Ecosystems:
Concept and components of an ecosystem -structural and functional features – Functional attributes (Food chain and Food web only).
Biodiversity:
Introduction – Classification – Bio-geographical classification of India- Value of biodiversity – Threats and Conservation of biodiversity - case studies.
This document provides an overview of ecology and ecosystems. It defines ecology as the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. The key components of ecosystems discussed include producers, consumers, decomposers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and biogeochemical cycles. Specific cycles explained in detail are the water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles which describe how these essential elements move between living and nonliving parts of the environment.
An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms (biotic) interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment. It includes producers, consumers, decomposers and their interactions within the physical environment. Producers like plants convert solar energy to food via photosynthesis while consumers feed on producers or other consumers. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients. Ecosystems function by transferring energy from producers to consumers and recycling matter through decomposition. Habitat destruction like deforestation can threaten organisms by reducing food, shelter and resources, potentially driving some to extinction.
1. The document discusses key concepts in ecology including ecosystems, ecosystem structure and function, and food webs.
2. An ecosystem is defined as a group of organisms interacting with each other and their environment. Ecosystems can be terrestrial, aquatic, or artificial/man-made.
3. Ecosystem structure includes biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic components like climate, soil and water. Energy flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis, food chains and food webs as organisms consume and are consumed.
An ecosystem consists of both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components that interact within a defined space. Autotrophs, such as plants, are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Heterotrophs, such as animals and fungi, obtain food by consuming other organisms. Energy and matter flow through ecosystems via food chains and webs as organisms consume each other across trophic levels. Decomposition returns nutrients to the abiotic environment, sustaining ecosystem function.
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and the areas where life exists. Ecology studies different levels of organization from populations and communities to ecosystems and biomes. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains from primary producers like plants through various consumer levels. Nutrients are recycled through decomposition and enter the ecosystem again.
ecosystem of environment.
An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems; pond, lake,
wetland, river and estuary are some examples of aquatic
ecosystems. Crop fields and an aquarium may also be
considered as man-made ecosystems.An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems; pond, lake,
wetland, river and estuary are some examples of aquatic
ecosystems. Crop fields and an aquarium may also be
considered as man-made ecosystems.An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems; pond, lake,
wetland, river and estuary are some examples of aquatic
ecosystems. Crop fields and an aquarium may also be
considered as man-made ecosystems.An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
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This document defines key concepts in ecology including ecology, ecosystem, and food chains/webs. It begins by explaining that ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. An ecosystem consists of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. Food chains represent the transfer of energy as organisms eat each other, while food webs illustrate the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. Together, food chains and webs allow energy to flow and matter to cycle through the ecosystem.
This document discusses ecology and ecosystems. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. An ecosystem is defined as a group of interacting organisms and their environment. Key components of an ecosystem include biotic factors like plants, animals and microbes, and abiotic factors like sunlight, water and nutrients. Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and webs with plants as producers, herbivores as primary consumers, and carnivores and decomposers at higher trophic levels. Ecosystems recycle nutrients and allow continual exchange of matter and energy flow.
This document provides an overview of ecology and ecosystems. It defines ecology as the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. The key components of ecosystems discussed include producers, consumers, decomposers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and biogeochemical cycles. Specific cycles explained in detail are the water, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles which describe how these essential elements move between living and nonliving parts of the environment.
An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms (biotic) interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment. It includes producers, consumers, decomposers and their interactions within the physical environment. Producers like plants convert solar energy to food via photosynthesis while consumers feed on producers or other consumers. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients. Ecosystems function by transferring energy from producers to consumers and recycling matter through decomposition. Habitat destruction like deforestation can threaten organisms by reducing food, shelter and resources, potentially driving some to extinction.
1. The document discusses key concepts in ecology including ecosystems, ecosystem structure and function, and food webs.
2. An ecosystem is defined as a group of organisms interacting with each other and their environment. Ecosystems can be terrestrial, aquatic, or artificial/man-made.
3. Ecosystem structure includes biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic components like climate, soil and water. Energy flows through ecosystems via photosynthesis, food chains and food webs as organisms consume and are consumed.
An ecosystem consists of both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components that interact within a defined space. Autotrophs, such as plants, are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Heterotrophs, such as animals and fungi, obtain food by consuming other organisms. Energy and matter flow through ecosystems via food chains and webs as organisms consume each other across trophic levels. Decomposition returns nutrients to the abiotic environment, sustaining ecosystem function.
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and the areas where life exists. Ecology studies different levels of organization from populations and communities to ecosystems and biomes. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains from primary producers like plants through various consumer levels. Nutrients are recycled through decomposition and enter the ecosystem again.
ecosystem of environment.
An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems; pond, lake,
wetland, river and estuary are some examples of aquatic
ecosystems. Crop fields and an aquarium may also be
considered as man-made ecosystems.An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems; pond, lake,
wetland, river and estuary are some examples of aquatic
ecosystems. Crop fields and an aquarium may also be
considered as man-made ecosystems.An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems; pond, lake,
wetland, river and estuary are some examples of aquatic
ecosystems. Crop fields and an aquarium may also be
considered as man-made ecosystems.An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of
nature, where living organisms interact among themselves
and also with the surrounding physical environment.
Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a
large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire
biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all
local ecosystems on Earth. Since this system is too much
big and complex to be studied at one time, it is convenient
to divide it into two basic categories, namely the
terrestrial and the aquatic. Forest, grassland and desert
arebcvbcvbcvbcvbhgfhygfhgfhgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
This document defines key concepts in ecology including ecology, ecosystem, and food chains/webs. It begins by explaining that ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. An ecosystem consists of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. Food chains represent the transfer of energy as organisms eat each other, while food webs illustrate the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. Together, food chains and webs allow energy to flow and matter to cycle through the ecosystem.
This document discusses ecology and ecosystems. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. An ecosystem is defined as a group of interacting organisms and their environment. Key components of an ecosystem include biotic factors like plants, animals and microbes, and abiotic factors like sunlight, water and nutrients. Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and webs with plants as producers, herbivores as primary consumers, and carnivores and decomposers at higher trophic levels. Ecosystems recycle nutrients and allow continual exchange of matter and energy flow.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living physical environment. The lecture defines ecosystems and describes their key components and functions. Ecosystems have biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic factors such as sunlight, water, temperature, oxygen, and soil. Producers convert solar energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis. Consumers feed on other organisms and each other, in a food chain. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and release nutrients. Key functions of ecosystems include energy flow, food chains, nutrient cycling, and the evolution of biodiversity. Students were assigned a group project to create an infographic poster explaining a specific
This document discusses ecosystems and food chains. It defines an ecosystem as a community of organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. The key components of an ecosystem are producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. Ecosystems can be terrestrial like forests or grasslands, or aquatic like freshwater or marine ecosystems. Food chains show the transfer of energy between trophic levels as organisms consume other organisms. There are three main types of food chains: grazing, detritivorous, and parasitic.
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. Key topics covered in the document include:
- Ecology examines how organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings.
- Energy from the sun is transferred through food chains and webs, decreasing at each trophic level. Nutrients also cycle through ecosystems via decomposition.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of numbers, biomass, and energy between trophic levels, with higher levels generally containing fewer and less biomass/energy.
This document summarizes key concepts about ecosystems, including:
1) Ecology studies interactions between living things and their environment at different levels of organization, from organisms to ecosystems. Biotic factors are living parts of the environment like plants and animals, while abiotic factors are non-living like sunlight, temperature, and wind.
2) Energy enters ecosystems through producers, mostly plants that use photosynthesis, and flows through food chains of consumers like herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Only about 10% of energy is transferred at each trophic level with 90% lost as heat.
3) Matter cycles through ecosystems in biogeochemical cycles like the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles which move
ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND STUDY OF BIODIVERSITYskb212733
The document defines key terms in ecology such as ecosystem, biome, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains that an ecosystem is a community of interacting organisms and their environment. Energy from the sun enters ecosystems during photosynthesis and is transferred between trophic levels as organisms consume each other. Nutrients cycle between biotic and abiotic components through decomposition. Producers, consumers, and decomposers all play important roles in the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients within ecosystems.
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. Key points from the document include:
- Ecology provides the scientific foundations for fields like agriculture and helps predict environmental impacts.
- Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. Energy from the sun flows through food chains/webs between organisms, while nutrients are recycled through biochemical cycles.
- Pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are used to quantify energy and nutrient transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem. The pyramids typically decrease at higher trophic levels due to inefficiencies in energy transfer between levels.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains biotic factors like other living things, and abiotic factors like climate and soil. Organisms have niches defined by how they interact with biotic and abiotic factors. Ecosystems involve complex food webs of producers, consumers, and decomposers that transfer energy and cycle nutrients. Species also engage in relationships like predation, competition, and mutualism.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches in ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers in food webs and energy pyramids. Species interact through relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis. Energy and matter cycle through ecosystems, getting lost at each trophic level according to the 10% law.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches within ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers. Energy and matter transfer between trophic levels according to food chains and webs, following the 10% law where only 10% of energy is transferred between levels. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence populations and communities within ecosystems.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. It describes abiotic factors as non-living elements like climate and biotic factors as living organisms. The document outlines different levels of ecological organization from organisms to populations, communities, and ecosystems. It also explains important ecological concepts like producers, consumers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Specific examples are given to illustrate biological magnification and coevolution.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms have niches defined by their habitats and roles in food webs. Food webs show how energy passes between trophic levels from producers to various consumer levels, and how pollutants can biomagnify up the food chain. Species also interact through predation, competition, symbiosis and coevolution.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. It describes abiotic factors as non-living elements like climate and biotic factors as living organisms. The document outlines different levels of ecological organization from organisms to populations, communities, and ecosystems. It also explains important ecological concepts like producers, consumers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Specific examples are given to illustrate biological magnification and coevolution.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms are organized into a hierarchy of levels including species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Producers, consumers, and decomposers have different roles in ecosystems. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to consumers to decomposers, with only about 10% transferring between levels. Food chains and webs show feeding relationships. Pollutants can biomagnify up food chains. Species interact through relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis.
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. An ecosystem is a basic functional unit in ecology, consisting of all the organisms in a given area along with their abiotic environment, interacting and exchanging materials between biotic and abiotic components. Energy enters ecosystems through photosynthesis and is transferred between trophic levels, with about 80-90% lost as heat at each transfer. Nutrients cycle between biotic and abiotic components through processes like decomposition and the food chain. Ecological succession over time leads to the progression of communities as environmental conditions change.
The biosphere consists of all life on Earth and the areas where life exists, including land, water, and air. Ecology studies the interactions between organisms and their environment. Organisms obtain energy primarily from sunlight through photosynthesis in plants or chemosynthesis in deep sea ecosystems. This energy is then transferred as organisms eat each other in a food chain or more complex food web. Ecological pyramids illustrate how energy and matter decrease at each trophic level.
This document discusses ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic factors, trophic levels, and examples of food chains. It defines biotic factors as living components like plants and animals, and abiotic as non-living factors such as temperature, water, and soil. There are typically 5 trophic levels: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and apex predators. Producers use photosynthesis, consumers eat other organisms to obtain energy and nutrients, and decomposers break down dead matter and waste. Food chains show the transfer of energy from trophic level to trophic level.
the purpose of this presentation was to know that the Ecosystem is a natural cycle, it makes the balance of nature. In which, Human being are integral part of ecological systems and depend on nature for survival and quality of life.
So we have the duty to save nature, to survive ecosystem, and to safe ourselves.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
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An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living physical environment. The lecture defines ecosystems and describes their key components and functions. Ecosystems have biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic factors such as sunlight, water, temperature, oxygen, and soil. Producers convert solar energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis. Consumers feed on other organisms and each other, in a food chain. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and release nutrients. Key functions of ecosystems include energy flow, food chains, nutrient cycling, and the evolution of biodiversity. Students were assigned a group project to create an infographic poster explaining a specific
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Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. Key topics covered in the document include:
- Ecology examines how organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings.
- Energy from the sun is transferred through food chains and webs, decreasing at each trophic level. Nutrients also cycle through ecosystems via decomposition.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of numbers, biomass, and energy between trophic levels, with higher levels generally containing fewer and less biomass/energy.
This document summarizes key concepts about ecosystems, including:
1) Ecology studies interactions between living things and their environment at different levels of organization, from organisms to ecosystems. Biotic factors are living parts of the environment like plants and animals, while abiotic factors are non-living like sunlight, temperature, and wind.
2) Energy enters ecosystems through producers, mostly plants that use photosynthesis, and flows through food chains of consumers like herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. Only about 10% of energy is transferred at each trophic level with 90% lost as heat.
3) Matter cycles through ecosystems in biogeochemical cycles like the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles which move
ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND STUDY OF BIODIVERSITYskb212733
The document defines key terms in ecology such as ecosystem, biome, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains that an ecosystem is a community of interacting organisms and their environment. Energy from the sun enters ecosystems during photosynthesis and is transferred between trophic levels as organisms consume each other. Nutrients cycle between biotic and abiotic components through decomposition. Producers, consumers, and decomposers all play important roles in the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients within ecosystems.
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. Key points from the document include:
- Ecology provides the scientific foundations for fields like agriculture and helps predict environmental impacts.
- Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact. Energy from the sun flows through food chains/webs between organisms, while nutrients are recycled through biochemical cycles.
- Pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are used to quantify energy and nutrient transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem. The pyramids typically decrease at higher trophic levels due to inefficiencies in energy transfer between levels.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains biotic factors like other living things, and abiotic factors like climate and soil. Organisms have niches defined by how they interact with biotic and abiotic factors. Ecosystems involve complex food webs of producers, consumers, and decomposers that transfer energy and cycle nutrients. Species also engage in relationships like predation, competition, and mutualism.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches in ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers in food webs and energy pyramids. Species interact through relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis. Energy and matter cycle through ecosystems, getting lost at each trophic level according to the 10% law.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. The environment contains abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) factors like other organisms. Organisms have niches within ecosystems based on their roles as producers, consumers, or decomposers. Energy and matter transfer between trophic levels according to food chains and webs, following the 10% law where only 10% of energy is transferred between levels. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence populations and communities within ecosystems.
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the purpose of this presentation was to know that the Ecosystem is a natural cycle, it makes the balance of nature. In which, Human being are integral part of ecological systems and depend on nature for survival and quality of life.
So we have the duty to save nature, to survive ecosystem, and to safe ourselves.
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
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Introduction – cells – types - representation of galvanic cell - electrode potential - Nernst equation (derivation of cell EMF) - calculation of cell EMF from single electrode potential - reference electrode: construction, working and applications of standard hydrogen electrode, standard calomel electrode - glass electrode – EMF series and its applications - potentiometric titrations (redox) - conductometric titrations - mixture of weak and strong acid vs strong base.
22CYT12-Unit_I_Electrochemistry - EMF Series & its Applications.pptKrishnaveniKrishnara1
Electrochemistry:Introduction – cells – types - representation of galvanic cell - electrode potential - Nernst equation (derivation of cell EMF) - calculation of cell EMF from single electrode potential - reference electrode: construction, working and applications (Determination of potential of the unknown electrode and pH of the unknown electrode) of standard hydrogen electrode, standard calomel electrode - glass electrode – EMF series and its applications - potentiometric titrations (redox) - conductometric titrations - mixture of weak and strong acid vs strong base.
The document discusses e-waste, its sources, composition and effects. It defines e-waste as electrical and electronic equipment that is discarded after use. Sources include large and small household appliances, IT equipment, medical devices, etc. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium and chemicals that can cause health issues if not properly disposed. The document outlines the need for e-waste management and discusses techniques like waste minimization, sustainable product design, and recycling to reduce environmental pollution from e-waste.
GFW Office Hours: How to Use Planet Imagery on Global Forest Watch_June 11, 2024Global Forest Watch
Earlier this year, we hosted a webinar on Deforestation Exposed: Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery to Investigate Forest Clearing.
If you missed this webinar or have any questions about Norway’s International Climate & Forests Initiative (NICFI) Satellite Data Program and Planet’s high-resolution mosaics, please join our expert-led office hours for an overview of how to use Planet’s satellite imagery on GFW, including how to access and analyze the data.
Morgan Freeman Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Legendary Actor’s W...greendigital
Morgan Freeman, One of Hollywood's most recognizable and revered actors. Has enjoyed a prolific career spanning several decades. Known for his distinctive voice, commanding presence, and versatile acting skills. Freeman has left an indelible mark on the entertainment industry. But, Freeman's financial success is a topic of great interest beyond his artistic achievements. This article delves into the intricacies of Morgan Freeman net worth. Exploring the various avenues through which he has amassed his fortune.
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Introduction to Morgan Freeman Net Worth
Morgan Freeman net worth is a testament to his enduring career and diverse portfolio of income streams. As of 2024, Freeman's estimated net worth is a staggering $250 million. This impressive figure reflects his earnings from acting and his ventures in directing, producing, and other business endeavors. Understanding the factors contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth provides a window into the financial success of one of Hollywood's most esteemed figures.
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Childhood and Early Influences
Morgan Freeman was born on June 1, 1937, in Memphis, Tennessee. Raised in a modest household, Freeman's early life marked by economic challenges. Despite these hardships, Freeman was passionate about acting from a young age. His early exposure to the arts and innate talent set the stage for his future career.
Initial Struggles and Breakthroughs
Freeman's path to stardom was with obstacles. He spent several years honing his craft in theater, television, and minor film roles. His big break came with the 1987 film Street Smart. where his performance earned him critical acclaim and an Academy Award nomination. This role marked a turning point. paving the way for future opportunities and contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth.
Rise to Stardom and Major Film Roles
Breakthrough Performances
Freeman's career trajectory took a decisive turn with standout performances in films such as Driving Miss Daisy (1989), Glory (1989), and The Shawshank Redemption (1994). These roles showcased his acting prowess and solidified his status as a leading man in Hollywood. Each film was a commercial success, contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth.
Consistent Box Office Hits
The 1990s and 2000s were particularly fruitful for Freeman. He appeared in a series of successful films, including Seven (1995), Deep Impact (1998), Bruce Almighty (2003). and The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005-2012). His delivering stellar performances in high-grossing films have influenced Morgan Freeman net worth accumulation.
Diversification of Income Sources
Voice Acting and Narration
Freeman's distinctive voice has become one of his most recognizable attributes. He has lent his voice to many documentaries, commercials, and animated films. His work as a narrator, in March of the Penguins (2005) and Through the Wormhole (2010-2017). has acclaimed and rewarding. These projects have boosted Morgan Freem
During this webinar, leading experts present the benefits of including setting sector-specific targets in countries’ next generation NDCs and layout specific examples for how to approach targets for key sectors like energy, transport, buildings, food, agriculture and land use. These sectors collectively emit about 90% of greenhouse gas emissions globally.
Travis Hills of MN Promotes Practices That Help Farms and Ecosystems Thrive, ...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of MN implements cutting-edge technology to enhance water efficiency by recycling clean water for irrigation. He advocates for responsible water management practices, reducing freshwater dependency in agricultural settings. Travis' initiatives support sustainable farming practices and ecosystem health, aligning with environmental sustainability goals.
Exploring low emissions development opportunities in food systemsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Christopher Martius (CIFOR-ICRAF) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
2. Ecosystems:
Concept and components of an ecosystem -structural and functional
features – Functional attributes (Food chain and Food web only).
Biodiversity:
Introduction – Classification – Bio-geographical classification of India-
Value of biodiversity – Threats and Conservation of biodiversity - case studies.
3. Ecosystems
A self-regulating group of biotic communities of species interacting with one
another and with their non-living environment exchanging energy and matter.
Study of the ecosystems is often known as - Ecology
Ecosystems consists of interacting plants, animals and microorganisms as well as
non-living components (soil, water, O2 etc,.)
Life on the earth is sustained by the flow of energy from the sun and cycling of
nutrients through the ecosystems
4. Structural and Functional Components of Ecosystems
Each ecosystem comprises of two basic components
1. Abiotic Components 2. Biotic components
5. Abiotic Components or Non-living components
These include the non-living, physico-chemical factors such as air, water, soil, elements
and compounds of the environment. It is broadly classified as
1. Climatic factors- which include the climatic regime and physical factors of the
environment like sunlight, humidity, temperature, wind, rainfall,
water, etc.,
2. Edapic factors - which are related to the structure and composition of soil such as
minerals, soil organisms, organic substances, etc.,
Biotic Components or Living components
It comprises the living part of the environment (like plants & animals) which is made
up of many different inter-dependent organisms. Biotic components are distinguished
into autotrophs, heterotrophs, saprotrophs.
6. I. Autotrophs or producers – which can synthesize their food
themselves from compounds that are obtained from their environment.
Photoautotrophs – mainly green plants uses light as energy
source and synthesize their food themselves through the process of
photosynthesis.
7. Chemo-autotrophs: chemo-autotrophs are microorganisms which can
produce food to some extent through oxidation of certain chemicals in
the absence of sunlight.
Ex. Chemoautotropic sulphur bacteria make use of the heat generated
by the decay of radioactive elements (present in the earth’s core and
released in ocean’s depths). They use this heat to convert dissolved H2S
and CO2 into organic food sources.
8. II. Heterotrophs or Consumers:
They mainly depend on the producers for their food.
They are further classified as
1.Herbivores or primary consumers
2.Carnivores or Meat eaters
3.Omnivores
1.Herbivores or primary consumers:
They directly feed on producers. Eg. insects, rabbit.
2.Carnivores or Meat eaters: They feed on other animals for their food
Primary carnivores or secondary consumers:
They take food from herbivorous animals. Eg. Fox
Secondary carnivores or tertiary consumers:
They take food from primary carnivores. Eg.Wolf
9. Tertiary carnivores or quaternary consumers:
They take food from other carnivores. Eg.lion.
3.Omnivores: They take food from both plants and animals.
Eg. Birds, humans, rat
4.Detritivores: They feed on dead organisms.
Eg. beetles, vultures, ants, termites
III. Saprotrophs or Decomposers
They derive their nutrition by breaking down the complex
organic molecules to simple organic compounds and ultimately
into inorganic nutrients. Eg. Bacteria, fungi
In few ecosystem, biotic structure prevails eg. Forest, while in others
decomposers predominates
Eg. Deep ocean
10. Functions of Ecosystems
Each ecosystem functions systematically under natural conditions.
It receives energy from sun and transfers it through various biotic and abiotic
components.
All life on earth depends upon this flow of energy. Besides energy, various nutrients
and water also exchanged within the biotic and abiotic community.
Tropic levels (or) Feeding levels
The various steps through which food energy passes in an ecosystem is
called as Tropic level.
1st Trophic Level: Producer, 2nd Trophic Level: Primary Consumer
3rd Trophic Level: Secondary Consumer 4th Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumer
The transfer of energy and nutrient occurs in the following ways
1.Food Chain
2.Food Web
11. 1. Food Chain : Sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem
All organisms, living or dead, are potential food for some other organisms.
Food chains in ecosystems are rarely found to function as isolated linear sequences.
They are found to be interconnected and usually form a complex network with several
linkages known as food web.
12. 2. Food Web : Interlocking pattern of various food chains of an ecosystem
Food web is a network of food chains where different organisms are connected at
different tropic levels, so that there are a number of options of eating and being
eaten at each tropic level.
13. Nature has evolved food webs in ecosystems instead of simple linear food chains
Because food webs give greater stability to the ecosystem.
In linear food chain, if one species becomes
extinct then the species in subsequent
tropic levels are also affected.
In food web there are a number of options
available at each tropic level. So if one species
Is affected, it does not affect other tropic levels.
14. Significance of food chains and food webs
1. Energy flow and nutrient recycling takes place through them
2. Regulates population size of organisms and maintain ecological balance
3. Food chains show a unique property of biological magnification of some
chemicals.
Non-biodegradable chemicals are not decomposed by microorganisms
and they keep on passing from one tropic level to another. At each successive
tropic level, concentration of chemical increasing. This phenomenon is known
as biological magnification
15. Case Study
Bio-magnification of DDT
Bio-magnification happens when toxic chemicals, like DDT, whose remains in
the environment are consumed indirectly by organisms through food. When an
organism in the higher food chain consumes the lower organism containing such
chemicals, the chemicals can get accumulated in the higher organism. In other words, it
travels through the food chain harming every single stratum. The concentration of these
toxins or chemicals increases through the trophic levels of the food chain.
Moreover, because of its non-biodegradable character, it can remain in soil or water for
many years leading to a very dangerous and concerning process – bio-magnification.
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