What is professional software development and definition of software engineering. Who is a software engineer. Difference between Computer Science and Systems Engineering
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
The document provides an introduction to software engineering and discusses key concepts such as:
1) Software is defined as a set of instructions that provide desired features, functions, and performance when executed and includes programs, data, and documentation.
2) Software engineering applies scientific knowledge and engineering principles to the development of reliable and efficient software within time and budget constraints.
3) The software development life cycle (SDLC) involves analysis, design, implementation, and documentation phases to systematically develop high quality software that meets requirements.
This document discusses common myths held by software managers, developers, and customers. It describes myths such as believing formal standards and procedures are sufficient, thinking new hardware means high quality development, adding people to late projects will help catch up, and outsourcing means relaxing oversight. Realities discussed include standards not being used effectively, tools being more important than hardware, adding people making projects later, and needing management and control of outsourced projects. Developer myths like thinking the job is done once code runs and quality can't be assessed until code runs are addressed. The document emphasizes the importance of requirements, documentation, quality processes, and addressing change impacts.
The document discusses staffing level estimation over the course of a software development project. It describes how the number of personnel needed varies at different stages: a small group is needed for planning and analysis, a larger group for architectural design, and the largest number for implementation and system testing. It also references models like the Rayleigh curve and Putnam's interpretation that estimate personnel levels over time. Tables show estimates for the distribution of effort, schedule, and personnel across activities for different project sizes. The key idea is that staffing requirements fluctuate throughout the software life cycle, with peaks during implementation and testing phases.
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) process. It includes 6 main steps: 1) requirement gathering, 2) software analysis, 3) software design, 4) coding, 5) testing, and 6) implementation. For each step, the document provides details on the objectives and activities involved. It also lists advantages of following the SDLC process such as increased quality, improved tracking, and decreased risks. Finally, it provides a coding example for a basic calculator application to illustrate one step of the process.
Testing is the process of identifying bugs and ensuring software meets requirements. It involves executing programs under different conditions to check specification, functionality, and performance. The objectives of testing are to uncover errors, demonstrate requirements are met, and validate quality with minimal cost. Testing follows a life cycle including planning, design, execution, and reporting. Different methodologies like black box and white box testing are used at various levels from unit to system. The overall goal is to perform effective testing to deliver high quality software.
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
The document provides an introduction to software engineering and discusses key concepts such as:
1) Software is defined as a set of instructions that provide desired features, functions, and performance when executed and includes programs, data, and documentation.
2) Software engineering applies scientific knowledge and engineering principles to the development of reliable and efficient software within time and budget constraints.
3) The software development life cycle (SDLC) involves analysis, design, implementation, and documentation phases to systematically develop high quality software that meets requirements.
This document discusses common myths held by software managers, developers, and customers. It describes myths such as believing formal standards and procedures are sufficient, thinking new hardware means high quality development, adding people to late projects will help catch up, and outsourcing means relaxing oversight. Realities discussed include standards not being used effectively, tools being more important than hardware, adding people making projects later, and needing management and control of outsourced projects. Developer myths like thinking the job is done once code runs and quality can't be assessed until code runs are addressed. The document emphasizes the importance of requirements, documentation, quality processes, and addressing change impacts.
The document discusses staffing level estimation over the course of a software development project. It describes how the number of personnel needed varies at different stages: a small group is needed for planning and analysis, a larger group for architectural design, and the largest number for implementation and system testing. It also references models like the Rayleigh curve and Putnam's interpretation that estimate personnel levels over time. Tables show estimates for the distribution of effort, schedule, and personnel across activities for different project sizes. The key idea is that staffing requirements fluctuate throughout the software life cycle, with peaks during implementation and testing phases.
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) process. It includes 6 main steps: 1) requirement gathering, 2) software analysis, 3) software design, 4) coding, 5) testing, and 6) implementation. For each step, the document provides details on the objectives and activities involved. It also lists advantages of following the SDLC process such as increased quality, improved tracking, and decreased risks. Finally, it provides a coding example for a basic calculator application to illustrate one step of the process.
Testing is the process of identifying bugs and ensuring software meets requirements. It involves executing programs under different conditions to check specification, functionality, and performance. The objectives of testing are to uncover errors, demonstrate requirements are met, and validate quality with minimal cost. Testing follows a life cycle including planning, design, execution, and reporting. Different methodologies like black box and white box testing are used at various levels from unit to system. The overall goal is to perform effective testing to deliver high quality software.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses that software has a dual role as both a product and vehicle to deliver functionality. It defines software as a set of programs, documents, and data that form a configuration. The document outlines different types of software applications and categories. It also discusses software engineering practices such as communication, planning, modeling, construction, and coding principles.
The COCOMO model is a widely used software cost estimation model that predicts development effort and schedule based on project attributes. It includes basic, intermediate, and detailed models of increasing complexity. The intermediate model estimates effort as a function of source lines of code and cost drivers. The detailed model further incorporates the impact of cost drivers on development phases. COCOMO 2 expands on this with application composition, early design, reuse, and post-architecture models for different project stages.
The document discusses the waterfall model of software development. It describes the five phases of the waterfall model as requirements gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It provides details on the activities in each phase, including documenting requirements, designing logical modules, writing code, testing software, and maintaining the system. The waterfall model is advantageous for small projects but inflexible if requirements change, as it is a sequential process where each phase must be completed before the next.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It defines software and describes its key attributes and classifications. It discusses what constitutes good software in terms of maintainability, dependability, efficiency and usability. The document also outlines different types of software and defines software engineering as a systematic approach to software analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. It compares software engineering to computer science and system engineering. Finally, it discusses the two main components of software engineering as the systems engineering approach and development engineering approach.
Software Engineering is the set of processes and tools to develop software. Software Engineering is the combination of all the tools, techniques, and processes that used in software production. Therefore Software Engineering encompasses all those things that are used in software production like :
Programming Language
Programming Language Design
Software Design Techniques
Tools
Testing
Maintenance
Development etc.
These days object-oriented programming is widely being used. If programming languages will not support object-orientation then it will be very difficult to implement object-oriented design using object-oriented principles. All these efforts made the basis of software engineering.
1. Software development life cycle models break down the development process into distinct phases to manage complexity. Common models include waterfall, incremental, evolutionary (like prototyping and spiral), and component-based.
2. The waterfall model follows linear sequential phases from requirements to maintenance. Incremental models iterate through phases. Evolutionary models use prototypes to evolve requirements through customer feedback.
3. The spiral model is an evolutionary model representing phases as loops in a spiral, with risk assessment and reduction at each phase. It aims to minimize risk through iterative development and prototyping.
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a process used for software projects within organizations. It describes the typical 7 phases of the SDLC: requirements collection and analysis, feasibility study, design, coding, testing, installation/deployment, and maintenance. Each phase is explained in 1-2 sentences. The document also briefly discusses the waterfall model design process and common problems in software development projects before introducing agile methodologies like SCRUM.
This document discusses computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools. It defines CASE tools as software tools that help with the development and maintenance of other software. The document then describes the need for CASE tools to speed up development, lists categories of tools including diagram, project management, documentation and quality assurance tools, and discusses how organizations use CASE tools and the advantages they provide like improved quality, productivity and documentation.
This presentation discusses software reuse, which is the process of implementing or updating software systems using existing software components. It provides an overview of software reuse, including its benefits of increasing productivity and quality while decreasing costs and time. The presentation covers types of reuse like opportunistic and planned reuse. It also discusses layers of reuse, types of software reuse like application and component reuse, advantages like increased reliability, and barriers to software reuse like maintenance costs. The conclusion is that systematic software reuse through good design can achieve better software more quickly and at lower cost.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including its objectives, common phases and models. The key models described are waterfall, prototyping, spiral, RAD and agile. Waterfall is the classical sequential model but is inflexible. Prototyping and spiral address changing requirements through iterative cycles. RAD focuses on rapid development through reuse, workshops and early user testing. Agile methods emphasize speed, reduced formal processes and adaptability. The conclusion recommends RAD for mashup projects due to its support for iterative requirements changes and modular development.
The Unified Process (UP) is a software development process that provides guidance on team activities and work integration. It originated from issues with traditional processes being too diverse and outdated. Key aspects of UP include being use-case driven, architecture-centric, and iterative/incremental. UP follows a lifecycle of inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases within iterative development cycles. While UP addressed issues with prior methods, its weaknesses include not covering the full software process and tools-focus not suiting complex systems.
Case tools(computer Aided software Engineering)Self-employed
CASE stands for Computer Aided Software Engineering and refers to the development and maintenance of software projects using various software tools to increase speed and handle changing market demands. There are classic CASE tools like debuggers and compilers as well as real CASE tools that support multiple phases of development from analysis and design to coding. Real CASE tools include diagramming, process modeling, project management, documentation, analysis, design, configuration management, change control, programming, prototyping, web development, quality assurance, and maintenance tools.
The document discusses various aspects of software project management including project planning activities like estimation, scheduling, staffing, and risk handling. It describes different project organization structures like functional organization and project organization. It also discusses different team structures like chief programmer teams, democratic teams, and mixed teams. The document emphasizes the importance of careful project planning and producing a software project management plan document. It also discusses considerations for staffing a project team and attributes of a good software engineer.
Software Engineering (Introduction to Software Engineering)ShudipPal
Software engineering is concerned with all aspects of software production. It aims to develop software using systematic and disciplined approaches to reduce errors and costs. Some key challenges in software development are its high cost, difficulty delivering on time, and producing low quality software. Software engineering methods strive to address these challenges and produce software with attributes like maintainability, dependability, efficiency, usability and acceptability.
The document contains slides from a lecture on software engineering. It discusses definitions of software and software engineering, different types of software applications, characteristics of web applications, and general principles of software engineering practice. The slides are copyrighted and intended for educational use as supplementary material for a textbook on software engineering.
Content Based Image and Video Retrieval AlgorithmAkshit Bum
The document describes content-based image and video retrieval (CBIR) algorithms. It discusses how CBIR works by extracting features from query images, indexing images, and retrieving similar images based on color, shape, and texture features. CBIR techniques include reverse image search, semantic retrieval using queries, and relevance feedback to refine searches based on user input about retrieved images. The document provides examples of CBIR applications in areas like crime prevention, military, web searching, and medical diagnosis.
This dissertation discusses content-based image retrieval for medical imaging using texture features. The document outlines the background of CBIR and its applications in medical areas. It discusses using Gabor wavelet and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features to extract features from medical images for retrieval. The methodology section describes extracting contrast, mean, standard deviation, entropy and energy features. Results show precision and recall rates for sample queries of knee, brain and chest images ranging from 79-88%. The conclusion discusses the proposed method's simplicity and speed while achieving average precision of 87.3%. The future scope discusses improving query time and updating the fuzzy rule base.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses that software has a dual role as both a product and vehicle to deliver functionality. It defines software as a set of programs, documents, and data that form a configuration. The document outlines different types of software applications and categories. It also discusses software engineering practices such as communication, planning, modeling, construction, and coding principles.
The COCOMO model is a widely used software cost estimation model that predicts development effort and schedule based on project attributes. It includes basic, intermediate, and detailed models of increasing complexity. The intermediate model estimates effort as a function of source lines of code and cost drivers. The detailed model further incorporates the impact of cost drivers on development phases. COCOMO 2 expands on this with application composition, early design, reuse, and post-architecture models for different project stages.
The document discusses the waterfall model of software development. It describes the five phases of the waterfall model as requirements gathering and analysis, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. It provides details on the activities in each phase, including documenting requirements, designing logical modules, writing code, testing software, and maintaining the system. The waterfall model is advantageous for small projects but inflexible if requirements change, as it is a sequential process where each phase must be completed before the next.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It defines software and describes its key attributes and classifications. It discusses what constitutes good software in terms of maintainability, dependability, efficiency and usability. The document also outlines different types of software and defines software engineering as a systematic approach to software analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. It compares software engineering to computer science and system engineering. Finally, it discusses the two main components of software engineering as the systems engineering approach and development engineering approach.
Software Engineering is the set of processes and tools to develop software. Software Engineering is the combination of all the tools, techniques, and processes that used in software production. Therefore Software Engineering encompasses all those things that are used in software production like :
Programming Language
Programming Language Design
Software Design Techniques
Tools
Testing
Maintenance
Development etc.
These days object-oriented programming is widely being used. If programming languages will not support object-orientation then it will be very difficult to implement object-oriented design using object-oriented principles. All these efforts made the basis of software engineering.
1. Software development life cycle models break down the development process into distinct phases to manage complexity. Common models include waterfall, incremental, evolutionary (like prototyping and spiral), and component-based.
2. The waterfall model follows linear sequential phases from requirements to maintenance. Incremental models iterate through phases. Evolutionary models use prototypes to evolve requirements through customer feedback.
3. The spiral model is an evolutionary model representing phases as loops in a spiral, with risk assessment and reduction at each phase. It aims to minimize risk through iterative development and prototyping.
Software development process models
Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
Evolutionary Process Models
Spiral Model
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
Specialized Process Models
The Concurrent Development Model
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a process used for software projects within organizations. It describes the typical 7 phases of the SDLC: requirements collection and analysis, feasibility study, design, coding, testing, installation/deployment, and maintenance. Each phase is explained in 1-2 sentences. The document also briefly discusses the waterfall model design process and common problems in software development projects before introducing agile methodologies like SCRUM.
This document discusses computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools. It defines CASE tools as software tools that help with the development and maintenance of other software. The document then describes the need for CASE tools to speed up development, lists categories of tools including diagram, project management, documentation and quality assurance tools, and discusses how organizations use CASE tools and the advantages they provide like improved quality, productivity and documentation.
This presentation discusses software reuse, which is the process of implementing or updating software systems using existing software components. It provides an overview of software reuse, including its benefits of increasing productivity and quality while decreasing costs and time. The presentation covers types of reuse like opportunistic and planned reuse. It also discusses layers of reuse, types of software reuse like application and component reuse, advantages like increased reliability, and barriers to software reuse like maintenance costs. The conclusion is that systematic software reuse through good design can achieve better software more quickly and at lower cost.
The document discusses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including its objectives, common phases and models. The key models described are waterfall, prototyping, spiral, RAD and agile. Waterfall is the classical sequential model but is inflexible. Prototyping and spiral address changing requirements through iterative cycles. RAD focuses on rapid development through reuse, workshops and early user testing. Agile methods emphasize speed, reduced formal processes and adaptability. The conclusion recommends RAD for mashup projects due to its support for iterative requirements changes and modular development.
The Unified Process (UP) is a software development process that provides guidance on team activities and work integration. It originated from issues with traditional processes being too diverse and outdated. Key aspects of UP include being use-case driven, architecture-centric, and iterative/incremental. UP follows a lifecycle of inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases within iterative development cycles. While UP addressed issues with prior methods, its weaknesses include not covering the full software process and tools-focus not suiting complex systems.
Case tools(computer Aided software Engineering)Self-employed
CASE stands for Computer Aided Software Engineering and refers to the development and maintenance of software projects using various software tools to increase speed and handle changing market demands. There are classic CASE tools like debuggers and compilers as well as real CASE tools that support multiple phases of development from analysis and design to coding. Real CASE tools include diagramming, process modeling, project management, documentation, analysis, design, configuration management, change control, programming, prototyping, web development, quality assurance, and maintenance tools.
The document discusses various aspects of software project management including project planning activities like estimation, scheduling, staffing, and risk handling. It describes different project organization structures like functional organization and project organization. It also discusses different team structures like chief programmer teams, democratic teams, and mixed teams. The document emphasizes the importance of careful project planning and producing a software project management plan document. It also discusses considerations for staffing a project team and attributes of a good software engineer.
Software Engineering (Introduction to Software Engineering)ShudipPal
Software engineering is concerned with all aspects of software production. It aims to develop software using systematic and disciplined approaches to reduce errors and costs. Some key challenges in software development are its high cost, difficulty delivering on time, and producing low quality software. Software engineering methods strive to address these challenges and produce software with attributes like maintainability, dependability, efficiency, usability and acceptability.
The document contains slides from a lecture on software engineering. It discusses definitions of software and software engineering, different types of software applications, characteristics of web applications, and general principles of software engineering practice. The slides are copyrighted and intended for educational use as supplementary material for a textbook on software engineering.
Content Based Image and Video Retrieval AlgorithmAkshit Bum
The document describes content-based image and video retrieval (CBIR) algorithms. It discusses how CBIR works by extracting features from query images, indexing images, and retrieving similar images based on color, shape, and texture features. CBIR techniques include reverse image search, semantic retrieval using queries, and relevance feedback to refine searches based on user input about retrieved images. The document provides examples of CBIR applications in areas like crime prevention, military, web searching, and medical diagnosis.
This dissertation discusses content-based image retrieval for medical imaging using texture features. The document outlines the background of CBIR and its applications in medical areas. It discusses using Gabor wavelet and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features to extract features from medical images for retrieval. The methodology section describes extracting contrast, mean, standard deviation, entropy and energy features. Results show precision and recall rates for sample queries of knee, brain and chest images ranging from 79-88%. The conclusion discusses the proposed method's simplicity and speed while achieving average precision of 87.3%. The future scope discusses improving query time and updating the fuzzy rule base.
Literature Review on Content Based Image RetrievalUpekha Vandebona
This document summarizes a literature review on content-based image retrieval (CBIR). It discusses how CBIR uses computer vision techniques to automatically extract visual features from images for retrieval, unlike traditional concept-based methods that rely on metadata/text. The key visual features discussed are color, texture, and shape. A typical CBIR system architecture includes creating an image database, automatically extracting features, searching by example or semantics, and ranking results. Distance measures are used to compare image features and evaluate retrieval performance. Combining CBIR with concept-based techniques could improve image retrieval overall.
Multimedia content based retrieval in digital librariesMazin Alwaaly
This document provides an overview of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems. It discusses early CBIR systems and provides a case study of C-BIRD, a CBIR system that uses features like color histograms, color layout, texture analysis, and object models to perform image searches. It also covers quantifying search results, key technologies in current CBIR systems such as robust image features, relevance feedback, and visual concept search, and the role of users in interactive CBIR systems.
This document discusses content-based image retrieval (CBIR), which uses computer vision techniques to search for images based on their visual content rather than metadata. CBIR systems allow users to query image databases using either an example image or sketch. The system then analyzes features of the query image like color, texture, and shape to find visually similar images in the database. Users can provide relevance feedback to refine search results. CBIR has applications in domains like art collections, medical imaging, and scientific databases.
Action plans were outlined for 5 weeks. Week 1 focused on action planned for that week. Week 2 involved feature extraction from images in a database and the query image. Week 3's action was unspecified. Week 4 involved splitting images into RBG components and applying discrete Fourier transforms. Weeks 5 and 6 involved sectorizing image features and comparing them to a component database to evaluate performance.
The document discusses content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems. It describes how CBIR systems use feature extraction to search large image databases based on visual content. The key components of CBIR systems are feature extraction, indexing, and system design. Feature extraction involves extracting information about images' colors, textures, shapes, and spatial locations. Effective features and indexing techniques are needed to make CBIR scalable for large image collections. Performance is evaluated based on how well systems return relevant images.
This document discusses content-based image retrieval (CBIR) using interactive genetic algorithms. It proposes using IGA to better capture a user's image preferences through iterative refinement of feature weights. Features discussed include color (mean and standard deviation in HSV color space), texture (entropy based on gray level co-occurrence matrix), and edges. IGA allows users to provide feedback on retrieval results to gradually shape the algorithm toward their interests over multiple generations. The document reviews related work using other features for CBIR and discusses color, texture, and edge features in more detail.
In this project, we proposed a Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system which is used to retrieve a
relevant image from an outsized database. Textile images showed the way for the development of CBIR. It
establishes the efficient combination of color, shape and texture features. Here the textile image is given as
dataset. The images in database are loaded. The resultant image is given as input to feature extraction
technique which is transformation of input image into a set of features such as color, texture and shape.
The texture feature of an image is taken out by using Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The color
feature of an image is obtained by HSI color space. The shape feature of an image is extorted by sobel
technique. These algorithms are used to calculate the similarity between extracted features. These features
are combined effectively so that the retrieval accuracy and recall rate is enhanced. The classification
techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to classify the features of a query image by
splitting the group such as color, shape and texture. Finally, the relevant images are retrieved from a large
database and hence the efficiency of an image is plotted.The software used is MATLAB 7.10 (matrix
laboratory) which is built software applications
This document discusses various image features that can be used for large-scale visual search and content-based image retrieval (CBIR). It describes both high-level semantic features and low-level visual features that can be extracted from images. For low-level features, it outlines several popular global features like color histograms, color moments, texture descriptors using gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM), shape context, and GIST. It also discusses commonly used local feature detectors like Harris corner detector, SIFT, and descriptors like SIFT, SURF, BRIEF.
The project aims at development of efficient segmentation method for the CBIR system. Mean-shift segmentation generates a list of potential objects which are meaningful and then these objects are clustered according to a predefined similarity measure. The method was tested on benchmark data and F-Score of .30 was achieved.
- Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) searches for images based on visual features like color, texture, and shape rather than keywords.
- CBIR systems extract features from images to create metadata and use those features to calculate visual similarity between images.
- Relevance feedback allows users to provide feedback on initial search results to help the system recalculate feature weights and improve subsequent results.
Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems employ colour as primary feature with texture and shape as secondary features. In this project a simple, image retrieval system will be implemented
Content based image retrieval using clustering Algorithm(CBIR)Raja Sekar
The document discusses content-based image retrieval (CBIR). It defines CBIR as retrieving images from a collection based on automatically extracted features like color, texture, and shape. The document outlines the history and motivation for CBIR. It discusses features used for retrieval like color, texture, shape. Filtering algorithms and clustering methods used for CBIR are also summarized. Applications of CBIR include medical imaging, stock photography, and military intelligence. CBIR is presented as an effective alternative to text-based image retrieval.
This document outlines a presentation on content-based image retrieval (CBIR). It discusses the motivation for CBIR by describing limitations of text-based image retrieval, such as problems with image annotation, human perception, and queries that cannot be described with text. CBIR allows images to be retrieved based on automatically extracted visual features like color, texture, and histograms. A typical CBIR system extracts image features and then matches features to find visually similar images. Applications of CBIR include crime prevention, security, medical diagnosis, and intellectual property. The conclusion states that CBIR reduces computation time and increases user interaction compared to other methods.
Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) uses visual image content to search large image databases according to user needs. CBIR systems represent images by extracting features related to color, shape, texture, and spatial layout. Features are extracted from regions of the image and compared to features of images in the database to find the most similar matches. CBIR has applications in medical imaging, fingerprints, photo collections, and more. Techniques include representing images with histograms of color and texture features extracted through transforms.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). CBIR allows users to search for digital images in large databases based on the images' visual contents like color, shape, and texture, rather than keywords. The seminar covers the inspiration for CBIR, different types of image retrieval, how CBIR works by extracting features from images, applications like crime prevention and biomedicine, advantages like efficient searching, and limitations like accuracy issues. The goal of CBIR research is to develop algorithms that can characterize and understand images like human vision.
The document discusses content-based image retrieval. It begins with an overview of the problem of using a query image to retrieve similar images from a large dataset. Common techniques discussed include using SIFT features with bag-of-words models or convolutional neural network (CNN) features. The document outlines the classic SIFT retrieval pipeline and techniques for using features from pre-trained CNNs, such as max-pooling features from convolutional layers or encoding them with VLAD. It also discusses learning image representations specifically for retrieval using methods like the triplet loss to learn an embedding space that clusters similar images. The state-of-the-art methods achieve the best performance by learning global or regional image representations from CNNs trained on large, generated datasets
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It defines software and discusses the costs associated with software development and maintenance. It then covers various software engineering topics like processes, models, techniques and challenges. Specific topics covered include the waterfall model, rapid development approaches, prototyping, iterative development, reuse-oriented engineering and the impact of the web on software engineering. Case studies and examples are also provided to illustrate different types of software systems.
This document introduces software engineering and discusses its importance, key topics, and professional and ethical responsibilities. It defines software engineering, compares it to computer science and system engineering, and explains software processes and models. It also covers frequently asked questions about software engineering, costs, methods, challenges, and a code of ethics for professional responsibility.
Introduction to Software Engineering SE1koolkampus
This document introduces software engineering and discusses its importance, key topics, and professional and ethical responsibilities. It defines software engineering, compares it to computer science and system engineering, and explains software processes and models. It also covers frequently asked questions about software engineering, costs, methods, challenges, and a code of ethics for professional responsibility.
Software engineering involves developing software programs and documentation. It aims to introduce key concepts, discuss professional responsibilities, and address common questions. Topics covered include defining software engineering, discussing costs and challenges, and explaining ethical issues. Software engineering is important because modern economies rely on software and costs are significant. Professional responsibilities include maintaining confidentiality, competence, and intellectual property rights.
This document introduces software engineering and discusses its importance, key questions, topics covered, and professional and ethical responsibilities. It defines software engineering, explains common questions about the field, and outlines important concepts like the software development process, methods, costs, challenges, and a code of ethics.
Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development. It aims to introduce software engineering and explain its importance, key questions, and ethical and professional issues. Topics covered include FAQs about software engineering, professional responsibility, and a code of ethics.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering, including its objectives, topics covered, and answers to frequently asked questions. It discusses what software engineering is, costs associated with software, and differences between software engineering, computer science, and system engineering. It also covers software processes, methods, challenges, and the importance of professional responsibility and ethics in software engineering.
The document discusses software engineering and its importance. It covers the history of software engineering, different types of software systems, and professional software development. Software engineering aims to support developing reliable software through techniques like structured programming and object-oriented development. It also discusses essential attributes of good software like maintainability, dependability, and efficiency. The key activities in software engineering processes are software specification, development, validation, and evolution.
Introduction to Software Engineering & Information TechnologyGaditek
For Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology this slide will guide you many things about Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology.
Software engineering is concerned with developing software using a systematic process and addressing factors like increasing demands and low expectations. It involves activities like specification, development, validation and evolution. Some key challenges are coping with diversity, reduced delivery times and developing trustworthy software. Different techniques are suitable depending on the type of system, and processes may incorporate elements of models like waterfall, incremental development and integration/configuration. Prototyping can help with requirements, design and testing.
want to contact me login to www.stqa.orgnazeer pasha
The document discusses the history and evolution of software engineering from the early 1950s to the present. It covers the major problems faced like correctness, efficiency, and complexity. Software engineering aims to systematically develop software through paradigms like waterfall and agile methods. The document defines software engineering and describes phases like requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance in the software development life cycle.
The document discusses several topics related to software engineering including:
- The challenges facing software including larger problems, lack of training, and increasing demands.
- Software engineering aims to provide systematic and disciplined approaches to address issues like cost overruns and project failures.
- Key activities in software engineering processes include specification, development, validation, and evolution.
- Different types of software like embedded systems, information systems, and sensor-based systems have varying requirements.
1. The document provides an introduction to software engineering, defining it as the technological and managerial discipline concerned with systematic production and maintenance of software products that are developed and modified on time and within cost estimates.
2. It discusses the need for software engineering due to increasing complex applications in the 1960s that resulted in cost overruns, late deliveries, and lack of reliability. Workshops defined "software engineering" to address technical and managerial processes.
3. Software engineering relies on computer science, management science, economics, communication skills, and engineering approaches. It aims to improve quality and productivity through a systematic approach.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses how software engineering is concerned with the development and maintenance of software through professional practices and methods. It notes that software costs, especially maintenance costs, are a large part of overall system costs. The document then discusses different types of software products and specifications, as well as frequently asked questions about software engineering. It emphasizes that software engineering principles should be applied to all types of software development.
To be a professional software engineer requires following an ethical code like other engineering disciplines. This involves wider responsibilities than technical skills alone, including maintaining confidentiality, respecting intellectual property rights, avoiding computer misuse, and competence. Professional societies provide codes of conduct that members must follow. When disagreeing with management, arguing within the organization is best, but resigning may be needed. Safety issues must be reported to protect customers, even if it risks confidentiality. Participation in some systems like military is ethically complex.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering and defines different types of software. It explains that software is a set of instructions that resides in the computer's memory or storage. There are two main types of software: system software, which operates and controls the computer hardware, and application software, which is designed for specific applications. Some common system software includes operating systems, databases, and programming tools. Examples of application software are word processors, spreadsheets, accounting programs, and web-based software.
The document discusses various Porter forces and eBusiness strategies. It provides definitions and explanations of concepts like product differentiation, market diversification, strategic alliances, bundling, integration strategies, pricing models, barriers to entry, and managing substitute products and supplier power. Strategies recommended to address high forces include positioning the company to be least vulnerable, minimizing or diversifying from the force. For low forces, strategies include capitalizing on the force or using it for advantage.
The document discusses several revenue models for e-business, including:
1) Selling directly to customers at lower prices, building custom orders, and receiving earlier payment. This allows faster delivery and product release.
2) Using customer data to provide customized services.
3) Leveraging information sharing across the supply chain for effective order processing, product tracking, and issue resolution.
4) Bundling own and third-party products/services and offering multiple sales channels for economies of scale.
5) Industry collaboration and partnerships to gain competitive advantages over foreign competitors.
6) Collective marketing portals where small sellers work together on larger projects by pooling resources and profits.
Discusses how to analyse the external environment of a business using Porter’s 5 Forces using examples of situations each force becomes high.
Explains the following terms
- Economies of Scale
- Difference between Commodity Products and Homogenous Products
What is a strategy and how to incorporate eBusiness strategies to the business?
SWOT Analysis to understand business environment before developing strategies.
Global Trade Platform for Small and Medium Scale enterprises.
Supply Chain Management, Customer Relationship Management and Knowledge Manag...Upekha Vandebona
Discuss About the three terms Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Knowledge Management (KM)
Talking about the difference between CRM and Sales Force Automation (SFA)
Identify how the Information, Material and Financial flows go through the SCM Interactions
Discussing about the Business Environment focusing on external entities. In here specifically identify what is the difference between customer-supplier relationship and business partner relationship.
Talking about the nature of business interactions among both the internal and external parties of an organization. The success factors of an perfect interaction in a business process. Three flows in the interaction, and how technology had impact these flows. And how the jargon had been changed.
Depending on the level of digitization how the business organizations were categorized.
And finally the step by step roadmap for an successful ebusiness.
The document discusses four main driving forces that compel companies to change and transform digitally: 1) technological advancements and the internet which remove geographical boundaries, 2) information revolution and communication explosion, 3) market changes and increased competition, and 4) government regulations and pressures from partners/groups. It also provides three examples of how digitization has changed eBusiness - music, books, and news are now distributed online rather than physically. Finally, it discusses pricing strategies for eBusiness and comparison shopping websites that allow consumers to research prices across retailers.
This document discusses benefits and issues of eBusiness. It lists 5 benefits as competitive edge, global accessibility, establishing a brand name, capturing large markets, and exclusive strategic alliances. It also lists 5 issues as cost of development being high, chance of failure, systems becoming obsolete, lack of initial support services, and shortage of skills. It then provides examples of how eBusiness concepts could help address global problems related to poverty by discussing eEducation, eHealth, and enabling online charities, help, support and donations.
Recognize key figures in eBusinesses and what they did; Michael Dell for Dell Inc.; Mark Zuckerberg for Facebook; Jeff Bezos for Amazon; Pierre Omidyar for eBay
Focus on Sri Lankan context for eBusiness model; Being a mediator for buying and selling; Sell your product online; Content publisher for advertising.
Professional and Ethical, Issues and ResponsibilitiesUpekha Vandebona
Discussing about Ethics in Business World. This mentions why we need to foster an ethical working environment and how to perform ethical decision making process.
Discussing about privacy related issues in the areas of Financial Data, Health Information and Children’s Personal Data with identifying regulations in USA and EU. Also it focus on Fair Information Practices.
Discuss about business processes in organizations and related approaches such as business process management and business process re-engineering. Also it highlights about information systems that used to manage processes such as document management systems and ERP systems. And Finally introducing ISO certification.
Professional Communication in Computing - WritingUpekha Vandebona
About Writing
This discusses the difference between expository writing and technical writing. Also it highlights how to write user documents for information systems.
About Presentations and Speeches.
This discusses the tools and techniques that can be used to deliver a presentation/ speech and what can we learn from epic demonstrations and epic failures.
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
2. Need for Software Systems
Economies of the world
Industries
Expectations of high reliability
Intangible
Different Types of Software
Systems
3. Professional Software Development
Software engineering is intended to support professional
software development, rather than individual programming.
A professionally developed software system is often more than
a single program.
4. Software Engineering - Definition
Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is
concerned with
all aspects of software production
from the early stages of
system specification through to
maintaining the system after it has gone into use.
Project management - systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach, Scope & Time & Cost & Quality, Software
Tools
5. Software Engineering Some Basic
Considerations
Theories, methods and tools (e.g. prototyping)
Systematic & scientific
Computer assistance
Finding out user’s requirements -> Formal/Semi
Formal specification
Error free
Easy to understand
6. Software Engineer
Adopt a systematic and organized approach to
their work.
Use appropriate tools and techniques depending
on the
Problem to be solved
Development constraints
Resources available
7. Why Software engineering is
important?
1. We need to be able to produce reliable and
trustworthy systems economically and quickly.
2. The majority of costs are the costs of changing the
software after it has gone into use.
We can’t run the modern world without software. Industrial manufacturing and distribution is
completely computerized, as well as the financial processes. Not only that, Entertainment, including the
music industry, gaming industry, and cinema and television, is also software intensive.
Therefore, software engineering is essential for the functioning of national and international
societies. They are not constrained by the
properties of materials, governed by physical laws, This simplifies software engineering, as there are no natural limits to the potential of
software. However, because of the lack of physical constraints, software systems can
quickly become extremely complex, difficult to understand, and expensive to change.
There are many different types of software systems, from simple embedded systems
to complex, worldwide information systems. It is pointless to look for universal
notations, methods, or techniques for software engineering because different types
of software require different approaches. Developing an organizational information
system is completely different from developing a controller for a scientific instrument.
Neither of these systems has much in common with a graphics-intensive computer
game. All of these applications need software engineering; they do not all need
the same software engineering techniques.
Lots of people write programs. People in business write spreadsheet programs to
simplify their jobs, scientists and engineers write programs to process their experimental
data, and hobbyists write programs for their own interest and enjoyment.
However, the vast majority of software development is a professional activity where
software is developed for specific business purposes, for inclusion in other devices,
or as software products such as information systems, CAD systems, etc. Professional
software, intended for use by someone apart from its developer, is usually developed
by teams rather than individuals. It is maintained and changed throughout its life.
Software engineering is intended to support professional software development,
rather than individual programming. It includes techniques that support program
specification, design, and evolution, none of which are normally relevant for personal
software development.
Seamlessly exhaustively
software failures are a consequence of majorly
two factors
1. Increasing demands As new software engineering techniques help us to build
larger, more complex systems, the demands change. Systems have to be built
and delivered more quickly; larger, even more complex systems are required;
systems have to have new capabilities that were previously thought to be impossible.
Existing software engineering methods cannot cope and new software
engineering techniques have to be developed to meet new these new demands.
2. Low expectations It is relatively easy to write computer programs without using
software engineering methods and techniques. Many companies have drifted
into software development as their products and services have evolved. They do
not use software engineering methods in their everyday work. Consequently,
their software is often more expensive and less reliable than it should be. We
need better software engineering education and training to address this problem.