Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time, turning the beam on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The intensity values for each screen point are stored in a refresh buffer and then retrieved to paint the image on the screen. Refresh rates are typically 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives and store picture definitions as drawing commands in a refresh display file. Color CRT monitors use either beam penetration or a shadow mask method to display color images by emitting light from red, green, and blue phosphor dots.
Raster scanning is a process used in television and computer graphics where an image is captured and reconstructed by systematically scanning across it in horizontal lines from top to bottom. Each line, called a scan line, is transmitted as an analog signal or divided into discrete pixels. Pixels are stored in a refresh buffer and then "painted" onto the screen one row at a time, with the beam returning to the left side during horizontal retrace and to the top left for vertical retrace between frames. Raster scanning provides realistic images but at the cost of lower resolution compared to random scanning systems.
Raster scan systems use a video controller to refresh the screen by accessing pixels stored in a frame buffer in memory. The video controller uses two registers to iterate through each pixel location, retrieving the pixel value and using it to set the intensity of the CRT beam. It draws one scan line at a time from top to bottom until the entire screen is refreshed at a rate of 60 frames per second. Display processors can offload graphics processing tasks from the CPU by performing operations like scan conversion and generating lines and color areas to draw objects in the frame buffer.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which produce images using an electron beam striking a phosphorescent screen. CRTs are bulky and electromagnetic fields may pose health risks. Raster scan displays redraw images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines. Color CRTs use phosphors and shadow masks to produce colors. Flat panel displays like liquid crystal displays are thinner alternatives to CRTs.
This document provides an overview of graphics systems including video display devices, input devices, and raster-scan systems. It describes cathode ray tube monitors as the primary output device and discusses raster-scan and random-scan display principles. Color CRT monitors use color phosphors and shadow masks or electron guns to produce color. Flat panel displays like plasma panels and LCDs are also covered. Common input devices include mice, keyboards, tablets, and touchscreens. Raster-scan systems use a frame buffer in video memory that is refreshed by a video controller to display an image on a monitor.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time, turning the beam on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The intensity values for each screen point are stored in a refresh buffer and then retrieved to paint the image on the screen. Refresh rates are typically 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives and store picture definitions as drawing commands in a refresh display file. Color CRT monitors use either beam penetration or a shadow mask method to display color images by emitting light from red, green, and blue phosphor dots.
Raster scanning is a process used in television and computer graphics where an image is captured and reconstructed by systematically scanning across it in horizontal lines from top to bottom. Each line, called a scan line, is transmitted as an analog signal or divided into discrete pixels. Pixels are stored in a refresh buffer and then "painted" onto the screen one row at a time, with the beam returning to the left side during horizontal retrace and to the top left for vertical retrace between frames. Raster scanning provides realistic images but at the cost of lower resolution compared to random scanning systems.
Raster scan systems use a video controller to refresh the screen by accessing pixels stored in a frame buffer in memory. The video controller uses two registers to iterate through each pixel location, retrieving the pixel value and using it to set the intensity of the CRT beam. It draws one scan line at a time from top to bottom until the entire screen is refreshed at a rate of 60 frames per second. Display processors can offload graphics processing tasks from the CPU by performing operations like scan conversion and generating lines and color areas to draw objects in the frame buffer.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which produce images using an electron beam striking a phosphorescent screen. CRTs are bulky and electromagnetic fields may pose health risks. Raster scan displays redraw images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines. Color CRTs use phosphors and shadow masks to produce colors. Flat panel displays like liquid crystal displays are thinner alternatives to CRTs.
This document provides an overview of graphics systems including video display devices, input devices, and raster-scan systems. It describes cathode ray tube monitors as the primary output device and discusses raster-scan and random-scan display principles. Color CRT monitors use color phosphors and shadow masks or electron guns to produce color. Flat panel displays like plasma panels and LCDs are also covered. Common input devices include mice, keyboards, tablets, and touchscreens. Raster-scan systems use a frame buffer in video memory that is refreshed by a video controller to display an image on a monitor.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
Raster scan systems work like a television, using an electron beam to sweep horizontally across phosphors on the screen. As the beam reaches the right side, it retraces to the left before moving down to the next line. It paints every other line interlaced to refresh the screen 30 times per second. Progressive scan paints every line 60 times per second to reduce flicker, as used in computer monitors. Random scan directly draws points and lines in any order controlled by a display processor reading coordinates, allowing for high resolution, animation, and minimal memory use, but requiring an intelligent beam and limited screen density.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time from top to bottom, turning the beam's intensity on and off to create illuminated spots. This allows the display to store an entire frame of picture data in a frame buffer memory. Raster scanning is well suited for realistic scenes like television and refreshes at 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where a picture element needs to be drawn, storing pictures as a set of line drawing commands rather than a frame buffer. It is better for applications like plotters that draw individual lines.
Raster scan systems with video controller and display processorhemanth kumar
The document describes how a raster scan display system works with a video controller. The video controller retrieves intensity values from a frame buffer area of memory and displays them on the screen line by line at a refresh rate of 50 times per second. It uses registers to store pixel coordinates and accesses the frame buffer to display the pixels. For color displays, it uses a lookup table to store RGB values and only needs to access the table index from the frame buffer for each pixel.
Raster scan displays have lower resolution than random scan displays because raster scan stores picture definition as intensity values along scan lines, while random scan stores pictures as line commands. Raster scan directs its electron beam from top to bottom across the entire screen one row at a time, making it less expensive than random scan which only draws required lines. However, random scan produces smoother lines and can provide more realistic displays through advanced techniques like shadows and hidden surfaces.
The document discusses different types of graphics display systems including raster scan displays, random scan displays, and flat panel displays. It describes the key components of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays such as the electron gun and phosphor screen and how they generate images. It also covers color reproduction methods for CRTs like beam penetration and three color guns.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics hardware and software. It defines computer graphics as using a computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate and present pictorial output. The key hardware components discussed are display devices like CRT, LCD, and plasma displays. Software components include rendering primitives, algorithms for transformation and rasterization, and application programming interfaces that provide access to graphics hardware. The graphics rendering pipeline is described as the process of converting a 3D scene model into a 2D image through steps like modeling transformations, viewing transformations, projection, clipping and rasterization.
The document describes the components and operation of a raster scan graphics display system. A video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It performs operations like retrieving pixel intensities from different memory areas and using two frame buffers to allow refreshing one screen while filling the other for animation. A raster scan display processor can digitize graphics into pixel intensities for storage in the frame buffer to offload this processing from the CPU.
presentation By Daroko blog-where IT learners Apply skills.
This topic an presentation will introduce you to Computer graphics hardware types.
---------------------------------
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
The document describes various types of computer display devices and their characteristics. It discusses raster and random scan displays, CRT monitors, color CRT technologies including beam penetration and shadow mask methods, and other display types such as direct view storage tubes. Input devices are also covered, including keyboards, mice, digitizers, and touch screens.
This document provides an overview of video display devices and color graphics technologies. It discusses raster scan displays, which refresh the screen by sweeping the electron beam across rows of pixels stored in a frame buffer. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where needed to draw lines, allowing higher resolution but not realistic images. Color CRT monitors use shadow mask or beam penetration methods, with the former allowing a wider range of colors by exciting red, green, and blue phosphor dots. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and being used in more portable applications.
The document summarizes raster scan and random scan displays. Raster scan displays use an electron beam that sweeps across the screen from top to bottom to generate pixels based on values stored in a refresh buffer. Random scan displays directly draw images using an electron beam without a fixed pattern, storing only line drawing instructions. The key differences are that raster scan is used for realistic images due to storing intensity values while random scan has higher resolution but is limited to line drawings. Both use a cathode ray tube containing an electron gun, deflection coils, and phosphor screen.
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
This document summarizes computer graphics and display devices. It discusses that computer graphics involves displaying and manipulating images and data using a computer. A typical graphics system includes a host computer, display devices like monitors, and input devices like keyboards and mice. Common applications of computer graphics include GUIs, charts, CAD/CAM, maps, multimedia, and more. Display technologies discussed include CRT monitors, LCD panels, and other devices. Key aspects of CRT monitors like refresh rate, resolution, and bandwidth are also summarized.
In a raster scan display, the screen is divided into a grid of pixels that are scanned line by line from top to bottom. Each pixel is either on or off, controlled by values stored in a frame buffer. The electron beam scans across each line from left to right, then returns to the left side to draw the next line, in a process called horizontal retrace. After completing the frame, the beam returns to the top left corner for the next frame during vertical retrace. Interlacing displays every other line to reduce flicker.
Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
Introduction to computer graphics part 1Ankit Garg
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes video display devices like CRTs and how they work. Color is generated using techniques like beam penetration and shadow masks. Raster scan and random scan displays are covered. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and gloves are also summarized. The document provides details on graphics hardware like frame buffers, refresh rates, and video controllers.
Raster scan displays use a sweeping electron beam to illuminate spots on the screen in a row-by-row fashion to generate an image. Intensity values for each pixel are stored in a refresh buffer and read out row-by-row to control the beam. Raster scan allows for photorealistic color images but requires high memory and has lower resolution than random scan displays.
Random scan displays draw images by directing the electron beam only to locations with picture elements, tracing out lines specified by commands in a refresh buffer. This allows for higher resolution with less memory usage but limits images to simple drawings with few colors.
Random scan displays and raster scan displaysSomya Bagai
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including how CRTs work using an electron gun and accelerating electrons to excite phosphors to emit light. It describes raster scan displays, which draw images as a grid of pixels by sweeping an electron beam across the screen, and random scan displays, which draw images line by line. The document also covers color CRT displays using beam penetration or a shadow mask to combine red, green, and blue phosphors at each pixel location.
This document discusses computer graphics hardware concepts related to video display devices and input/output devices. It describes the components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, accelerating anode, focusing system, deflection system, and phosphor screen. It also covers raster scan displays, random scan displays, color CRT monitors, and flat panel displays such as plasma panels, thin-film electroluminescent displays, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Input devices discussed include keyboards, mice, trackballs, joysticks, digitizers, and image scanners. Output devices covered are printers, including dot matrix, laser, inkjet, and bubble jet printers.
This PPT gives detailed information about Computer Graphics, Raster Scan System, Random Scan System, CRT Display, Color CRT Monitors, Input and Output Devices
The document summarizes key differences between vector scan and raster scan displays. Vector scan displays directly draw lines between points by moving the electron beam between endpoints, while raster scan displays sweep the beam across the entire screen in lines from top to bottom. Raster scan is more common as it does not flicker even with complex images and has lower cost and hardware requirements than vector scan. Both methods store images in a frame buffer but raster scan must convert graphics to pixels while vector scan does not.
Raster scan systems work like a television, using an electron beam to sweep horizontally across phosphors on the screen. As the beam reaches the right side, it retraces to the left before moving down to the next line. It paints every other line interlaced to refresh the screen 30 times per second. Progressive scan paints every line 60 times per second to reduce flicker, as used in computer monitors. Random scan directly draws points and lines in any order controlled by a display processor reading coordinates, allowing for high resolution, animation, and minimal memory use, but requiring an intelligent beam and limited screen density.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time from top to bottom, turning the beam's intensity on and off to create illuminated spots. This allows the display to store an entire frame of picture data in a frame buffer memory. Raster scanning is well suited for realistic scenes like television and refreshes at 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where a picture element needs to be drawn, storing pictures as a set of line drawing commands rather than a frame buffer. It is better for applications like plotters that draw individual lines.
Raster scan systems with video controller and display processorhemanth kumar
The document describes how a raster scan display system works with a video controller. The video controller retrieves intensity values from a frame buffer area of memory and displays them on the screen line by line at a refresh rate of 50 times per second. It uses registers to store pixel coordinates and accesses the frame buffer to display the pixels. For color displays, it uses a lookup table to store RGB values and only needs to access the table index from the frame buffer for each pixel.
Raster scan displays have lower resolution than random scan displays because raster scan stores picture definition as intensity values along scan lines, while random scan stores pictures as line commands. Raster scan directs its electron beam from top to bottom across the entire screen one row at a time, making it less expensive than random scan which only draws required lines. However, random scan produces smoother lines and can provide more realistic displays through advanced techniques like shadows and hidden surfaces.
The document discusses different types of graphics display systems including raster scan displays, random scan displays, and flat panel displays. It describes the key components of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays such as the electron gun and phosphor screen and how they generate images. It also covers color reproduction methods for CRTs like beam penetration and three color guns.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics hardware and software. It defines computer graphics as using a computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate and present pictorial output. The key hardware components discussed are display devices like CRT, LCD, and plasma displays. Software components include rendering primitives, algorithms for transformation and rasterization, and application programming interfaces that provide access to graphics hardware. The graphics rendering pipeline is described as the process of converting a 3D scene model into a 2D image through steps like modeling transformations, viewing transformations, projection, clipping and rasterization.
The document describes the components and operation of a raster scan graphics display system. A video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It performs operations like retrieving pixel intensities from different memory areas and using two frame buffers to allow refreshing one screen while filling the other for animation. A raster scan display processor can digitize graphics into pixel intensities for storage in the frame buffer to offload this processing from the CPU.
presentation By Daroko blog-where IT learners Apply skills.
This topic an presentation will introduce you to Computer graphics hardware types.
---------------------------------
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
The document describes various types of computer display devices and their characteristics. It discusses raster and random scan displays, CRT monitors, color CRT technologies including beam penetration and shadow mask methods, and other display types such as direct view storage tubes. Input devices are also covered, including keyboards, mice, digitizers, and touch screens.
This document provides an overview of video display devices and color graphics technologies. It discusses raster scan displays, which refresh the screen by sweeping the electron beam across rows of pixels stored in a frame buffer. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where needed to draw lines, allowing higher resolution but not realistic images. Color CRT monitors use shadow mask or beam penetration methods, with the former allowing a wider range of colors by exciting red, green, and blue phosphor dots. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and being used in more portable applications.
The document summarizes raster scan and random scan displays. Raster scan displays use an electron beam that sweeps across the screen from top to bottom to generate pixels based on values stored in a refresh buffer. Random scan displays directly draw images using an electron beam without a fixed pattern, storing only line drawing instructions. The key differences are that raster scan is used for realistic images due to storing intensity values while random scan has higher resolution but is limited to line drawings. Both use a cathode ray tube containing an electron gun, deflection coils, and phosphor screen.
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
This document summarizes computer graphics and display devices. It discusses that computer graphics involves displaying and manipulating images and data using a computer. A typical graphics system includes a host computer, display devices like monitors, and input devices like keyboards and mice. Common applications of computer graphics include GUIs, charts, CAD/CAM, maps, multimedia, and more. Display technologies discussed include CRT monitors, LCD panels, and other devices. Key aspects of CRT monitors like refresh rate, resolution, and bandwidth are also summarized.
In a raster scan display, the screen is divided into a grid of pixels that are scanned line by line from top to bottom. Each pixel is either on or off, controlled by values stored in a frame buffer. The electron beam scans across each line from left to right, then returns to the left side to draw the next line, in a process called horizontal retrace. After completing the frame, the beam returns to the top left corner for the next frame during vertical retrace. Interlacing displays every other line to reduce flicker.
Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
Introduction to computer graphics part 1Ankit Garg
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes video display devices like CRTs and how they work. Color is generated using techniques like beam penetration and shadow masks. Raster scan and random scan displays are covered. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and gloves are also summarized. The document provides details on graphics hardware like frame buffers, refresh rates, and video controllers.
Raster scan displays use a sweeping electron beam to illuminate spots on the screen in a row-by-row fashion to generate an image. Intensity values for each pixel are stored in a refresh buffer and read out row-by-row to control the beam. Raster scan allows for photorealistic color images but requires high memory and has lower resolution than random scan displays.
Random scan displays draw images by directing the electron beam only to locations with picture elements, tracing out lines specified by commands in a refresh buffer. This allows for higher resolution with less memory usage but limits images to simple drawings with few colors.
Random scan displays and raster scan displaysSomya Bagai
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including how CRTs work using an electron gun and accelerating electrons to excite phosphors to emit light. It describes raster scan displays, which draw images as a grid of pixels by sweeping an electron beam across the screen, and random scan displays, which draw images line by line. The document also covers color CRT displays using beam penetration or a shadow mask to combine red, green, and blue phosphors at each pixel location.
This document discusses computer graphics hardware concepts related to video display devices and input/output devices. It describes the components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, accelerating anode, focusing system, deflection system, and phosphor screen. It also covers raster scan displays, random scan displays, color CRT monitors, and flat panel displays such as plasma panels, thin-film electroluminescent displays, and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Input devices discussed include keyboards, mice, trackballs, joysticks, digitizers, and image scanners. Output devices covered are printers, including dot matrix, laser, inkjet, and bubble jet printers.
This PPT gives detailed information about Computer Graphics, Raster Scan System, Random Scan System, CRT Display, Color CRT Monitors, Input and Output Devices
The document summarizes key differences between vector scan and raster scan displays. Vector scan displays directly draw lines between points by moving the electron beam between endpoints, while raster scan displays sweep the beam across the entire screen in lines from top to bottom. Raster scan is more common as it does not flicker even with complex images and has lower cost and hardware requirements than vector scan. Both methods store images in a frame buffer but raster scan must convert graphics to pixels while vector scan does not.
Computer graphics refers to creating, manipulating, and displaying visual images and animations using computers. There are two main types: interactive and non-interactive. Computer graphics has many applications including graphical user interfaces, plotting graphs and charts, simulations, entertainment, CAD/CAM, medicine, history, art, and cartography. Raster and vector graphics are the two main types of computer graphics representations. Raster uses a grid of pixels while vector uses mathematical formulas to define shapes.
The document provides an overview of computer graphics systems. It discusses different types of display devices including refresh cathode-ray tubes, raster-scan displays, random-scan displays, color CRT monitors, and flat panel displays. It also covers basics of raster graphics systems and random scan systems, including components like the video controller, display processor, and frame buffer. Input devices for graphics systems such as the keyboard, mouse, and digitizer are also mentioned.
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes common display devices like CRT monitors and how they work. It explains color generation techniques in monitors using beam penetration or shadow mask methods. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and joysticks are also covered. The document provides details on frame buffers, resolution, refresh rates and how raster scan displays redraw images.
CG03 Random Raster Scan displays and Color CRTs.ppsxjyoti_lakhani
The document discusses different types of graphics displays. It describes raster-scan displays, which use an electron beam that sweeps across the screen from top to bottom to display an image. Picture definition is stored in a frame buffer. It also describes random-scan displays, which direct the electron beam only where lines need to be drawn. Color CRT monitors use phosphors and a shadow mask to display color. Flat panel displays like plasma panels, thin-film electroluminescent displays, and liquid crystal displays provide thinner alternatives to CRTs.
The document summarizes video display devices, specifically cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It describes the basic design of CRTs including the electron gun, phosphor coating, and refresh process. CRTs use an electron beam directed by deflection systems to illuminate spots on the screen in a raster pattern, maintained by refreshing the screen rapidly. Color CRTs employ different color phosphors and methods like beam penetration or shadow masks to combine colors. Random scan displays draw images as lines rather than pixels.
This document discusses computer graphics and its various aspects. It defines computer graphics as the field concerned with digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. The two main types of computer graphics are raster (composed of pixels) and vector (composed of paths). Raster images are bitmap images mapped to a grid of pixels that can be edited at the pixel level. Vector images use mathematical formulas to draw objects like lines and curves. Common graphics applications include paint programs, animation software, CAD, and desktop publishing. Cathode ray tubes are used to display images by scanning an electron beam across a screen coated with phosphors.
This document discusses computer graphics and its applications. It defines computer graphics as the field concerned with digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. The two main types are raster (composed of pixels) and vector (composed of paths). Raster images are bitmaps mapped to a grid, while vector images use mathematical formulas. Common graphics applications include paint programs, animation software, CAD, and desktop publishing. Cathode ray tubes are used to display images by scanning an electron beam across a screen coated with phosphors.
Computer graphics uses computers to draw and display pictures, graphics, and data in pictorial form. It expresses data visually instead of just text. Computer graphics is used in movies, games, medical imaging, design, education, simulators, art, presentations, image processing, and graphical user interfaces. Pixels are the smallest display elements on a screen, each with an intensity and color value. Interactive graphics allow user input to modify images, while passive graphics do not. Common display devices are CRT monitors which use electron beams to excite phosphors and LCD screens which use pixels to control light transmission. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to draw lines on these displays.
This document provides an overview of graphics display systems. It discusses the basic components and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including the electron gun, focusing and deflection systems. It describes the refresh process of raster-scan CRTs and how random-scan CRTs work. Color CRT monitors are discussed, specifically the beam penetration and shadow mask methods. Key characteristics like resolution, persistence and aspect ratio are also summarized.
The document discusses various display devices used for visual presentation of information. It describes cathode ray tubes (CRT), which use electron guns and phosphorescent coatings to produce images. Raster scan displays refresh images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in rows, while random scan displays draw individual lines. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) use polarized light passing through liquid crystals. Light emitting diodes (LED) also emit light when electrically biased and are used in displays and lighting due to their low energy use and long lifetime. The document provides details on the components and functioning of CRTs and explains the differences between raster and random scan displays.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics. It discusses what computer graphics is, the basic components of a computer graphics system including display devices like CRT monitors. It describes the two main techniques for displaying images on a CRT - vector/random scan and raster scan. The document also discusses color CRT monitors and the two techniques used - beam penetration and shadow mask. It outlines several applications of computer graphics like user interfaces, modeling, simulation and animation.
In a raster scan system, the electron beam scans across rows of the screen from top to bottom, turning intensity on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The image definition is stored in a refresh buffer memory that holds intensity values for screen points. In a random scan system, an application and graphics package are stored in memory, and graphics commands are translated into a display file that a display processor accesses to refresh the screen. Graphics patterns are drawn by directing the electron beam along picture lines one at a time, positioning it between coordinate-defined endpoints to fill each line.
This document summarizes different types of display devices, including cathode ray tubes (CRTs), raster scan displays, random scan displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It describes the basic components and functioning of CRTs, including electron guns, phosphor coatings, and deflection coils. It compares raster and random scan displays, noting that raster displays are better for realistic images while random scans are suited for line drawings. LCDs use polarized light passing through liquid crystals to turn pixels on and off. LED displays use semiconductors to emit light when forward biased, and have advantages over traditional light sources like lower energy use and longer lifetimes.
This document provides information on different types of display devices and monitor technologies. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including their structure, working principle, and technologies such as raster scan and vector scan displays. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) and plasma displays are also mentioned. Key aspects of displays such as pixels, resolution, size, viewing angle, response time, and brightness are defined. CRTs are described as having advantages like high resolution and wide viewing angles, but also disadvantages like large thickness and weight.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics concepts including:
- Definition and components of computer graphics
- SRGP (Simple Raster Graphics Package) for drawing shapes and handling basic interactions
- Raster graphics features like canvases, clipping, and copy pixel
- Limitations of SRGP
- Display technologies like raster scan displays, random scan displays, and video controllers
- Input devices for user interaction like locators, keyboards, and logical input/output
This document discusses different types of CRT display systems. It describes Direct View Storage Tubes (DVST) which store images using a long persistence phosphor but cannot be updated quickly. Random scan/calligraphic displays draw lines in arbitrary order but must be refreshed at 30 Hz. Raster scan displays store images as a matrix of pixels in a refresh buffer and draw the entire screen sequentially one line at a time, allowing for animation and faster updating than DVST systems.
Computer graphics involves rendering pictures, charts, and graphs on computers rather than just text. It has many applications including movies, games, medical imaging, CAD, education, and simulations. Computer graphics uses pixels - the smallest display elements - to represent images on screens. There are two main types: interactive graphics which allow user input, and passive graphics which do not. Raster scan displays refresh images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines, while random scan displays draw images line by line. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to efficiently render lines and circles of pixels.
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4. A CRT is an evacuated glass tube. An electron
gun at the rear of the tube produces a beam of
electrons which is directed towards the front of
the tube (screen).
The inner side of the screen is coated with
phosphor substance which gives off light when it
is stroked by electrons.
The beam is positioned on the screen by a
deflection system of the cathode-ray-tube
consists of two pairs of parallel plates, referred
to as the vertical and horizontal deflection
plates.
The intensity of the beam is controlled by
the intensity signal on the control grid.
5. The voltage applied to vertical plates controls the vertical
deflection of the electron beam and voltage applied to the
horizontal deflection plates controls the horizontal deflection of
the electron beam.
There are two techniques used for producing images on the CRT
screen: Vector scan / random scan and Raster scan.
When the phosphor is hit by the electron beam it absorbs energy
and jumps to a higher quantum-energy level. As it returns to its
normal level it emits visible light i.e. it phosphoresces. In the
phosphors used in graphics devices the persistence of the
phosphorescence is typically 10-60 microseconds.
Before the human visual system can see a transient image it
must be continually redrawn (refreshed) at a rate higher than the
critical fusion frequency of the human visual system. To allow
the human visual system to see a continuously refreshed image
without flicker the refresh rate has to be at least 60 frames/sec.
6. Raster: A rectangular array of points or dot.
An image is subdivided into a sequence of (usually
horizontal) strips known as "scan lines“ which can be further
divided into discrete pixels for processing in a computer
system.
A raster image is a collection of dots called pixels
8. In a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept
across the screen, one row at a time from top to bottom.
As the electron beam moves across each row, the beam
intensity is turned on and off to create a pattern of
illuminated spots.
The return to the left of the screen, after refreshing each
scan line is called Horizontal retrace.
At the end of each frame the electron beam returns to
the top left corner of the screen to begin the next frame
is called Vertical retrace:
9.
10. • Picture definition is stored in a memory area called the
refresh buffer or frame buffer.
• Refresh buffer or frame buffer is memory area that
holds the set of intensity values for all the screen
points.
• Stored intensity values then retrieved from refresh
buffer and “painted” on the screen one row (scan line)
at a time.
11. Object as set of discrete points across each
scan line
12. The quality of a raster image is determined by the total
number pixels (resolution), and the amount of
information in each pixel (color depth)
A black-and-white system: each screen point is either on
or off, so only one bit per pixel is needed to control the
intensity of screen positions. Such type of frame buffer
is called Bit map
High quality raster graphics system have 24 bits per
pixel in the frame buffer (a full color system or a true
color system)
Refreshing on raster scan displays is carried out at the
rate of 60 to 80 frame per second.
13. On some raster systems (TV), each frame is displayed in two
passes using an interlaced refresh procedure.
Interlacing is primarily used for slower refresh rates.
An effective technique to avoid Flicker.(Flicker occurs on
CRTs when they are driven at a low refresh rate, allowing
the brightness to drop for time intervals sufficiently long to be
noticed by a human eye)
14.
15.
16. Suited for realistic display of screens
Home television computer printers create their
images basically by raster scanning. Laser
printers use a spinning polygonal mirror (or an
optical equivalent) to scan across the
photosensitive drum, and paper movement
provides the other scan axis
Common raster image formats include BMP (Windows
Bitmap), JPEG (Joint Photographics Expert Group),
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) , PNG (Portable
Network Graphic), PSD (Adobe PhotoShop)
17. • To increase the size of a raster image the pixels
defining the image are be increased in either
number or size. Spreading the pixels over a larger
area causes the image to lose detail and clarity.
• Produces jagged lines that are plotted as discrete
points
18. Random scan display is the use of geometrical
primitives such as points, lines, curves, and polygons,
which are all based upon mathematical equation
19.
20. When operated as a random-scan display
unit, a CRT has the electron beam directed
only to the parts of the screen where a
picture is to be drawn.
Random-scan monitors draw a picture one
line at a time and for this reason are also
referred to as vector displays (or stroke-
writing or calligraphic displays).
21.
22. Refresh rate depends on the number of lines to be
displayed.
Picture definition is now stored as a line-drawing
commands an area of memory referred to as refresh
display file (display list).
To display a picture, the system cycle through the set
of commands in the display file, drawing each
component line in turn.
Random scan displays are designed to draw all the
component lines of a picture 30 to 60 times each
second
23. Ideal Drawing Vector Drawing
Raster
Outline primitives Filled primitives
A Raster system produces jagged lines that are plotted as
discrete points sets.
Vector displays product smooth line drawing
24. Random scan displays are designed for line-
drawing applications and can not display
realistic shaded scenes
25. Random scan displays have higher resolution than
raster systems.
Vector displays product smooth line drawing.
This minimal amount of information translates to a
much smaller file size. (file size compared to large
raster images)
On zooming in, and it remains smooth
The parameters of obje.cts are stored and can be later
modified.
26. In addition to the central processing unit (CPU), a special
processor, called the video controller or display controller, is
used to control the operation of the display device.
A fixed area of the system memory is reserved for the frame
buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the
frame buffer memory.
Operation performed:
1. Refreshing operation
2. Transformation (Areas of the screen can be enlarged,
reduces, or moved during the refresh cycles)
27.
28. Frame buffer location, and the corresponding screen
positions, are referenced in Cartesian coordinates
Scan lines are then labeled from ymax at the top of the
screen to 0 at the bottom. Along each scan line, screen
pixel positions are labeled from 0 to xmax
Two registers are used to store the coordinates of the
screen pixels.
x
y Line Scan
y
max
x max
30. The purpose of the DP is to free the CPU from the
graphics chores.
A major task of the display processor is Scan
Conversion.
Scan Conversion: is digitizing a picture definition
given in an application program into a set of pixel
intensity values for storage in the frame buffer.
31.
32. Graphic commands are translated by the graphics
package into a display file stored in the system
memory.
This file is then accessed by the display processor
unit (DPU)(graphic controller) to refresh the
screen.
33.
34. Base of
Difference
Raster Scan System Random Scan System
Electron
Beam
The electron beam is swept across the
screen, one row at a time, from top to
bottom.
The electron beam is directed
only to the parts of screen where
a picture is to be drawn.
Resolution
Its resolution is poor because raster
system in contrast produces zig-zag
lines that are plotted as discrete point
sets.
Its resolution is good because
this system produces smooth
lines drawings because CRT
beam directly follows the line
path.
Picture
Definition
Picture definition is stored as a set of
intensity values for all screen points,
called pixels in a refresh buffer area.
Picture definition is stored as a
set of line drawing instructions
in a display file.
Realistic
Display
The capability of this system to
store intensity values for pixel
makes it well suited for the realistic
display of scenes contain shadow and
color pattern.
These systems are designed for
line-drawing and can’t display
realistic shaded scenes.
Draw an
Image
Screen points/pixels are used to draw
an image.
Mathematical functions are used
to draw an image.
Editor's Notes
Flicker occurs on CRTs when they are driven at a low refresh rate, allowing the brightness to drop for time intervals sufficiently long to be noticed by a human eye