PSWC- Plain surface with wave-type configuration, a rebar for durable concrete construction at zero cost addition and much more. The yield strength & the bond strength of HYSD bars > plain round mild steel straight bars. The durability issues related to the use of HYSD bars in RCC & problems of early distress.
Early corrosion due to the provision of surface protrusions in HYSD bars for achieving the higher bond strength.
Alternative solution : A new type of reinforcing steel bar (named as PSWC-bar) with normal plain round surface and deformed axis is proposed.
Modeling and Analysis of Retrofitted Exterior RC Beam Column connectionmaged salama
The primary tasks of the current study are to:
1. Construct macro models using the pushover analysis procedure for a exterior beam-column joint able to predict the overall behavior, capacity and the modes of failure.
2. Studying the behavior of a CFRP retrofitted exterior beam-column joint constructing a macro model using the pushover analysis procedure in order to predict its overall behavior, capacity and the modes of failure.
3. construct a model of ten-multi-story structure using the pushover analysis procedure able predict its overall behavior. Safety of construction members against earthquake and its mode of failure
4. studying the need of using retrofitting withstand the equivalent static force calculated by response spectrum analysis for the building by retrofitting only the first story then, retrofitting two stories and so on, and predict the overall behavior for each case until the capacity of building reach the safe zone against the earthquake
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Modeling and Analysis of Retrofitted Exterior RC Beam Column Jointmaged salama
This document discusses a study on the behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints. It presents an abstract that outlines investigating the behavior of exterior joints using nonlinear pushover analysis in SAP2000. Models of a single exterior joint and a 10-story frame building are analyzed to predict their behavior and failure modes under seismic loads. The study also examines retrofitting exterior joints and portions of beams with carbon fiber reinforced polymer to improve seismic performance.
This presentation elucidates the seismic behaviour of beam-column joint and some methods to improve the resistance of beam-column joints to seismic loads to avoid disasters.
Experimental study on strength and flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Strength and flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams using deflected structural steel
reinforcement and the conventional steel reinforcement are conducted in this study. The reinforcement quantity
of both categories was approximately equalised. Mild steel flats with minimum thickness and corresponding
width are deflected to possible extent in a parabolic shape and semi-circular shape are fabricated and used as
deflected structural steel reinforcement in one part, whereas the fabrication of ribbed tar steel circular bars as
conventional reinforcement on the another part of the experiment for comparison in the concrete beams. All the
beams had same dimensions and same proportions of designed mix concrete, were tested under two point
loading system. As the result of experiments, it is found that the inverted catenary flats and their ties, transfers
the load through arch action of steel from loading points towards the supports before reaching the bottom
fibre at the centre of the beam as intended earlier. Thereby the load carrying capacity and the ductility ratio
has being increased in deflected structural steel reinforced beams when compared with ribbed tar steel
reinforced concrete beams, it is also observed that the failure mode (collapse pattern)is safer.
Keywords --Arch profile, Conventional steel reinforcement, Cracks, Collapse, Deflected structural steel,
Ductility ratio.
- Beam-column joints are the weakest points in reinforced concrete frames during earthquakes due to stresses that cause cracking and failure. There are two main types of failure: shear and anchorage.
- Proper design of beam-column joints including use of closed loop ties, intermediate bars, wider columns, and straight beam bars inserted into the column improves earthquake resistance by resisting distortion and improving concrete confinement.
- Innovative techniques for strengthening joints include fiber reinforced concrete and FRP wrapping to prevent cracking and increase strength. Well designed joints are crucial to avoiding damage during seismic activity.
This document provides information about the course "Design & Detailing of RC Structures 10CV321" taught by Dr. G.S. Suresh at NIE Mysore. It lists several reference books for the course and provides the evaluation pattern for both theory and drawing components. It also outlines the course content which includes limit state design method, stress-strain behavior of materials, assumptions in limit state design, behavior of reinforced concrete beams, stress block parameters, and calculation of ultimate flexural strength.
This document provides an overview of a student's research project on the seismic behavior of beam-column joints using high-strength materials. The project aims to study different methods and find the best approach. The student will calculate seismic forces, model joints in software, perform manual calculations, and compare results. A literature review covered previous research on reinforcing joints with steel plates or fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and the behavior of high-strength concrete joints under axial loads. The project schedule outlines tasks from literature collection to thesis writing to be completed between January 2016 to May 2016.
Modeling and Analysis of Retrofitted Exterior RC Beam Column connectionmaged salama
The primary tasks of the current study are to:
1. Construct macro models using the pushover analysis procedure for a exterior beam-column joint able to predict the overall behavior, capacity and the modes of failure.
2. Studying the behavior of a CFRP retrofitted exterior beam-column joint constructing a macro model using the pushover analysis procedure in order to predict its overall behavior, capacity and the modes of failure.
3. construct a model of ten-multi-story structure using the pushover analysis procedure able predict its overall behavior. Safety of construction members against earthquake and its mode of failure
4. studying the need of using retrofitting withstand the equivalent static force calculated by response spectrum analysis for the building by retrofitting only the first story then, retrofitting two stories and so on, and predict the overall behavior for each case until the capacity of building reach the safe zone against the earthquake
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Modeling and Analysis of Retrofitted Exterior RC Beam Column Jointmaged salama
This document discusses a study on the behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints. It presents an abstract that outlines investigating the behavior of exterior joints using nonlinear pushover analysis in SAP2000. Models of a single exterior joint and a 10-story frame building are analyzed to predict their behavior and failure modes under seismic loads. The study also examines retrofitting exterior joints and portions of beams with carbon fiber reinforced polymer to improve seismic performance.
This presentation elucidates the seismic behaviour of beam-column joint and some methods to improve the resistance of beam-column joints to seismic loads to avoid disasters.
Experimental study on strength and flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Strength and flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams using deflected structural steel
reinforcement and the conventional steel reinforcement are conducted in this study. The reinforcement quantity
of both categories was approximately equalised. Mild steel flats with minimum thickness and corresponding
width are deflected to possible extent in a parabolic shape and semi-circular shape are fabricated and used as
deflected structural steel reinforcement in one part, whereas the fabrication of ribbed tar steel circular bars as
conventional reinforcement on the another part of the experiment for comparison in the concrete beams. All the
beams had same dimensions and same proportions of designed mix concrete, were tested under two point
loading system. As the result of experiments, it is found that the inverted catenary flats and their ties, transfers
the load through arch action of steel from loading points towards the supports before reaching the bottom
fibre at the centre of the beam as intended earlier. Thereby the load carrying capacity and the ductility ratio
has being increased in deflected structural steel reinforced beams when compared with ribbed tar steel
reinforced concrete beams, it is also observed that the failure mode (collapse pattern)is safer.
Keywords --Arch profile, Conventional steel reinforcement, Cracks, Collapse, Deflected structural steel,
Ductility ratio.
- Beam-column joints are the weakest points in reinforced concrete frames during earthquakes due to stresses that cause cracking and failure. There are two main types of failure: shear and anchorage.
- Proper design of beam-column joints including use of closed loop ties, intermediate bars, wider columns, and straight beam bars inserted into the column improves earthquake resistance by resisting distortion and improving concrete confinement.
- Innovative techniques for strengthening joints include fiber reinforced concrete and FRP wrapping to prevent cracking and increase strength. Well designed joints are crucial to avoiding damage during seismic activity.
This document provides information about the course "Design & Detailing of RC Structures 10CV321" taught by Dr. G.S. Suresh at NIE Mysore. It lists several reference books for the course and provides the evaluation pattern for both theory and drawing components. It also outlines the course content which includes limit state design method, stress-strain behavior of materials, assumptions in limit state design, behavior of reinforced concrete beams, stress block parameters, and calculation of ultimate flexural strength.
This document provides an overview of a student's research project on the seismic behavior of beam-column joints using high-strength materials. The project aims to study different methods and find the best approach. The student will calculate seismic forces, model joints in software, perform manual calculations, and compare results. A literature review covered previous research on reinforcing joints with steel plates or fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and the behavior of high-strength concrete joints under axial loads. The project schedule outlines tasks from literature collection to thesis writing to be completed between January 2016 to May 2016.
Ch7 Box Girder Bridges (Steel Bridges تصميم الكباري المعدنية & Prof. Dr. Metw...Hossam Shafiq II
1. Box girder bridges have two key advantages over plate girder bridges: they possess torsional stiffness and can have much wider flanges.
2. For medium span bridges between 45-100 meters, box girder bridges offer an attractive form of construction as they maintain simplicity while allowing larger span-to-depth ratios compared to plate girders.
3. Advances in welding and cutting techniques have expanded the structural possibilities for box girders, allowing for more economical designs of large welded units.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is designed based on the column's expected loads and dimensions using methods specified in design codes like BS 8110.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
IRJET- Analysis and Design of Segmental Box Girder BridgeIRJET Journal
The document analyzes and compares the design of segmental box girder bridges using AASHTO and IRC standards. Two bridge designs are analyzed - a 4-cell and single-cell pre-stressed concrete box girder bridge. The bridges are 30m in length and designed for IRC Class AA loading. The analysis is performed using CSI Bridge software. Results for stresses, shear, moment, deflection, and frequency are compared between the two bridge designs and loading standards. The analysis found that shear, torsion, and moment due to IRC loading are higher than for AASHTO loading, indicating IRC considers a heavier vehicle load.
This document provides an overview of box girder bridges. It discusses the key features and advantages of box girder bridges, including their high torsional stiffness and structural efficiency. The document also examines the general behavior of curved box girder bridges, noting the effects of bending, torsion, and warping stresses. Finally, it reviews several past studies that have analyzed box girder bridges through experimental testing, finite element analysis, and varying parameters like curvature, span length, and cross-sectional depth.
Reinforced concrete columns and beams are important structural elements that carry compressive and bending loads respectively. Columns can be categorized as short or long based on their height-width ratio and as spiral or tied columns based on their shape. Beams are classified based on their supports as simply supported, fixed, continuous, or cantilever beams. The construction of RCC columns and beams involves laying reinforcement, forming the structure, and pouring concrete to create these load-bearing elements.
A Study of R. C. C. Beam Column Junction Subjected To QuasiStatic (Monotonic)...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on reinforced concrete beam-column junctions subjected to quasi-static (monotonic) loading. The study analyzes parameters like stress, displacement, and joint stiffness. Previous research on corner and exterior beam-column joints under cyclic loading is reviewed. The behavior of exterior joints differs from corner joints. Finite element analysis is used to model the joints, and results are compared to experimental data. Design and performance criteria for beam-column joints in seismic regions are discussed. Joint shear strength and bond strength are important factors addressed in the design process.
ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF EXTERIOR BEAM-CO...IAEME Publication
The present work aims to study analytically and experimentally on the seismic performance ofexterior beam column joint to improve the joint ductility with non-conventional reinforcement andby using steel fibres. Five joint sub assemblages were tested under reverse cyclic loading applied atthe beam end. Beam column joints are critical regions for frames designed for inelastic response tosevere seismic attack. The overall structural safety, especially for joints is due to lack of ductility.Different parameter of joint using ANSYS modelling was studied and experimentally verified theresults. All these details are presented.
Numerical modeling on behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam column j...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document discusses composite construction, where a prefabricated beam and cast-in-place concrete slab act together as a unit. It defines composite construction and describes its advantages over non-composite construction, including increased stiffness, strength, and span length. The document discusses how shear connectors interconnect the beam and slab to achieve composite action. It provides equations for calculating the effective slab width, section properties of the composite section, and required strength of shear connectors. An example is given for designing a composite slab on a precast reinforced concrete beam.
This document provides guidelines for detailing of reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures according to Indian codes IS456 and IS13920. Some key points discussed include:
- Minimum cover requirements and spacing of reinforcement bars
- Development lengths and lap splicing of bars
- Detailing requirements for beams, columns, and joints to provide ductility under seismic loads
- Use of confining reinforcement and closed stirrups in potential plastic hinge regions
This document discusses the working stress method for designing reinforced concrete structures. It defines key terms like neutral axis, lever arm, and moment of resistance. It describes the assumptions and steps of the working stress method, including designing for under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. The document also discusses limitations of the working stress method and introduces the limit state method as a more modern approach.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of built-up steel-concrete composite columns with angle sections under axial and eccentric loading. The study included testing composite columns with conventional concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and additional reinforcement. Load-deflection behavior, moment-curvature relationships, and load-moment interaction diagrams are presented and discussed. Key findings include the concrete carrying most of the load and failing in compression before steel yields, and fiber reinforced and reinforced specimens exhibiting higher load capacities than conventional concrete specimens.
320103 Basic Structural Steel Design And Drawingguestac67362
This document contains 7 questions related to the design and drawing of structural steel components. The questions cover topics like designing columns, beams, plate girders, truss joints, and sti eners. Students are instructed to answer 1 question from Part A (worth 32 marks) and 3 questions from Part B (worth 16 marks each, for a total of 48 marks). The document provides the necessary reference to IS codes and structural tables to solve the design problems.
How do Beam-Column Joints in RC Buildings Resist Earthquakes?Malay Patel
Beam-column joints are the intersections between beams and columns in reinforced concrete buildings. These joints must be designed carefully to resist seismic forces during earthquakes to avoid damage. Under earthquake shaking, the beams adjoining a joint experience moments in the same direction, pulling the top bars in one direction and bottom bars in the other. If the column is not wide enough or the concrete strength is low, the bars can slip inside the joint, weakening the structure. Providing closed loop transverse ties through the joint region helps prevent diagonal cracking and crushing of the concrete. The reinforcement cages for all beams at a floor level are ideally prepared together and lowered into place to ensure the ties surround the column bars through the joint region.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of spliced swimmer bars as shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams. Three beams were tested: a control beam with standard stirrups, a beam with welded swimmer bars, and a beam with spliced swimmer bars. The spliced swimmer bars were a new type of shear reinforcement consisting of small inclined bars spliced to the longitudinal flexural steel bars. Testing results found that the beam with spliced swimmer bars exhibited similar shear strength and failure mode to the beam with welded swimmer bars, both performing better than the control beam. Cracks were monitored as the load increased.
This document summarizes research on beam-column connections in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the design of new joints, failure of existing joints in earthquakes, and general response characteristics including stiffness, strength, and deformation capacity. It also examines interior and exterior joint details, the effect of axial loads, and plastic drift capacity. The document provides recommended envelope relations for joint strength and stiffness based on experimental data. It concludes with references to further research on modeling joint behavior and fragility.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
Ch5 Plate Girder Bridges (Steel Bridges تصميم الكباري المعدنية & Prof. Dr. Me...Hossam Shafiq II
Plate girders are commonly used as main girders for short and medium span bridges. They are fabricated by welding together steel plates to form an I-shape cross-section, unlike hot-rolled I-beams. Plate girders offer more design flexibility than rolled sections as the plates can be optimized for strength and economy. However, their thin plates are more susceptible to various buckling modes which control the design. Buckling considerations of the compression flange, web in shear and bending must be evaluated to determine the plate girder's load capacity.
STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF RIB CONFIGURATION ON BOND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN ...Shoaib Wani
To conduct pull out test as per IS 2770-1967 (Methods of testing bond in reinforced concrete –part 1 pull out test ) to assess the bond strength development between concrete and steel rebar.
Pull-out test was conducted on:
Mild steel bar
HYSD –parallel ribbed bar
HYSD – diamond ribbed bar
System shear connector jakarta digunakan sebagai aplikasi dalam konstruksi bangunan untuk menghasilkan kekuatan coran beton lebih kuat dan stabil sesuai dengan perhitungan engineering civil. Dalam hal ini ada 2 hal perhitungan kekuatan secara umum yaitu kekuatan kelengketan stud pada batang baja sesudah dilas. Dan yang kedua adalah kekuatan stud bolt yang digunakan.
Ch7 Box Girder Bridges (Steel Bridges تصميم الكباري المعدنية & Prof. Dr. Metw...Hossam Shafiq II
1. Box girder bridges have two key advantages over plate girder bridges: they possess torsional stiffness and can have much wider flanges.
2. For medium span bridges between 45-100 meters, box girder bridges offer an attractive form of construction as they maintain simplicity while allowing larger span-to-depth ratios compared to plate girders.
3. Advances in welding and cutting techniques have expanded the structural possibilities for box girders, allowing for more economical designs of large welded units.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is designed based on the column's expected loads and dimensions using methods specified in design codes like BS 8110.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
IRJET- Analysis and Design of Segmental Box Girder BridgeIRJET Journal
The document analyzes and compares the design of segmental box girder bridges using AASHTO and IRC standards. Two bridge designs are analyzed - a 4-cell and single-cell pre-stressed concrete box girder bridge. The bridges are 30m in length and designed for IRC Class AA loading. The analysis is performed using CSI Bridge software. Results for stresses, shear, moment, deflection, and frequency are compared between the two bridge designs and loading standards. The analysis found that shear, torsion, and moment due to IRC loading are higher than for AASHTO loading, indicating IRC considers a heavier vehicle load.
This document provides an overview of box girder bridges. It discusses the key features and advantages of box girder bridges, including their high torsional stiffness and structural efficiency. The document also examines the general behavior of curved box girder bridges, noting the effects of bending, torsion, and warping stresses. Finally, it reviews several past studies that have analyzed box girder bridges through experimental testing, finite element analysis, and varying parameters like curvature, span length, and cross-sectional depth.
Reinforced concrete columns and beams are important structural elements that carry compressive and bending loads respectively. Columns can be categorized as short or long based on their height-width ratio and as spiral or tied columns based on their shape. Beams are classified based on their supports as simply supported, fixed, continuous, or cantilever beams. The construction of RCC columns and beams involves laying reinforcement, forming the structure, and pouring concrete to create these load-bearing elements.
A Study of R. C. C. Beam Column Junction Subjected To QuasiStatic (Monotonic)...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study on reinforced concrete beam-column junctions subjected to quasi-static (monotonic) loading. The study analyzes parameters like stress, displacement, and joint stiffness. Previous research on corner and exterior beam-column joints under cyclic loading is reviewed. The behavior of exterior joints differs from corner joints. Finite element analysis is used to model the joints, and results are compared to experimental data. Design and performance criteria for beam-column joints in seismic regions are discussed. Joint shear strength and bond strength are important factors addressed in the design process.
ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH AND BEHAVIOUR OF EXTERIOR BEAM-CO...IAEME Publication
The present work aims to study analytically and experimentally on the seismic performance ofexterior beam column joint to improve the joint ductility with non-conventional reinforcement andby using steel fibres. Five joint sub assemblages were tested under reverse cyclic loading applied atthe beam end. Beam column joints are critical regions for frames designed for inelastic response tosevere seismic attack. The overall structural safety, especially for joints is due to lack of ductility.Different parameter of joint using ANSYS modelling was studied and experimentally verified theresults. All these details are presented.
Numerical modeling on behaviour of reinforced concrete exterior beam column j...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document discusses composite construction, where a prefabricated beam and cast-in-place concrete slab act together as a unit. It defines composite construction and describes its advantages over non-composite construction, including increased stiffness, strength, and span length. The document discusses how shear connectors interconnect the beam and slab to achieve composite action. It provides equations for calculating the effective slab width, section properties of the composite section, and required strength of shear connectors. An example is given for designing a composite slab on a precast reinforced concrete beam.
This document provides guidelines for detailing of reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures according to Indian codes IS456 and IS13920. Some key points discussed include:
- Minimum cover requirements and spacing of reinforcement bars
- Development lengths and lap splicing of bars
- Detailing requirements for beams, columns, and joints to provide ductility under seismic loads
- Use of confining reinforcement and closed stirrups in potential plastic hinge regions
This document discusses the working stress method for designing reinforced concrete structures. It defines key terms like neutral axis, lever arm, and moment of resistance. It describes the assumptions and steps of the working stress method, including designing for under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. The document also discusses limitations of the working stress method and introduces the limit state method as a more modern approach.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of built-up steel-concrete composite columns with angle sections under axial and eccentric loading. The study included testing composite columns with conventional concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and additional reinforcement. Load-deflection behavior, moment-curvature relationships, and load-moment interaction diagrams are presented and discussed. Key findings include the concrete carrying most of the load and failing in compression before steel yields, and fiber reinforced and reinforced specimens exhibiting higher load capacities than conventional concrete specimens.
320103 Basic Structural Steel Design And Drawingguestac67362
This document contains 7 questions related to the design and drawing of structural steel components. The questions cover topics like designing columns, beams, plate girders, truss joints, and sti eners. Students are instructed to answer 1 question from Part A (worth 32 marks) and 3 questions from Part B (worth 16 marks each, for a total of 48 marks). The document provides the necessary reference to IS codes and structural tables to solve the design problems.
How do Beam-Column Joints in RC Buildings Resist Earthquakes?Malay Patel
Beam-column joints are the intersections between beams and columns in reinforced concrete buildings. These joints must be designed carefully to resist seismic forces during earthquakes to avoid damage. Under earthquake shaking, the beams adjoining a joint experience moments in the same direction, pulling the top bars in one direction and bottom bars in the other. If the column is not wide enough or the concrete strength is low, the bars can slip inside the joint, weakening the structure. Providing closed loop transverse ties through the joint region helps prevent diagonal cracking and crushing of the concrete. The reinforcement cages for all beams at a floor level are ideally prepared together and lowered into place to ensure the ties surround the column bars through the joint region.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of spliced swimmer bars as shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams. Three beams were tested: a control beam with standard stirrups, a beam with welded swimmer bars, and a beam with spliced swimmer bars. The spliced swimmer bars were a new type of shear reinforcement consisting of small inclined bars spliced to the longitudinal flexural steel bars. Testing results found that the beam with spliced swimmer bars exhibited similar shear strength and failure mode to the beam with welded swimmer bars, both performing better than the control beam. Cracks were monitored as the load increased.
This document summarizes research on beam-column connections in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the design of new joints, failure of existing joints in earthquakes, and general response characteristics including stiffness, strength, and deformation capacity. It also examines interior and exterior joint details, the effect of axial loads, and plastic drift capacity. The document provides recommended envelope relations for joint strength and stiffness based on experimental data. It concludes with references to further research on modeling joint behavior and fragility.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a peer reviewed online journal for professionals and researchers in the field of computer science. The main aim is to resolve emerging and outstanding problems revealed by recent social and technological change. IJRES provides the platform for the researchers to present and evaluate their work from both theoretical and technical aspects and to share their views.
Ch5 Plate Girder Bridges (Steel Bridges تصميم الكباري المعدنية & Prof. Dr. Me...Hossam Shafiq II
Plate girders are commonly used as main girders for short and medium span bridges. They are fabricated by welding together steel plates to form an I-shape cross-section, unlike hot-rolled I-beams. Plate girders offer more design flexibility than rolled sections as the plates can be optimized for strength and economy. However, their thin plates are more susceptible to various buckling modes which control the design. Buckling considerations of the compression flange, web in shear and bending must be evaluated to determine the plate girder's load capacity.
STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF RIB CONFIGURATION ON BOND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN ...Shoaib Wani
To conduct pull out test as per IS 2770-1967 (Methods of testing bond in reinforced concrete –part 1 pull out test ) to assess the bond strength development between concrete and steel rebar.
Pull-out test was conducted on:
Mild steel bar
HYSD –parallel ribbed bar
HYSD – diamond ribbed bar
System shear connector jakarta digunakan sebagai aplikasi dalam konstruksi bangunan untuk menghasilkan kekuatan coran beton lebih kuat dan stabil sesuai dengan perhitungan engineering civil. Dalam hal ini ada 2 hal perhitungan kekuatan secara umum yaitu kekuatan kelengketan stud pada batang baja sesudah dilas. Dan yang kedua adalah kekuatan stud bolt yang digunakan.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF THE SHEAR CAPACITY OF RC ...Md. Shahadat Hossain
The document presents research on modeling and analyzing the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams made with steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Finite element models were created in ANSYS for plain reinforced concrete beams and SFRC beams. The models were validated against experimental test results. The following were found:
1) Experimental testing showed that the shear strength of beams increased by about 25%, 29%, and 18% for SFRC with steel fibers having aspect ratios of 40, 60, and 80, respectively, compared to plain reinforced concrete beams.
2) Finite element models created in ANSYS using solid elements for the concrete and link elements for reinforcement correlated well with experimental load-deflection curves and failure modes.
3) The
Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure using Near Surface Moun...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in flexure using near surface mounted steel reinforcement. Near surface mounted reinforcement involves cutting grooves in the concrete member and inserting steel bars or fiber reinforced polymer strips in the grooves, which are then filled with epoxy.
2. An experimental program investigated the flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with NSM steel reinforcement. Beams were strengthened with 10mm and 12mm diameter steel bars placed in grooves. The influence of bar diameter and use of CFRP U-wrapping was examined.
3. Test results showed that NSM strengthening increased the load capacity of beams. Larger diameter bars provided higher increases in load capacity but also increased the risk
The document discusses concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns under axial compressive loads. It summarizes that CFST columns have higher load capacity than hollow steel tubes due to the composite action between steel and concrete. Experimental tests were conducted on circular and square CFST columns with varying concrete grades and heights. The results showed that square CFST columns had higher load capacity than circular columns. Ultimate load also increased with higher concrete grade. Failure modes included local and overall buckling. CFST columns provide advantages like increased strength, reduced construction costs, and improved fire resistance compared to reinforced concrete columns.
The team designed and tested a prestressed concrete beam for the Big Beam competition. They designed the beam according to the competition requirements, using an inverted T-beam cross-section. They fabricated and tested the beam, finding that it cracked at 22 kips and reached its peak load of 36.1 kips before failing due to crushing of the concrete. The team learned about prestressed design, construction, and testing through their participation.
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to analyze the behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. A 3D model was created in ANSYS of simple concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars. The model was validated by comparing results to experimental data, showing good agreement. A parametric study was then performed using the validated model to analyze effects of BFRP reinforcement ratio on ultimate load capacity, deflection, concrete stresses, and bar forces. Results indicated strengthening with BFRP bars can increase ultimate load and ductility while decreasing deflection compared to steel reinforcement.
Steel codes used in steel structure 5th semester word documentpresentationsinfo
what are steel codes and their standard notions.uses of different hot rolled steels in steel structures.physical and chemical properties of different steels.
Flexural behaviour of fibre reinforced ferrocement concreteSanthosh Jayaraman
Ferro cement
The term Ferro cement is most commonly applied to a mixture of Portland cement and sand applied over layers of woven or expanded steel mesh and closely spaced small-diameter steel rods. It can be used to form relatively thin, compound curved sheets to make hulls for boats, shell roofs, water tanks, etc. It has been used in a wide range of other applications including sculpture and prefabricated building components. The term has been applied by extension to other composite materials including some containing no cement and no ferrous material. These are better referred to by terms describing their actual contents.
This document is the Indian Railway Standard Code of Practice for the Design of Steel or Wrought Iron Bridges Carrying Rail, Road or Pedestrian Traffic. It provides guidelines on loads, stresses, materials, design, construction, riveting, bolting and welding of steel bridges. The document covers topics such as allowable working stresses, effective lengths, minimum sections, bracing requirements, and specifications for various bridge components. It aims to ensure the safe and economical design of steel bridges up to 100 meters in span.
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STUDY ON BOND MECHANISM OF PSWC BARS WITH CONCRETE
1. STUDY ON BOND MECHANISM OF PSWC
BARS WITH CONCRETE
1
SHOIB BASHIR WANI
RRN 131202601029
PROJECT GUIDE
Dr. M.S. HAJI SHEIK MOHAMMED
PROFESSOR & HEAD
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B S ABDUR RAHMAN CRESCENT INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
2. INTRODUCTION
PSWC- Plain surface with wave-type configuration,a rebar for
durable concrete construction at zero cost addition and much
more
The yield strength & the bond strength of HYSD bars > plain round
mild steel straight bars
Durability issues related to the use of HYSD bars in RCC & problems
of early distress
Early corrosion due to the provision of surface protrusions in HYSD
bars for achieving the higher bond strength.
Alternative solution : A new type of reinforcing steel bar (named as
PSWC-bar) with normal plain round surface and deformed axis is
proposed.
2
4. BOND MECHANISM OF DEFORMED BARS &
PLAIN ROUD BARS
DEFORMED BARS PLAIN ROUND STRAIGHT BARS
1) Bond resistance due to chemical
adhesion between the bar and the
surrounding concrete;
1) Adhesive resistance: Adhesive resistance
is developed before the beginning of slip of
the bar relative to the adjacent surrounding
concrete;
2) Bond resistance due to friction between
the bar surface and surrounding concrete
surface;
2) Sliding resistance: Sliding resistance is
developed because of the movement of the
bar relative to the adjacent surrounding
concrete.
3) Bond resistance due to mechanical
interlock between the lugs of the bar and
the surrounding concrete.
4
5. NEED FOR PRESENT STUDY
Studies have shown that use of PSWC-bars increases the load
carrying capacities of concrete beams and columns.
PSWC bar reinforced RCC elements exhibits excellent flexural
and ductility behaviour as compared to mild steel rebars.
Excellent bond strength between steel – concrete is essential
for enhanced performance of RCC structures.
It is necessary to understand the bond mechanism between
PSWC bar and Concrete for effective optimization and
subsequent usage.
5
6. SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION
To study the Bond mechanism between PSWC bar and
Concrete.
To conduct experiments to ascertain Bond strength
between PSWC bar and Concrete as per Indian
Standards (Pull out Test as per IS 2770:1967) and
American Standards (Beam End Specimens as per
ASTM A944/A944-91)
To propose bond failure mechanism based on
analytical and experimental results.
6
7. MATERIAL STUDY
The materials used in experimental study
include:
i. 53 grade OPC
ii. 2.36mm downgraded river sand
iii. 20mm downgraded coarse aggregate
iv. MS rebar of fy= 250 MPa, HYSD parallel rib rebar,
HYSD diamond rib rebar of fy= 500 MPa of size 16
mmØ
7
8. CONSTITUENT PROPERTIES
Cement (53 grade OPC) Specific gravity – 3.12
Fine Aggregate (2.36 mm
downgraded)
Fineness modulus – 3.05
Specific gravity – 2.4
Water absorption – 5.75%
Confirming to zone - II
Grading conforming to IS 383-1970
Coarse Aggregate (20 mm
downgraded)
Specific gravity – 2.5
Water absorption – 0.25%
Grading conforming to IS 2386-1963
TABLE 1: MATERIAL PROPERTIES
8
12. DEVELOPMENT OF COATING SYSTEM
Site oriented cement polymer anticorrosive coating (passivating type)
system was proposed in recent times (M.S.Haji Sheik, 2008) and
accordingly cement polymer anticorrosive solution was developed.
It comprises of nitrite, styrene-butadiene polymer and other
additives.
The anticorrosive polymer solution is milky white in colour, pH
around 12.50 and density of 1.03 g/cc.
The solution is mixed with 90 micron sieved ordinary Portland
cement and applied over the rebars as coating by simple brushing
12
13. 13
Loose rust removal by steel wire brush cleaning
Application of Ist coat of CPAC
Air drying: 8-12 hours
Application of 2nd coat of CPAC
Air drying: 8-12 hours
Application of 2nd coat of CPAC
Air drying: 8-12 hours
Application of 2nd coat of CPAC
Air drying: 8-12 hours
Coating thickness: 150 + 50 μm for 1coated rebars
Coating Thickness: 200 + 50 μm for 2coated rebars
DEVELOPMENT OF CEMENT POLYMER ANTICORROSIVE COATING PROCESS
15. BIS PULL-OUT SPECIMENS
S.No. Type of bar Offset &
pitch
length
Nominal size
of bar
(mm)
Bonded length
(mm)
Number of
Specimens
1 HYSD Parallel Rib Bar -
16 80 9
HYSD Parallel Rib Bar with
CPAC-1 coat
-
HYSD Parallel Rib Bar with
CPAC-2 coat
-
2 HYSD Diamond Rib Bar -
16 80 9
HYSD Diamond Rib Bar with
CPAC-1 coat
-
HYSD Diamond Rib Bar with
CPAC-2 coat
-
3 MS Bar -
16 80 9
MS Bars with CPAC- 1 coat -
MS Bars with CPAC-2 coat -
4 PSWC bar 4mm &
80mm
16 80 3 15
16. 16
Bonded Length (= 5Ø) & Unbonded
Length
4-Legged Mild Steel Clamp Used To
Maintain Verticality of Rebar
Extended length from
bottom face = 20mm
17. REBARS USED IN PULLOUT TESTING AS PER
BIS INDICATING BONDING & UNBONDED REGION
17
Uncoated MS rebar & HYSD rebar with
different rib configuration
Coated MS rebar & HYSD rebar with different rib
configuration
18. 18
PSWC rebar with 4 mm offset & 80
mm pitch
Arrangement of Mould for Casting
Pullout Specimen
19. Arrangement of Mould for Casting
Pull-out Specimen
Casted BIS Pullout Specimens
19
20. TESTING OF BIS PULLOUT SPECIMENS
A special fixture to hold the specimen during the testing was fabricated as per IS
2770-1967(Part I) – 1967 (Reaffirmed 2007) (Indian Standard Methods of Testing
Bond in Reinforced Concrete).
Dial gauge with a least count of 0.001 mm was used to measure free end (FE) slip
and a dial gauge with 0.01 mm least count was used to measure loaded end (LE)
slip.
The usable bond strength values were calculated from load at 0.025 mm free end
slip and 0.25 mm loaded end slip.
The load slip behaviour at free end and loaded end are also drawn to analyse the
behaviour of rebar configuration and protective coating on bond strength
development.
Load cell of range 500 kN (Model: ELC-30S) was used as shown in the setup to
compare the load shown by UTM and the data logger setup for accurate results
20
21. 21
View of Pull-Out Test in Progress
FE Dial gauge
FE Dial gauge Load cell placed
in the
arrangement
22. S.No Description Original Dimensions Scaled Down Dimensions
1 Length 600 mm 450 mm
2 Breadth 230 mm 230 mm
3 Height 300 mm 300 mm
22
Concrete beam – end test specimen of size (450 X 230 X 300 mm) were cast with eccentrically
embedded rebar (test rod) of 16mm diameter and its bonded length was given as 200mm as per ASTM
test procedure.
The rebar is provided an extension up to 20 mm to the rear face of the beam to measure the slip value
of the free end and also the rebar is extended over the front face for a length to facilitate gripping of
rebar on the testing machine
TABLE 5: COMPARISON OF ORIGINAL AND SCALED DOWN TEST SPECIMEN
23. REBARS USED IN CASTING ASTM BEAM
END SPECIMENS
1) 16 mm Ø Mild steel rebar.
2) 16 mm Ø HYSD rebar with parallel ribs.
3) 16 mm Ø PSWC rebar with 4 mm offset and 200 mm pitch.
23
PSWC Bar of 4mm Offset & 200mm Pitch Length Showing
Un-Bonded Regions Covered with Plastic Sleeves.
24. 24
Detailing Reinforcement of Beam – End
Test Specimen
Flexural Reinforcement
Test Rod
Casted ASTM Pullout Specimens
25. Testing of ASTM Beam End Specimens
25
Schematic of ASTM
Pullout Test Setup
26. BOND STRENGTH TEST USING BIS PULLOUT SPECIMENS
30 BIS pull-out specimens were tested
The test results were analysed as per procedure outlined in IS 2770-1967 by observing the load at
0.25mm loaded end (LE) slip, 0.025mm free end (FE) slip and ultimate failure load
Types of specimen
Load (kN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Variation
(%)
0.025mm
FE slip
0.25 mm LE
slip
Ultimate
load (kN)
Mild steel 17.91 16.89 32 4.20 -
HYSD
parallel ribs
37.80 32.60 102 8.10 +92.85
HYSD
diamond ribs
39.00 35.37 112.61 8.79 +93.33
Table 5: Observations on Pullout Test for 16mm Diameter Control
Mild Steel, HYSD rebar with Parallel Ribs and HYSD rebar
with Diamond Ribs
26
27. Figure 1. Load vs Slip Behaviour of Control MS bar, HYSD Rebar with Parallel Ribs and
HYSD bar with Diamond Ribs
27
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Load
(kN)
Slip (mm)
HYSD Parallel Rib
Control
MS Control
HYSD Diamond Rib
Control
a. Free End Slip Behaviour a. Loaded End Slip Behaviour
28. Table 6: Observation on Bond Strength Test for 16mm Diameter uncoated, single
and double coated nano modified CPAC HYSD rebar with Parallel Ribs
28
Types of Rebar
Load (kN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Variation
(%)
0.025m
m FE
slip
0.25 mm
LE slip
Ultimate
load
(kN)
Uncoated rebar
37.8 32.6 102 8.10 -
Single Coated CPAC rebar – CC
49.6 25 97.6 6.21 - 23.33
Double Coated CPAC rebar –
CC
24.2 25 105.2 6.01 - 25.80
29. Figure (2) Load-Slip Behaviour of 16 mm diameter uncoated HYSD Rebar with Parallel Ribs
and Nano modified Cement Polymer Anticorrosive Coated Rebars 29
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Load
in
kN
Slip ( mm)
HYSD Control
HYSD 1 coat
HYSD 2 coat
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Load
in
kN
Slip ( mm)
HYSD
Control
HYSD 1
coat
HYSD 2
coat
b. Loaded End Behaviour
a. Free End Behaviour
30. 30
Types of Rebar
Load (kN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Variation
(%)
0.025m
m FE
slip
0.25 mm
LE slip
Ultimate
load
(kN)
Uncoated rebar – CC 39 32.6 112.61 8.10 -
Single Coated CPAC rebar – CC 37.22 25 105.32 6.21 - 23.33
Double Coated CPAC rebar – CC 34 25.70 129.00 6.39 - 21.11
Table 7 Observation on Bond Strength Test for 16mm Diameter uncoated, single
and double coated nano modified CPAC HYSD rebar with Diamond Ribs
31. a) Free End Slip Behaviour
31
b) Loaded End Slip Behaviour
Figure (3) Load-Slip Behaviour of 16 mm diameter uncoated HYSD Rebar with Diamond Ribs and
Nano modified Cement Polymer Anticorrosive Coated Rebars
32. 32
Types of Rebar
Load (kN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Variation
(%)
0.025m
m FE
slip
0.25 mm
LE slip
Ultimate
load
(kN)
Uncoated rebar – CC 17.91 16.89 32 4.20 -
Single Coated CPAC rebar – CC 23.5 21.5 26 5.34 + 27.14
Double Coated CPAC rebar – CC 19 18.23 25 4.53 + 7.85
Table 8 Observation on Bond Strength Test for 16mm Diameter uncoated, Single
and Double coated nano modified CPAC Mild Steel Rebars
33. Figure (4) Load-Slip Behaviour of 16 mm diameter uncoated Mild Steel Rebar with Diamond
Ribs and Nano modified Cement Polymer Anticorrosive Coated Rebars
33
a) Free End Slip Behaviour b) Loaded End Slip Behaviour
34. 34
Types of Rebar
Load (kN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Variation
(%)
0.025m
m FE
slip
0.25 mm
LE slip
Ultimate
load
(kN)
Mild Steel Bar 17.91 16.89 32 4.2 -
PSWC Bar 33.5 29.75 76.40 7.3 + 73.80
HYSD Bar with Parallel Ribs 37.8 32.6 102 8.10 + 92.85
Table (9) COMPARISON OF PSWC BAR WITH MS REBAR & HYSD REBAR WITH
PARALLEL RIBS AS PER BIS STANDRADS
35. Figure (5) Load-Slip Behaviour of 16 mm diameter Mild Steel Bar, PSWC Bar with 4 mm
Deformation and 80 mm Pitch Length and HYSD Bar with Parallel Rib Configuration
35
a) Free End Slip Behaviour b) Loaded End Slip Behaviour
36. BOND STRENGTH TEST USING BEAM END SPECIMENS
For the study of bond behaviour of 16 mm Mild steel rebar, PSWC rebar
with 4 mm deformation and 200 mm pitch length and HYSD rebar with
parallel rib configuration.
Totally 9 beam end specimens were casted three for each category of
rebars.
The load-slip behaviour was compared with the previously done
researches and analytical comparison was done to access the load-slip
behaviour.
36
37. Figure (6) Load-Slip Behaviour of 16 mm diameter Mild Steel Bar and HYSD Bar with Parallel
Rib Configuration
37
a) Free End Slip Behaviour b) Loaded End Slip Behaviour
38. Figure 6) Load-Slip Behaviour of 16 mm diameter Mild Steel Bar and PSWC Bar with 4 mm
offset and 200 mm Pitch Length
38
a) Free End Slip Behaviour b) Loaded End Slip Behaviour
PSWC Bar – 4mm
MS Rebar
39. 39
Type of Rebar
Load (KN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Variation
(%)
0.025mm FE
slip
0.25mm LE
slip
Ultimate Load
(kN)
MS
Rebar
HYSD
Rebar
Mild Steel Bar 25.19 24.89 32.7 6.18 - - 35.62
PSWC Bar 37.52 36.75 78.40 9.18 +48.54 - 4.37
HYSD Bar with
Parallel Ribs
39.81 38.61 114 9.60 +55.33 -
Table (10) Observation on Bond Strength Test for 16mm Diameter Mild Steel Rebar,
PSWC Rebar and HYSD Rebar with Parallel Ribs
44. Table (11) Comparison of Analytical and Experimental Results for BIS
Pullout Specimens
Type of Rebar
Offset and Pitch
Experimental Results Analytical Results
Ultimate
Load (kN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Ultimate Load
(kN)
Usable Bond
Strength
(N/mm2)
Mild Steel Bar - 32.7 6.18 33 6.91
PSWC Bar 4 mm and 80 mm 78.40 9.18 79 9.37
HYSD Bar with
Parallel Ribs
112 8.10 121 9.71
44
45. 1) There is a marginal increase in usable bond strength and ultimate bond
strength for HYSD diamond rib rebars as compared to HYSD parallel rib
rebars of the order of 6-10%.
2) PSWC bars with 4mm offset, 80mm pitch offered ultimate strength of 76.40 kN
which is 1.4 times more than for mild steel rebars. Also there is a significant
increase in usable bond strength of the order of 70% as compared to mild steel
rebars.
3) Ultimate bond strength of PSWC bars is around 75% greater as compared
to HYSD rebar and the usable bond strength is only 10% less than for
HYSD rebar with parallel ribs.
4) According to BIS 13620:1993, the measured free end slip of coated rebars
shall not be less than 80% of the corresponding bond strength of
uncoated rebars. Both single and double cement polymer anticorrosive
coated rebars satisfy the codal provisions of Indian Standards.
45
CONCLUSIONS
46. REFRENCES
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