E waste and how to manage it

ELECTRONIC WASTE
by-
ANCHAL (05)
M.Sc. EM
GGSIPU

DEFINITION
• There is no generally accepted definition of e-
waste
• Unwanted, obsolete or unusable electronic
products such as computers, computer
peripherals,televisions,VCRs,DVD Players, stereo
equipment, hand cell phones are commonly
referred to as ‘electronic waste’.
• Waste become obsolete due to-
• 1. change in fashion, style and status.
• 2. nearing the end of their useful life.

• Mobile phones
• Telephones
• Telephone exchanges Wireless Equipment cables and related scrap material
• PC and TV
Telecommunication Waste:
• Switches
• Relays
• Connectors and related Scrap Material.
Electrical Waste:
• Electronic – metal waste
• Printed Circuit Boards
• E – Equipment and Machinery
• IC
• Sockets Connectors.
Electronic Waste:
• PVC
• Pre Insulated Copper and Aluminum Cable waste.
Cable Waste:
3

Mobile phones; facts
• Production today- 23 phones/sec
• Sales 2003- 515 million
• Subscribers-1.9 billion in 2005
• Subscribers- 2.6 billion in 2009
• Lifespan- 0.5- 1.5 (with 1st user)
• (estimates from the Basel convention based study
2006)

Main problems-
1. It is taking up valuable landfill space.
• A study by the USA showed that 1-2% of municipal
waste is made up of e-waste
• A further research estimates the growing of e-waste
at 3 times the rate of other waste streams.
• It is also estimated that between 1997 and 2007,500
million computers would become obsolete.

2.e-waste contains hazardous material
• The leaching of heavy material from e-waste
may a pose a potential long term human
health and environmental impacts
• ground Water especially is more likely to be
polluted (note, more half the country reliant
on ground water resources)

Of particular concern is Lead in e-
waste
• Lead is a toxic substances which may cause
lead poisoning and can be especially harmful
young children.
• A typical 17-inch computer monitor contains
approximately 2.2 pounds of lead
• the 500 million computers that will become
obsolete between 1997 and 2007 will contain
nearly 1.6 billion pounds of lead

E-WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
HANDLING

Handling of E-Waste
• Currently in India, E-waste is being handled in 2
ways:
Formal Recycling-(5% electronics are recycled)
Informal Recycling-(95% electronics are recycled)
• According to recent
study, the Indian
recycling Industry
Recycles 19,000 MT
of E-waste every yr.

Handling of E-Waste
• There is a very well networked Informal Sector in
the country involving key players like:
Recyclers
Vendors
Vendors Dismantlers

Handling of E-Waste
• However, the disposal & recycling of computer
specific e-waste in the Informal Sector are very
rudimentary.
• The process followed by these recyclers is Product:
Re-use
Re-furbish
Conventional disposal in landfills
Open burning
Backyard Recycling

Handling of E-Waste
• Some major E-waste recycling companies are:
Trishyiraya (Chennai)
Infotrek (Mumbai)
E-Parisaraa (Bangalore)

Handling of E-Waste
• But, this management takes place for just 5% of
the E- waste generated in India. Remaining, 95%
is sold to scrap dealers in underground/ informal
recycling markets like:
Seelampur
Mayapuri
Shastri Park
Noida
Merrut Scrap Dealer

Issue and
Challenges
Leaching of
heavy metals
from Landfills
and
Incinerators
Exposure to
workers &
communities
Unawareness
(brand new
items are also
kept in waste)
Less reuse
Collection
system
Legal
framework
12/14/2016 22

How to Dispose E-waste
Donate working
older equipment
to schools colleges
or government
entities in need.
If PC are out of
order then return
it to the
manufacturers.
(HCL and Wipro in
India has best
take back service)
Send waste
goods to
authorised
recycling facility
for proper
disposal.
23

Probable Solutions
Need for stringent health standards and environmental protection laws in India,
Extended producer responsibility,
Import of waste under license,
Producer-public-government cooperation,
Awareness program, following safer and efficient methods
Choosing safer technology and cleaner substitute,
Monitoring of compliance rules,
Reduction of waste at source,
Investment opportunity in waste management sector and
Recognition to the unorganised sector in India.
24

Recycling and Reprocessing units in
India
• Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Haryana , Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and
Uttar Pradesh
• M/s Ramky E-waste Recycling Facility (Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd.)
• Attero Electronic Asset Management Company. Unit: Roorkee. Owner: IIT Delhi
Passout.
• M/s E-R3 Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Peenya Bangalore – 560 058
25

Role of Indian Govt.
In Handling E- Waste
• MoEFCC has covered E-Waste management under
“Management, Handling & Trans-boundary
Movement” rules 2007 (part of EPA 1986 +
Environment & Forests Hazardous Waste
Management Rules 2008).
• India is also signatory to the Basel Convention on
the control of trans-boundary movement of
hazardous waste of 1989.

• A notification on E- Waste rules, 2010, under EPA
(1986) has been notified in May 2011, by MoEFCC,
to address the safe and environment friendly:
Handling
Transporting
Storing &
Recycling of E- Waste
• The rules mentioned by them is differentiated into
6 Chapters & 3 Schedules.

• Chapter 1- PRELIMINARY:
Short Title & Commencement
Application
Definitions
• Chapter 2- RESPONSIBILITIES:
Responsibility of the Producer
Responsibility of Collection Centers
Responsibility of Consumer/ Bulk Consumer
Responsibility of Dismantler
Responsibility of the Recycler

• Chapter 3- PROCEDURE FOR SEEKING
AUTHORIZATION & REGISTERATION FOR
HANDLING E-WASTES:
 Procedure for grant of Authorization
Power to suspend or cancel an Authorization
Procedure for grant Registration (SPCB)
• Chapter 4- PROCEDURE FOR STORAGE OF E-
WASTE

• Chapter 5- REDUCTION IN THE USE OF
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT.
• Chapter 6- MISCELLANEOUS:
Duties of Authorities
Annual Report
Transportation of E-Waste
Accident Reporting & follow-up

• Schedule 1- a)Categories of Electrical & Electronic
Equipment: Telephones, Notepad Computers etc.
b) Consumer Electrical & Electronics.
• Schedule 2- Includes Metal usages under different
categories, like:
Use of Cu Alloy containing up to 4% Pb by weight.
Cd & its compounds in 1 shot pellet type thermal
cut-offs, etc.
• Schedule 3- Role of Authorities: like, SPCB for
inventorization of e-waste.

Conclusion
• Improvement in: a) product, b) product design,
c) methodology to achieve easy-to-recycle-goods.
• Regular eco-toxicological monitoring of hazardous
chemicals.
• Polluters Pay Principle.
• Strict measures on illegal import of e-waste.
• Encouragement & Support to Research in HWM &
NGOs working in this field.
• Phasing out uncontrolled dumping of
hazardous waste & promotion of waste
segregation at individual level.

E waste and how to manage it

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