This document summarizes the design and manufacturing of a twin spindle drilling attachment. Key points:
- The attachment allows a drilling machine to simultaneously drill two holes in a single setting, improving productivity over a single spindle setup.
- It uses a sun and planet gear arrangement to transmit power from the main spindle to two drilling spindles.
- Components like gears, shafts, and housing were designed using Creo software and manufactured. Drill chucks, bearings, and bits were purchased.
- The attachment was assembled and installed on a vertical drilling machine. It is aimed at improving productivity in mass production applications by combining two drilling operations into one setup.
IRJET- Estimating Crushing Force of Cone Crusher using Analytical MethodIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the crushing force of a cone crusher using an analytical method. It presents a simplified formula to calculate the crushing force based on parameters like hydraulic cylinder pressure, diameter, weight of the moving cone, and dynamic cone angle. Applying the formula for a sample cone crusher, the normal operating crushing force is calculated as 832kN and maximum crushing force due to uncrushable material is 1028kN. There is approximately 24% error between the analytical method and experimental data, mainly due to differences in pressure rise when uncrushable material is present. The analytical method provides a way to estimate crushing forces for design of cone crusher components.
Design of Automated Rotory Cage Type Fixture for Cylinder BlockIJERA Editor
Project gives feasible solution to move and rotate the component with full proofing fixturing for special purpose operations like drilling, Tapping, deburring, washing, drying involve in manufacturing and assembly unit of industry. Rotary cage type fixture is made for handling the cylinder head inside the cleaning machine use for making fully ready component before assembly operation .System is useful to save time manpower and deliver perfect cleaned and dry component .system involved all the mechanical components along with the sensors used to restrict the rotating operations, stop and go operations etc.
This document discusses the mass optimization of a solid disk flywheel used in thresher machines. It begins by analyzing an existing 60kg solid flywheel to calculate its kinetic energy and stresses. It then uses a graphical optimization method to minimize the flywheel's mass while maintaining the same moment of inertia and required energy. This results in an optimized 52kg flywheel design with dimensions of 520mm diameter, 110mm inner diameter, and 32.5mm thickness. Calculations show the optimized flywheel has nearly equal kinetic energy and stresses as the original, while saving 12% material. Finite element analysis using ANSYS further validates the stresses and deformations are within permissible limits for both the original and optimized designs.
Structural analysis of steering yoke of an automobile for withstanding torsio...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The steering columns in a steering system are one of the main devices of an automobile. It is a very important part to attain stability and
steady movement of the vehicle. It consists of two yokes, one on each shaft, connected by a cross-shaped intermediate member i.e.
spider. Motion transmission system of vehicles consist several components which sometimes encounter unfortunate failures. Some
common reasons for the failures may be manufacturing and design faults, maintenance faults, raw material faults, material processing
faults as well as the user originated faults. In this paper finite element analysis of the component is carried out to find the stress and
displacement of the final product. For modeling of the component, CATIA V5 R17 software is used. Preprocessing work like meshing
and analysis work is carried out in HYPERWORKS software. Using FEA analysis, we can identify the nature and characteristics of
stresses acting on the yoke and also evaluate the influence of the loads/ mass/ geometry/ boundary conditions over the yoke.
Keywords: Steering Yoke, Structural analysis, FEA, CATIA V5, Hyper works
The document discusses the structural analysis and optimization of a steering yoke component in an automobile. Finite element analysis was conducted on the original design using Hyperworks software to determine stresses and displacement under an applied torque load. The analysis found high stresses in some areas. Topology optimization was then used to modify the design by removing unnecessary material. Analysis of the modified design showed lower stresses within the yield strength of the material, indicating an improved and safe design.
IRJET - Design and Development of Axial Feed using Recirculating Ball Screw f...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of an axial feed system using a recirculating ball screw for a 6-axis CNC gear hobbing machine. It begins with an overview of the gear hobbing process and advantages of using a ball screw over a lead screw. It then describes the design process for the axial feed system, which involves selecting a suitable ball screw based on calculations of stroke length, load capacity, rigidity and service life. A 63mm diameter ball screw with 10mm lead is selected that meets the design requirements for axial load, rotational speed and long service life.
IRJET- Design and Manufacturing of Gear Driven ScrewdriverIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and manufacturing of a gear-driven screwdriver. The gear mechanism uses rack and pinion gears as well as bevel gears to convert linear motion to rotational motion. This eliminates the need for twisting force required in a conventional screwdriver. Calculations are shown for the design of the bevel gear pair and spur gears based on input power, torque, speed and material properties. Dimensions are determined for the gears, shafts, keys and bearings. The gear-driven screwdriver aims to reduce human effort compared to conventional and electric screwdrivers by eliminating the need for direct twisting or external power.
IRJET- Integrated Unit of Power Transmission having Combination of Clutch and...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a hydraulic actuated combination clutch-brake unit using analytical calculations and C programming. The unit provides both clutch and brake functions simultaneously for machines requiring frequent starting and stopping. It transmits high power through a multi-disc friction clutch and generates high braking torque through a disc brake. The design calculates the required dimensions and forces for the shaft, clutch, and brake based on input parameters like motor power, speed, material properties, number of discs, coefficients of friction, and pressure intensities. C programming is used to automate the calculations and discuss the results.
IRJET- Estimating Crushing Force of Cone Crusher using Analytical MethodIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the crushing force of a cone crusher using an analytical method. It presents a simplified formula to calculate the crushing force based on parameters like hydraulic cylinder pressure, diameter, weight of the moving cone, and dynamic cone angle. Applying the formula for a sample cone crusher, the normal operating crushing force is calculated as 832kN and maximum crushing force due to uncrushable material is 1028kN. There is approximately 24% error between the analytical method and experimental data, mainly due to differences in pressure rise when uncrushable material is present. The analytical method provides a way to estimate crushing forces for design of cone crusher components.
Design of Automated Rotory Cage Type Fixture for Cylinder BlockIJERA Editor
Project gives feasible solution to move and rotate the component with full proofing fixturing for special purpose operations like drilling, Tapping, deburring, washing, drying involve in manufacturing and assembly unit of industry. Rotary cage type fixture is made for handling the cylinder head inside the cleaning machine use for making fully ready component before assembly operation .System is useful to save time manpower and deliver perfect cleaned and dry component .system involved all the mechanical components along with the sensors used to restrict the rotating operations, stop and go operations etc.
This document discusses the mass optimization of a solid disk flywheel used in thresher machines. It begins by analyzing an existing 60kg solid flywheel to calculate its kinetic energy and stresses. It then uses a graphical optimization method to minimize the flywheel's mass while maintaining the same moment of inertia and required energy. This results in an optimized 52kg flywheel design with dimensions of 520mm diameter, 110mm inner diameter, and 32.5mm thickness. Calculations show the optimized flywheel has nearly equal kinetic energy and stresses as the original, while saving 12% material. Finite element analysis using ANSYS further validates the stresses and deformations are within permissible limits for both the original and optimized designs.
Structural analysis of steering yoke of an automobile for withstanding torsio...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The steering columns in a steering system are one of the main devices of an automobile. It is a very important part to attain stability and
steady movement of the vehicle. It consists of two yokes, one on each shaft, connected by a cross-shaped intermediate member i.e.
spider. Motion transmission system of vehicles consist several components which sometimes encounter unfortunate failures. Some
common reasons for the failures may be manufacturing and design faults, maintenance faults, raw material faults, material processing
faults as well as the user originated faults. In this paper finite element analysis of the component is carried out to find the stress and
displacement of the final product. For modeling of the component, CATIA V5 R17 software is used. Preprocessing work like meshing
and analysis work is carried out in HYPERWORKS software. Using FEA analysis, we can identify the nature and characteristics of
stresses acting on the yoke and also evaluate the influence of the loads/ mass/ geometry/ boundary conditions over the yoke.
Keywords: Steering Yoke, Structural analysis, FEA, CATIA V5, Hyper works
The document discusses the structural analysis and optimization of a steering yoke component in an automobile. Finite element analysis was conducted on the original design using Hyperworks software to determine stresses and displacement under an applied torque load. The analysis found high stresses in some areas. Topology optimization was then used to modify the design by removing unnecessary material. Analysis of the modified design showed lower stresses within the yield strength of the material, indicating an improved and safe design.
IRJET - Design and Development of Axial Feed using Recirculating Ball Screw f...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of an axial feed system using a recirculating ball screw for a 6-axis CNC gear hobbing machine. It begins with an overview of the gear hobbing process and advantages of using a ball screw over a lead screw. It then describes the design process for the axial feed system, which involves selecting a suitable ball screw based on calculations of stroke length, load capacity, rigidity and service life. A 63mm diameter ball screw with 10mm lead is selected that meets the design requirements for axial load, rotational speed and long service life.
IRJET- Design and Manufacturing of Gear Driven ScrewdriverIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and manufacturing of a gear-driven screwdriver. The gear mechanism uses rack and pinion gears as well as bevel gears to convert linear motion to rotational motion. This eliminates the need for twisting force required in a conventional screwdriver. Calculations are shown for the design of the bevel gear pair and spur gears based on input power, torque, speed and material properties. Dimensions are determined for the gears, shafts, keys and bearings. The gear-driven screwdriver aims to reduce human effort compared to conventional and electric screwdrivers by eliminating the need for direct twisting or external power.
IRJET- Integrated Unit of Power Transmission having Combination of Clutch and...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a hydraulic actuated combination clutch-brake unit using analytical calculations and C programming. The unit provides both clutch and brake functions simultaneously for machines requiring frequent starting and stopping. It transmits high power through a multi-disc friction clutch and generates high braking torque through a disc brake. The design calculates the required dimensions and forces for the shaft, clutch, and brake based on input parameters like motor power, speed, material properties, number of discs, coefficients of friction, and pressure intensities. C programming is used to automate the calculations and discuss the results.
Design and analysis of worm pair used in self locking system with development...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes the design and analysis of a worm pair system used for self-locking. A worm pair system combines two threaded rods or worm screws that are meshed together to provide self-locking properties with over 90% efficiency, compared to around 40% for a conventional worm gear system. The design process involves selecting materials and dimensions for the input shaft, output shaft, load drum hub, and worm screws. Calculations are shown for torque capacities, shear stresses, and efficiencies. Experimental results validate that the worm pair system has higher efficiency than a conventional worm gear self-locking system. A manual clutch is also designed to allow quickly releasing the load by disengaging the load drum from the output shaft.
IRJET- Design, Static, and Modal Analysis of High Speed Motorized Milling Spi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design, static analysis, and modal analysis of a high-speed motorized milling spindle. It aims to optimize parameters that influence the spindle, which runs at 14,000 rpm with 15 kW power rating. Static deflection analysis is performed to check spindle stiffness. Modal analysis using ANSYS characterizes the spindle's dynamic behavior under different vibration modes to analyze system behavior and obtain natural frequencies and mode shapes. The document discusses the components of the spindle assembly, including the housing, shaft, bearings, and motor materials. It outlines the objectives to design and analyze the spindle using theoretical calculations, FEA, and comparing results to select the optimal design.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of an Indexing FixtureIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of an indexing fixture used to rotate a 6-cylinder truck engine block. The indexing fixture allows the engine block to be rotated through specific angles, improving safety, reducing time, and making the process easier compared to previous manual methods. Key components of the indexing fixture include a base to bear the engine block, left and right indexing plates, shafts, housings, and a motor providing 2.2 kW of power to rotate the fixture. Design calculations determined the maximum torque of 4254 Nm would occur at 90 degrees of rotation. The indexing fixture aims to improve ergonomics, ease of handling, safety, and reduce time compared to previous lifting and rotating of heavy engine blocks.
Design and Finite Element Analysis of Fixture for Milling of Cummins Engine B...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and finite element analysis of a fixture for milling the top surface of a Cummins engine block. The goal was to design a milling fixture that could mill the engine block to a depth of 1mm within 3 minutes to meet a production target of 400 units per day. The fixture design was modeled in solid modeling software and analyzed using finite element analysis software to evaluate stresses. The analysis found that stresses in critical parts like the clamp strap, height bracket, and pins were well below the yield strengths of the respective materials, indicating the fixture design was structurally feasible for its intended use.
Design and fabrication of prototype of multipurpose machine for sheet metal o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Sheet metal is basically a thin sheet of metal by using several operations. Nowadays it has become one of the most
important and fundamental forms in metalworking.[10] the advantage of sheet metal is that it can be bent into variety of
desired shapes. Lots of everyday objects are being manufactured using sheet metal. Sheet metal is mainly used for various
aerodynamically shaped car bodies, airplane wings, architecture and many other applications.[9] dent removing/rolling, cutting
and v-grooving are the most widely used operations in the fabrication industry. The conventional machines could only carry out
any of the above operations simultaneously. If these operations can be done on a single machine, it would not only make work quite
easy and less tedious but also increases profitability .moreover, conventional machines are often hand operated for small scale industry
applications. Also the time taken on these separate machines that is the overall lead time decreases by making them power
operated, resulting in lower cost and higher productivity. Our project is to encompass these operations onto a single machine
successfully. Keywords: Sheet Metal, Rolling, Cutting, V-Grooving
IRJET- Static Analysis of Cutting Tool using Finite Element ApproachIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to examine the static stress on a single point cutting tool under different tool geometry parameters. A CAD model of the cutting tool and workpiece was created in ANSYS. The tool's total deformation and von Mises stress were calculated for variations in relief angle, back rake angle, and chip formation. The results showed that increasing the relief angle and back rake angle decreased tool stress levels significantly. A positive back rake angle helped move chips away from the workpiece and led to easier material shearing over compression. Continuous chip formation with a positive rake angle also helped maintain tool safety during hard material cutting. In conclusion, a positive rake angle is preferred for machining
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
IRJET- Investigation of Stresses in Rear Half Axle of an AutomobileIRJET Journal
The document investigates stresses in the rear half axle of an automobile using finite element analysis. It considers various cases like increasing angular velocity, inclination of the axle, and additional loads. Von-Mises and maximum principal stresses increase with higher angular velocity and additional loads. At a constant speed, stresses increase up to a certain inclination angle and then remain similar. Comparing FEA results to analytical calculations shows good agreement at higher angular velocities. The maximum stresses occur at the junction of the axle and gear.
The document describes the design of a lifting mechanism for agricultural equipment attachments. The mechanism uses wedges and a power screw actuated by hand to lift attachments like plows. It aims to provide lifting capability with reduced cost, size, and weight compared to hydraulic mechanisms. Key components include a holder, bell crank, two wedges, base, and power screw. Calculations are shown for component sizing. A prototype is tested lifting a 10kg L-shaped attachment. Analysis shows the bell crank can withstand over 300kg of load with minimal deflection and stress. The mechanism performs as intended and has potential for industrial and other lifting applications.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Design and fabrication of multi way hacksaw machine REPORT Eshver chandra
In this project work and effort has been made to develop a modernized multi way hacksaw machine and less stress full operation for cutting wood, metal and plastic materials. The aim of this work is to develop a hacksaw machine that will use a less effort to produce uniform cutting of PVC pipes, metals, wood. It is also done to show the performance difference between hand driven, pedal drive and multi way hacksaw machine. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion of swashplate to reciprocating motion of hacksaw blades, which is done by using Wobble Plate Mechanism. This motion is used for hacksaw machine; in this model we can operate multi hacksaws simultaneously. This model will overcome the traditional hacksaw machine which done material cutting of single piece at particular times interval and also fulfils the need of more material cutting accounts to mass production. This machine works significantly with minimum vibrations and jerks. Hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency. To achieve this goal the multi way hacksaw machine is developed.
This document describes the design and analysis of an automatic stirrup making machine. Some key points:
1. The machine aims to automate the production of stirrups used in concrete beams and columns to reduce human labor and increase productivity.
2. It consists of components like a rectifier, motor, sprockets, and dies that rotate to bend rebar into the square shape of the stirrup.
3. Design calculations are shown for selecting transmission components like sprockets and chain to achieve the desired bending speed from the motor torque.
4. The machine is designed to continuously produce 200x200mm stirrups from 6-8mm rebar with low power consumption for use in construction sites
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Studies and mechanical tries regarding the cutting process by punching of the...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper we analyzed in first part on a virtual model made in SolidWorks, mechanical stresses occurring in the mechanism for cutting the dressing, determining optimal cutting force and in second part, on physical model built I determined, using specialized measuring devices, cutting forces. This paper is intended as an analysis of the technical solutions adopted in virtual construction phase by the physical model based on achieved results.
optimization and development of multiway hacksaw machineswapnil512
1) The document discusses optimization of cutting parameters for machining processes. It describes using techniques like geometric programming to minimize production time by optimizing cutting speed and feed rate.
2) It provides background on cutting processes and discusses how optimization can increase productivity by minimizing costs and production time. Common optimization objectives are minimizing unit cost, maximizing production rate or profit rate.
3) The document reviews different optimization techniques that have been applied to problems like the traveling salesman problem, including simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. It discusses combining approaches like annealing-genetic algorithms.
Karakuri based dolly frames unstacking systemAnshumanRaj8
The document describes the design of a low-cost Karakuri-based dolly frame stacking and unstacking system. The aims are to improve efficiency and ergonomics at the workstation. A CAD model and simulation are designed in Solidworks. Stress analysis determines the stopper gate can withstand the force of rolling frames. An electronic counting unit using an Arduino, sensors and display is designed to count frames. Components include conveyor rails, wheels, and profiles from the Minitec catalog. The minimum conveyor inclination angle is calculated to be 9 degrees.
This document presents the theoretical analysis and design of a multi-way power hacksaw machine. The proposed machine aims to overcome limitations of conventional single-cut hacksaw machines by enabling the simultaneous cutting of four metal bars. It utilizes a rotating disc connected via connecting rods and universal joints to four reciprocating hacksaw frames. Design calculations determine the required motor torque of 158.3 Nm can be provided by a 2HP motor. The multi-way design is expected to improve production rates for industries by reducing idle time between cuts. Future work may include automation of material feeding and frame lifting mechanisms.
Design of an effective automated machine for quality palm kernel productionIOSR Journals
Abstract: Palm kernel production potentials of several countries are far from been fully exploited. At present,
many countries are operating below expected capacity and this research effort is to develop an appropriate
machine for quality production of palm kernel. Power requirement of the machine is 4.29kw, resultant bending
moment of the shaft is 4.67Nm and 85.30Nm and diameter of the shaft is 25.39mm. The machine is evaluated
using ‘Dura’ variety at moisture content; 12.00%, 11.10%, 10.20%, 9.60% and 9.00%, and ‘Tenera’ variety at;
12.00%, 11.00%, 10.00%, 9.10% and 8.20% moisture content. The performance of the machine shows that
throughput capacity increases from 625-1270 kg/hr for ‘Dura’ and also increases from 750-1200 kg/hr for
‘Tenera’. Mechanical damage reduces from 2.47-1.40% for ‘Dura’ and reduces from 1.16-0.20% for ‘Tenera’.
Functional efficiency increases from 92.30-96.40% for ‘Dura’ and increases from 95.50-99.07% for ‘Tenera’.
Quality performance efficiency increases from 91.00-95.30% for ‘Dura’ and increases from 95.50-98.80% for
‘Tenera’. The mean shearing force in ‘Dura’ is 31.10 ± 0.20N and that of ‘Tenera’ is 12.66 ± 0.20N.
Keywords - design, efficiency machine, palm kernel,
Machine design project for MEX5277 course at Open University of Sri Lanka. This document gives you an idea for step by step guide create Mechanical lifting machine.
The document describes an automatic vegetable cutting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and increase production by automating vegetable cutting. Sensors allow the machine to safely cut vegetables at higher speeds with more precision than human workers. This will benefit large-scale food factories by reducing costs while improving safety, efficiency and quality compared to manual cutting.
This document discusses the manufacturing process of a toggle jack. It begins with an abstract and introduction. It then provides operation sheets for the various components of the jack including the lead screw, worm, and nut. Next, it describes the various manufacturing processes involved such as primary shaping, machining, surface finishing, and joining. It also discusses process planning for turning and thread cutting. It concludes with a section on cost estimation and provides conclusions on the benefits of electric toggle jacks.
Design of special purpose machine head to improve the production of engine blockIAEME Publication
This document discusses the design of a special purpose machine head to improve production of engine blocks. The machine is designed to mill locus clearances in engine blocks more efficiently than existing milling machines. It aims to reduce machining time and vibration during the milling process. The design of the machine head includes a hydraulic spindle that allows for angular motion to efficiently mill the locus pattern. The new special purpose machine is estimated to increase monthly production from 2,103 engine blocks to 6,792 blocks and lower machining costs, resulting in estimated annual savings of over 7 lakh rupees.
Design and analysis of worm pair used in self locking system with development...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes the design and analysis of a worm pair system used for self-locking. A worm pair system combines two threaded rods or worm screws that are meshed together to provide self-locking properties with over 90% efficiency, compared to around 40% for a conventional worm gear system. The design process involves selecting materials and dimensions for the input shaft, output shaft, load drum hub, and worm screws. Calculations are shown for torque capacities, shear stresses, and efficiencies. Experimental results validate that the worm pair system has higher efficiency than a conventional worm gear self-locking system. A manual clutch is also designed to allow quickly releasing the load by disengaging the load drum from the output shaft.
IRJET- Design, Static, and Modal Analysis of High Speed Motorized Milling Spi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design, static analysis, and modal analysis of a high-speed motorized milling spindle. It aims to optimize parameters that influence the spindle, which runs at 14,000 rpm with 15 kW power rating. Static deflection analysis is performed to check spindle stiffness. Modal analysis using ANSYS characterizes the spindle's dynamic behavior under different vibration modes to analyze system behavior and obtain natural frequencies and mode shapes. The document discusses the components of the spindle assembly, including the housing, shaft, bearings, and motor materials. It outlines the objectives to design and analyze the spindle using theoretical calculations, FEA, and comparing results to select the optimal design.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of an Indexing FixtureIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of an indexing fixture used to rotate a 6-cylinder truck engine block. The indexing fixture allows the engine block to be rotated through specific angles, improving safety, reducing time, and making the process easier compared to previous manual methods. Key components of the indexing fixture include a base to bear the engine block, left and right indexing plates, shafts, housings, and a motor providing 2.2 kW of power to rotate the fixture. Design calculations determined the maximum torque of 4254 Nm would occur at 90 degrees of rotation. The indexing fixture aims to improve ergonomics, ease of handling, safety, and reduce time compared to previous lifting and rotating of heavy engine blocks.
Design and Finite Element Analysis of Fixture for Milling of Cummins Engine B...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and finite element analysis of a fixture for milling the top surface of a Cummins engine block. The goal was to design a milling fixture that could mill the engine block to a depth of 1mm within 3 minutes to meet a production target of 400 units per day. The fixture design was modeled in solid modeling software and analyzed using finite element analysis software to evaluate stresses. The analysis found that stresses in critical parts like the clamp strap, height bracket, and pins were well below the yield strengths of the respective materials, indicating the fixture design was structurally feasible for its intended use.
Design and fabrication of prototype of multipurpose machine for sheet metal o...eSAT Journals
Abstract Sheet metal is basically a thin sheet of metal by using several operations. Nowadays it has become one of the most
important and fundamental forms in metalworking.[10] the advantage of sheet metal is that it can be bent into variety of
desired shapes. Lots of everyday objects are being manufactured using sheet metal. Sheet metal is mainly used for various
aerodynamically shaped car bodies, airplane wings, architecture and many other applications.[9] dent removing/rolling, cutting
and v-grooving are the most widely used operations in the fabrication industry. The conventional machines could only carry out
any of the above operations simultaneously. If these operations can be done on a single machine, it would not only make work quite
easy and less tedious but also increases profitability .moreover, conventional machines are often hand operated for small scale industry
applications. Also the time taken on these separate machines that is the overall lead time decreases by making them power
operated, resulting in lower cost and higher productivity. Our project is to encompass these operations onto a single machine
successfully. Keywords: Sheet Metal, Rolling, Cutting, V-Grooving
IRJET- Static Analysis of Cutting Tool using Finite Element ApproachIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to examine the static stress on a single point cutting tool under different tool geometry parameters. A CAD model of the cutting tool and workpiece was created in ANSYS. The tool's total deformation and von Mises stress were calculated for variations in relief angle, back rake angle, and chip formation. The results showed that increasing the relief angle and back rake angle decreased tool stress levels significantly. A positive back rake angle helped move chips away from the workpiece and led to easier material shearing over compression. Continuous chip formation with a positive rake angle also helped maintain tool safety during hard material cutting. In conclusion, a positive rake angle is preferred for machining
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
IRJET- Investigation of Stresses in Rear Half Axle of an AutomobileIRJET Journal
The document investigates stresses in the rear half axle of an automobile using finite element analysis. It considers various cases like increasing angular velocity, inclination of the axle, and additional loads. Von-Mises and maximum principal stresses increase with higher angular velocity and additional loads. At a constant speed, stresses increase up to a certain inclination angle and then remain similar. Comparing FEA results to analytical calculations shows good agreement at higher angular velocities. The maximum stresses occur at the junction of the axle and gear.
The document describes the design of a lifting mechanism for agricultural equipment attachments. The mechanism uses wedges and a power screw actuated by hand to lift attachments like plows. It aims to provide lifting capability with reduced cost, size, and weight compared to hydraulic mechanisms. Key components include a holder, bell crank, two wedges, base, and power screw. Calculations are shown for component sizing. A prototype is tested lifting a 10kg L-shaped attachment. Analysis shows the bell crank can withstand over 300kg of load with minimal deflection and stress. The mechanism performs as intended and has potential for industrial and other lifting applications.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Design and fabrication of multi way hacksaw machine REPORT Eshver chandra
In this project work and effort has been made to develop a modernized multi way hacksaw machine and less stress full operation for cutting wood, metal and plastic materials. The aim of this work is to develop a hacksaw machine that will use a less effort to produce uniform cutting of PVC pipes, metals, wood. It is also done to show the performance difference between hand driven, pedal drive and multi way hacksaw machine. This model implies a conversion of rotary motion of swashplate to reciprocating motion of hacksaw blades, which is done by using Wobble Plate Mechanism. This motion is used for hacksaw machine; in this model we can operate multi hacksaws simultaneously. This model will overcome the traditional hacksaw machine which done material cutting of single piece at particular times interval and also fulfils the need of more material cutting accounts to mass production. This machine works significantly with minimum vibrations and jerks. Hence the purposed model of hacksaw machines will be welcomed by many industries due to compactness and efficiency. To achieve this goal the multi way hacksaw machine is developed.
This document describes the design and analysis of an automatic stirrup making machine. Some key points:
1. The machine aims to automate the production of stirrups used in concrete beams and columns to reduce human labor and increase productivity.
2. It consists of components like a rectifier, motor, sprockets, and dies that rotate to bend rebar into the square shape of the stirrup.
3. Design calculations are shown for selecting transmission components like sprockets and chain to achieve the desired bending speed from the motor torque.
4. The machine is designed to continuously produce 200x200mm stirrups from 6-8mm rebar with low power consumption for use in construction sites
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Studies and mechanical tries regarding the cutting process by punching of the...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper we analyzed in first part on a virtual model made in SolidWorks, mechanical stresses occurring in the mechanism for cutting the dressing, determining optimal cutting force and in second part, on physical model built I determined, using specialized measuring devices, cutting forces. This paper is intended as an analysis of the technical solutions adopted in virtual construction phase by the physical model based on achieved results.
optimization and development of multiway hacksaw machineswapnil512
1) The document discusses optimization of cutting parameters for machining processes. It describes using techniques like geometric programming to minimize production time by optimizing cutting speed and feed rate.
2) It provides background on cutting processes and discusses how optimization can increase productivity by minimizing costs and production time. Common optimization objectives are minimizing unit cost, maximizing production rate or profit rate.
3) The document reviews different optimization techniques that have been applied to problems like the traveling salesman problem, including simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. It discusses combining approaches like annealing-genetic algorithms.
Karakuri based dolly frames unstacking systemAnshumanRaj8
The document describes the design of a low-cost Karakuri-based dolly frame stacking and unstacking system. The aims are to improve efficiency and ergonomics at the workstation. A CAD model and simulation are designed in Solidworks. Stress analysis determines the stopper gate can withstand the force of rolling frames. An electronic counting unit using an Arduino, sensors and display is designed to count frames. Components include conveyor rails, wheels, and profiles from the Minitec catalog. The minimum conveyor inclination angle is calculated to be 9 degrees.
This document presents the theoretical analysis and design of a multi-way power hacksaw machine. The proposed machine aims to overcome limitations of conventional single-cut hacksaw machines by enabling the simultaneous cutting of four metal bars. It utilizes a rotating disc connected via connecting rods and universal joints to four reciprocating hacksaw frames. Design calculations determine the required motor torque of 158.3 Nm can be provided by a 2HP motor. The multi-way design is expected to improve production rates for industries by reducing idle time between cuts. Future work may include automation of material feeding and frame lifting mechanisms.
Design of an effective automated machine for quality palm kernel productionIOSR Journals
Abstract: Palm kernel production potentials of several countries are far from been fully exploited. At present,
many countries are operating below expected capacity and this research effort is to develop an appropriate
machine for quality production of palm kernel. Power requirement of the machine is 4.29kw, resultant bending
moment of the shaft is 4.67Nm and 85.30Nm and diameter of the shaft is 25.39mm. The machine is evaluated
using ‘Dura’ variety at moisture content; 12.00%, 11.10%, 10.20%, 9.60% and 9.00%, and ‘Tenera’ variety at;
12.00%, 11.00%, 10.00%, 9.10% and 8.20% moisture content. The performance of the machine shows that
throughput capacity increases from 625-1270 kg/hr for ‘Dura’ and also increases from 750-1200 kg/hr for
‘Tenera’. Mechanical damage reduces from 2.47-1.40% for ‘Dura’ and reduces from 1.16-0.20% for ‘Tenera’.
Functional efficiency increases from 92.30-96.40% for ‘Dura’ and increases from 95.50-99.07% for ‘Tenera’.
Quality performance efficiency increases from 91.00-95.30% for ‘Dura’ and increases from 95.50-98.80% for
‘Tenera’. The mean shearing force in ‘Dura’ is 31.10 ± 0.20N and that of ‘Tenera’ is 12.66 ± 0.20N.
Keywords - design, efficiency machine, palm kernel,
Machine design project for MEX5277 course at Open University of Sri Lanka. This document gives you an idea for step by step guide create Mechanical lifting machine.
The document describes an automatic vegetable cutting machine. It aims to reduce labor costs and increase production by automating vegetable cutting. Sensors allow the machine to safely cut vegetables at higher speeds with more precision than human workers. This will benefit large-scale food factories by reducing costs while improving safety, efficiency and quality compared to manual cutting.
This document discusses the manufacturing process of a toggle jack. It begins with an abstract and introduction. It then provides operation sheets for the various components of the jack including the lead screw, worm, and nut. Next, it describes the various manufacturing processes involved such as primary shaping, machining, surface finishing, and joining. It also discusses process planning for turning and thread cutting. It concludes with a section on cost estimation and provides conclusions on the benefits of electric toggle jacks.
Design of special purpose machine head to improve the production of engine blockIAEME Publication
This document discusses the design of a special purpose machine head to improve production of engine blocks. The machine is designed to mill locus clearances in engine blocks more efficiently than existing milling machines. It aims to reduce machining time and vibration during the milling process. The design of the machine head includes a hydraulic spindle that allows for angular motion to efficiently mill the locus pattern. The new special purpose machine is estimated to increase monthly production from 2,103 engine blocks to 6,792 blocks and lower machining costs, resulting in estimated annual savings of over 7 lakh rupees.
One of the most important component in mechanical is Gear for the transmission of power with ease and with less friction. Its main aim is to transfer torque from one shaft to other. There are different kinds of gears namely spur gear, helical gears, worm gears etc. Gear drives are used for different kinds of machines like automobiles, metal cutting tools, material handling equipment’s, rolling mills, marine power plants etc. The friction and other losses in this type of power transmission equipment is comparatively very low. In this work a software called “MATLAB†is used to design a Spur Gear. MATLAB is widely used for lot of research purposes for obtaining accurate results and it has got a lot of built in functions which makes it versatile. It is a user friendly one and when executed it ask the inputs and performs the necessary design calculations and gives necessary output values. As computers are used to perform the task of gear design becomes simple, friendly and error free.
Design and Analysis of Multi Spindle Drilling Head with Adjustable Centre Dis...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a multi-spindle drilling head attachment. The attachment is designed to increase productivity by allowing multiple holes to be drilled simultaneously in a workpiece. Key aspects of the design include:
1) The attachment can be mounted to an existing drill and powered by its motor. It has two spindles that can drill holes with a center distance ranging from 26mm to 106mm.
2) Components of the attachment like the spindle, gears, shaft and drill holder are designed and their stresses are analyzed using calculations and finite element analysis software.
3) Analysis shows the induced stresses in all components are below the yield stress of the respective materials, indicating the design is safe
The document describes the development of a small injection moulding machine for forming small plastic articles for small-scale industries. Key points:
- The machine was designed and constructed to produce small plastic components like key holders and bottle caps. Design concepts, operation, and assembly of component parts are described.
- Calculations were performed to determine the diameter of the injection plunger, number of teeth for gears, motor specifications, and leverage on the handle.
- The machine parts were assembled according to the design. The constructed machine was then tested using high density polyethylene and produced satisfactory results.
IRJET - Design, and Manufacturing of Automatic Sheet Metal Bending MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design, development, and manufacturing of an automatic sheet metal bending machine. It aims to address limitations of existing manual and small-scale bending machines by developing an automated machine using a hydraulic system. Key aspects covered include:
1. Conducting research to identify problems with existing machines like high costs and difficulty bending small parts.
2. Designing and calculating components like the hydraulic press, beams to support bending forces, and selecting an appropriate motor.
3. Developing a 3D model and describing the construction of the machine.
4. Discussing future improvements like adding automation and increasing the bending capacity.
5. Concluding the hydraulic cylinder approach makes the machine simpler and
Analysis of Vibration of Radial Drilling Machine Structure Using Finite Eleme...IRJET Journal
1. The study analyzes the vibration of a radial drilling machine structure using finite element analysis. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure are determined.
2. A finite element model is created to represent the machine structure as frame elements. The first three natural frequencies are identified as 35.68Hz, 52.24Hz, and 318.7Hz.
3. The first three vibration mode shapes are described, showing the displacement patterns of different parts of the structure at each natural frequency.
Design and Analysis of a Single Plate Clutch AssemblyIRJET Journal
- The document describes the design and analysis of a single plate clutch assembly for a pickup truck.
- Key components of the clutch include the flywheel, pressure plate, friction plate, and springs. Materials are selected based on requirements.
- Calculations are shown for determining the inner diameter of the friction plate, required spring force, torque capacity, power capacity, and dimensions of other components.
- AutoCAD is used to create drawings based on the calculations. The final design specifications including torque capacity, power capacity, diameters, number of springs, and service factor are provided.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Chainless BicycleIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a chainless bicycle. After examining chain and shaft drive mechanisms, a shaft drive was selected due to its lower cost and flexibility. Key components of the shaft drive include the drive shaft, bevel gears, and bearings. The drive shaft transfers power from the pedals to the rear wheel. Bevel gears with a module of 4 mm were used to connect the drive shaft to the rear wheel. Calculations were shown to verify that the bevel gear design could withstand the expected tangential forces of 452.4 N. Mild steel was selected for materials like the gear shaft and frame. The overall design aims to develop a low-cost chainless bicycle using shaft power transmission.
This study aims to minimize the grinding cost of internal cylindrical grinding of stainless steel 316 using optimal exchanged grinding wheel diameter. The relationships of the grinding cost, the exchanged grinding wheel diameter and the grinding process parameters are calculated by mathematical functions. The influences of ten grinding process parameters including the initial grinding wheel diameter, the width of grinding wheel, the total depth of dressing cut, the tolerance grade, the grinding wheel life, the radial grinding wheel wear per dress, the machine tool hourly rate, the wages including overhead cost, the grinding wheel cost, and the ratio of workpiece length per workpiece diameter on the exchanged grinding wheel diameter have been investigated. Based on 128 sets of the grinding parameters, the optimum exchanged grinding wheel diameter related to the minimal grinding cost have been determined as a function of the grinding parameters. This developed relation can be further applied for cylindrical internal grinding to reduce the grinding cost.
IRJET- Design of Three Spindle Drilling, Spot facing Horizontal SPM for C...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a special purpose machine (SPM) that can perform drilling and spot facing operations on cylinder heads simultaneously. The SPM is designed to reduce production time and costs by replacing separate drilling and spot facing machines with a single machine. The key features of the SPM include:
1) A gear box that uses a combination drilling/spot facing tool to allow both operations to be performed at once.
2) A hydraulic system to control linear movement of the gear box and hold the workpiece.
3) A jig plate and renewable bush design to securely hold cylinder heads for machining.
The goals of the design are to increase productivity by reducing setup times and performing multiple
Special purpose machine tools are designed and manu factured for specific jobs and such never produced in bulk such machines are finding increasi ng use in industries the techniques for designing such machine would obviously be quite different fro m those used for mass produced machine. A very keen judgment is essential for success of such mach ines. This paper explains a case study of designing special purpose machine and manufactured at ABC Com pany which found beneficial in increasing production quantity & reducing manpower.
DESIGN OF SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINE HEAD TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTION OF ENGINE BL...IAEME Publication
Special purpose machine tools are designed and manufactured for specific jobs and such never produced in bulk such machines are finding increasing use in industries the techniques for designing such machine would obviously be quite different from those used for mass produced machine. A very keen judgment is essential for success of such machines. A special purpose machine was designed and manufactured at ABC Company which found beneficial in increasing production
quantity & reducing manpower.
IRJET- Design of Angular Way Drilling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an angular way drilling machine. It includes 3 key points:
1) The machine allows for drilling holes at any angle between 0 and 90 degrees, providing more flexibility than traditional vertical drilling machines. It has saddle slide ways that allow the workpiece to be repositioned easily, reducing setting time.
2) The design includes components like lead screws, spur gears, bevel gears, and an angular table that allow the machine head and workpiece to be rotated and positioned in various orientations for angled drilling.
3) Calculations are provided for sizing gears and other components based on design requirements. The overall design is intended to simplify angled drilling and reduce the time required
The document discusses modal analysis of a high-speed milling spindle. A finite element model of the spindle is created in ANSYS based on its specifications. Modal analysis of the model yields natural frequencies including 422 Hz. Experimental modal analysis using an FFT analyzer on a manufactured spindle specimen yields frequencies up to 401 Hz. Comparing the finite element and experimental results, 422 Hz is identified as the natural resonance frequency of the spindle, which is above the designed operating speed of 16,000 rpm. The modal analysis shows no resonance will occur during operation.
ANALYSIS OF CNC LATHE SPINDLE FOR MAXIMUM CUTTING FORCE CONDITION AND BEARING...AM Publications
The present CNC machine structures consist of spindle system which plays a relating to the quality of the
final product and the overall productivity and efficiency of the machine tool itself. The spindle of a CNC lathe
machine, which is rotated by the main motor, holds the cutting tool, which cuts the work piece, so that the cutting
forces are generated which effects the spindle accuracy directly. The forces which are affecting the CNC machine tool
spindle are tangential force (Ft), feed force (Fc), radial force (Fr) and will be estimated. Based on maximum cutting
force incurred the analysis will be carried out. The main objective is to find the static, fatigue analysis of spindle
structure for maximum cutting force condition and predicting life of bearings. From static analysis stress and
deformation of the spindle can be found. Stress obtained from the stress analysis is less than the yield strength of the
material and deformation of the spindle is very less which can be neglected. Equivalent alternating stress, factor of
safety and life of the spindle is found by fatigue analysis and which results are closely matches with the analytical
value
Design of Ball Screw Mechanism for Retro Fit of External Grinding MachineIOSR Journals
Abstract: To convert the existing grinding machine into a good working machine, a ball screw mechanism is
designed and incorporated in the existing grinding machine by retrofitting process. Grinding machine removes
material from the work piece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amount of heat. Therefore a coolant
System is incorporated to cool the work piece, so that it does not overheat and go out of its tolerance. Grinding
practice is a large and diverse area of manufacturing and tool making. It can also rough out large volume of
metal quite rapidly. It is usually better suited to the machining of hard materials. Cylindrical grinding is also
called center type grinding. It is used in the removing the cylindrical surface and shoulders of the work piece.
The five type of cylindrical grinding are outside diameter (OD) grinding. Inside diameter (ID) grinding, plunge
grinding, creep feed grinding and center less grinding.It is used in the industries for grinding the nozzle body.
The grinding machine can be changed to automatic machine according to one of the latest technologies called
PLC’s controller. The manually operated grinding machine has some of the in-accuracies and disadvantages
compared to new modern CNC grinding machines.Based on the case study of both manual and CNC grinding
machine, the manual machine is converted into automatic machine for the better accuracy and efficiency. The
main replacement of the machine parts are hydraulic cylinder and stepper motor by ball screw mechanisms and
servo motor.
RELIABILITY BASED DESIGN OF A GEAR BOXIJERA Editor
Reliability is the probability that a system, component or device will perform without failure for a specified period of time under specified operating conditions. The concept of reliability is of great importance in the design of various machine members. Conventional engineering design uses a deterministic approach. It disregards the fact that the material properties, the dimensions of the components and the externally applied loads are statistical in nature. In conventional design this uncertainties are covered with a factor of safety, which is not always successful. The growing trend towards reducing uncertainty and increasing reliability is to use the probabilistic approach. In the present work a three shaft four speed gear box and six speed gear box are designed using reliability principles. For the specified reliability of the system (Gear box), component reliability (Gear pair) is calculated by considering the system as a series system. Design is considered to be safe and adequate if the probability of failure of gear box is less than or equal to a specified quantity in each of the two failure modes. . All the parameters affecting the design are considered as random variables and all the random variables are assumed to follow normal distribution. A computer program in C++ is developed to calculate the face widths in bending and surface failure modes. The larger one out of the two values is considered. By changing the variations in the design parameters, variations in the face widths are studied.
IRJET - Embedded System Based Automatic PCB Drilling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes an embedded system-based automatic printed circuit board (PCB) drilling machine. It aims to provide an affordable and accurate PCB drilling solution for small businesses. The machine uses an Arduino board to control movement along the X, Y, and Z axes based on coordinate data from an EAGLE PCB design file. This allows the drilling motor to be precisely positioned for efficient drilling of holes. The design focuses on using low-cost components like stepper motors, shafts, and sliders to achieve automated drilling while maintaining accuracy compared to expensive computer numerical control machines. Path planning algorithms are explored to optimize the drilling path and reduce total drilling time.
IRJET- Design and Development of Modified Jig for Angular Drilling on Cylindr...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a modified drilling jig for angular drilling on cylindrical parts. Key points:
- The jig allows drilling holes at angles up to 360 degrees on the periphery of solid or hollow cylindrical workpieces for mass production.
- It uses both circular and linear indexing mechanisms to drill holes at precise angles and distances.
- Solidworks modeling software was used to design the jig components, which include clamping, indexing, and locking elements.
- Calculations were performed to determine drilling forces, torque, clamping force, machining time and other parameters for the jig's design analysis.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines pricing strategy in a two-stage supply chain consisting of a supplier and retailer. The supplier offers a credit period to the retailer, who then offers credit to customers. A mathematical model is formulated to maximize total profit for the integrated supply chain system. The model considers three cases based on the relative lengths of the credit periods offered at each stage. Equations are developed to represent the profit functions for the supplier, retailer and overall system in each case. The goal is to determine the optimal selling price that maximizes total integrated profit.
The document discusses melanoma skin cancer detection using a computer-aided diagnosis system based on dermoscopic images. It begins with an introduction to skin cancer and melanoma. It then reviews existing literature on automated melanoma detection systems that use techniques like image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Features extracted in other studies include asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter and texture-based features. The proposed system collects dermoscopic images and performs preprocessing, segmentation, extracts 9 features based on the ABCD rule, and classifies images using a neural network classifier to detect melanoma. It aims to develop an automated diagnosis system to eliminate invasive biopsy procedures.
This document summarizes various techniques for image segmentation that have been studied and proposed in previous research. It discusses edge-based, threshold-based, region-based, clustering-based, and other common segmentation methods. It also reviews applications of segmentation in medical imaging, plant disease detection, and other fields. While no single technique can segment all images perfectly, hybrid and adaptive methods combining multiple approaches may provide better results. Overall, image segmentation remains an important but challenging task in digital image processing and computer vision.
This document presents a test for detecting a single upper outlier in a sample from a Johnson SB distribution when the parameters of the distribution are unknown. The test statistic proposed is based on maximum likelihood estimates of the four parameters (location, scale, and two shape) of the Johnson SB distribution. Critical values of the test statistic are obtained through simulation for different sample sizes. The performance of the test is investigated through simulation, showing it performs well at detecting outliers when the contaminant observation represents a large shift from the original distribution parameters. An example application to census data is also provided.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a portable device called the "Disha Device" to improve women's safety. The device has features like live location tracking, audio/video recording, automatic messaging to emergency contacts, a buzzer, flashlight, and pepper spray. It is designed using an Arduino microcontroller connected to GPS and GSM modules. When the button is pressed, it sends an alert message with the woman's location, sets off an alarm, activates the flashlight and pepper spray for self-defense. The goal is to provide women a compact, one-click safety system to help them escape dangerous situations or call for help with just a single press of a button.
- The document describes a study that constructed physical fitness norms for female students attending social welfare schools in Andhra Pradesh, India.
- Researchers tested 339 students in classes 6-10 on speed, strength, agility and flexibility tests. Tests included 50m run, bend and reach, medicine ball throw, broad jump, shuttle run, and vertical jump.
- The results showed that 9th class students had the best average time for the 50m run. 10th class students had the highest flexibility on average. Strength and performance generally improved with increased class level.
This document summarizes research on downdraft gasification of biomass. It discusses how downdraft gasifiers effectively convert solid biomass into a combustible producer gas. The gasification process involves pyrolysis and reactions between hot char and gases that produce CO, H2, and CH4. Downdraft gasifiers are well-suited for biomass gasification due to their simple design and ability to manage the gasification process with low tar production. The document also reviews previous studies on gasifier configuration upgrades and their impact on performance, and the principles of downdraft gasifier operation.
The document presents a comparative study of different gantry girder profiles for various crane capacities and gantry spans. Bending moments, shear forces, and section properties are calculated and tabulated for 'I'-section with top and bottom plates, symmetrical plate girder, 'I'-section with 'C'-section top flange, plate girder with rolled 'C'-section top flange, and unsymmetrical plate girder sections. Graphs of steel weight required per meter length are presented. The 'I'-section with 'C'-section top flange profile is found to be optimized for biaxial bending but rolled sections may not be available for all spans.
This document summarizes research on analyzing the first ply failure of laminated composite skew plates under concentrated load using finite element analysis. It first describes how a finite element model was developed using shell elements to analyze skew plates of varying skew angles, laminations, and boundary conditions. Three failure criteria (maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Wu) were used to evaluate first ply failure loads. The minimum load from the criteria was taken as the governing failure load. The research aims to determine the effects of various parameters on first ply failure loads and validate the numerical approach through benchmark problems.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the larvicidal effects of Aegle marmelos (bael tree) leaf extracts on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Specifically, it assessed the efficacy of methanol extracts from A. marmelos leaves in killing A. aegypti larvae (at the third instar stage) and altering their midgut proteins. The study found that the leaf extract achieved 50% larval mortality (LC50) at a concentration of 49 ppm. Proteomic analysis of larval midguts revealed changes in protein expression levels after exposure to the extract, suggesting its bioactive compounds can disrupt the midgut. The aim is to identify specific inhibitor proteins in the midg
This document presents a system for classifying electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The system first preprocesses raw ECG data by removing noise and segmenting the signals. It then uses a CNN to extract features directly from the ECG data and classify arrhythmias without requiring complex feature engineering. The CNN architecture contains 11 convolutional layers and is optimized using techniques like batch normalization and dropout. The system was tested on ECG datasets and achieved classification accuracy of over 93%, demonstrating its effectiveness at automated ECG classification.
This document presents a new algorithm for extracting and summarizing news from online newspapers. The algorithm first extracts news related to the topic using keyword matching. It then distinguishes different types of news about the same topic. A term frequency-based summarization method is used to generate summaries. Sentences are scored based on term frequency and the highest scoring sentences are selected for the summary. The algorithm was evaluated on news datasets from various newspapers and showed good performance in intrinsic evaluation metrics like precision, recall and F-score. Thus, the proposed method can effectively extract and summarize online news for a given keyword or topic.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
1. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.8, No.6, June 2020
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
21
doi: 10.32622/ijrat.86202008
Abstract— The main purpose of mass production is to
produce large quantity of products at lowest possible
price. Thus, it is important to design and manufacture
such machines or machine attachments that would
increase productivity of the components. Combining
two operations would result in decreasing the total
machining time and thus achieving the objective of
increasing the productivity. Therefore, an attempt is
made to design and manufacture a twin spindle drilling
attachment so that instead of one hole, two holes can be
simultaneously produced in a single setting. A simple
sun and planet gear arrangement is used to transmit
power from main spindle to the drilling spindles.
Initially design of various components like gears, input
shaft, output shaft and key is done. Then Creo
Parametric 2.0 software is used for solid modeling of
above mentioned components. Some components like
gears, input shaft, output shafts, support plate and keys
are manufactured in the workshop while the other
remaining components like drill chuck, bearings and
drill bit are directly purchased from the market. Final
assembly of twin spindle drilling attachment is done by
combining all the above mentioned components.
Finally, the drilling attachment is installed on the
vertical drilling machine.
IndexTerms— Creo Parametric 2.0, Productivity,
Sun and planet gear, Twin-spindle drilling attachment,
Vertical drilling machine.
1. INTRODUCTION
A. Drilling machine
Drilling machine is useful in cutting holes in solid
entities like wood, metal and other materials. It has
different parts like head, column, base, table, column,
sleeve etc. Fig. 1 shows the different parts of drilling
machine. It utilizes a drill bit which is a rotary
multi-point cutting tool (Deepak et el., 2017). The drill
bit is held by the drilling machine with the help of
Manuscript received on 29 June, 2020 and published on
July 10, 2020.
Sumit M. Naik, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
AISSMS College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Email: smtnk72@gmail.com.
Sameer S. Khairnar, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Email: sameerkhairnar28@gmail.com.
Samadhan K. Wagadkar, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Email: samadhan63@gmail.com.
chuck or Morse taper. Different speeds can be utilized
to rotate and feed the drill bit into the workpiece. Other
operations like reaming, boring, countersinking,
counterboring, spot facing and tapping can also be
performed on the drilling machine. While performing
the drilling operation, the drill bit is forced against the
workpiece and rotated at different speeds depending on
the speed range of the drilling machine. The chips are
eliminated as the drill bit advances into the workpiece
and a hole is produced.
Fig. 1. Parts of drilling machine
In a conventional drilling machine one hole may be
drilled in a single operation, but with the use of a
drilling attachment, it is possible to drill more than one
hole simultaneously in a single setting. Thus, in turn
helping in increasing the productivity (Gawande and
Trikal, 2016).
B. Multi-spindle drilling attachment
A multi-spindle drilling attachment can be utilized to
simultaneously perform multiple operations in a
workpiece. When there is a requirement of repetitive
work, these attachments can be effectively utilized. A
single motor is used to drive number of drill spindles.
All the drill spindles are fed into the workpiece
simultaneously. To achieve this, either the work table
can be raised or the drill head can be lowered
(Bharad et el., 2017). The multi-spindle attachment
helps to achieve accurate and identical drilled layouts
in mass production. They are commonly used in
aircraft and automobile industries. There are classified
into two types. The first one is the fixed multi-spindle
attachment and the other one is the adjustable
multi-spindle attachment (Udgave and Khot, 2016).
Design and Manufacturing of Twin-Spindle Drilling
Attachment
Sumit M. Naik, Sameer S. Khairnar, Samadhan K. Wagadkar
2. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.8, No.6, June 2020
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
22
doi: 10.32622/ijrat.86202008
2. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF TWIN
SPINDLE DRILLING ATTACHMENT
Fig. 2. Schematic of twin spindle drilling
attachment
A. Construction
Fig. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of the twin
spindle drilling attachment, which can be used in
conjunction with a vertical drilling machine. The input
shaft is coupled to the quill of the drilling machine by
using a series of Morse tapers. The input shaft also
carries the pinion of the gear train. The pinion meshes
with two spur gears which are provided with drill
chucks for holding the tools. The support plate is meant
for providing stability to the entire setup. It carries
holes for holding the bearings of the input and output
shafts. The support plate is made of mild steel C40.
The input shaft is provided with Morse taper no. 2. It
can thus be easily mounted onto the quill of the vertical
drilling machine. The input as well as the output shafts
are made of mild steel. The output shafts are also
tapered accordingly in order to support the drill chucks.
The gears mounted on the shaft are spur gears, with
speed ratio of 2. Gears are made up of EN-8 material.
Keyways are milled in each of the shafts to
accommodate sunk keys, so that the relative motion
between the shaft and the gears can be prevented.
Corresponding keyways are also milled in the shafts.
The bearings provided in the assembly are single row
radial deep groove ball bearing. Three such bearings
have been used in the setup, one for the input shaft and
one each for the two output shafts.
B. Working
The drive motor of the vertical drilling machine drives
the input shaft of the attachment. Thus the pinion
mounted on the input shaft also rotates with it and
drives the two spur gears mounted on the respective
output shafts. Each of the two output shafts are
mounted with drill chucks for holding the tools. Thus
the tools mounted in the respective chucks also rotate
along with the gears and thus perform the required
cutting action (Bankar et el., 2013). As the drilling
process results into significant heat generation, it is
necessary to provide a continuous supply of coolant to
the cutting zone.
3. DESIGN OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS
A. Design of spur gears
Properties of Material:
Material used - EN 8,
Ultimate Tensile Strength (σut) = 750 N/mm2
,
Yield Strength (σy)= 465 N/mm2
,
Brinell hardness number (BHN) = 250.
The material used for driver gear and driven gear is
same thus we design for pinion.
From (PSG design data book, 2012),
Power required for drilling P in kW,
P =
1.25 ×Dd
2
×K × N ×(0.056+1.5 × S)
105 …….… (1)
where, Dd - Diameter of hole to be drilled in mm,
K - Material factor,
N - RPM during drilling,
S - Feed rate in mm/rev,
We select K = 2.05 from standard tables for work
material and value of material factor and s = 0.15 from
the standard table for work material and value of feed
in mm/rev.
=
1.25 × 8.52 × 2.05 × 900 × (0.056 + 1.5 × 0.15)
105
P = 0.4682 kW
Therefore the power required for two drills will be,
P = 2 x 0.4682 = 0.9364 kW
By considering the efficiency of gear system as 80%,
P = 0.8 x 0.9364 = 0.749 kW
Thus, P = 0.75 kW………...………………..…….... (2)
Rated power for drilling machine available = 3.6 kW
Thus the vertical drilling machine can be used for the
required drilling operation.
Torque transmitted (T),
T =
P ×60 ×106
2 ×π× Np
....................................... (3)
where, Np - speed of pinion in rpm,
From (2) and Np = 1800 rpm,
=
0.75 ×60 ×106
2 ×π× 1800
T = 3978.87 N-mm……….………...… (4)
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Tangential force (Pt),
Pt =
2 × T
Dp
……..…..………….……... (5)
=
2 × T
m ×zp
………..………….…….. (6)
where, Dp - diameter of pinion in mm,
m - module of gear,
zp - number of teeth in pinion.
The minimum number of teeth for a 20° full depth
involute system of gear teeth in order to avoid
interference is 18. Thus zp =18.
=
2 ×3978.87
m × 18
Pt =
442.09
m
……………...……………. (7)
We know that, Lewis Form Factor (Y),
Y = 𝜋 [0.154 −
0.912
zp
]…......………….. (8)
= 𝜋 [0.154 −
0.912
18
]
Y = 0.3246……………………………... (9)
Effective load (Peff),
Peff =
Cs×Pt
Cv
……………………………. (10)
where, Cs - Service factor
Cv - Velocity factor
Assuming the value as Cs = 1.8,
Velocity factor (Cv),
Cv =
3
3+v
…………………...….……..... (11)
where, v - pitch line velocity,
v =
π ×Dp ×Np
60 ×103 ……………………….... (12)
v =
π ×18× m×1800
60 ×103
v = 1.69 m…………………………….... (13)
Using (13) in (11),
Cv =
3
3+1.69m
…………………..………. (14)
Using (7) and (14) in (10),
Peff =
1.8×
442.09
m
3
3+1.69m
Peff =
2387+1345m
3m
…………...…...………. (15)
As the gear and the pinion are made up of the same
material, thus the pinion is weaker than the gear.
Therefore, we have to design the pinion
(Shingavi et el., 2015).
We know the beam strength equation,
m× b × σb × Y = Peff× FOS……………. (16)
where, b - face width of gear,
σb - allowable tensile stress.
Let us adopt,
Factor of safety = 2,
b = 12m,
σb=
σut
3
,
and using (9) and (15) in (16), we get
m × 12m ×
750
3
× 0.3246 =
2387+1345m
3m
× 2
973.8 m2
=
4744+2690m
3m
2921.4 m3
= 4774+2690m
Solving the above equation we get,
m = 1.44 mm…………………. (17)
Let us take module, m = 2 mm.
Thus we get,
Pitch Circle Diameter of pinion,
Dp = m × zp= 2×18 = 36 mm
Pitch Circle Diameter of gear,
Dg = m × zg = 2× 36 = 72 mm
Putting the value of m = 2mm in (7),
Pt =
442.09
m
Pt =
442.09
2
Thus the tangential load acting on gear is,
Pt = 221.05 N…………... (18)
According to standard proportions of gear system,
(Nargatti et el., 2016),
Addendum = m = 2 mm
Dedendum = 1.157m = 2.314 mm
Clearance = 0.157m = 0.314 mm
Total Depth = 2.157m = 4.314 mm
Total Thickness = 1.157m = 2.314 mm
Table 1. Specification of pinion and gear
Sr.
No.
Gear Name Pinion Gear
1 Material EN8 EN8
2 Module 2 2
3 Number of teeth 18 36
4 Pitch circle diameter in mm 36 72
5 Tooth thickness in mm 2.314 2.314
6 Pressure angle in degrees 20 20
The specification of pinion and gear is as shown in
Table 1.
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B. Design of input shaft
Properties of Material:
Material used – Mild Steel
Ultimate Tensile Strength(σut
) = 450 N/mm2
,
Yield Strength(σy
)= 280 N/mm2
,
Factor of Safety = 3,
Tangential force (Pt) = 221.05 N,
Power transmitted (P) = 0.75 kW,
Torque transmitted (T) = 3978.87 N-mm.
We know that, Pr = Pt × tan (θ)
= 221.05 × tan (20)
Pr = 80.44 N
The magnitude of the self-weight of the pinion is very
small in comparison to the torque experienced by the
shaft and therefore it can be neglected for analysis.
The radial and tangential components of the gear forces
will be carried by the shaft. The radial forces will be
equal and opposite and therefore will not cause any
stresses in the shaft. The tangential forces can be
accounted by designing the shaft against torsion failure.
Using ASME code of design,
Allowable shear stress,
(𝜏s)1 = 0.30 × σy
= 0.30 × 280
= 84 N/mm2
(𝜏s)2 = 0.18 × σut
= 0.18 × 450
= 81 N/mm2
Considering minimum of the two values,
(Shinde et el., 2015)
(𝜏s)all = 81 N/mm2
As we are producing keyway on the shaft,
We reduce the above value by 25%.
( 𝜏s)all = 0.75 × 81 = 60.75 N/mm2
Torque transmitted by the shaft,
T =
π
16
× (τs)all × d3
3978.87 =
π
16
× 60.75 × d3
Solving the above equation, we have,
d = 6.93 mm
For ease of construction,
We select, d= 20mm
Thus, diameter of input shaft = 20 mm.
C. Design of output shaft
Material used – Mild Steel
Ultimate Tensile Strength(σut
) = 450 N/mm2
,
Yield Strength, (σy
)= 280 N/mm2
,
Factor of Safety = 3,
Tangential force (Pt) = 221.05 N,
Power transmitted (P) = 0.75 kW,
Torque transmitted (T) = 3978.87 N-mm.
The magnitude of the self-weight of the gear is very
small in comparison to the torque experienced by the
shaft and therefore it can be neglected for analysis.
In this case the radial forces do not cancel out thus
along with the torque experienced by the shaft we have
to also consider bending moment caused by the radial
force WR.
The shaft is subjected to a radial force of 80.44 N.
Thus we find out the reactions as RA= 65.69 N and
RB = 14.75 N and the maximum bending moment
acting on the shaft is calculated as,
M = 65.69 × 22 = 1445.25 N-mm
Thus, the shaft is subjected to a bending moment of
1445.25 N-mm in addition to the torque of
3978.87 N-mm.
We know that equivalent twisting moment,
Te = √(KbM)2 + (KtT)2
where, Kb = combined shock & fatigue factor for
bending moment
Kt = combined shock & fatigue factor for
twisting moment
= √(1.5 × 1445.25)2
+ (1 × 3978.87)2
Te = 4530.94 N-mm
Also we know that equivalent bending moment,
(Bhandari, 2010)
Me = [(Kb × M) + √(Kb × M)2 + (Kt × T)2 ]
= [(1.5 × 1445.25) +
√(1.5 × 1445.25)2 + (1 × 3978.87)2 ]
Me = 6698.44 N-mm
The material used for output shaft is same as input shaft
thus the allowable shear stress is similar to input shaft.
(𝜏s)all = 60.75 N/mm2
and allowable bending stress is given by,
( 𝜎b)all =
𝜎ut
𝐹𝑂𝑆
( 𝜎b)all =
450
3
= 150 N/mm2
The equivalent twisting moment is also given as,
Te =
π
16
× (τs)all × D3
4530.94 =
π
16
× 60.75 × D3
Solving the above equation for D, we have,
D = 7.24 mm
The equivalent bending moment is also given as,
Me =
π
32
× (σb)all × (D)3
6698.44 =
π
32
× 150 × (D)3
Solving the above equation for D, we have,
D = 7.69 mm
Considering the larger of the two values, D= 7.69 mm.
5. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.8, No.6, June 2020
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For ease of construction,
We select, D= 20mm
Thus, diameter of output shaft = 20 mm.
D. Design of key
Properties of Material:
Material used – Mild Steel
Ultimate Tensile Strength(σut
) = 450 N/mm2
,
Yield Strength, (σy
)= 280 N/mm2
,
Factor of safety (FOS) = 3.
Allowable crushing stress,
(σc
)= (σy
) = 280 N/mm2
,
(σc)all =
(σc)
𝐹𝑂𝑆
=
280
3
= 93.33 N/mm2
Allowable shear stress,
(𝜏s) = 0.5 × (σy
) = 0.5 × 280 = 140 N/mm2
,
( 𝜏s)all =
(τs)
𝐹𝑂𝑆
=
140
3
= 46.67 N/mm2
Let, l = Length of the key in mm,
t = Thickness of the key in mm,
w = Width of the key in mm.
The minimum length of key should be equal to 1.517d
to ensure a good load distribution over the entire key
length when the shaft becomes twisted when loaded in
torsion.
Thus l = 1.517d = 1.517 × 20 = 30.34 mm
Thus we take length of shaft as 31 mm.
The thumb rule dimensions for a sunk key is,
w =
𝑑
4
=
20
4
= 5 mm,
t =
𝑑
6
=
20
6
= 3.33 mm.
First we check for failure of key in crushing,
Torque transmitted,
T = (𝜎c)act × l ×
𝑡
2
×
𝑑
2
3978.87 = ( 𝜎c)act x 31 x
3.33
2
x
20
2
( 𝜎c)act = 7.70 N/mm2
( 𝜎c)act < ( 𝜎c)all,
Thus key is safe under crushing load.
Now we check failure of key in shear,
Torque transmitted,
T = ( 𝜏s)act × l × w ×
𝑑
2
3978.87 = ( 𝜏s)act × 31 × 5 ×
20
2
( 𝜏s)act = 2.56 N/mm2
( 𝜏s)act < ( 𝜏s)all
Thus key is safe under shear load.
Final key dimensions,
l = 31 mm, w = 5 mm, t =3.33 mm.
4. SOLID MODELING OF DIFFERENT
COMPONENTS
As per the design in previous section, solid modeling of
different components of the drilling attachment is done
in Creo Parametric 2.0 software.
The CAD model of pinion and gear is as shown in
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively. The pinion and gear are
provided with the keyway in order to fit the key.
Fig. 3. Solid model of pinion
Fig. 4. Solid model of gear
The CAD model of input shaft and output shaft are as
shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 respectively. Both the input
and output shafts are provided with keyway in order to
fit the key.
Fig. 5. Solid model of input shaft
6. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.8, No.6, June 2020
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doi: 10.32622/ijrat.86202008
Fig. 6. Solid model of output shaft
The solid model of support plate is as shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Solid model of support plate
The solid model of drilling attachment assembly is as
shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Solid model of assembly
5. MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY OF
VARIOUS COMPONENTS
A. Manufacturing of different components
As per the design specifications given in Table 1, the
pinion and gear are manufactured with the help of gear
hobbing machine. Then with the help of horizontal
broaching machine, the keyway on gear and pinion is
produced. The support plate, input shaft and output
shaft are manufactured in the CNC machine. The
bearings, drill chuck and drill bits are purchased from
market.
B. Assembly of components
After the manufacturing of some components and
purchase of other remaining components, assembly of
drilling attachment is done. The assembly is done as
following:
1. Insert the input shaft bearing and output shaft
bearings into the support plate.
2. Fit the input shaft into the corresponding bearing of
support plate.
3. Fit the first output shaft into the corresponding
bearing of support plate.
4. Fit the second output shaft into the corresponding
bearings of support plate.
5. Fit the pinion on input shaft and two gears on output
shafts.
6. Insert the key into the shafts and gears.
7. Fit the drill chucks along with drill bit into the output
shafts.
Fig. 9 shows the twin spindle drilling attachment
installed on the vertical drilling machine.
Fig. 9. Final assembly
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Aut hor-3 Photo
6. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
A. Advantages
1. The drilling attachment is portable
2. Cheaper as compared to the CNC machine.
3. It is possible to reduce manufacturing lead time.
4. Operator fatigue can be reduced.
5. Simple to operate.
B. Disadvantages
1. The pitch circle diameter of the holes of the drilling
attachment cannot be changed.
2. Jobs of only a particular dimension can be machined.
3. Overall weight of the attachment is higher than
expected.
6. CONCLUSION
The twin spindle drilling attachment can be effectively
used in conjunction with the vertical drilling machine
and can be operated at different speeds that are suitable
for drilling. The attachment is portable which gives it
an advantage of using it anywhere. It presents an added
advantage of being inexpensive over the CNC
machining option. Time saving is obtained by a
combination of two operations, which also provides
with an added benefit of reduced operator fatigue. This
setup can help manufacturers reduce cycles of
operation and thus increase productivity. Also the
attachment enables machining of through holes in
workpiece of defined dimensions efficiently, thus it is
very useful in mass production.
6. FUTURE SCOPE
1. The drilling attachment can be designed for varying
center distance between two drilling spindles.
2. Instead of twin spindle, a four spindle attachment can
be designed in order to increase productivity further
more.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest
REFERENCES
[1] U. Deepak, C. Tharun Prabhakar, P. M. Prasanth,
S. Manikandan, “Design and Fabrication of Multispindle
Drilling”, International Conference on Latest Innovations in
Applied Science, Engineering and Technology, pp. 143-149,
March 2017.
[2] Dnyaneshwar B. Bharad, Rahul D. Gawande, Pratik D.
Ghangale and Rahul K. Gunjal, “A Paper on Two Spindle
Drilling Head”, International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp. 818-821, Apr 2017.
[3] K. I. Nargatti, S. V. Patil and G. N. Rakate, “Design and
Fabrication of Multispindle drilling head with varying centre
distance”, International Journal of Trend in Research and
Development, Vol. 3, pp. 506-508, May 2016.
[4] S. R. Gawande and S. P. Trikal, “Design of Special Purpose
Multi Spindle Drilling Machine”, International Journal of
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Issue 1, pp. 6-10,2016.
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Rahul, P. A. Patil, “Design & Development of Twin Drill Head
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[7] Prof. M. B. Bankar, Prof. P. B. Kadam, Prof. M. R. Todkar,
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Multiple Spindle Drilling Attachment”, IOSR Journal of
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[8] A. S. Udgave and Prof. V. J. Khot, “Design and Development
of Multi Spindle Drilling Head (msdh)”, IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering, pp. 60-69, June 2016.
[9] V.B. Bhandari, “Design of Machine Elements”, Third Edition,
Tata McGraw Hill Publications, 2010.
[10] Design Data Book of Engineers, PSG College of Technology,
Coimbatore, Kalaikathir Achchagam Publications, 2012.
AUTHORS PROFILE
Mr. Sumit M. Naik completed his B. Tech in
Mechanical Engineering from College of
Engineering Pune and Masters in Design
Engineering from Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune. He has worked in Kalyani
Steels Ltd., Pune for 1 year. His area of interest
includes design of machine tools and turbo
machinery.
Mr. Sameer S. Khairnar completed his B.
Tech in Mechanical Engineering from College
of Engineering Pune. He is currently working
in Siemens Energy as a Mechanical Design
Engineer after having worked in Tata
Consulting Engineers Limited.
Mr. Samadhan K. Wagadkar completed his
B. Tech in Mechanical Engineering from
College of Engineering Pune. He has an
industrial experience of 1 year in the field of
CAD solid modeling.
.