The document discusses technologies for sustainable e-waste management. It begins by defining e-waste and outlining the different categories of electrical and electronic equipment covered by EU directives. It then provides details on policies, regulations, and institutions related to e-waste management in developed countries, which generally follow principles of extended producer responsibility. Initiatives by international organizations to address e-waste management gaps in developing countries are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to 2D materials, including a brief history and overview of types. It discusses graphene, the earliest known 2D material, which consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure. Graphene is nearly transparent, yet over 100 times stronger than steel. It has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of any known material. The document also mentions other 2D materials like germanene, silicene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides.
Fireworks and its ill effects on atmosphere and greenhouse effectSOBITAMARNATH
Fireworks originate from China and were originally invented to scare away evil spirits. They have since become popular entertainment items that are classified as either ground or aerial fireworks. Fireworks produce extensive air pollution through the release of metal particles, toxins, and smoke that can linger for hours or days and negatively impact health by causing issues like coughing, wheezing, and heart attacks. Burning firecrackers emits gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen/sulfur oxides that create a greenhouse effect trapping heat at the Earth's surface and contributing to global warming.
Nanotechnology is a field that deals with things at molecular level that is as tiny as 10^(-9) of units and finds very useful implementations from cleaning clothes to curing the "incurable"--CANCER.
The document discusses plasmonic nanoantennas and their use in controlling the radiative properties of nanoemitters. It begins with a brief history of plasmonics and defines key concepts like localized surface plasmon resonances and nanoantennas. It then covers topics like the effects of nanoantenna shape and fabrication techniques. Applications discussed include surface-enhanced spectroscopy, fluorescence, solar cells, and nanomedicine. In conclusion, nanoantennas can modify emission properties and provide field enhancement and confinement, enabling applications while fabrication challenges at the nanoscale remain.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, which is approximately 100 nanometers or smaller than the width of a human hair. It has applications in electronics, automotive, engineering, medicine, cosmetics, textiles, sports, and chemicals. Some examples include nano transistors in electronics, fuel cells, OLED displays, batteries, and solar cells. Nanotechnology promises advantages like increased strength, lighter weight, lower cost, and more precision and durability. However, there are also disadvantages like potential job losses, health risks from carbon nanotubes, high initial costs, and concerns about enabling more destructive weapons. Researchers are optimistic about the future products enabled by this new technology and nanotechnology is poised to usher in a
Nanotechnology is the emerging technology in almost all fields of science ..It is preferred and studied due to its high efficiency in all fields of its application... Also being used in overcoming or eliminating environmental pollution to a greater level, this presentation is all about how Nanotechnology is useful in treating polluted water
Nanotechnology for sustainable wastewater treatmentTejas Thakur
This document discusses various nanotechnology techniques for water treatment, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Microfiltration removes particles over 0.1 microns in size. Ultrafiltration removes bacteria, viruses, and other particles smaller than microfiltration. Nanofiltration also removes organic matter and divalent ions to soften water. Reverse osmosis removes virtually all dissolved substances including microbes by using a semipermeable membrane with 0.1 nm pores. These nanotechnology techniques provide effective methods for purifying water.
Nuclear waste management involves handling nuclear wastes from nuclear power plants and industries according to scientific rules and regulations. The objective is to protect human health and the environment by isolating radioactive waste. Waste management includes pretreatment, treatment, conditioning, storage, retrieval, and disposal of nuclear wastes. Disposal methods aim to immobilize waste in insoluble matrices and seal it in corrosion-resistant containers located deep underground in stable rock structures like Yucca Mountain to isolate it from the environment.
This document provides an introduction to 2D materials, including a brief history and overview of types. It discusses graphene, the earliest known 2D material, which consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure. Graphene is nearly transparent, yet over 100 times stronger than steel. It has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of any known material. The document also mentions other 2D materials like germanene, silicene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides.
Fireworks and its ill effects on atmosphere and greenhouse effectSOBITAMARNATH
Fireworks originate from China and were originally invented to scare away evil spirits. They have since become popular entertainment items that are classified as either ground or aerial fireworks. Fireworks produce extensive air pollution through the release of metal particles, toxins, and smoke that can linger for hours or days and negatively impact health by causing issues like coughing, wheezing, and heart attacks. Burning firecrackers emits gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen/sulfur oxides that create a greenhouse effect trapping heat at the Earth's surface and contributing to global warming.
Nanotechnology is a field that deals with things at molecular level that is as tiny as 10^(-9) of units and finds very useful implementations from cleaning clothes to curing the "incurable"--CANCER.
The document discusses plasmonic nanoantennas and their use in controlling the radiative properties of nanoemitters. It begins with a brief history of plasmonics and defines key concepts like localized surface plasmon resonances and nanoantennas. It then covers topics like the effects of nanoantenna shape and fabrication techniques. Applications discussed include surface-enhanced spectroscopy, fluorescence, solar cells, and nanomedicine. In conclusion, nanoantennas can modify emission properties and provide field enhancement and confinement, enabling applications while fabrication challenges at the nanoscale remain.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, which is approximately 100 nanometers or smaller than the width of a human hair. It has applications in electronics, automotive, engineering, medicine, cosmetics, textiles, sports, and chemicals. Some examples include nano transistors in electronics, fuel cells, OLED displays, batteries, and solar cells. Nanotechnology promises advantages like increased strength, lighter weight, lower cost, and more precision and durability. However, there are also disadvantages like potential job losses, health risks from carbon nanotubes, high initial costs, and concerns about enabling more destructive weapons. Researchers are optimistic about the future products enabled by this new technology and nanotechnology is poised to usher in a
Nanotechnology is the emerging technology in almost all fields of science ..It is preferred and studied due to its high efficiency in all fields of its application... Also being used in overcoming or eliminating environmental pollution to a greater level, this presentation is all about how Nanotechnology is useful in treating polluted water
Nanotechnology for sustainable wastewater treatmentTejas Thakur
This document discusses various nanotechnology techniques for water treatment, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Microfiltration removes particles over 0.1 microns in size. Ultrafiltration removes bacteria, viruses, and other particles smaller than microfiltration. Nanofiltration also removes organic matter and divalent ions to soften water. Reverse osmosis removes virtually all dissolved substances including microbes by using a semipermeable membrane with 0.1 nm pores. These nanotechnology techniques provide effective methods for purifying water.
Nuclear waste management involves handling nuclear wastes from nuclear power plants and industries according to scientific rules and regulations. The objective is to protect human health and the environment by isolating radioactive waste. Waste management includes pretreatment, treatment, conditioning, storage, retrieval, and disposal of nuclear wastes. Disposal methods aim to immobilize waste in insoluble matrices and seal it in corrosion-resistant containers located deep underground in stable rock structures like Yucca Mountain to isolate it from the environment.
Nuclear pollution is caused by nuclear explosions and the generation of nuclear energy through fission or fusion. It produces radioactive pollution in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation that enters the atmosphere and eventually falls back to Earth. This radiation can damage plants and animals, and cause diseases and health effects in humans like skin diseases, reproductive organ damage, abnormal bone marrow, retinal damage, and shortened lifespans. Control measures include proper maintenance of nuclear plants, limiting nuclear experiments and weapons, safe transportation and storage of nuclear materials, minimizing nuclear element use, and safely disposing of radioactive waste.
The document discusses structural, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of CrSi2 thin films. It describes how 1 μm and 0.1 μm CrSi2 thin films were prepared by RF sputtering onto quartz substrates under various conditions. Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the structural and compositional properties of the thin films, including XRD, SEM, and EDAX. Seebeck coefficient measurements of the thin films found values ranging from 30-80 μV/K depending on annealing temperature and film thickness. Overall the document examines how processing conditions affect the properties of CrSi2 thin films and their potential for thermoelectric applications.
The IAEA works to maximize the benefits of nuclear technology through peaceful means while verifying its safe and secure use. It provides safeguards and inspections of nuclear facilities to ensure compliance with non-proliferation treaties. The IAEA also promotes the safe and secure use of nuclear materials for applications in industry, medicine, agriculture and more. In addition, it provides technical cooperation to developing nations regarding issues like contaminated water, diseases and malnutrition.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was founded in 1957 out of fears around nuclear energy use following its discovery. It aims to help nations use atomic energy positively and safely as part of Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace initiative. The IAEA works with member nations including the Soviet Union, Europe, UK, and France to increase nuclear safety, improve crops and health, and monitor climate change through nuclear science, technology, and power assistance.
This document provides information on several Indian aircraft inspired by bird designs and flight characteristics. It summarizes key details of aircraft including the HAL Tejas, HJT-36 Sitara, HJT-16 Kiran, HAL Dhruv, Hindustan Cheetah, Jaguar, Sukhoi-30, and Dornier DO-228, outlining their roles, origins, manufacturers, flight dates, operators, and production numbers.
1. Tomcats, also known as Paederus riparius, are small beetles found in humid areas that can release toxic fluids from their bodies that cause skin irritation if they come into contact with humans.
2. The toxins are called "aederin" and are powerful, being 12 times stronger than cobra venom. Contact with the toxins causes skin reactions like itching, blistering, and redness.
3. To treat exposure, wash the affected skin with soap and water immediately. Apply antiseptic or low-strength steroid creams to reduce injury and itching. Seek medical help for severe reactions.
Presentation by Preet K Dhillon during the panel on 'Health Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution, as part of the CPR Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment Clearing the Air Seminar Series. This event was organised in partnership with the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI)
The document discusses how 2D materials can advance energy storage and discusses several research projects utilizing 2D materials for lithium and sodium-ion batteries. It summarizes that integrating selected 2D lithium host materials into 3D architectures can improve electrochemical performance through increased surface area and diffusion pathways. Composite 2D-3D microstructures incorporating graphene offer multiple functional enhancements for energy storage systems. There is a need to explore advanced manufacturing methods for nanostructured materials.
Radioactive Waste Management ABHIJEET 13011092 FINALABHIJEET PANDA
This document discusses radioactive waste management in India. It begins with an introduction to nuclear waste and sources. It then covers reasons for limiting nuclear power due to health and environmental impacts from waste. Nuclear power is called climate-friendly as it generates power without carbon dioxide. Waste is classified by radioactivity level into low, intermediate, and high. Management according to Bhabha Atomic Research Centre focuses on minimization, volume reduction, immobilization into glass, and interim storage. Disposal methods discussed include above ground, geological, deep borehole while ocean and space disposal are impractical. India has achieved self-reliance in radioactive waste management to international standards.
1. NUCLEAR POLLUTION presented by K. MAHESH VARMA, email: kmvarma.4@gmail.com
2. Quotation on nuclear pollution and its effects.
3. What actually Nuclear Pollution is?
4. Definition of Nuclear Fission reaction.
5. Causes of Nuclear Pollution.
6. Effects of Nuclear Pollution.
7. Some live examples of Nuclear Pollution...
8. Photographs of HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI.
9. Have you remember the tragedy of FUKUSHIMA
10. About Fukushima tragedy and iodine effect in nuclear pollution.
11. Control of Nuclear Pollution.
12. Thank you Friends... :)
This ppt is about water pollution, causes, sources, effects, control, water quality standards, waste water treatments and its types, oxidation ponds and ganga action plan
This presentation introduces two-dimensional materials like graphene. It defines two-dimensional materials as being only one or two atoms thick and able to conduct electrons freely within their plane. The document discusses how graphene, being a single layer of graphite, is the strongest material yet and can efficiently conduct heat and electricity. It notes graphene's potential applications in electronics, solar cells, and biomedicine. In conclusion, two-dimensional materials like graphene are seen as having great potential for developing new nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and flexible devices.
The document discusses chemical pollution caused by various sources including insecticides, fertilizers, waste materials, smoke from transportation and industries, and food colorings. Insecticides and fertilizers used by farmers can kill beneficial insects and cause health issues if consumed. Improper disposal of garbage and plastics leads to atmospheric and environmental pollution. Emissions from vehicles and industries contribute to acid rain and lower soil fertility. Food colorings are added to foods to make them more attractive but can negatively impact human health and cause diseases. The document recommends establishing regulations on industrial waste and emissions and encouraging organic fertilizers to control chemical pollution.
Using low cost particle sensors for characterisation of urban air pollution: ...IES / IAQM
A presentation from RTCA17, held on 24th-25th October 2017.
The production of low-cost air quality sensors is a fast growing field, which is offering exciting possibilities for the expert and non-expert alike. Their low cost brings the technology into the financial reach of non-professional communities, for example, schools and interested/concerned individuals. For the research and consultant communities, they bring the possibility of high-density spatial mapping. To be useful, these devices need quality assurance and quality checking (QA/QC) to be undertaken under environmental conditions relevant to their location of deployment. In this talk, Francis will discuss findings from field campaigns conducted in Birmingham, UK and Nairobi, Kenya using the Alphasense OPC-N2 optical particle counter for measuring PM10 and PM2.5. Overall, the OPC-N2 devices were found to measure accurately ambient airborne particle mass concentration provided they were correctly calibrated. Future applications and directions will be discussed.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is important tools for surface and interface study. Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) belongs to the TEM family, I added some know-how about DFT simulation of EELS spectrum. I showed some tricks and caution which I found important. Please send me a note for questions and comments
This document discusses two major gas leak incidents - the Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984 and the Vizag gas leak of 2020. It then discusses the concepts of ecotoxicology and how toxic substances can transfer and accumulate in the environment. Specific topics covered include biomagnification, bioconcentration, bioavailability, and the use of factors like BCF, BTF, BAF and BMF to measure bioaccumulation. Heavy metal pollution in Mumbai's Mithi River is given as an example. The science dealing with chemical uptake, movement, and effects in the environment is identified as chemodynamics. Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds is also discussed.
Geometry, combinatorics, computation with ZeolitesIgor Rivin
- Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicate minerals with a microporous structure. They were originally coined based on their ability to "boil" or dance when heated rapidly due to evaporating water.
- Zeolites are very porous and this porosity allows them to be used for a variety of industrial and commercial applications including petrochemical catalysis, water purification, nuclear waste storage, and more. Some of their key properties exploited include molecular sieving abilities, ion exchange, and chemical reactivity.
- The document then discusses several uses of zeolites in more detail, including in petrochemical processing, commercial and domestic water purification, agriculture, animal welfare, construction, detergents
E-waste refers to electronic products that are near or at the end of their useful life. It contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can harm the environment and human health. The amount of e-waste is increasing rapidly as electronics usage grows. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe methods. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, recycling, and treatment to safely handle toxins. The government is working with organizations and implementing regulations, but increased awareness and producer responsibility are still needed to address this challenging waste stream.
E-waste or electronic waste refers to old, end-of-life electronics that are discarded. India generates around 0.8 million tons of e-waste annually, which is growing by 10% each year. E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury and needs to be properly managed to avoid environmental pollution and health impacts. Common approaches to managing e-waste include reuse, refurbishment, material recovery through formal recycling, and environmentally-sound disposal. However, in India much of the e-waste is handled by the informal sector, which recovers valuable materials but can also lead to environmental and health issues due to unsafe practices. Improved regulations, take-back programs, and awareness
Nuclear pollution is caused by nuclear explosions and the generation of nuclear energy through fission or fusion. It produces radioactive pollution in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation that enters the atmosphere and eventually falls back to Earth. This radiation can damage plants and animals, and cause diseases and health effects in humans like skin diseases, reproductive organ damage, abnormal bone marrow, retinal damage, and shortened lifespans. Control measures include proper maintenance of nuclear plants, limiting nuclear experiments and weapons, safe transportation and storage of nuclear materials, minimizing nuclear element use, and safely disposing of radioactive waste.
The document discusses structural, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of CrSi2 thin films. It describes how 1 μm and 0.1 μm CrSi2 thin films were prepared by RF sputtering onto quartz substrates under various conditions. Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the structural and compositional properties of the thin films, including XRD, SEM, and EDAX. Seebeck coefficient measurements of the thin films found values ranging from 30-80 μV/K depending on annealing temperature and film thickness. Overall the document examines how processing conditions affect the properties of CrSi2 thin films and their potential for thermoelectric applications.
The IAEA works to maximize the benefits of nuclear technology through peaceful means while verifying its safe and secure use. It provides safeguards and inspections of nuclear facilities to ensure compliance with non-proliferation treaties. The IAEA also promotes the safe and secure use of nuclear materials for applications in industry, medicine, agriculture and more. In addition, it provides technical cooperation to developing nations regarding issues like contaminated water, diseases and malnutrition.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was founded in 1957 out of fears around nuclear energy use following its discovery. It aims to help nations use atomic energy positively and safely as part of Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace initiative. The IAEA works with member nations including the Soviet Union, Europe, UK, and France to increase nuclear safety, improve crops and health, and monitor climate change through nuclear science, technology, and power assistance.
This document provides information on several Indian aircraft inspired by bird designs and flight characteristics. It summarizes key details of aircraft including the HAL Tejas, HJT-36 Sitara, HJT-16 Kiran, HAL Dhruv, Hindustan Cheetah, Jaguar, Sukhoi-30, and Dornier DO-228, outlining their roles, origins, manufacturers, flight dates, operators, and production numbers.
1. Tomcats, also known as Paederus riparius, are small beetles found in humid areas that can release toxic fluids from their bodies that cause skin irritation if they come into contact with humans.
2. The toxins are called "aederin" and are powerful, being 12 times stronger than cobra venom. Contact with the toxins causes skin reactions like itching, blistering, and redness.
3. To treat exposure, wash the affected skin with soap and water immediately. Apply antiseptic or low-strength steroid creams to reduce injury and itching. Seek medical help for severe reactions.
Presentation by Preet K Dhillon during the panel on 'Health Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution, as part of the CPR Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment Clearing the Air Seminar Series. This event was organised in partnership with the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI)
The document discusses how 2D materials can advance energy storage and discusses several research projects utilizing 2D materials for lithium and sodium-ion batteries. It summarizes that integrating selected 2D lithium host materials into 3D architectures can improve electrochemical performance through increased surface area and diffusion pathways. Composite 2D-3D microstructures incorporating graphene offer multiple functional enhancements for energy storage systems. There is a need to explore advanced manufacturing methods for nanostructured materials.
Radioactive Waste Management ABHIJEET 13011092 FINALABHIJEET PANDA
This document discusses radioactive waste management in India. It begins with an introduction to nuclear waste and sources. It then covers reasons for limiting nuclear power due to health and environmental impacts from waste. Nuclear power is called climate-friendly as it generates power without carbon dioxide. Waste is classified by radioactivity level into low, intermediate, and high. Management according to Bhabha Atomic Research Centre focuses on minimization, volume reduction, immobilization into glass, and interim storage. Disposal methods discussed include above ground, geological, deep borehole while ocean and space disposal are impractical. India has achieved self-reliance in radioactive waste management to international standards.
1. NUCLEAR POLLUTION presented by K. MAHESH VARMA, email: kmvarma.4@gmail.com
2. Quotation on nuclear pollution and its effects.
3. What actually Nuclear Pollution is?
4. Definition of Nuclear Fission reaction.
5. Causes of Nuclear Pollution.
6. Effects of Nuclear Pollution.
7. Some live examples of Nuclear Pollution...
8. Photographs of HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI.
9. Have you remember the tragedy of FUKUSHIMA
10. About Fukushima tragedy and iodine effect in nuclear pollution.
11. Control of Nuclear Pollution.
12. Thank you Friends... :)
This ppt is about water pollution, causes, sources, effects, control, water quality standards, waste water treatments and its types, oxidation ponds and ganga action plan
This presentation introduces two-dimensional materials like graphene. It defines two-dimensional materials as being only one or two atoms thick and able to conduct electrons freely within their plane. The document discusses how graphene, being a single layer of graphite, is the strongest material yet and can efficiently conduct heat and electricity. It notes graphene's potential applications in electronics, solar cells, and biomedicine. In conclusion, two-dimensional materials like graphene are seen as having great potential for developing new nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and flexible devices.
The document discusses chemical pollution caused by various sources including insecticides, fertilizers, waste materials, smoke from transportation and industries, and food colorings. Insecticides and fertilizers used by farmers can kill beneficial insects and cause health issues if consumed. Improper disposal of garbage and plastics leads to atmospheric and environmental pollution. Emissions from vehicles and industries contribute to acid rain and lower soil fertility. Food colorings are added to foods to make them more attractive but can negatively impact human health and cause diseases. The document recommends establishing regulations on industrial waste and emissions and encouraging organic fertilizers to control chemical pollution.
Using low cost particle sensors for characterisation of urban air pollution: ...IES / IAQM
A presentation from RTCA17, held on 24th-25th October 2017.
The production of low-cost air quality sensors is a fast growing field, which is offering exciting possibilities for the expert and non-expert alike. Their low cost brings the technology into the financial reach of non-professional communities, for example, schools and interested/concerned individuals. For the research and consultant communities, they bring the possibility of high-density spatial mapping. To be useful, these devices need quality assurance and quality checking (QA/QC) to be undertaken under environmental conditions relevant to their location of deployment. In this talk, Francis will discuss findings from field campaigns conducted in Birmingham, UK and Nairobi, Kenya using the Alphasense OPC-N2 optical particle counter for measuring PM10 and PM2.5. Overall, the OPC-N2 devices were found to measure accurately ambient airborne particle mass concentration provided they were correctly calibrated. Future applications and directions will be discussed.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is important tools for surface and interface study. Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) belongs to the TEM family, I added some know-how about DFT simulation of EELS spectrum. I showed some tricks and caution which I found important. Please send me a note for questions and comments
This document discusses two major gas leak incidents - the Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984 and the Vizag gas leak of 2020. It then discusses the concepts of ecotoxicology and how toxic substances can transfer and accumulate in the environment. Specific topics covered include biomagnification, bioconcentration, bioavailability, and the use of factors like BCF, BTF, BAF and BMF to measure bioaccumulation. Heavy metal pollution in Mumbai's Mithi River is given as an example. The science dealing with chemical uptake, movement, and effects in the environment is identified as chemodynamics. Biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds is also discussed.
Geometry, combinatorics, computation with ZeolitesIgor Rivin
- Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicate minerals with a microporous structure. They were originally coined based on their ability to "boil" or dance when heated rapidly due to evaporating water.
- Zeolites are very porous and this porosity allows them to be used for a variety of industrial and commercial applications including petrochemical catalysis, water purification, nuclear waste storage, and more. Some of their key properties exploited include molecular sieving abilities, ion exchange, and chemical reactivity.
- The document then discusses several uses of zeolites in more detail, including in petrochemical processing, commercial and domestic water purification, agriculture, animal welfare, construction, detergents
E-waste refers to electronic products that are near or at the end of their useful life. It contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can harm the environment and human health. The amount of e-waste is increasing rapidly as electronics usage grows. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe methods. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, recycling, and treatment to safely handle toxins. The government is working with organizations and implementing regulations, but increased awareness and producer responsibility are still needed to address this challenging waste stream.
E-waste or electronic waste refers to old, end-of-life electronics that are discarded. India generates around 0.8 million tons of e-waste annually, which is growing by 10% each year. E-waste contains hazardous materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury and needs to be properly managed to avoid environmental pollution and health impacts. Common approaches to managing e-waste include reuse, refurbishment, material recovery through formal recycling, and environmentally-sound disposal. However, in India much of the e-waste is handled by the informal sector, which recovers valuable materials but can also lead to environmental and health issues due to unsafe practices. Improved regulations, take-back programs, and awareness
This document provides information about Deshwal E-Waste Recycler, an authorized e-waste recycling company in Rajasthan, India. It discusses [1] the company's experience in electronics sales and motivation for starting e-waste recycling, [2] definitions and types of e-waste, [3] current unsafe disposal techniques, and [4] the company's environmentally friendly recycling process and membership benefits for customers.
Exigo recycling an e waste management companyRaman Sharma
The above PPT has been created for the company based out in Delhi to create an awareness all across the globe for the management of e waste by recycling it.
This document discusses e-waste management in India. It begins by defining e-waste and explaining why it needs to be managed, as it contains toxic substances and is one of the fastest growing waste streams in India. The composition of e-waste is described, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastics, and printed circuit boards. Generation of e-waste in India is estimated to be around 1.7 million metric tons annually but is difficult to accurately quantify due to challenges with inventorying e-waste. The evolution of e-waste policy and rules in India from 2011 to 2016 is outlined, including the introduction of concepts like extended producer responsibility and increased targets for e-waste collection. Finally, different business models
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), its sources and characteristics. It notes that e-waste is the fastest growing waste stream and is composed of both valuable and hazardous materials. The document outlines the Indian e-waste scenario, noting that e-waste generation is expected to significantly increase by 2020 and that most e-waste management is currently unorganized. It concludes by stressing the need for a national e-waste policy and framework in India to properly manage increasing e-waste in an environmentally sound manner.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its impact. It defines e-waste as discarded electronic items like computers and phones. E-waste is dangerous if improperly disposed of, as components can leach toxic chemicals into soil and water. The document outlines how e-waste affects life through land and air pollution and health issues. It provides statistics on India's large and growing e-waste volumes. It also describes e-waste management approaches like recycling and calls for responsible actions from governments, industries, and citizens to properly handle e-waste.
A study of Cost Comparison of Outsourcing vs Inbuilt facility for Biomedical ...Dr. Varun Goyal
This document summarizes a study comparing the cost of outsourcing biomedical waste management versus establishing an in-house facility at a government hospital in Chandigarh, India. The study found that establishing an in-house facility would cost approximately Rs. 8.6 per bed per day to operate, compared to Rs. 10.90 per bed per day for outsourcing, resulting in a net annual savings of over Rs. 500,000. Additional savings could be achieved by expanding the in-house facility's capacity or by generating revenue from other hospitals. The upfront installation costs of the in-house facility would pay for itself within 12-13 years of operation. In conclusion, an in-house biomedical waste
This document provides an overview of e-waste (electronic waste) processing. It begins by defining e-waste and listing some of the common electronic devices that are considered e-waste. It then discusses some of the drawbacks of e-waste, such as security and privacy risks from discarded hard drives and environmental pollution caused by chemicals in electronics. The document outlines the need for e-waste processing to reduce pollution and notes some of the equipment used in processing, including equipment for processing cathode ray tubes, printed circuit boards, and cables/wires. It provides a brief overview of how e-waste is typically processed, including dismantling, shredding, and separating materials. It also mentions some of the difficulties in processing
R3 TREES - Integrated Management of Urban Green AreasPaolo Viskanic
R3 GIS is an Italian company that develops green area management software called R3 TREES. The software allows multiple stakeholders to access a central geodatabase of urban green space assets. It facilitates jobs, inspections, and workflows while also providing citizen information through public maps. R3 TREES supports management of various asset types and integrates tools for data entry, quality control, historical records, and more to help municipalities efficiently maintain their urban green areas.
On 12 May 2011 the Bath Branch held a lively meeting at the Bath Spa Hotel at which Simon Drury, representing WRAP (Waste & Resources Action Programme), gave a presentation on the Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment Regulations (WEEE). Simon's presentation really engaged with the members present and a lively evening was finished off with a practical demonstartion as participants were invited to dismantle common household items (and electric kettle and a desktop fan) to try to see how their design could be imporved to make their eventual recycling easier and more complete.
Municipal Solid Waste Management - Observations on Presentations K D BhardwajRojarsharin
This document summarizes observations from country case study presentations on solid waste management at a workshop in Jeju, South Korea. It provides key data on waste generation rates and practices for various cities in Bangladesh, China, India, Kiribati, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Common issues across locations included lack of proper waste processing facilities, low priority of waste reduction and recycling, and need for greater government commitment and public-private partnerships to improve waste management.
Vasumitra Life Energies provide the solution to current problem that India is facing. The P.R.O.M. (Phosphate Rich Organic Manure) or Samved Humiphos is manufactured and marketed as alternative to Single Super Phosphate (SSP) and Di ammonium Phosphate (DAP).
Sustainable Practices of E-Waste Management: Keyactors, Obstacles and Way-for...4Ventures Legacy (4VL)
It will discuss E-waste management system in Malaysia in comparison to 3 case studies: China, European Union and South Africa. Three of the main gist of this presentation is to focus on keyactors, obstacles and way-forward (mechanism).
This document discusses e-waste management issues in India. It defines e-waste as old or obsolete electrical and electronic equipment such as computers, mobile phones, televisions, etc. E-waste is growing rapidly due to short life cycles and planned obsolescence of electronic devices. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe recycling methods that release toxic substances like lead, cadmium, and mercury into the environment. This poses serious health risks. While e-waste contains recoverable materials, the current practices are inefficient and polluting. The document outlines the responsibilities of producers under India's E-Waste Management Rules and calls for better implementation of regulations to promote formal, safe recycling of e-
1. The document discusses policy management, beginning with an overview of its history and evolution over time at various companies.
2. It explains the key principles of policy management, including using the PDCA (plan-do-check-act) cycle to establish policies, deploy them, review their effectiveness, and incorporate lessons learned into future policies.
3. The policy setting process involves analyzing internal and external factors, setting directions and targets, identifying necessary strategies, and ensuring the means are sufficient to achieve the policies.
This document discusses e-waste, which is defined as discarded electrical and electronic equipment. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams due to high obsolescence rates of electronics. E-waste contains toxic components like lead, cadmium, and mercury if improperly treated or discarded. Developed countries generate most e-waste but export it to developing countries in violation of international agreements. In India, e-waste is illegally imported and then crudely recycled, polluting the environment due to a lack of regulation. The document classifies e-waste and examines its composition and the health effects of some common toxic components like lead, cadmium, and mercury.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It defines e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. E-waste is a growing problem due to the toxic materials it contains and improper disposal methods. The document outlines sources of e-waste, its components, and disposal challenges. It advocates for greater reuse and recycling of e-waste to reduce environmental contamination and protect human health.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It begins by defining e-waste as discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, and cell phones. It then notes that 50 million tons of e-waste are produced annually, much of which is improperly disposed of. The document outlines the various sources of e-waste and how electronics become waste. It also describes the toxic constituents in e-waste and their environmental and health impacts if not handled properly. Current e-waste disposal and recycling practices are discussed, along with their advantages and challenges. The conclusion emphasizes the need for safer e-waste management and increased awareness.
The document discusses e-waste management in India. It defines e-waste and its composition, which includes valuable and hazardous materials. Improper e-waste disposal pollutes air, soil and water. It affects human health and environment. The document outlines issues with e-waste in India like volumes generated, lack of infrastructure, child labor in recycling. It describes regulations and responsibilities of producers, consumers and recyclers in e-waste management.
This document provides an overview of e-waste (electronic waste), including:
- E-waste is a growing problem globally and in India due to rapid changes in technology.
- Informal recycling of e-waste dominates in India and poses major health and environmental hazards due to unsafe practices and exposure to toxic materials.
- International agreements and national regulations in India have been established to better manage e-waste, but challenges remain around enforcement and formalization of the recycling industry.
This document provides an overview of the proper use of hand tools for computer hardware servicing. It defines various tools and groups them into four categories: electro-static discharge tools to prevent static damage, hand tools that can be manually or electrically operated, cleaning tools to maintain components, and diagnostic tools to test circuits and functionality. The document stresses safely selecting the right tool for each task and taking precautions such as using anti-static wrist straps, mats, and properly maintaining tools.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its sources and management. It defines e-waste as unwanted, broken, or discarded electronic devices such as computers, TVs, cell phones, and other appliances. Major sources of e-waste include homes, hospitals, government offices, and private sectors. E-waste is increasing due to advances in technology, changing styles and fashions, devices reaching the end of their useful lives, and lack of precautions when handling devices. The document outlines some constituents of e-waste and methods for recycling, including disassembly, upgrading materials, and material recovery.
This document discusses e-waste management and proper disposal methods. It defines e-waste as obsolete electronic equipment connected to power sources. E-waste is categorized into seven types including ICT equipment, office electronics, large and small household appliances, consumer equipment, medical devices, and toys. The document provides guidelines for collecting, segregating, and disposing of e-waste through recycling, donation, manufacturer take-back programs, and certified collection centers to prevent environmental pollution and health hazards.
The document discusses e-waste management and proper disposal methods. It defines e-waste as obsolete electronic equipment connected to power or containing batteries. E-waste is categorized into seven main types including ICT equipment, office electronics, large and small household appliances, consumer equipment, medical devices, and toys/sports equipment. The document provides guidelines for collecting, segregating, and disposing of e-waste through recycling, donation, manufacturer take-back programs, and certified collection centers to prevent environmental pollution and health hazards.
Electronic waste is a rapidly growing problem as obsolete electronics are discarded. India generates around 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to increase substantially. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe practices like open burning and acid baths, releasing toxic materials into the environment. Proper e-waste management and regulations are needed to promote recycling and reduce environmental contamination from this growing waste stream.
This document discusses e-waste management. It defines e-waste as obsolete electronic devices, outlines its various components and generators. E-waste is growing rapidly due to technology obsolescence and contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium and mercury. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using dangerous practices, while formal recycling is increasing. Effective e-waste management requires an integrated approach between informal and formal sectors along with policies, collection systems and public awareness.
Green computing aims to reduce the environmental impact of computers and associated technologies. It promotes energy efficient and environmentally sustainable computing practices in areas like hardware design, power management, waste disposal and recycling. Adopting green computing approaches such as using EPEAT certified equipment, power management features and responsible e-waste disposal can help lower energy usage, reduce toxic emissions and minimize electronic waste.
The document summarizes several US and international laws and directives governing electronic waste recycling and management. It discusses mandates from laws like RCRA, CERCLA, and HIPAA that make organizations responsible for the proper disposal and security of electronic waste and data. Regulations like the WEEE Directive and RoHS restrict hazardous materials in electronics and require manufacturers to finance electronic waste collection and recycling. The document also outlines the recycling process for components like CRTs.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) in India. It begins with introductions stating that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and that India has over 100 million PC and 800 million mobile users generating e-waste. It then defines e-waste as improperly disposed electronics such as computers, electronics from homes, hospitals, and businesses. Sources and types of e-waste are described along with its effects on the environment like soil, air and water pollution, and on human health through toxic chemicals. Current methods of e-waste disposal in India are discussed like landfilling, incineration, and informal recycling practices. The document concludes calling for a national framework for sound e-waste management in India through public
GREEN CITIZEN’S GUIDE - I RECYCLE - ELECTRIC/ELECTRONICAL DEVICESCamille Delcour
In 2009, nearly 50,000 tons of electronic and electrical devices were collected for recycling in Greece, with around 85% being recycled. However, many resources are lost when such devices are thrown in regular garbage bins instead of the special bins for electronic and electrical devices (EED) located in stores. These special bins can be used to recycle a wide range of large and small household devices, IT and telecommunications equipment, consumer equipment, lighting equipment, electrical and electronic tools, entertainment and sports equipment, and medical devices. Citizens are encouraged to share information about EED recycling in their neighborhoods.
Green computing aims to reduce the environmental impact of computers and promote sustainability. It addresses issues like wasteful energy consumption when devices are left on, toxic chemicals used in manufacturing that can pollute the environment, and large amounts of e-waste from device disposal. Solutions include using power-saving modes, recycling and refurbishing old devices, and developing less toxic materials. While companies are taking steps like eliminating hazardous chemicals and improving recycling programs, more progress is still needed regarding global take-back initiatives and developing fully green product lines.
E-waste refers to obsolete, broken, or discarded electrical or electronic devices. The document discusses the sources, composition, impacts, and proper disposal of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Improper disposal of e-waste through landfilling or incineration can pollute the environment and harm human health. Recycling e-waste helps reduce these impacts and recover valuable materials. Individual actions like recycling old electronics can help address the growing problem of e-waste.
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Technologies for Sustainable e-Waste Management Solutions
1. Technologies for Sustainable
e-Waste Management
Solutions
Ernesto E. Empig, DiSDS ICT4SD
MSU – Iligan Institute of Technology
Professor: Dr. Ermelinda Tobias
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
3. E-Waste Categories
WEEEDirective(EU,2002a)
• “Electrical or electronic equipment which is waste
including all components, subassemblies and
consumables, which are part of the product at the
time of discarding.”
• Directive 75/442/EEC, Article 1(a) defines “waste” as
“any substance or object which the holder disposes of
or is required to dispose of pursuant to the provisions
of national law in force.”
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
5. Categories of electrical and electronic
equipment covered by this Directive
1. Large household appliances
2. Small household appliances
3. IT and telecommunications equipment
4. Consumer equipment
5. Lighting equipment
6. Electrical and electronic tools (with the exception of large-scale stationary
industrial tools)
7. Toys, leisure and sports equipment
8. Medical devices (with the exception of all implanted and infected products)
9. Monitoring and control instruments
10. Automatic dispensers
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
6. 1. Large household appliances
• Large cooling appliances
• Refrigerators
• Freezers
• Other large appliances used for refrigeration,
conservation and storage of food
• Washing machines
• Clothes dryers
• Dish washing machines
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
7. 1. Large household appliances
• Cooking
• Electric hot plates
• Microwaves
• Other large appliances used for cooking and other
processing of food
• Electric heating appliances
• Electric radiators
• Other fanning, exhaust ventilation and conditioning
equipment
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
8. Small household appliances
• Vacuum cleaners
• Carpet sweepers
• Other appliances for cleaning
• Appliances used for sewing, knitting, weaving and
other processing for textiles
• Iron and other appliances for ironing, mangling and
other care of clothing
• Toasters
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
9. Small household appliances
• Fryers
• Grinders, coffee machines and equipment for opening or
sealing containers or packages
• Electric knives
• Appliances for hair-cutting, hair drying, tooth brushing,
shaving, massage and other body care appliances
• Clocks, watches and equipment for the purpose of
measuring indicating or registering time Scales.
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
10. IT and telecommunications equipment
• Centralized data processing
• Mainframes
• Minicomputers
• Printer units
• Personal computing:
• Personal computers (CPU, mouse, screen and keyboard
included)
• Laptop computer (CPU, mouse, screen and keyboard
included)
• Notebook computers
• Notepad computers
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
11. IT and telecommunications equipment
• Printers
• Copying equipment
• Electrical and electronic typewriters
• Pocket and desk calculators And other products and
equipment for the collection, storage, processing,
presentation or communication of information by
electronic means
• User terminals and systems
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
12. IT and telecommunications equipment
• Facsimile, Telex, Telephones
• Pay telephones
• Cordless telephones
• Cellular telephones
• Answering systems
• And other products or equipment of transmitting
sound, images or other information by
telecommunications
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
13. 4. Consumer equipment
• Radio sets
• Television sets
• Video cameras
• Video recorders
• Hi-fi recorders
• Audio amplifiers
• Musical instruments
• Other products or equipment for the purpose of recording or
reproducing sound or image, including signals or other technologies
for the distribution of sound and image than by telecommunications
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
14. 5. Lighting equipment
• Luminaries for fluorescent lamps with the exception
of luminaries in households
• Straight fluorescent lamps
• Compact fluorescent lamps
• High intensity discharge lamps, including pressure
sodium lamps and metal lamps
• Low pressure sodium lamps
• Other lighting or equipment for the purpose of
spreading or controlling light with the exception of
filament bulbs
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
15. 6.Electrical andelectronic tools (with the exception large-
scalestationary industrial tools)
• Drills
• Saws
• Sewing machines
• Equipment for turning, milling, sanding, grinding, sawing, cutting,
shearing, drilling, making, holes, punching, folding, bending or
similar processing of wood, metal and other materials
• Tools for riveting, nailing or screwing or removing rivets, nails, screws
or similar uses
• Tools for welding, soldering or similar use
• Equipment for spraying, spreading, dispersing or other treatment of
liquid or gaseous substances by other means
• Tools for mowing or other gardening activities
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
16. 7. Toys, leisure and sports equipment
• Electric trains or car racing sets
• Hand-held video game consoles
• Video games
• Computers for biking, diving, running, rowing,
etc.
• Sports equipment with electric or electronic
components
• Coin slot machines
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
17. 8. Medical devices (with the exception of all
implanted and infected products)
• Radiotherapy equipment
• Cardiology
• Dialysis
• Pulmonary ventilators
• Nuclear medicine
• Laboratory equipment for in-vitro diagnosis
• Analysers
• Freezers
• Fertilization tests
• Other appliances for detecting, preventing, monitoring,
treating, alleviating illness, injury or disability
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
18. 9. Monitoring and controlinstruments
• Smoke detector
• Heating regulators
• Thermostats
• Measuring, weighing or adjusting appliances for
household or as laboratory equipment
• Other monitoring and control instruments used in
industrial installations (e.g. in control panels)
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
19. 10. Automatic dispensers
• Automatic dispensers for hot drinks
• Automatic dispensers for hot or cold bottles or cans
• Automatic dispensers for solid products
• Automatic dispensers for money
• All appliances which deliver automatically all kind of
products
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
21. National and Social Policies/ Laws/
Regulations/ Institutional Roles in Developed
Countries
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
22. 1. Policies/ Laws/ Regulation
• “Extended Producer Responsibility” or “Product Take Back”
forms the basis of policy framework in developed countries.
• WEEE directives provide a regulatory basis for collection,
recovery and reuse/ recycling targets in EU (European Union)
• The fundamental principle of WEEE directive is “Extended
Producer Responsibility”, where producers are responsible for
WEEE/ E-waste take back.
• Countries like Japan have regulations focused on “Reuse,
Recycling and Recovery”.
• Other countries like Canada and Australia are developing their
systems based on the similar principles of “Extended Producer
Responsibility”.
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
23. 2. Institutional Mechanism
•Institutional mechanism for WEEE/E-
waste management system has been
described in terms of three elements:
1. Collection Systems
2. National Registry
3. Logistics
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
24. Collection Systems
• Regulation in each country provides the basis of WEEE/ E-waste
collection system. There are two generic categories of
collection systems at national level i.e. “collective system
(monopoly)” and competition based “clearing house system”
for managing WEEE/E-waste.
• The collective system is a system which is responsible for
collection, recycling and financing of all or major part of
WEEE/ E-waste within national boundaries.
• The clearing house system is a system in which multiple
partners (producers, recyclers, and waste organizations) can
provide services on a competitive basis. The government
ensures that there is a register of producers and it defines
the allocation mechanisms, and reporting and monitoring
systems.
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
25. National Registry
• Any registered body/ agency, which maintains the
register of producers/ recyclers/ waste organizations,
inventory of WEEE/E-waste has been defined as
national registry.
• This body/ agency can also determine collection
obligation of each producer and ensure equitable
compliance.
• This body/ agency could be any government entity or
a non-profit organization recogniz
ErnestoE.Empig,DiSDSICT4SD;
Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
26. Logistics
• There are three primary channels of WEEE/E-waste collection;
municipal collection sites, retailer take-back, and producer take-back.
• All the three channels address “Business to Consumer” (B2C) and
“Business to Business” (B2B) WEEE/Ewaste collection. Generally,
municipal collection sites are usually free for households to use to an
unlimited extent while take-back through retailers is usually free but
can be dependent upon the purchase of a new product (both B2C
and B2B).
• The direct producer take-back system may apply to larger
commercial equipment and operates on a new for old basis (B2B).
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Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
28. Initiativesof Different Agencies
• Basel Convention
• G-8 3Rs Initiative
• StEP - Solving the E-waste Problem
• UNEP/ DTIE (IETC)
• GeSI: Global e-Sustainability Initiative
• Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs
(SECO)
• GTZ now known as GIZ
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29. Basel Convention
• The Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
their Disposal was adopted on 22 March 1989 by the
Conference of Plenipotentiaries in Basel, Switzerland,
in response to a public outcry following the discovery,
in the 1980s, in Africa and other parts of the
developing world of deposits of toxic wastes imported
from abroad.
• The Convention entered into force on 5 May 1992
and, as of 1 January 2011, there are 175 Parties to the
Convention.
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Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
31. G-8 3Rs Initiative
• The Ministerial Conference on 3Rs Initiatives, held in April 2005
in Tokyo, formally launched the 3Rs Initiative agreed upon by
the G8 leaders at the Sea Island Summit.
• During the Conference, participating countries and
organizations shared information on 3R-related activities.
• The Basel Secretarial works closely with 3Rs initiative on E-
waste issue.
• Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United
Kingdom, United States of America - Also represented
European Union
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33. StEP - Solving the E-waste Problem
• The StEP initiative, developed in 1984 and formally launched in March 2007,
is based in the UN University, Bonn, Germany. The StEP initiative is the
offspring of UNU, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UN
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
• Other prominent charter partners include the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),
University of California at Berkeley, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Technical University Vienna (Austria), French National Institute of
Telecommunication (France), Technical University Delft (Netherlands),
University of Melbourne (Australia), State Secretary of Economics and EMPA
(Switzerland), Regional Environmental Centre (Hungary), the Korea Institute
of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, and Umicore Precious Metal Refining
(Belgium).
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35. UNEP/ DTIE (IETC)
• UNEP through International Environmental
Technology Centre (IETC) is implementing “Integrated
Solid Waste Management Project” based on 3Rs
(reduce, reuse and recycle).
• ISWM covers all types of wastes in an integrated
manner. UNEP DTIE-IETC is also focusing on WEEE/E-
waste management and is developing three manuals
on WEEE/E-waste assessment, WEEE/E-waste
management and WEEE/e-waste “Take back system”
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37. GeSI: Global e-Sustainability Initiative
• The Secretary to GeSI is located in UNEP/DTIE. It is an industrial
organisation for which a membership fee is paid annually to run
the Secretariat and handle other administrative matters.
• GeSI consists of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
service providers and suppliers, with the support of the United
Nations Environment Programme and International
Telecommunication Union.
• Their objectives are to share their experience and knowledge,
work with stakeholders, manage their own private sector
operations in a sustainable way, raise awareness of the
contribution ICT can make to society and engage in research and
benchmarking.
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39. Swiss State Secretariat for Economic
Affairs (SECO)
• SECO along with Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Testing and Research (EMPA) has designed and implementing
the global program "Knowledge Partnerships in E-waste
Recycling".
• EMPA is studying the situation of E-waste recycling in
developing and transition countries. The program expects to
share knowledge and experience gained through this system
and to establish "Knowledge Partnerships in E-waste
Recycling".
• The project is being implemented in India, China, Chile,
Columbia and South Africa. The programme is split into two
complementary parts: "Knowledge Management" and
"Capacity Building".
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Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
41. GTZ now known as GIZ
• GTZ is supporting WEEE/E-waste initiatives in different countries. As
part of its advisory services, it is supporting Indo-European E-waste
Initiative, apart of Indo German Environment Program, known as
Advisory Services in Environmental Management (ASEM 2002-2008).
It has also supported programme on WEEE/E-waste assessment in
Yemen.
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Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
43. THE 3R – Redesign,
Reuse and Recycle
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44. 1. Redesign
•This Task Force is dedicated to product
design aspects. We contribute to the StEP
aim of solving the e-waste problem by
fostering the re-design of electric and
electronic equipment (EEE) in order to
reduce negative impacts of their entire
life cycle.
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45. Vision
• By moving the design of EEE towards enabling closed loops, EEE
should not cause harm to the environment at end-of-life during
either appropriate or uncontrolled treatment methods. Design
should further encourage (with the following hierarchy except when
it may be environmentally detrimental):
(1) Lifetime extension (including product reuse and repair);
(2) Refurbishment;
(3) Recovery of components for reuse;
(4) Recovery of materials for recycling.
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54. 3. ReCycle
• Our Taskforce: ReCycle
• The major aim of this Task Force is to enhance infrastructures, systems
and technologies to realize sustainable e-waste recycling, especially in
industrializing countries. As a neutral arena we want to initiate
international, inter-stakeholder cooperative activities and dialogues on a
scientific basis in order to find economically, environmentally and socially
sound solutions.
• Overall Aim
• The aim of the Taskforce Recycling is to enhance global recycling
infrastructures, systems and technologies realizing sustainable e-waste-
recycling systems.
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55. Objectives, topics and tasks
• Assess the most relevant environmental, economic and social
characteristics of e-waste recycling in the industrialized world
• Perform recycling system evaluations leading to
recommendations for long-term development of eco-efficient
resource cycles
• Analyse complexities of transboundary shipments and
logistics of e-waste and its underlying driving forces, dynamics,
regulations and the constraints for sustainable resource
• Identify and describe best available and emerging
technologies for e-waste treatment in industrializing and
industrialized countries
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56. • Support legislative and policy development
bodies with roadmaps and strategies to reduce environmental
and social problems
• Investigate appropriate financing mechanisms for different
countries and markets
• Identify and assess the required cross-border
infrastructure including the possibilities to control safe
treatment and corresponding policy implications
• Enhance communication and transfer
• Of e-waste treatment technologies to facilitate growth in
capacity and environmental/social quality of electronics
recycling infrastructure
• Of the implications of treatment technologies,
environmental issues, economic possibilities and social
dimensions into e-waste management strategies
• Activate and improve networks for monitoring and
supervising relevant waste streams
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66. Table 3.3: Recoverable quantity of
elements in a PC
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67. • All the three levels of WEEE/ E-waste treatment systems are
based on material flow. The material flows from first level to
third level treatment. Each level treatment consists of unit
operations, where E-waste is treated and output of first level
treatment serves as input to second level treatment. After the
third level treatment, the residues are disposed of either in
hazardous waste landfill or incinerated. The efficiency of
operations at first and second level determines the quantity of
residues going to hazardous waste landfill site or incineration.
Most of the E-waste treatment facilities in other countries
consist of first and second level treatment at one place, while
third level treatment is geographically located at other place.
The description of treatment at each level is given in terms of
input, unit operations and output in the following sections.
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68. Treatment areas
1. Impermeable surfaces for appropriate areas with appropriate
spillage collection facilities and, where appropriate,
decanters and degreasers.
2. Appropriate storage for dissembled spare parts.
3. Appropriate containers for storage of batteries, capacitors
containing PCBs or PCTS, and other hazardous waste such as
radioactive waste.
4. Equipment for the treatment of water, including rainwater.
5. (Suitable) balances for measuring the weight of treated
waste.
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69. Guideline for treatment areas
• Weatherproof covering
• Impermeable surfaces
• Spillage collection facilities
• Equipment for treatment of water
• Storage for disassembled parts
• Storage for other components and residues
• Balances
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71. First Level WEEE/E-waste Treatment
• Input: E-waste items like TV, refrigerator and Personal Computers
(PC)
• Unit Operations: Following three unit operations occur at first
level of treatment
• 1. Removal of all liquids and Gases
• 2. Dismantling (manual)
• 3. Segregation
• Output:
• 1. Segregated hazardous wastes like CFC, Mercury (Hg) Switches,
CRT, batteries and capacitors
• 2. Decontaminated E-waste consisting of segregated non-
hazardous E-waste like plastic, circuit board and cables
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72. • All the three unit operations are dry processes,
which do not require use of water. The first
step is to decontaminate E-waste and render it
non-hazardous. This involves removal of all
types of liquids and gases (if any) under
negative pressure, and their recovery and
storage. Further, all other hazardous WEEE/ E-
waste residues are dismantled and segregated.
These segregated hazardous WEEE/ E-waste
fractions are then sent for third level
treatment.
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73. Manual Decontamination/
Dismantling Process
Step 1: Collected E-waste entering the disassembly line in the
dismantling facility
Step 2: Manual dismantling of monitor (removal of plastic back cover
and disposal into a plastic bin)
Step 3: Decontamination by manually removing the hazardous items
and their collection in bins
Step 4: Complete dismantling and segregation of E-waste fractions
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74. Second Level WEEE/ E-waste Treatment
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75. • Input: Decontaminated E-waste consisting segregated non
hazardous E-waste like plastic, circuit board and cables.
• Unit Operations: There are three unit operations at second
level of E-waste treatment
• 1. Hammering
• 2. Shredding
• 3. Special treatment processes
• Special treatment processes are given below.
• 1. CRT treatment consisting of separation of funnels and
screen glass.
• 2. Electromagnetic separation
• 3. Eddy current separation
• 4. Density separation using air or water.
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76. • Output: Output from the second level
treatment technology is given below.
• 1. Ferrous metal scrap (secondary raw
material)
• 2. Non ferrous metal scrap mainly copper and
aluminum
• 3. Precious metal scrap mainly silver, gold,
palladium
• 4. Plastic consisting of sorted plastic, plastic
with flame retardants and plastic mixture
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77. EquipmentusedinsecondlevelWEEE/E-waste treatment
1. Shredder
• For size reduction into a size enabling the majority of the ferrous material
to be separated from the non-ferrous/ insulation and plastic fraction
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78. 2. EddyCurrent Separator 1
• For separation of the heavy mixed metal fraction.
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79. 3. Heavy Pre-Granulator
For size reduction of the material prior to separation in the Eddy
Current Separator 2.
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80. 4. Eddy Current Separator 2
For separation of the light mixed metal fraction
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81. 5. Heavy Granulator
For final size reduction of the material
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82. 6. Separation Table
For final separation of the remaining fraction into a plastic (organic)
fraction and a mixed metal fraction.
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83. Second Level WEEE/ E-waste Unit
Operations
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85. Ⅱ. Functional description
• The recycling system for refrigeration devices consists of a shredder,
a crusher, a cyclone separation unit for PUR foam, magnetic
separation unit for iron, a eddy current separation unit for
Aluminium / Copper from plastic and an exhaust air
decontamination system.
• Before the refrigerators are broken up, the loose inner parts are
taken out, this includes glass, drawer and racks etc. This operations
followed by the disposal of the oil-CFC that is done with the
refrigerant suction system.
• After removing the compressor the refrigerator is automatically
moved to the fridge recycling system. The refrigerators area
automatically moved by hydraulic lifting and/or belt conveyor to the
cutting unit of the twin-shaft primary-shredder, and broken into
small and long shape pieces.
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86. Ⅱ. Functional description
• The recyclable material – aluminium/copper, iron, plastic and
PUR-foam – are separated subsequently:
• The shredded pieces of PUR-foam are separated by cyclone
separator and are moved into PUR foam crusher to down
size and storage
• Pieces of iron are taken out through a magnetic separation
belt
• The eddy-current separator removes the residual
aluminium/copper from the plastic.
• The CFC / pentane / air-mixture from the shredder and
crusher is cooled and frozen, and subsequently condensed
and bottled.
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91. I. VARY Cathode Ray Tube Separation
Plant
• End of life televisions have to be recycled.
• The C(cathode ) R(ray) T(tube) has to be
separated in a front and a rear part. There is
toxic material in the CRT, Panel glass contains
fluorescent coating. The rear glass contains led.
Also it is important to separate the glass from
the front and the rear. The front is very good to
reuse when there are no remains of lead in it.
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Faculty:ErmelindaTobias
92. Ⅱ. Work Flow Instruction
• Main steps for CRT separation equipment. Electric grinding wheel to
remove explosive-proof belt, hot wire and high pressure cooling
separate panel and funnel glass, vacuum cleaner collect fluorescent
coating. Manually put CRT on the explosive-proof belt remove
platform, fixed by sucker; Electric grinding wheel take the metal belt
off, an dangle grinder remove glue and graphite; Processed CRT
delivered by conveyor to separation platform, CRT is centered in the
separation station, Ni-chrome wire wrapped CRT, fasten and heating,
cool down by high pressure compress cool air, panel and funnel glass
is separated; after separation, fluorescent coating is collected by
vacuum cleaner. As there is different element for the panel and
funnel glass, funnel glass contains lead(about 22%), panel glass is
lead-free, thus, panel and funnel glass need processed separately
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107. Input/ Output and unit operations for third
level treatment of E-waste
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108. Recycling options for managing plastics from
end-of-life electronics
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109. GeneralguidelinesforWEEE/E-waste treatmentfacilitiesprovide
guidanceforestablishingWEEE/E-wastetreatmentfacility.
1. Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment report along with
detailed project report of the WEEE/E-waste treatment
facility.
2. Regular re-evaluation of environment, health and safety
(EH&S) objectives and monitoring of progress toward
achievement of these objectives is conducted and
documented at all facilities.
3. Facilities take sufficient measures to safeguard occupational
and environmental health and safety. Such measures may be
indicated by local, state, national and international
regulations, agreements, principles and standards, as well as
by industry standards and guidelines. Such measures for all
facilities include:
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110. • 4. Facilities have a regularly-implemented and documented
monitoring and recordkeeping programme that tracks key
process parameters, compliance with relevant safety
procedures, effluents and emissions, and incoming, stored and
outgoing materials and wastes.
• 5. Facilities have an adequate plan for closure. The need for
closure plans and financial guarantees is determined by
applicable laws and regulations, taking into consideration the
level of risk. Closure plans should be updated periodically, and
financial guarantees should ensure that the necessary
measures are undertaken upon definite cessation of activities
to prevent any environmental damage and return the site of
operation to a satisfactory state, as required by the applicable
laws and regulations.
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