The document discusses different types of graphics displays. It describes raster-scan displays, which use an electron beam that sweeps across the screen from top to bottom to display an image. Picture definition is stored in a frame buffer. It also describes random-scan displays, which direct the electron beam only where lines need to be drawn. Color CRT monitors use phosphors and a shadow mask to display color. Flat panel displays like plasma panels, thin-film electroluminescent displays, and liquid crystal displays provide thinner alternatives to CRTs.
The document summarizes video display devices, specifically cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It describes the basic design of CRTs including the electron gun, phosphor coating, and refresh process. CRTs use an electron beam directed by deflection systems to illuminate spots on the screen in a raster pattern, maintained by refreshing the screen rapidly. Color CRTs employ different color phosphors and methods like beam penetration or shadow masks to combine colors. Random scan displays draw images as lines rather than pixels.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which produce images using an electron beam striking a phosphorescent screen. CRTs are bulky and electromagnetic fields may pose health risks. Raster scan displays redraw images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines. Color CRTs use phosphors and shadow masks to produce colors. Flat panel displays like liquid crystal displays are thinner alternatives to CRTs.
This document provides an overview of video display devices and color graphics technologies. It discusses raster scan displays, which refresh the screen by sweeping the electron beam across rows of pixels stored in a frame buffer. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where needed to draw lines, allowing higher resolution but not realistic images. Color CRT monitors use shadow mask or beam penetration methods, with the former allowing a wider range of colors by exciting red, green, and blue phosphor dots. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and being used in more portable applications.
This document provides an overview of graphics display systems. It discusses the basic components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, focusing and deflection systems. It describes the refresh process of raster-scan CRTs and how random-scan CRTs work. Color CRT monitors are discussed, specifically the beam penetration and shadow mask methods. Key characteristics like resolution, persistence and aspect ratio are also summarized.
This document provides information on different types of display devices and monitor technologies. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including their structure, working principle, and technologies such as raster scan and vector scan displays. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) and plasma displays are also mentioned. Key aspects of displays such as pixels, resolution, size, viewing angle, response time, and brightness are defined. CRTs are described as having advantages like high resolution and wide viewing angles, but also disadvantages like large thickness and weight.
The document provides an overview of computer graphics systems. It discusses different types of display devices including refresh cathode-ray tubes, raster-scan displays, random-scan displays, color CRT monitors, and flat panel displays. It also covers basics of raster graphics systems and random scan systems, including components like the video controller, display processor, and frame buffer. Input devices for graphics systems such as the keyboard, mouse, and digitizer are also mentioned.
This document summarizes different types of display devices, including cathode ray tubes (CRTs), raster scan displays, random scan displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It describes the basic components and functioning of CRTs, including electron guns, phosphor coatings, and deflection coils. It compares raster and random scan displays, noting that raster displays are better for realistic images while random scans are suited for line drawings. LCDs use polarized light passing through liquid crystals to turn pixels on and off. LED displays use semiconductors to emit light when forward biased, and have advantages over traditional light sources like lower energy use and longer lifetimes.
The document summarizes video display devices, specifically cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It describes the basic design of CRTs including the electron gun, phosphor coating, and refresh process. CRTs use an electron beam directed by deflection systems to illuminate spots on the screen in a raster pattern, maintained by refreshing the screen rapidly. Color CRTs employ different color phosphors and methods like beam penetration or shadow masks to combine colors. Random scan displays draw images as lines rather than pixels.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which produce images using an electron beam striking a phosphorescent screen. CRTs are bulky and electromagnetic fields may pose health risks. Raster scan displays redraw images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines. Color CRTs use phosphors and shadow masks to produce colors. Flat panel displays like liquid crystal displays are thinner alternatives to CRTs.
This document provides an overview of video display devices and color graphics technologies. It discusses raster scan displays, which refresh the screen by sweeping the electron beam across rows of pixels stored in a frame buffer. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where needed to draw lines, allowing higher resolution but not realistic images. Color CRT monitors use shadow mask or beam penetration methods, with the former allowing a wider range of colors by exciting red, green, and blue phosphor dots. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and being used in more portable applications.
This document provides an overview of graphics display systems. It discusses the basic components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, focusing and deflection systems. It describes the refresh process of raster-scan CRTs and how random-scan CRTs work. Color CRT monitors are discussed, specifically the beam penetration and shadow mask methods. Key characteristics like resolution, persistence and aspect ratio are also summarized.
This document provides information on different types of display devices and monitor technologies. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including their structure, working principle, and technologies such as raster scan and vector scan displays. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) and plasma displays are also mentioned. Key aspects of displays such as pixels, resolution, size, viewing angle, response time, and brightness are defined. CRTs are described as having advantages like high resolution and wide viewing angles, but also disadvantages like large thickness and weight.
The document provides an overview of computer graphics systems. It discusses different types of display devices including refresh cathode-ray tubes, raster-scan displays, random-scan displays, color CRT monitors, and flat panel displays. It also covers basics of raster graphics systems and random scan systems, including components like the video controller, display processor, and frame buffer. Input devices for graphics systems such as the keyboard, mouse, and digitizer are also mentioned.
This document summarizes different types of display devices, including cathode ray tubes (CRTs), raster scan displays, random scan displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It describes the basic components and functioning of CRTs, including electron guns, phosphor coatings, and deflection coils. It compares raster and random scan displays, noting that raster displays are better for realistic images while random scans are suited for line drawings. LCDs use polarized light passing through liquid crystals to turn pixels on and off. LED displays use semiconductors to emit light when forward biased, and have advantages over traditional light sources like lower energy use and longer lifetimes.
Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
The document discusses various display devices used for visual presentation of information. It describes cathode ray tubes (CRT), which use electron guns and phosphorescent coatings to produce images. Raster scan displays refresh images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in rows, while random scan displays draw individual lines. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) use polarized light passing through liquid crystals. Light emitting diodes (LED) also emit light when electrically biased and are used in displays and lighting due to their low energy use and long lifetime. The document provides details on the components and functioning of CRTs and explains the differences between raster and random scan displays.
This PPT gives detailed information about Computer Graphics, Raster Scan System, Random Scan System, CRT Display, Color CRT Monitors, Input and Output Devices
The document discusses various display devices including CRT, flat panel displays, and their components and technologies. CRTs use an electron gun and phosphor-coated screen to create images and come in random scan and raster scan varieties. Components include the electron gun, control electrodes, focusing system, and deflection yoke. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and include LCD and plasma displays.
A CRT monitor works by using an electron gun to shoot a beam of electrons that hit phosphors on the inside of the screen, causing them to glow. The electron beam is scanned across the screen rapidly through the use of electromagnetic deflection coils, creating a raster pattern to form images. Color CRT monitors use three electron beams and triads of red, green, and blue phosphors to produce a wide range of colors. While CRTs produce high quality images and have good contrast, they are large, heavy, and can pose health risks due to electromagnetic field and x-ray emissions.
Computer graphics uses computers to draw and display pictures, graphics, and data in pictorial form. It expresses data visually instead of just text. Computer graphics is used in movies, games, medical imaging, design, education, simulators, art, presentations, image processing, and graphical user interfaces. Pixels are the smallest display elements on a screen, each with an intensity and color value. Interactive graphics allow user input to modify images, while passive graphics do not. Common display devices are CRT monitors which use electron beams to excite phosphors and LCD screens which use pixels to control light transmission. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to draw lines on these displays.
Computer graphics involves rendering pictures, charts, and graphs on computers rather than just text. It has many applications including movies, games, medical imaging, CAD, education, and simulations. Computer graphics uses pixels - the smallest display elements - to represent images on screens. There are two main types: interactive graphics which allow user input, and passive graphics which do not. Raster scan displays refresh images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines, while random scan displays draw images line by line. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to efficiently render lines and circles of pixels.
The CRT display was invented in 1897 and was widely used in early computers and televisions. It works by using an electron gun to produce a beam that illuminates phosphors on the screen, producing light to display an image. The first color CRT monitors used an arrangement of three electron guns and color phosphors to produce a full color image. While CRTs provided high quality images at a low cost, they were large, heavy, and produced electromagnetic fields, leading to their replacement by flat panel displays.
This document summarizes computer graphics and display devices. It discusses that computer graphics involves displaying and manipulating images and data using a computer. A typical graphics system includes a host computer, display devices like monitors, and input devices like keyboards and mice. Common applications of computer graphics include GUIs, charts, CAD/CAM, maps, multimedia, and more. Display technologies discussed include CRT monitors, LCD panels, and other devices. Key aspects of CRT monitors like refresh rate, resolution, and bandwidth are also summarized.
Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) were a common display technology that used electron beams to excite phosphors on the inside of an evacuated glass envelope. The electron beams were generated by electron guns and controlled by deflection plates and coils to scan across the phosphor-coated screen in a raster pattern, refreshing the image rapidly to prevent flickering. Different phosphors determined the persistence of the light emission and were used together with color masks and intensity control to generate color images on CRT displays. Random scan displays stored images as line drawings and refreshed all lines periodically rather than using a raster scan.
Introduction to computer graphics part 1Ankit Garg
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes video display devices like CRTs and how they work. Color is generated using techniques like beam penetration and shadow masks. Raster scan and random scan displays are covered. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and gloves are also summarized. The document provides details on graphics hardware like frame buffers, refresh rates, and video controllers.
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes common display devices like CRT monitors and how they work. It explains color generation techniques in monitors using beam penetration or shadow mask methods. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and joysticks are also covered. The document provides details on frame buffers, resolution, refresh rates and how raster scan displays redraw images.
The document summarizes key differences between vector scan and raster scan displays. Vector scan displays directly draw lines between points by moving the electron beam between endpoints, while raster scan displays sweep the beam across the entire screen in lines from top to bottom. Raster scan is more common as it does not flicker even with complex images and has lower cost and hardware requirements than vector scan. Both methods store images in a frame buffer but raster scan must convert graphics to pixels while vector scan does not.
Introduction to computer graphics part 2Ankit Garg
This document discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and how they work as display devices for computer graphics. It explains that CRTs contain an electron gun that emits a stream of electrons which are focused into a beam and directed to specific points on the phosphor-coated front of the picture tube. When the electron beam hits a phosphor dot, it glows proportionally to the beam strength. Color CRTs use three electron guns and a shadow mask to separately excite red, green, and blue phosphor dots, allowing for color displays. The document also covers other properties of CRTs like resolution, persistence, and aspect ratio.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time, turning the beam on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The intensity values for each screen point are stored in a refresh buffer and then retrieved to paint the image on the screen. Refresh rates are typically 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives and store picture definitions as drawing commands in a refresh display file. Color CRT monitors use either beam penetration or a shadow mask method to display color images by emitting light from red, green, and blue phosphor dots.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
2- devices crt computer graphics and multimedia.pptKumarVaibhav100
The document discusses different types of displays used in computer monitors, including CRT, flat panel displays, and direct-view storage tubes. It describes how CRT monitors use phosphors and electron beams to produce color pictures, and the two main techniques for color CRT displays: beam-penetration and shadow-mask. It also provides details on flat panel displays such as plasma panels, thin film electroluminescent displays, LED displays, and LCD displays.
The document provides information on different types of display devices used in computer graphics, including CRT, color CRT monitors, direct view storage tubes, and flat panel displays. It describes the key components and working of CRTs, including the electron gun, phosphor coating, control grid, deflection plates, and techniques for color CRT monitors. Raster scan and random scan are introduced as techniques for producing images on CRT screens. Details are provided on components like shadow mask and refresh buffer used in raster scan systems.
The document describes various types of computer display devices and their characteristics. It discusses raster and random scan displays, CRT monitors, color CRT technologies including beam penetration and shadow mask methods, and other display types such as direct view storage tubes. Input devices are also covered, including keyboards, mice, digitizers, and touch screens.
The document discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and how they work to display images on screens. It describes how CRTs use an electron gun to produce a scanning electron beam that hits a phosphorescent screen, causing spots of light. Different phosphors allow for different colors. The beam is focused and deflected electromagnetically to refresh the screen rapidly and create a full image. Resolution depends on factors like phosphor type and beam intensity. Color images are represented using RGB color models that mix red, green, and blue intensities.
Projection is a technique to transform a 3D object into a 2D plane. There are two main types of projection: parallel projection and perspective projection. Parallel projection involves projecting lines parallel to the view plane, maintaining accurate measurements but less realistic appearance. Perspective projection accounts for the finite distance to the view plane, making images more realistic but challenging to implement due to vanishing points. Common parallel projections include orthographic and oblique, while common perspective projections include one point, two point, and three point perspectives.
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Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
The document discusses various display devices used for visual presentation of information. It describes cathode ray tubes (CRT), which use electron guns and phosphorescent coatings to produce images. Raster scan displays refresh images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in rows, while random scan displays draw individual lines. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) use polarized light passing through liquid crystals. Light emitting diodes (LED) also emit light when electrically biased and are used in displays and lighting due to their low energy use and long lifetime. The document provides details on the components and functioning of CRTs and explains the differences between raster and random scan displays.
This PPT gives detailed information about Computer Graphics, Raster Scan System, Random Scan System, CRT Display, Color CRT Monitors, Input and Output Devices
The document discusses various display devices including CRT, flat panel displays, and their components and technologies. CRTs use an electron gun and phosphor-coated screen to create images and come in random scan and raster scan varieties. Components include the electron gun, control electrodes, focusing system, and deflection yoke. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and include LCD and plasma displays.
A CRT monitor works by using an electron gun to shoot a beam of electrons that hit phosphors on the inside of the screen, causing them to glow. The electron beam is scanned across the screen rapidly through the use of electromagnetic deflection coils, creating a raster pattern to form images. Color CRT monitors use three electron beams and triads of red, green, and blue phosphors to produce a wide range of colors. While CRTs produce high quality images and have good contrast, they are large, heavy, and can pose health risks due to electromagnetic field and x-ray emissions.
Computer graphics uses computers to draw and display pictures, graphics, and data in pictorial form. It expresses data visually instead of just text. Computer graphics is used in movies, games, medical imaging, design, education, simulators, art, presentations, image processing, and graphical user interfaces. Pixels are the smallest display elements on a screen, each with an intensity and color value. Interactive graphics allow user input to modify images, while passive graphics do not. Common display devices are CRT monitors which use electron beams to excite phosphors and LCD screens which use pixels to control light transmission. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to draw lines on these displays.
Computer graphics involves rendering pictures, charts, and graphs on computers rather than just text. It has many applications including movies, games, medical imaging, CAD, education, and simulations. Computer graphics uses pixels - the smallest display elements - to represent images on screens. There are two main types: interactive graphics which allow user input, and passive graphics which do not. Raster scan displays refresh images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines, while random scan displays draw images line by line. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to efficiently render lines and circles of pixels.
The CRT display was invented in 1897 and was widely used in early computers and televisions. It works by using an electron gun to produce a beam that illuminates phosphors on the screen, producing light to display an image. The first color CRT monitors used an arrangement of three electron guns and color phosphors to produce a full color image. While CRTs provided high quality images at a low cost, they were large, heavy, and produced electromagnetic fields, leading to their replacement by flat panel displays.
This document summarizes computer graphics and display devices. It discusses that computer graphics involves displaying and manipulating images and data using a computer. A typical graphics system includes a host computer, display devices like monitors, and input devices like keyboards and mice. Common applications of computer graphics include GUIs, charts, CAD/CAM, maps, multimedia, and more. Display technologies discussed include CRT monitors, LCD panels, and other devices. Key aspects of CRT monitors like refresh rate, resolution, and bandwidth are also summarized.
Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) were a common display technology that used electron beams to excite phosphors on the inside of an evacuated glass envelope. The electron beams were generated by electron guns and controlled by deflection plates and coils to scan across the phosphor-coated screen in a raster pattern, refreshing the image rapidly to prevent flickering. Different phosphors determined the persistence of the light emission and were used together with color masks and intensity control to generate color images on CRT displays. Random scan displays stored images as line drawings and refreshed all lines periodically rather than using a raster scan.
Introduction to computer graphics part 1Ankit Garg
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes video display devices like CRTs and how they work. Color is generated using techniques like beam penetration and shadow masks. Raster scan and random scan displays are covered. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and gloves are also summarized. The document provides details on graphics hardware like frame buffers, refresh rates, and video controllers.
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes common display devices like CRT monitors and how they work. It explains color generation techniques in monitors using beam penetration or shadow mask methods. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and joysticks are also covered. The document provides details on frame buffers, resolution, refresh rates and how raster scan displays redraw images.
The document summarizes key differences between vector scan and raster scan displays. Vector scan displays directly draw lines between points by moving the electron beam between endpoints, while raster scan displays sweep the beam across the entire screen in lines from top to bottom. Raster scan is more common as it does not flicker even with complex images and has lower cost and hardware requirements than vector scan. Both methods store images in a frame buffer but raster scan must convert graphics to pixels while vector scan does not.
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This document discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and how they work as display devices for computer graphics. It explains that CRTs contain an electron gun that emits a stream of electrons which are focused into a beam and directed to specific points on the phosphor-coated front of the picture tube. When the electron beam hits a phosphor dot, it glows proportionally to the beam strength. Color CRTs use three electron guns and a shadow mask to separately excite red, green, and blue phosphor dots, allowing for color displays. The document also covers other properties of CRTs like resolution, persistence, and aspect ratio.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time, turning the beam on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The intensity values for each screen point are stored in a refresh buffer and then retrieved to paint the image on the screen. Refresh rates are typically 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives and store picture definitions as drawing commands in a refresh display file. Color CRT monitors use either beam penetration or a shadow mask method to display color images by emitting light from red, green, and blue phosphor dots.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
2- devices crt computer graphics and multimedia.pptKumarVaibhav100
The document discusses different types of displays used in computer monitors, including CRT, flat panel displays, and direct-view storage tubes. It describes how CRT monitors use phosphors and electron beams to produce color pictures, and the two main techniques for color CRT displays: beam-penetration and shadow-mask. It also provides details on flat panel displays such as plasma panels, thin film electroluminescent displays, LED displays, and LCD displays.
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The document discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and how they work to display images on screens. It describes how CRTs use an electron gun to produce a scanning electron beam that hits a phosphorescent screen, causing spots of light. Different phosphors allow for different colors. The beam is focused and deflected electromagnetically to refresh the screen rapidly and create a full image. Resolution depends on factors like phosphor type and beam intensity. Color images are represented using RGB color models that mix red, green, and blue intensities.
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The document discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and how they work to display images on monitors. It describes how CRTs use an electron gun to produce a scanning electron beam that hits a phosphorescent screen, causing spots of light. Different phosphors allow for different colors. The beam is swept across the screen in a raster pattern through deflection coils. Factors like resolution, aspect ratio, and refresh rate affect image quality. Color images are represented using the RGB color model with red, green, and blue intensity values.
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This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
2. Raster-Scan Displays
The most common type of graphics monitor
based on television technology
In a raster-scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one row at a time
from top to bottom.
As the electron beam moves across each row, the beam intensity is turned on and off to
create a pattern of illuminated spots.
3. At the end of each scan line, the electron beam returns to the left side of the
screen to begin displaying the next scan line. The return to the left of the
screen, after refreshing each scan line, is called the horizontal retrace of the
electron beam.
And at the end of each frame (displayed in 1/80th to 1/60th of a second), the
electron beam returns (vertical retrace) to the top left comer of the screen to
begin the next frame.
4. Picture definition is stored in a memory area called the refresh buffer or frame
buffer. This memory area holds the set of intensity values for all the screen points.
Stored intensity values are then retrieved from the refresh buffer and "painted"
on the screen one row (scan line) at a time
5. Each screen point is referred to as a pixel or pel (shortened form of picture element).
The capability of a raster-scan system to store intensity information for each screen
point makes it well suited for the realistic display of scenes containing subtle shading
and color patterns.
Home television sets and printers are examples of other systems using raster-scan
methods.
In a simple black-and-white system, each screen point is either on or off, so only one bit
per pixel is needed to control the intensity of screen positions.
Intensity range
A bit value of 1 indicates that the electron beam is to be turn4 on at that position, and a
value of 0 indicates that the beam intensity is to be off.
6. Additional bits are needed when color and intensity variations can
be displayed.
On a black-and-white system with one bit per pixeI, the frame buffer
is commonly called a bitmap.
For systems with multiple bits per pixel, the frame buffer is referred
to as a pixmap.
Refreshing on raster-scan displays is carried out at the rate of 60 to
80 frames per second, although some systems are designed for
higher refresh rates.
7. Random –Scan Displays
When operated as a random-scan display unit, a CRT has the electron beam
directed only to the parts of the screen where a picture is to be drawn
Random scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time and for this reason are
also referred to as vector displays (or stroke-writing or calligraphic displays.
The component lines of a picture can be drawn and refreshed by a random-
scan system in any specified order
8. • Refresh rate on a random-scan system depends on the number of
lines to be displayed
• Picture definition is now stored as a set of line drawing
commands in an area of memory referred to as the refresh
display file or simply the refresh buffer
• Random-scan displays are designed to draw all the component
lines of a picture 30 to 60 times each second.
• High quality vector systems are capable of handling
approximately 100,000 "short" lines at this refresh rate.
9.
10. Color CRT Monitors
A CRT monitor displays color pictures by using a combination of phosphors that emit
different-colored light.
By combining the emitted light from the different phosphors, a range of colors can be
generated.
The two basic techniques for producing color displays with a CRT are the beam-
penetration method and the shadow-mask method.
Color Display Techniques
Beam-Penetration Shadow-mask
11. The beam-penetration method for displaying color pictures has been used with random-
scan monitors.
Two layers of phosphor, usually red and green, are coated onto the inside of the CRT
screen, and the displayed color depends on how far the electron beam penetrates into
the phosphor layers.
. A beam of slow electrons excites only the outer red layer
A beam of very fast electrons penetrates through the red layer and excites the inner green
layer.
At intermediate beam speeds, combinations of red and green light are emitted to show
two additional colors, orange and yellow.
Beam penetration has been an inexpensive way to produce color in random-scan
monitors, but only four colors are possible, and the quality of pictures is not as good as
with other methods.
The beam-penetration method
12. Shadow-mask methods are commonly used in raster scan systems (including color
TV) because they produce a much wider range of colors than the beam
penetration method.
A shadow-mask CRT has three phosphor color dots at each pixel position.
The Shadow-mask method
One phosphor dot emits a red light, another emits a green light, and the third
emits a blue light.
13. This type of CRT has three electron guns,
one for each color dot, and a shadow-
mask grid just behind the phosphor-
coated screen.
The three electron beams are deflected
and focused as a group onto the shadow
mask, which contains a series of holes
aligned with the phosphor-dot patterns.
When the three beams pass through a
hole in the shadow mask, they activate a
dot triangle, which appears as a small
color spot on the screen.
14. Color CRTs in graphics systems are designed as RGB monitors.
These monitors use shadow-mask methods
They take the intensity level for each electron gun (red, green, and blue)
directly from the computer system without any intermediate processing.
High-quality raster-graphics systems have 24 bits per pixel in the frame buffer,
allowing 256 voltage settings for each electron gun
It provide nearly 17 million color choices for each pixel.
An RGB color system with 24 bits of storage per pixel is generally referred to as
a full-color system or a true-color system
15. Flat Panel Displays
Flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight, and
power requirements compared to a CRT.
A significant feature of flat-panel displays is that they are thinner than CRTs, and we can
hang them on walls or wear them on our wrists.
We can separate flat-panel displays into two categories: emissive displays and
nonemissive displays.
Flat Panel Displays
Emisive Displays Non-emissive Displays
16. Emisive Displays
The emissive displays (or emitters) are devices that convert electrical energy
into light.
Plasma panels, thin-film electroluminescent displays, and Light-emitting
diodes are examples of emissive displays.
Flat CRTs have also been devised, in which electron beams arts accelerated
parallel to the screen, then deflected 90' to the screen
Non-emissive Displays
Non emissive displays (or non emitters) use optical effects to convert sunlight or
light from some other source into graphics patterns.
The most important example of a non emissive flat-panel display is a liquid-crystal
device
17. Plasma panels, also called gas-discharge displays, are constructed by filing the region
between two glass plates with a mixture of gases that usually includes neon.
A series of vertical conducting ribbons is placed on one glass panel, and a set of
horizontal ribbons is built into the other glass panel
Plasma panels
Firing voltages applied to a pair of horizontal and vertical conductors cause the gas at
the intersection of the two conductors to break down into a glowing plasma of
electrons and ions.
18. • One disadvantage of plasma panels has been that they were strictly
monochromatic devices, but systems have been developed that are now
capable of displaying color and gray scale.
• Picture definition is stored in a refresh buffer, and the firing voltages are
applied to refresh the pixel positions (at the intersections of the
conductors) 60 times per second.
• Alternate methods are used to provide faster application of the firing
voltages, and thus brighter displays. Separation between pixels is
provided by the electric field of the conductors
19. Thin-film electroluminescent displays are similar in construction to a plasma panel.
The difference is that the region between the glass plates is filled with a phosphor,
such as zinc sulfide doped with manganese, instead of a gas.
When a sufficiently high voltage is applied to a pair of crossing electrodes, the
phosphor becomes a conductor in the area of the intersection of the two electrodes.
Electrical energy is then absorbed by the manganese atoms, which then release the
energy as a spot of light similar to the glowing plasma effect in a plasma panel
Thin-film electroluminescent
20. Liquid-crystal Displays
Liquid-crystal Displays are commonly used in small systems, such as calculator and
portable, laptops.
These are non-emissive devices produce a picture by passing polarized light from the
surround through a liquid crystal material
The liquid crystal compounds have a crystalline arrangement of molecules , yet they
flow like a liquid
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