IRJET- Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1166
Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring System
Jyotirmaya Ijaradar1, Subhasish Chatterjee2
1UG Student, Dept. of ECE, Centurion University, Odisha, India
2UG Student, Dept. of CSE, IEI Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - The need for effective and efficient
monitoring, evaluation and control of water quality in
residential area has become more demanding in this era of
urbanization, pollution and population growth. Ensuring
safe water supply of drinking water is big challenge for
modern civilization. Traditional methods that rely on
collecting water samples, testing and analyses in water
laboratories are not only costly but also lack capability for
real-time data capture, analyses and fast dissemination of
information to relevant stakeholders for making timely and
informed decisions. In this paper, a real time water quality
monitoring system prototype developed for water quality
monitoring in Residential home is presented. The
development was preceded by evaluation of prevailing
environment including availability of cellular network
coverage at the site of operation. The system consists of a
Raspberry Pi, Analog to Digital Converter, Water quality
measurement sensors. It detects water temperature,
dissolved oxygen, pH, and electrical conductivity in real-time
and disseminates the information in graphical and tabular
formats to relevant stakeholders through a web-based
portal and mobile phone platforms. The experimental
results show that the system has great prospect and can be
used to operate in real world environment for optimum
control and protection of water resources by providing key
actors with relevant and timely information to facilitate
quick action taking.
Keywords: Raspberry Pi, Real-Time, Water Quality,
Cloud, Data Visualization, ADC, Cost Effective
1. INTRODUCTION
In the 21st century, there are lots of inventions, but at the
same time were pollutions, global warming and so on are
being formed, because of this there is no safe drinking
water for the world’s pollution. Nowadays, maintaining
pure supply of water to the people is getting more
challenging day by day. In India mainly is big cities the
municipality corporation use lots of chemical to purify the
river water then supply that to the people. And we
reserved that water without any test. And we also don’t
know the water is either safe for drinking or not. And now
a day’s water quality monitoring in real time faces
challenges because of global warming limited water
resources, growing population, etc. Hence there is need of
developing better methodologies to monitor the water
quality parameters in real time. The water parameters pH
measures the concentration of hydrogen ions. It shows the
water is acidic or alkaline. Pure water has 7 pH value, less
than 7pH has acidic, more than 7pH has alkaline. The
range of pH is 0-14pH. For drinking purpose it should be
6.5-8.5pH. Turbidity measures the large number of
suspended particles in water that is invisible. Higher the
turbidity higher the risk of diarrhea, cholera. Lower the
turbidity then the water is clean. Temperature sensor
measures how the water is, hot or cold. Here in this paper
we tried to find the problem and then make a solution for
it.
1.1 Problem Statement
Due to the fast growing urbanization supply of safe
drinking water is a challenge for the every city authority.
Water can be polluted any time. So the water we reserved
in the water tank at our roof top or basement in our
society or apartment may not be safe. Still in India most of
the people use simple water purifier that is not enough to
get surety of pure water. Sometimes the water has
dangerous particles or chemical mixed and general
purpose water purifier cannot purify that. And it’s
impossible to check the quality of water manually in every
time. So an automatic real-time monitoring system is
required to monitor the health of the water reserved in
our water tank of the society or apartment. So it can warn
us automatically if there is any problem with the reserved
water. And we can check the quality of the water anytime
and from anywhere. By keeping this mind we designed
this system especially for residential areas.
2. RELATED WORK
Central Water Commission (CWC) monitors water quality,
by collecting samples from representative locations within
the processing & distribution system. These samples are
analyzed at the well-equipped laboratories. At these
laboratories samples from raw water, filter water and
treated water are taken for analysis. The estimation of
water parameters like turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc.
is done with the help of meters. So the disadvantages of
this existing system are that; there is no continuous and
remote monitoring, human resource is required, less
reliable, no monitoring at the source of waters i.e. no on
field monitoring and the frequency of testing is very low.
Due to these disadvantages of the existing system it is
required to develop a system that will allow real time and
continuous monitoring of water quality. Thus various
advanced technologies for monitoring water quality have

been proposed in the recent years. In the structure of the
wireless sensor networking in which a number of sensor
nodes are located in a lake is proposed. A much smaller
number of UAVs also watch the lake and they are
controlled by the central monitoring station (CMS). The
sensor nodes and UAVs are both movable whereas the
CMS is fixed. The CMS collects the information from the
sensors and process them. In a framework for monitoring
water quality by incorporating bacterial contamination of
water for open water bodies using WSN (consisting of
sensors for sensing parameters of interest), UV Light to
probe the contamination of water and Fluorescence as a
monitoring tool is proposed. Presents a web based
wireless sensor network, for monitoring water pollution
by means of Zigbee and WiMax technologies. This system
would have a local Zigbee network that will be capable of
measuring various water quality parameters, a WiMax
network and web based monitoring with the help of a
controlling computer. The system is intended to collect
and process information, thus making decisions in real
time via a remote web server. The data is directed through
the Zigbee gateway from sensor nodes to the web server
by means of a WiMax network, thus permitting users to
distantly monitor the water quality from their place
instead of gathering data from the scene. Experimental
results reveals that the system is capable of monitoring
water pollution in real time.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Our goal is to develop a system for real time quality
assessment for water health at residential places using
Raspberry Pi. pH, Turbidity and Temperature sensors are
used to gather the parameters necessary to monitor water
health in real time. Following are the objectives of the
proposed system.
● To measure various chemical and physical
properties of water like pH, temperature and
particle density of water using sensors.
● Send the data collected to a Raspberry Pi, show
the data in display and send it to a cloud based
Database using Wired/Wireless Channel.
● Trigger alarm when any discrepancies are found
in the water quality.
● Data visualization and analysis using cloud based
visualization tools.
The detailed block diagram of the proposed design is given
in Diagram 1.
3.1 Block Diagram:
Fig - 1 : Block diagram of the proposed system
4. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONS
A. RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi3 Model B is a wonderful platform that
can be used to build automation systems. Clearly, the
Raspberry Pi3 model B board is perfect when being used
as a “hub” for automation systems, connecting to other
open-source hardware parts like sensors. Raspberry Pi3
Model B is a small sized single board computer which is
capable of doing the entire job that an average desktop
computer does like spreadsheets, word processing,
Internet, Programming, Games etc. Raspberry Pi3 Model B
Built on the latest Broadcom 2837 ARMv8 64bit processor,
the new generation Raspberry Pi3 Model B is faster and
more powerful than its predecessors. With built-in
wireless and Bluetooth connectivity, it becomes the ideal
IoT ready solution. It consists of 1.2GHz QUAD Core
Broadcom BCM2837 64bit ARMv8 processor, BCM43438
Wi-Fi on board, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on
board,1GB RAM,4x USB 2 ports,40pin extended
GPIO,HDMI and RCA video output. The Raspberry Pi3B
model is shown in Fig - 1.
Fig - 2: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

B. ADS1015 Analog to Digital Converter
For microcontrollers without an analog-to-digital
converter or when you want a higher-precision ADC, the
ADS1015 provides 12-bit precision at 3300
samples/second over I2C. The chip can be configured as 4
single-ended input channels, or two differential channels.
As a nice bonus, it even includes a programmable gain
amplifier, up to x16, to help boost up smaller
single/differential signals to the full range. We like this
ADC because it can run from 2V to 5V power/logic, can
measure a large range of signals and its super easy to use.
It is a great general purpose 12 bit converter.
Fig - 3 : Adafruit ADS1015 ADC
C. PH Sensor:
pH measurements are predominantly conducted with pH-
sensitive glass electrodes, which have, in general, proven
satisfactory in measurements of pH. However, the
behavior of pH-sensitive glass electrodes often falls short
of what precision is required. Even with the most careful
treatment, the potential of cells containing glass electrodes
often drifts slowly with time after such cells were placed
in a new solution. Drift of cell potentials is an especially
severe problem in investigations dependent on precise
observation of small pH differences. Measurements
involving cells with liquid junctions are subject to further
uncertainties due to the dependence of liquid junction
potentials upon medium concentration and composition
and due to pressure changes in the system.
Ideally, the change in liquid junction potential (residual
liquid junction potential) between test solution and
standardizing buffer should be small or at least highly
reproducible. In practice, systematic errors between many
measurements suggest that the reproducibility of the
residual liquid junction potential is often poor and that
residual liquid junction potentials are dependent on the
construction and/or history of the liquid junctions used in
various investigations. Since pH fluctuations in marine
waters are very small, an absolute accuracy of less than
0.1 pH units and a resolution of at least 0.01 pH units is
required. For an assessment of the CO2/CO3 systems even
a higher accuracy is necessary.
Fig - 4: pH sensor
D. Turbidity Sensor:
Turbidity is defined as the reduction of transparency of a
liquid caused by the presence of undissolved suspended
matter. The origin of the particles found in seawater can
be mineral (such as clay and silts) or organic (such as
particulate organic matter or living organisms like
plankton). Turbidity is not, however, a direct measure of
suspended particles in water, but a measure of the
scattering effect such particles have on light. Turbidity
sensors measure the amount of light that is scattered by
the suspended solids in water. As the amount of total
suspended solids (TSS) in water increases, the water’s
turbidity level (and cloudiness or haziness) increases.
Turbidity sensors are used in river and stream gaging,
wastewater and effluent measurements, control
instrumentation for settling ponds, sediment transport
research, and laboratory measurements.
Fig - 5: Turbidity Sensor
The DS18B20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit to 12-bit
Celsius temperature measurements and has an alarm
function with nonvolatile user-programmable upper and
lower trigger points. The DS18B20 communicates over a
1-Wire bus that by definition requires only one data line
(and ground) for communication with a central
microprocessor. In addition, the DS18B20 can derive
power directly from the data line ("parasite power"),
E. Temperature Sensor (DS18B20) :

eliminating the need for an external power supply. Each
DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows
multiple DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire bus.
Thus, it is simple to use one microprocessor to control
many DS18B20s distributed over a large area.
Applications that can benefit from this feature include
HVAC environmental controls, temperature monitoring
systems inside buildings, equipment, or machinery, and
process monitoring and control systems.
Key Features:
❏ Measures Temperatures from -55°C to +125°C (-
67°F to +257°F)
❏ ±0.5°C Accuracy from -10°C to +85°C
❏ Programmable Resolution from 9 Bits to 12 Bits
❏ No External Components Required
Fig - 6: DS18B20 Temperature Sensor
F. ThingSpeak :
ThingSpeak is a platform providing various services
exclusively targeted for building IoT applications. It offers
the capabilities of real-time data collection, visualizing the
collected data in the form of charts, ability to create
plugins and apps for collaborating with web services,
social network and other APIs. We will consider each of
these features in detail below.
The core element of ThingSpeak is a ‘ThingSpeak Channel’.
A channel stores the data that we send to ThingSpeak and
comprises of the below elements:
● 8 fields for storing data of any type - These can be
used to store the data from a sensor or from an
embedded device.
● 3 location fields - Can be used to store the latitude,
longitude and the elevation. These are very useful
for tracking a moving device.
● 1 status field - A short message to describe the
data stored in the channel.
To use ThingSpeak, we need to sign up and create a
channel. Once we have a channel, we can send the data,
allow ThingSpeak to process it and also retrieve the same.
Let us start exploring ThingSpeak by signing up and
setting up a channel.
The table below displays the metrics used by our system
to measure water quality.
Table -1: Threshold values for pH and turbidity
Safe water unsafe water
pH 6.5 - 8.5 <6.49 and >8.5
Turbidity < 5 > 5
Action Turn On Green
Led
Turn On Red
Led and Buzzer
Table - 2: Threshold values for temperature sensor
Normal Hot Cold
Temperature(T) 10<=T>=29 T>29 T<10
Action Green Led Red Led Blue Led
We present a system design of model depicted in the
figures below. It show a pictorial description of the
implemented design. The design has been tested with
different solvents to check the integrity of the system.
Fig - 8: ADS1015 connected with sensors
4.1 Water Quality Metrics
5. PROOF OF CONCEPT

Fig - 9: Raspberry pi connected to sensors through GPIO
Extension board
Fig - 10: Testing water quality in real time in normal
water
Fig-11: Testing water quality in real time by mixing
solvents in water.
Fig - 12: Collecting turbidity value from dirty water
Chart - 1: Real time visualization of temperature variation
in water sample
Chart - 2: Real time visualization of pH variation in water
sample
Chart - 3: Real time visualization of turbidity variation in
water sample

Monitoring of real time quality of Water from reserve tank
of house and colony makes use of PH, turbidity and
temperature sensor with Raspberry Pi and existing Cloud
system for data analytics. The system can monitor water
quality automatically, triggers alarms immediately to
prevent any health hazards and it is low in cost and does
not require people on duty. So, the system is likely to be
more economical, convenient and fast. The system has
good flexibility. Only by replacing the corresponding
sensors and changing the relevant software programs, this
system can be used to monitor other water quality
parameters. The operation is simple. The system can be
expanded to monitor hydrologic, air pollution, industrial
and agricultural production and so on. It has widespread
application and extension value.
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6. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES

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