistics on e-waste generation in India and discusses challenges in management. Solutions proposed include the E-Waste Rules to regulate producers' responsibilities and formalize collection, dismantling, and recycling activities to protect workers and the environment.
E-waste refers to improperly disposed electronics. Rapid development of new electronics and disposal of old ones has created a large problem, as recycling in places like rural China leads to toxic materials seeping into the environment. One example is Guiyu, China, which has become a center for e-waste recycling, with waste recycling areas being a focal point for toxic poisoning impacting human development and the surrounding environment. Toxins from e-waste like lead, cadmium, mercury, and plastics contaminate water and land, threatening human health and the environment. Efforts are underway to combat e-waste dumping internationally and reduce e-waste through individual actions like recycling electronics and purchasing less toxic devices.
E-waste consists of discarded electronic items like computers, printers, and cell phones. It is one of the fastest growing waste streams worldwide. Sources of e-waste include the private sector, government offices, hospitals, and homes. If not properly managed, e-waste poses health and environmental risks due to toxic materials. Legislation in countries like India and the US aim to increase e-waste recycling and reduce improper disposal through take-back programs and recycling targets for manufacturers. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, transportation, and recycling to recover valuable materials and avoid pollution.
What is e-waste
My main motive of this presentation is to give you a basic idea of what e-waste and its harmful effects along with the harmful materials used in it
E-waste is electronic equipment that is nearing or at the end of its useful life. It contains toxic chemicals like lead, cadmium, and mercury. India generates large amounts of e-waste but only a small portion is recycled properly. Most e-waste is handled by informal recyclers who do not protect themselves from toxins, polluting the environment and harming health. Exposure to e-waste toxins can damage organs and increase risks of cancer, neurological impairments, and other diseases. India needs better regulations and incentives for formal recycling to safely manage its growing e-waste problem.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) management trends and technologies. It covers:
1) What e-waste is, why it is a growing problem, and the toxic components commonly found in e-waste.
2) Why e-waste prioritization is important today given rapidly growing waste streams and environmental/health concerns from improper disposal.
3) The need for national e-waste legislation in countries like Kenya to help formalize recycling processes and measure success over time.
4) Challenges like complex device designs that make separation of materials difficult, as well as lack of awareness about e-waste issues.
The presentation aims to educate about global e-waste trends and
E-Waste: A Hazard to Human Beings and EnvironmentDr Somvir Bajar
Management of the fastest-growing e-waste is a severe problem and has attracted worldwide attention. The electrical and electronic devices have become a part of everyone’s day to day life. Faster upgradation of electrical and electronic product is forcing consumers to add more e-waste to the solid waste stream. The growing problem of e-waste calls for greater emphasis on recycling e-waste. However, recycling of hazardous components in informal sector attracts several health-related problems and pollution to the environment, which call attempts for better e-waste management.
in this presentation we discuss about the e-waste and their effect on environment and human body, and we also discuss about the management of such waste.
Electronic waste or e-waste refers to discarded electrical or electronic devices like cathode ray tubes, chips, plastics from electronics, and printed circuit boards. E-waste is dangerous as it contains carcinogens and toxic chemicals that can cause health effects like cancer, liver damage, and developmental issues. Proper e-waste management includes planning collection, recycling, and disposal to reduce environmental contamination while encouraging the 3R's of reduce, reuse, and recycle. All governments, industries, and consumers should cooperate to sustainably manage e-waste.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It provides background on e-waste, noting that it is waste from discarded electronic devices that are quickly replaced due to technological advances. It then discusses several key points around e-waste including that it contains hazardous materials, the short lifespans of electronics contribute to large volumes of e-waste, and that improper disposal can harm human health and the environment. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of proper e-waste recycling and management.
Over the past few years India along with other Asian and African countries, has become a major destination for electronic waste (e-waste) exports from OECD counties. Managing E-waste - both locally generated and internationally imported, are the major challenges for the government. At one end e-waste management could become a lucrative industry for India and the other end it is posing serious threat to environment and human health.
Are you aware of what harmful substances inside your computer? When the computers waste enter the environment, it become hazardous to human health and environment as well. Get to know how harmful these substances are if not properly recycled.
Getting started with aof ethics in business and financial planningNAFCareerAcads
The document provides an overview of an Ethics in Business course, including:
1) The course introduces students to ethics in business and encourages them to reflect on their personal values.
2) Topics covered include introductions to ethics, ethics for employees, managers, organizations, and different business disciplines.
3) The culminating project involves students investigating an potential future employer to assess if it meets their ethical standards.
4) Learning artifacts and activities are designed to help students experience ethical challenges and think critically about ethics in business.
E-waste is a rapidly growing waste stream that contains toxic materials like lead and cadmium. It is difficult to dispose of and recycle responsibly due to the complexity of electronic components mixed together. Most e-waste in the US ends up in landfills, where the toxic materials can leach out and contaminate the environment. Proper e-waste recycling requires labor-intensive separation and treatment to safely extract resources from end-of-life electronics in an environmentally responsible manner.
This presentation shows the capabilities of the Müller-Guttenbrunn Group in E-Waste Recycling not only in recycling depth but also in terms of geographic coverage.
E-Waste - How to face this issue with the Technology itselfBruno Croci
This document discusses e-waste and sustainability. It begins by defining e-waste and the main causes of e-waste as planned and perceived obsolescence. It then discusses the growth of e-waste and environmental problems caused by toxic substances in electronics. The document outlines the objectives to investigate how technology faces environmental problems, and the methodology used. It finds that initiatives like upgrading, open-source software, e-waste recycling programs, and the StEP initiative are ways technology addresses e-waste issues. It concludes that while alternatives exist, a definitive solution has not been found yet.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It notes that India generates close to 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to reach 1 million tons by 2011. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can cause environmental pollution and health issues if not disposed of properly. Most of India's e-waste is currently handled by the informal sector using unsafe recycling methods like open burning, which needs to be addressed.
This document summarizes the major health and environmental risks associated with e-waste disposal in China, particularly the Guiyu region. It finds extremely high levels of lead contamination in the soil, dust, water and people of e-waste disposal sites, putting workers and children at very high risk of lead poisoning. While laws exist to better regulate e-waste in the US and China, enforcement is lacking. Improved management is needed such as stopping illegal e-waste exports, establishing safe recycling infrastructure, and educating workers on occupational health risks.
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in China and Baidu together launched a Big Data Joint Laboratory to pioneer new methods and frameworks for using big data to support development goals. The inaugural product of the Joint lab is an e-waste recycling smartphone application called “Baidu Recycle“, aiming at streamlining the recycling process of e-wastes. Users can take a photo of their electronic waste and get the name, category and estimated scrap price for the item. Users in certain cities can even arrange an e-waste pick-up.
The document discusses the use of mise-en-scene and props in a film marketing campaign to establish brand identity across a teaser, poster, and magazine. Key props like a clown mask, poker chips, cards, and a gun are featured throughout to represent themes of crime, gambling, and danger. These consistent visual elements reinforce the film's identity and genre.
Immigration involves people transferring to live in a country other than their own. Immigrants often take dangerous boat or raft trips across the sea to travel, resulting in many deaths during the dangerous crossing. They come from poor countries in India, Africa, and elsewhere devastated by war, seeking work and welfare opportunities. Immigration has many potential causes including economic motivations, political reasons, religion, natural disasters, vital needs, sentimental attachments, and education. A tragedy occurred in Lampedusa in 2013 where a shipwreck killed over 100 immigrants, including women and children, during a dangerous crossing.
This document provides instructions and materials for a medical team to diagnose six patients based on their symptoms. It includes a journal prompt, learning objectives, background on organ systems and disease, instructions for the medical team, and patient charts listing symptoms and spaces to identify affected organ systems and make an official diagnosis. The medical team must determine which organ systems are primarily and secondarily affected by each patient's disease in order to make a proper diagnosis.
PaperV is a social storytelling platform that allows users to collectively contribute parts of a story based on a location or life event. The platform has tested successfully with over 16,000 registered users who spend an average of 8 hours and 25 minutes on the site daily, viewing 6.4 pages. It aims to reach product-market fit and 2 million users with $300,000 in funding and a $25,000 monthly burn rate. The founding team includes experienced entrepreneurs and developers with backgrounds in Microsoft, law, and digital marketing.
Pubblicazione dello stato dell'arte della piattaforma I-Rig, l'innovativo concetto di Internet delle cose che utilizza tecnologia NFC, Mobile e Cloud per far interagire oggetti con il web e il social network.
This lesson plan is for a 7th grade life science class about organ systems. Students will start by writing about an organ and the system it belongs to. They will then research their organ system and work in groups to act out skits demonstrating the functions and interactions of organs in their assigned system. By presenting their skits, students will learn how different organ systems work together to keep the body functioning as a whole organism. The lesson aims to help students understand organization in the body from cells to organ systems.
Information marketing-weighing systems sales scenarios.usa-en-v1.4Ascorel
Ascorel provides mobile electronic weighing systems that improve safety and efficiency at industrial, mining, and construction sites. Their systems ensure vehicles are not overloaded, which prevents accidents. The systems also increase profits by allowing trucks to be loaded to their full legal capacity. Customers in various industries have realized significant returns on investment through improved safety, productivity, and cost savings using Ascorel's scales.
This PowerPoint presentation provides information about the famine in Ireland through facts, pictures, and descriptions. It discusses how people emigrated to America to escape the famine, often traveling on overcrowded ships called "coffin ships". Black '47 was noted as the worst year of the famine. Pictures show a family struggling to survive and soup kitchens that many depended on for food. The presentation concludes that Ireland today is different, with people now immigrating in, and reminds the audience to not forget the hard past when many needed help and emigrated to survive.
This document provides information about electronic waste (e-waste) management. It defines e-waste and lists some of its main components. It discusses the risks e-waste poses to human health and the environment if not disposed of properly. It outlines some ways to dispose of e-waste, like sending it to authorized recycling facilities or donating still working equipment. It describes the advantages of e-waste recycling like asset recovery and environmental benefits. It then details the steps involved in e-waste recycling and compares informal e-waste recycling practices in India to formal practices in countries like Switzerland.
E-waste refers to electronic devices that are no longer useful, such as old phones, computers, and televisions. These devices contain hazardous materials like lead and mercury that can harm the environment and human health if improperly disposed. Common sources of e-waste include large and small household appliances, IT equipment, and audio/visual devices. Improper e-waste disposal methods like acid baths and incineration release toxic fumes, while landfilling allows chemicals to leach into soil and water sources. The volume of e-waste produced annually is growing rapidly and most is improperly disposed of rather than recycled.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on e-waste. It defines e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers and entertainment equipment. It discusses the various sources and categories of e-waste and the composition of hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium that are found in e-waste. India generates about 4.1 million tons of e-waste annually, which is growing at 10% per year. Current e-waste disposal practices like landfilling and incineration release toxins into the environment. The document advocates for better e-waste recycling practices like disassembly to recover valuable materials and reduce environmental contamination.
Seminar presentation on Electronic waste/E wasteEr Gupta
Electronic waste or E waste may be defined as, computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment devices & many other electronic or electrical devices which are unwanted, broken & discarded by their original users are known as ‘E-Waste’ or ‘Electronic Waste’
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It defines e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. E-waste is a growing problem due to the toxic materials it contains and improper disposal methods. The document outlines sources of e-waste, its components, and disposal challenges. It advocates for greater reuse and recycling of e-waste to reduce environmental contamination and protect human health.
E waste as a problem and its managementSaurabh Patel
E-waste or electronic waste refers to obsolete, unwanted or unusable electronic and electrical devices. Rapid changes in technology and consumption patterns have led to a growing amount of e-waste generated globally each year. India generates around 20 lakh tonnes of e-waste annually, with Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Delhi being the top producing states. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector without proper health and safety standards, exposing workers and the environment to toxic materials. International agreements and national regulations have been implemented to promote the environmentally sound management of e-waste, but challenges remain around enforcement, awareness, and the dominance of the informal sector.
E-waste refers to electronic products nearing the end of their useful lives, such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. It is a major global problem, with over 100 million computers thrown out annually in the US alone. E-waste contains toxic materials like lead and mercury that can pollute the environment and harm human health when products are disposed of improperly. Developing countries face particular challenges from both domestic e-waste and imports from other nations, as toxic materials can leach into soil and water sources and informal recycling exposes workers and children to health risks.
This document provides an overview of e-waste (electronic waste), including:
- E-waste is a growing problem globally and in India due to rapid changes in technology.
- Informal recycling of e-waste dominates in India and poses major health and environmental hazards due to unsafe practices and exposure to toxic materials.
- International agreements and national regulations in India have been established to better manage e-waste, but challenges remain around enforcement and formalization of the recycling industry.
E-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices that contain toxic contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants. An estimated 50 million tons of e-waste are produced each year, but only 15-20% is recycled while the rest goes to landfills and incinerators. The disposal and dismantling of e-waste leads to environmental impacts like heavy metal contamination of water, soil, crops and animals from liquid and air releases. While recycling can reclaim valuable materials, reuse through retro computing or reselling used devices can extend product lifespans and delay eventual recycling.
The document discusses the issue of electronic waste (e-waste) and focuses on the village of Guiyu, China as a case study. Guiyu has become one of the largest e-waste sites in the world due to the import of millions of tons of discarded electronics annually from other countries. Primitive recycling techniques used in Guiyu expose workers and the local environment to toxic heavy metals and chemicals. Proper e-waste management and recycling is needed to address the health and environmental problems caused by the rapid growth of discarded electronics.
In this research paper, researcher has tried to focus on What is present scenario of E waste management in India & What are the procedures and methods used in its handling?
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), which is any broken or unwanted electrical/electronic equipment. It is growing rapidly due to factors like technology changes and planned obsolescence. Around 50 million tons of e-waste is produced globally each year, with only 15-20% recycled. E-waste contains toxic substances like lead, mercury, and sulfur, which can harm the environment and human health through water/soil pollution and health issues. Proper e-waste management and more sustainable product design are needed to address this significant global challenge.
Green computing aims to reduce the environmental impact of computers and promote sustainability. It addresses issues like wasteful energy consumption when devices are left on, toxic chemicals used in manufacturing that can pollute the environment, and large amounts of e-waste from device disposal. Solutions include using power-saving modes, recycling and refurbishing old devices, and developing less toxic materials. While companies are taking steps like eliminating hazardous chemicals and improving recycling programs, more progress is still needed regarding global take-back initiatives and developing fully green product lines.
This document discusses e-waste (electronic waste) - its generation, composition, impacts, and management. It aims to impart information on e-waste hazards, laws and initiatives as well as solutions like e-cycling, reducing and reusing electronics. E-waste is growing rapidly due to short product lifecycles and lack of proper recycling. It contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, mercury that harm the environment and human health when improperly disposed. International laws and national legislations seek to better manage transboundary e-waste movements and promote recycling.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
The document is a seminar report on e-waste by Deshmukh Priyanka. It discusses how e-waste is defined as discarded electronic devices, notes that computers have an average lifespan of less than two years which leads to rapid obsolescence. It then discusses some of the toxic materials commonly found in electronics like lead, cadmium, and mercury, and the health and environmental risks they pose. The report also covers waste management concepts like the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle and resource recovery from waste materials. It concludes that electronic products should be considered chemical waste due to their toxicity and numbers, and calls for designing cleaner computer products.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), including its definition, production, composition, disposal issues, health problems, and management. It notes that e-waste includes obsolete or discarded electrical/electronic equipment like computers, TVs, and cell phones. About 50 million metric tons of e-waste are produced globally each year, with improper disposal releasing toxic materials that can harm the environment and human health. The document outlines some steps to properly manage e-waste, including detoxification to remove hazardous components, shredding the materials into pieces, and refining to extract reusable components.
This document discusses e-waste management. It defines e-waste as obsolete electronic devices, outlines its various components and generators. E-waste is growing rapidly due to technology obsolescence and contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium and mercury. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using dangerous practices, while formal recycling is increasing. Effective e-waste management requires an integrated approach between informal and formal sectors along with policies, collection systems and public awareness.
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Garlic is one of the highly valued crops in the Philippines. However, low production yield is the main constraint, specifically in the native varieties that could not satisfy the demand. Among the limiting factors are the use of unsuitable clove size as planting materials. The results revealed that clove sizes significantly influenced the growth of garlic. Large clove size and extra-large clove size obtained average plant vigor with ratings of 5.83 and 6.33, respectively. Significant differences were also found in both fresh and dry bulb weights, with the largest clove size yielding the heaviest weights at 19.36g and 16.67g, respectively. Moreover, large and extra-large clove sizes produced the highest number of cloves per bulb with an average of 19.87 and 19.33 respectively. However, no significant differences were observed in yield per plant and yield per hectare. Consequently, large clove sizes employed as planting material increased the vigor, bulb weights, and the number of cloves with no significant effect on the yield. The study showed that planting large clove sizes (2.0-2.50g) is more promising as planting materials of native varieties like Ilocos white.
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1. Electronic Waste
A challenge to our development
Presented By: -
1478 Chintu Gautam
1479 Simran Girdhar
1480 Shreya Sharma
1481 Ayushi Chaudhary
1482 Savita Mavi
1483 Ankit Vats
1485 Shruti Tiwari
1486 Jyoti Rathore
1490 Sakshi Gupta
2. Contents
• What is e-waste?
• Types of e-waste
• Toxic contents of e-waste
• Harmful effects of e-waste
• What happens to e-waste?
• Methods of disposing e-waste
• Measures taken by various organizations to handle
e-waste
• E-waste in India
• Conclusion
3. E-waste
Electronic waste or e-waste is the rapidly
expanding volume of obsolete computers,
printers, fax machines, TVs, and other
electronic devices finding its way into the
waste stream of countries in the world.
4. What is E-waste?
"Electronic waste" may be defined as all secondary
computers, entertainment device electronics, mobile
phones, and other items such as television sets and
refrigerators, whether sold, donated, or discarded by
their original owners. The United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) includes
discarded CRT monitors in its category of "hazardous
household waste“, but considers CRTs set aside for
testing to be commodities if they are not discarded,
speculatively accumulated, or left unprotected from
weather and other damage.
6. Types of e-waste
Criterion 1 - (Based Upon Electrical
Articles)
• Computers, televisions, cell phones etc.
Criterion 2 - (Based on their reasons
of being a waste)
• Newer techs, not functioning machines etc.
7. Criterion 1 - (Based Upon Electrical
Articles)
Cell phones,
computers, televisions
etc.
8. Criterion 2 - (Based on their reasons
of being a waste)
• Type 1 - Those electrical articles which are working but
are turned into a waste because of the fact that newer
technologies have invaded the market and more and
more people find themselves inclined to these newer
technologies and because of their affinity to this newer
technologies they discard their existing articles.
9. • Type 2 - E wastes that are actually wastes. By this
we mean those articles that do not posses any
function anymore that is the true wastes. The total
amount of e waste should be equivalent to the
waste generated under type 2 but the growing
concern is because of the type 1 wastes which are
growing in volume.
10. • Type 3 - Often it’s seen that not a whole electrical article
is a waste but a still a certain part of it is not functioning
for ex. In a television just the cathode rays are not
working but the remaining parts are working. But many
people chose the other way and replace the whole article.
So the whole article becomes a waste and is discarded.
11. How Much E-waste Is There?
• E-waste is a recent phenomenon
• 20-50 million metric tons of e-waste are disposed every
year.
• 60-65 million PCs become obsolete every year in the US
• Environment Protection Agency estimate – 1.9 million tons
of e-waste land filled in 2000 (EXCLUDING electric
appliances)
• 3-5% of material in landfills
• Growing 3 times the rate of other waste
• 315-600 million computers/TVs waiting in “e-waste
purgatory”
13. Toxic contents of e-waste
• Due to the pervading reach of information technology in trade and commerce,
computer waste is the most significant of all e-waste, along with televisions and
cellular phones
• E-waste contains both valuable as well as harmful components
– Valuable components include precious metals such as gold, silver, copper, palladium, etc.
– Harmful substances include lead, mercury, cadmium, etc.
• Some of the key toxic elements contained within components of a computer include:
Components of a computer Key Toxic Constituents
Printed Circuit Boards Lead and cadmium
Cathode ray Tubes(CRTs) Lead oxide and cadmium
Switches and Flat-screen Monitors Mercury
Computer Batteries Cadmium
Capacitors and Transformers Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Printed Circuit Boards, Plastic Casing Cable Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs)
Computer Batteries Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
Toxic Elements Inside a Computer
16. Harmful effects of e-waste
Toxin Effects on Humans
Mercury Impairment of neurological development in fetus and
small children; tremors, emotional changes,
insomnia, headache, kidney effects respiratory
failures, death
Lead Damage to brain and nervous system, slow growth in
children, hearing problems, behavioral changes,
physical disorders
17. EFFECTS OF E-WASTE TOXINS
Toxin Effects on Humans
Chromium Asthmatic bronchitis, skin irritation, ulceration,
respiratory irritation, perforated
eardrums, kidney damage, pulmonary congestion
and oedema, epigastric pain, erosion and
discolouration of the teeth
Brominate
d Flames
Retardant
s
May increase cancer risk to digestive and lymph
systems, endocrine disorder
18. EFFECTS OF E-WASTE TOXINS
Effects on soil:
• Toxic leachates: Hg, Cd, Pb, P
• Uncontrolled fire risk →toxic fumes
• Biologically non-degradable: Cd, HG, BFR
There are also hazardous effects on livestock,
ecology, etc.
20. What Happens to E-waste?
End Markets for EOL TVs & CRTs
EPA Report – April 2007
For the Year 2005:
> Resale in U.S. 5%
> Glass to Glass Recycling in U.S. 2%
> Glass to Lead Smelting in U.S. 6%
> Glass to Glass Abroad 14%
> Exported for “Reuse” 61%
21. So Why Ship E-waste to China???
• Extremely Low Labor Costs
• No Worker-Safety Standards
• No Environmental Regulations
• Get the Good Stuff – Dump the Bad Stuff
22. Risks in dumping the e-waste
What’s the Problem with E-waste? -
Theft of Sensitive Information
2003 MIT Student Study:
– 158 used hard drives
– 129 still worked
– 69 had recoverable files
– 49 contained credit card, medical records & personal
correspondence
– 1 contained ATM transaction info.
• One of the top areas for dumping e-waste is Africa
• The number one area of the world for identity theft is
• AFRICA!
24. Methods of disposing e-waste
• Current Disposal Methods
– Incineration: This is a controlled way of disposing off the e-waste and it
involves combustion of electronic waste at high temperature in specially
designed incinerators. This e-waste disposal method is quite
advantageous as the waste volume is reduced extremely much and the
energy obtained is also utilized separately. However, it is also not free
from disadvantages with the emission of the harmful gases mercury and
cadmium in the environment.
– Acid Baths: Acid bath involves soaking of the electronic circuits in the
powerful sulphuric, hydrochloric or nitric acid solutions that free the
metals from the electronic pathways. The recovered metal is used in the
manufacturing of other products while the hazardous acid waste finds
its ways in the local water sources.
– Landfills: This is the most common methodology of e-waste disposal.
Soil is excavated and trenches are made for burying the e-waste in it. An
impervious liner is made of clay or plastic with a leach ate basin for
collection and transferring the e-waste to the treatment plant. However,
landfill is not an environmentally sound process for disposing off the e-
waste as toxic substances like cadmium, lead and mercury are released
inside the soil and ground water.
26. Environmental Impacts
• Studies conducted in China discovered heavy
contamination in e-waste recycling regions
– Soil, air, water, and sediments all contained high
levels of contamination
• Trace metals (Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Copper, Mercury, and
Cadmium)
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
• Dioxins
27. Noble Methods of disposing e-waste
• Redesign of computer components
– Simplification of the deconstruction process
• Consumer Education
– Easy to access information about where to dispose of
unwanted electronics
• Updated Sorting Methods
- Automated sorting processes: Process that
separates organic matter and redevelops recyclable
materials
28. Methods
• Samples taken of soil, air, and water in areas
surrounding disposal sites
– Taken before the test is begun and once a week
every week after the start
• This will be considered a success if
contamination levels are the same or lower
than the initial samples
29. Desired Results
• The purposed methods aim to:
–Reduce export of e-waste to
developing countries
–Reduce the release of hazardous
materials during recycling and
disposal
31. Measures taken by various
organizations to handle e-waste
Various organizations that handles e-waste:
1. International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement: The International
Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement (INECE) is a global network of
environmental compliance and enforcement practitioners dedicated to raising awareness of
compliance and enforcement across the regulatory cycle; developing networks for
enforcement cooperation; and strengthening capacity to implement and enforce
environmental requirements.
2. Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI): The Institute of Scrap Recycling
Industries (ISRI) is a private, non-profit trade association representing more than 1,600
private and public for-profit companies – ranging from small, family-owned businesses to
multi-national corporations—operating at more than 6,000 facilities in the United States and
30 countries worldwide.
3. Solving the E-waste Problem (StEP): The StEPis an international initiative, created to
develop solutions to address issues associated with Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE). Some of the most eminent players in the fields of Production, Reuse and
Recycling of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE), government agencies and NGOs as
well as UN Organisations count themselves among its members. StEP encourages the
collaboration of all stakeholders connected with e-waste, emphasising a holistic, scientific
yet applicable approach to the problem.
32. Various initiatives by the organizations
• The Basel Action Network (BAN) is a non-governmental charitable
organization working to combat the export of toxic waste, toxic
technology and toxic products from industrialized
societies to developing countries. BAN is based in Seattle,
Washington, United States, with a partner office in the Philippines.
BAN is named after the Basel Convention, a United Nations treaty
designed to control and prevent the dumping of toxic wastes,
particularly on developing countries. BAN serves as
a watchdog and promoter of the Basel Convention and its
decisions.
33. • The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel
Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the
movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to
prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed
countries (LDCs). It does not, however, address the movement of
radioactive waste. The Convention is also intended to minimize the amount
and toxicity of wastes generated, to ensure their environmentally sound
management as closely as possible to the source of generation, and to
assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and
other wastes they generate.The Convention was opened for signature on 22
March 1989, and entered into force on 5 May 1992. As of February 2014,
180 states and the European Union are parties to the Convention. Haiti and
the United States have signed the Convention but not ratified it.
34. • China RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), officially known
as Administrative Measure on the Control of Pollution Caused by
Electronic Information Products is a Chinese government
regulation to control certain materials, including lead. All items
shipped to China now have to be marked as to whether the items
contained in the box are compliant or non-compliant. The
Electronic Information Products (EIP) logo or other label is used to
mark parts and assemblies that do not contain unacceptable
amounts of substances identified by the regulations, and that are
environmentally safe. Units that do contain hazardous substances
are marked with the EIP logo including an Environment Friendly
Use Period (EFUP) value in years.
35. • The e-Stewards Initiative is an electronics waste recycling standard
created by the Basel Action Network. In 2009, BAN published the
e-Stewards Standard for Responsible Recycling and Reuse of
Electronic Equipment which set forth requirements for becoming a
Certified e-Stewards Recycler—a program that "recognizes
electronics recyclers that adhere to the most stringent
environmentally and socially responsible practices when
recovering hazardous electronic materials." Recyclers that were
qualified under the older Pledge program had until September 1,
2011 to achieve certification to the Standard by an e-Stewards
Accredited Certification Body accredited by ANAB (ANSI-ASQ
National Accreditation Board).
36. • Sustainable Electronics Initiative (SEI) is an initiative started
in the United States in the summer of 2009 by the Illinois
Sustainable Technology Centre, which is a division of the
Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability of the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. SEI is dedicated to
developing and implementing sustainable means for
the design, manufacturing, remanufacturing,
and recycling of electronics (computers, cell
phones, televisions, printers, etc.) Members of SEI include
individuals from academia, non-profit organizations,
government agencies, manufacturers, designers, recyclers
and refurbishers.
38. India generates close to
500,000 tons e-waste p.a.
Generated 0.8 million ton in 2013
E-waste in India
E-waste in India
39. Broad break up appears as under:
Mumbai : 50,000 tons
Delhi : 35,000
Bangalore : 30,000
Chennai : 25,000
Kolkata : 19,000
Ahmedabad : 14,000
Hyderabad : 13,000
Pune : 10,000
Indore : 8,000
WASTE PILING UP
40. 1. Over 400 million current mobile users expected to
increase to 500 million by 2010 end
2. Indians purchased 40 million mobile phones in past 5
years including 9.28 million in 2007
3. Over 14 million old PCs ready for disposal in India
Considerable facts for India
41. Magnitude of e-waste in India
• As per a study released by MAIT, India generated 330,000 MT of electronic waste in
2007, while an additional 50,000 MT was illegally imported
• MAIT estimates that by 2011, e-waste in India would touch 470,000 MT
• The Western region contributes maximum to e-waste generation – up to 35%
• Sixty five cities in India generate up to 60% of total e-waste
• Ten states alone generate more than 70% of total e-waste
• MAIT estimates that only 19,000 tonnes of the total e-waste generated gets
ultimately processed by the formal recycling sector
• As per the study, around 94% of corporates in India do not have a policy on disposal
of obsolete IT products/ e-waste
Ferrous
Metal,32%
Plastic,23%
Non-ferrous
Metal,18%
Glass,15%
Electronic
Boards,12%
ContentsofaComputer
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
North East West South
E-WasteGeneration in IndiaAnnualE-WasteGenerated
3,32,979MT
AvailableforRecycling
1,44,443MT
E-WasteProcessed
19,000MT
42. How informal sector deals with?
• A relatively new industry in India, traditionally dominated by the unorganized
segment
• Scrap dealers and rag-pickers gather e-waste from households in their area of
operation and employ crude and highly unsafe processes for recycling the same,
causing significant environmental damage
– open burning of wires to extract resalable copper, soaking of circuit boards in acid baths to
extract precious metal, disposing the residue into open drains or land, etc.
• The formal e-waste recycling segment consists of a few large players which have the
proper infrastructure to handle e-waste equipment
43. Unsafe methods for e-waste recycling
• The unorganised segment often employs crude and highly unsafe processes for while
recycling e-waste, and extracting precious materials therefrom
44.
45.
46. Conclusion
From the above data we can
conclude that e-waste is a threat
for the world. The rate at which it is
increasing has create a question
mark on the development policies
of all nations. We have i-phones,
windows, mac’s but more we are
using these stuffs, the more it is
creating a threat on our own
survival. So it depends on us that
how we are concerned about this
problem and from starting with us
we can help the whole world to
overcome this hurdle as we have to
maintain sustainable development.