Computers can perform a variety of tasks and are present in many fields. A computer is a programmable electronic device that takes in data as input, processes it, and provides output. It has various hardware components like a central processing unit (CPU) and memory. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit and control unit and works with various input/output devices. Computers are fast, accurate, reliable, versatile and can store vast amounts of data. They are classified by size into supercomputers, mainframes, microcomputers, minicomputers, and workstations.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in Lecture 1 of the ACCE 2204 Fundamentals of Computer Science and Engineering course. The lecture includes sections on the parts of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It also covers the history of computer generations from first to fifth generation and classifications of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. The document recommends books for the course and outlines the distribution of marks for assessments.
This document discusses different types of software. It defines software and describes application software such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and presentations. It also discusses system software including operating systems, utilities, and device drivers. Operating systems coordinate computer resources and provide interfaces between users and hardware. Utilities perform specific management tasks and device drivers allow input/output devices to communicate with the computer system.
The document discusses different types of computers and their components. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer like the CPU, keyboard, and hard drive. Software is defined as a set of instructions that allows computers to perform tasks and is divided into system software and application software. Computers are classified based on their capacity as mainframe, mini, super, or micro computers and based on the type of data they process as analog, digital, or hybrid computers. Each type is designed for specific uses.
The document discusses types of software including system software and application software. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, firmware, and utility programs that manage hardware and allow applications to function. Application software serves specific user purposes like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, web browsing, and more. The document provides examples of common system and application software and discusses other categories of software used in programming, middleware, content management, artificial intelligence, and more.
Computers can perform a variety of tasks and are present in many fields. A computer is a programmable electronic device that takes in data as input, processes it, and provides output. It has various hardware components like a central processing unit (CPU) and memory. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit and control unit and works with various input/output devices. Computers are fast, accurate, reliable, versatile and can store vast amounts of data. They are classified by size into supercomputers, mainframes, microcomputers, minicomputers, and workstations.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in Lecture 1 of the ACCE 2204 Fundamentals of Computer Science and Engineering course. The lecture includes sections on the parts of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It also covers the history of computer generations from first to fifth generation and classifications of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. The document recommends books for the course and outlines the distribution of marks for assessments.
This document discusses different types of software. It defines software and describes application software such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and presentations. It also discusses system software including operating systems, utilities, and device drivers. Operating systems coordinate computer resources and provide interfaces between users and hardware. Utilities perform specific management tasks and device drivers allow input/output devices to communicate with the computer system.
The document discusses different types of computers and their components. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer like the CPU, keyboard, and hard drive. Software is defined as a set of instructions that allows computers to perform tasks and is divided into system software and application software. Computers are classified based on their capacity as mainframe, mini, super, or micro computers and based on the type of data they process as analog, digital, or hybrid computers. Each type is designed for specific uses.
The document discusses types of software including system software and application software. System software includes operating systems, device drivers, firmware, and utility programs that manage hardware and allow applications to function. Application software serves specific user purposes like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, web browsing, and more. The document provides examples of common system and application software and discusses other categories of software used in programming, middleware, content management, artificial intelligence, and more.
COMP-111 Past Paper 2022 complete Solution PU BS 4 Year Programhaiderali8455
- SRAM is fixed on the processor or within memory and saves data when powered on, while DRAM is on the motherboard and needs periodic refreshing. DRAM is cheaper to produce and replaced SRAM.
- A computer virus is a malicious software that replicates itself and spreads, often damaging data, hardware or software. Common types are file infectors, boot sector viruses, macro viruses, polymorphic viruses, and worms.
- A graphics card generates and outputs visual images to a display. Integrated graphics are built-in while dedicated cards have their own memory and processing power for demanding tasks like gaming.
The document discusses the four main parts of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like keyboards and monitors. Software consists of organized instructions that control the computer and enable it to perform tasks. Data refers to raw facts that are stored and manipulated by the computer. Users are people who operate computers. The document then provides more details about hardware components like the CPU and memory, software types like operating systems and applications, and storage devices.
Computer software is used to analyze data. There are three main types of software: system software that controls computer operations like the operating system; application software designed for specific tasks like word processing; and programming software that helps developers create other software. Hardware are the physical parts of a computer while software are the instructions that direct the hardware. Together, hardware and software work to accept input, process data, and produce output.
The document provides an overview of computers, including their components and functions. It discusses how computers input, process, output and store data. It describes the basic internal and external hardware components, as well as system and application software. The document also outlines different types of computers from supercomputers to laptops. It discusses the importance of computers in modern life and for education in South Africa.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including their components, types of software, and classifications. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept, store, retrieve, process, and output data. The two core components are hardware, the physical parts like the CPU, and software, which are sets of instructions. There are system software, utilities, and application software. Computers are classified based on their size and capabilities from microcomputers to supercomputers.
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, provide information (output), and store the information for future use
Computer Hardware and Software ElementsAdetula Bunmi
This document discusses the key components of a computer system including hardware and software elements. It describes the main hardware components like the input, processing, output and storage units. It explains the functions of these units and provides examples. It also discusses software types like system software which manages computer resources, and application software which performs specific tasks for users. Examples of operating systems, word processors and other application types are provided.
Computer An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, an...ChandrakantPatil97
An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.
An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.
Computer-Basics for B.ed Second Year.pptxkplkumar981
This document provides an overview of computer basics, including:
1) It defines a computer as an electronic device that can store, process, and retrieve data, and be programmed with instructions. Computers have both hardware and software components.
2) Hardware refers to physical components like the system unit, monitor, keyboard, etc. Software includes operating systems and applications that make the computer work.
3) There are different types of computers ranging from mini/mainframe computers for large organizations to personal computers for individual use.
4) Key hardware components include input devices, output devices, storage, memory, microprocessors, and various components that impact performance.
5) Software includes operating systems and applications like
Computer Organisation unit 1 basics of computer Organisationluckyanirudhsai
The document discusses the basic structure and functions of a computer. It defines a computer as a digital electronic machine that can be programmed to perform arithmetic and logical operations automatically. The five basic operations of a computer are input, processing, output, storage, and control. The key components that enable these operations are the input and output units, central processing unit (CPU), and memory. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit. Computers are classified by size from supercomputers to mainframes, minicomputers, and personal computers. Each functional unit works together under the control unit's coordination to process input data and produce useful output for the user.
This document provides an overview of computer operation fundamentals including:
- Computer hardware components like the CPU, monitor, keyboard, and storage devices.
- How input is processed by the CPU and results in output which can be stored.
- Types of computer software like system software which includes the operating system and device drivers, and application software.
- System software functions like reading data, translating instructions, and controlling devices.
- Categories of application software for general purposes, specific purposes, and developer tools.
System, sub-system, computer system, advantages, disadvantages, types of computers, classes by size and functions, server, workstations, information appliances, embedded computers etc.
This document provides an overview of information technology (IT) including its key components and functions. IT deals with using computers and software to store, process, and retrieve information. The backbone of IT is computers, which have hardware and software. Computer hardware includes input, processing, and output units. Computer software includes application software, system software, and utility software. Databases help manage data through database management systems. Operating systems act as an interface between users and hardware. Networks allow computers to connect and share resources through local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Enterprise resource planning systems integrate organizational data and processes into a single system.
The document defines and describes different types of software. It discusses systems software, which includes operating systems, utilities programs, device drivers, and language translators that help applications run. It also covers application software, dividing it into general purpose, specialized, customized, and custom-written categories. Finally, it provides examples of different operating systems like real-time, single-user single-task, single-user multi-tasking, and multi-user operating systems.
System software is a type of computer program that allows the hardware and application programs to work together. It includes the operating system, utility programs, and device drivers. The operating system acts as an interface between the hardware and application software. Utility programs help with system maintenance tasks. Device drivers control specific hardware components like sound cards and video cards. System software manages computer resources and allows application programs to run properly.
1. A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, produce output, and store information for future use. It consists of both hardware and software.
2. Computers are now essential tools used in many aspects of modern life including business, education, entertainment, healthcare, and more. They are used to store and process information, perform calculations, and automate tasks.
3. Key components of a computer include a motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), random access memory (RAM), and storage devices. The CPU retrieves and executes instructions, the motherboard facilitates connectivity, and memory and storage hold data and programs.
The document provides an introduction to C programming, including algorithms and flowcharts, computer systems and software, and creating and running programs in C. It discusses algorithm development using pseudocode and flowcharts, the components of computer hardware and software, and the process of compiling, linking, and executing C programs. Example algorithms and programs are provided to illustrate various concepts like decision making and iteration. An overview of computing environments like personal, time-sharing, client-server and distributed computing is also presented.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
COMP-111 Past Paper 2022 complete Solution PU BS 4 Year Programhaiderali8455
- SRAM is fixed on the processor or within memory and saves data when powered on, while DRAM is on the motherboard and needs periodic refreshing. DRAM is cheaper to produce and replaced SRAM.
- A computer virus is a malicious software that replicates itself and spreads, often damaging data, hardware or software. Common types are file infectors, boot sector viruses, macro viruses, polymorphic viruses, and worms.
- A graphics card generates and outputs visual images to a display. Integrated graphics are built-in while dedicated cards have their own memory and processing power for demanding tasks like gaming.
The document discusses the four main parts of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like keyboards and monitors. Software consists of organized instructions that control the computer and enable it to perform tasks. Data refers to raw facts that are stored and manipulated by the computer. Users are people who operate computers. The document then provides more details about hardware components like the CPU and memory, software types like operating systems and applications, and storage devices.
Computer software is used to analyze data. There are three main types of software: system software that controls computer operations like the operating system; application software designed for specific tasks like word processing; and programming software that helps developers create other software. Hardware are the physical parts of a computer while software are the instructions that direct the hardware. Together, hardware and software work to accept input, process data, and produce output.
The document provides an overview of computers, including their components and functions. It discusses how computers input, process, output and store data. It describes the basic internal and external hardware components, as well as system and application software. The document also outlines different types of computers from supercomputers to laptops. It discusses the importance of computers in modern life and for education in South Africa.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including their components, types of software, and classifications. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept, store, retrieve, process, and output data. The two core components are hardware, the physical parts like the CPU, and software, which are sets of instructions. There are system software, utilities, and application software. Computers are classified based on their size and capabilities from microcomputers to supercomputers.
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, provide information (output), and store the information for future use
Computer Hardware and Software ElementsAdetula Bunmi
This document discusses the key components of a computer system including hardware and software elements. It describes the main hardware components like the input, processing, output and storage units. It explains the functions of these units and provides examples. It also discusses software types like system software which manages computer resources, and application software which performs specific tasks for users. Examples of operating systems, word processors and other application types are provided.
Computer An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, an...ChandrakantPatil97
An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.
An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.
Computer-Basics for B.ed Second Year.pptxkplkumar981
This document provides an overview of computer basics, including:
1) It defines a computer as an electronic device that can store, process, and retrieve data, and be programmed with instructions. Computers have both hardware and software components.
2) Hardware refers to physical components like the system unit, monitor, keyboard, etc. Software includes operating systems and applications that make the computer work.
3) There are different types of computers ranging from mini/mainframe computers for large organizations to personal computers for individual use.
4) Key hardware components include input devices, output devices, storage, memory, microprocessors, and various components that impact performance.
5) Software includes operating systems and applications like
Computer Organisation unit 1 basics of computer Organisationluckyanirudhsai
The document discusses the basic structure and functions of a computer. It defines a computer as a digital electronic machine that can be programmed to perform arithmetic and logical operations automatically. The five basic operations of a computer are input, processing, output, storage, and control. The key components that enable these operations are the input and output units, central processing unit (CPU), and memory. The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit. Computers are classified by size from supercomputers to mainframes, minicomputers, and personal computers. Each functional unit works together under the control unit's coordination to process input data and produce useful output for the user.
This document provides an overview of computer operation fundamentals including:
- Computer hardware components like the CPU, monitor, keyboard, and storage devices.
- How input is processed by the CPU and results in output which can be stored.
- Types of computer software like system software which includes the operating system and device drivers, and application software.
- System software functions like reading data, translating instructions, and controlling devices.
- Categories of application software for general purposes, specific purposes, and developer tools.
System, sub-system, computer system, advantages, disadvantages, types of computers, classes by size and functions, server, workstations, information appliances, embedded computers etc.
This document provides an overview of information technology (IT) including its key components and functions. IT deals with using computers and software to store, process, and retrieve information. The backbone of IT is computers, which have hardware and software. Computer hardware includes input, processing, and output units. Computer software includes application software, system software, and utility software. Databases help manage data through database management systems. Operating systems act as an interface between users and hardware. Networks allow computers to connect and share resources through local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Enterprise resource planning systems integrate organizational data and processes into a single system.
The document defines and describes different types of software. It discusses systems software, which includes operating systems, utilities programs, device drivers, and language translators that help applications run. It also covers application software, dividing it into general purpose, specialized, customized, and custom-written categories. Finally, it provides examples of different operating systems like real-time, single-user single-task, single-user multi-tasking, and multi-user operating systems.
System software is a type of computer program that allows the hardware and application programs to work together. It includes the operating system, utility programs, and device drivers. The operating system acts as an interface between the hardware and application software. Utility programs help with system maintenance tasks. Device drivers control specific hardware components like sound cards and video cards. System software manages computer resources and allows application programs to run properly.
1. A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, produce output, and store information for future use. It consists of both hardware and software.
2. Computers are now essential tools used in many aspects of modern life including business, education, entertainment, healthcare, and more. They are used to store and process information, perform calculations, and automate tasks.
3. Key components of a computer include a motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), random access memory (RAM), and storage devices. The CPU retrieves and executes instructions, the motherboard facilitates connectivity, and memory and storage hold data and programs.
The document provides an introduction to C programming, including algorithms and flowcharts, computer systems and software, and creating and running programs in C. It discusses algorithm development using pseudocode and flowcharts, the components of computer hardware and software, and the process of compiling, linking, and executing C programs. Example algorithms and programs are provided to illustrate various concepts like decision making and iteration. An overview of computing environments like personal, time-sharing, client-server and distributed computing is also presented.
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1. Introduction to Computer
and IT
Course Code: GED0611125
Course Instructor : Al Amin
Email: alamin.cse321@gmail.com
2. Table of content
• What is Computer?
• Characteristics of a Computer.
• Computer Hardware.
• Computer Software.
• Computer Categories
• Applications of Computer.
3. What is Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data
(input), process the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information for future use.
Examples:
• Desktop Computers
• Laptop Computers
• Tablet Computers
• Smartphones
• Servers
4. Characteristics of a Computer
• High Speed
Computer is a very fast device.
It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the
picosecond.
It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man
who will spend many months to perform the same task.
• Accuracy
In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.
The calculations are 100% error free.
Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the input is
correct.
5. Characteristics of a Computer (Continued)
• Storage Capability
Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
It can store large amount of data.
It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, etc.
• Versatility
A computer is a very versatile machine.
A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very
next moment it may be playing a card game.
6. Characteristics of a Computer (Continued)
• Automation
Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically. Once the
computer receives a program i.e., the program is stored in the computer
memory, then the program and instruction can control the program
execution without human interaction.
Reduction in Paper Work and Cost
The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to
reduction in paper work and results in speeding up the process.
As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the
problem of maintenance of large number of paper files gets reduced.
Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high, it
substantially reduces the cost of each of its transaction.
7. Computer Hardware
• Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a
computer system that you can touch and feel.
• Computer hardware can be categories into two types:
Internal hardware: Internal components collectively process or store the
instructions delivered by the program or operating system (OS).
External hardware: External hardware components, also called peripheral
components, are those items that are often externally connected to the
computer to control either input or output functions. These hardware
devices are designed to either provide instructions to the software (input)
or render results from its execution (output).
10. Computer Software
• Software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to
interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks.
• Without software, most computers would be useless.
• For example, without a browser software, you could not surf
the internet
• Types of Computer software:
Application software
Utility software
System software
11. Computer Software (Continued)
• Application Software:
Application software is a program or group of programs designed
for end users.
Examples of an application include a word processor, a
spreadsheet, an accounting application, a web browser, a media
player, a file viewer etc.
• Example of Application Software:
• Student record software
• Inventory management software
• Income tax software
• Railways reservation software
• Microsoft Office, like MS word, Excel, PowerPoint etc.
12. Computer Software (Continued)
• Features of a Application Software:
Close to the user
Easy to design
More interactive
Slow in speed
Generally written in high level language
Easy to understand
Easy to manipulate and use
Bigger in size and requires large storage space
13. Computer Software (Continued)
• System Software:
The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control,
and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself.
System software is generally prepared by the computer manufacturers.
These software products comprise of programs written in low level languages,
which interact with the hardware at a very basic level.
System software serves as the interface between the hardware and the end
users.
Examples of system software:
Operating System
Compilers
Interpreter and assemblers
14. Computer Software (Continued)
• Features of a System Software:
Fast in speed
Difficult to design
Difficult to understand
Less interactive
Smaller in size
Difficult to manipulate
Generally written in low level language
15. Computer Software (Continued)
• Utility Software:
Utility software is a type of software that helps users manage,
maintain, and optimize their computer systems.
It includes a range of tools and applications that perform specific
tasks to improve the performance, security, and functionality of
a computer system.
• Example of Utility Software:
• Antivirus Software
• File management tool
• Disk cleanup
• Compression tool
• Disk management tool and Backup and recovery software
16. Computer Software (Continued)
• Advantages of Utility Software:
Improved system performance: Utility software can optimize a computer’s performance
by removing unnecessary files and programs, managing system resources, and optimizing
system settings.
Enhanced security: Utility software includes tools such as antivirus and encryption
software that help users protect their computer systems from security threats such as
viruses, malware, and unauthorized access.
Data backup and recovery: Utility software includes backup and recovery tools that can
help users recover lost or deleted data in the event of a system failure or data loss.
Time-saving: Utility software can help users automate routine tasks such as disk cleanup,
file compression, and data backup, saving time and effort.
Customization: Utility software can help users customize their system settings and
preferences to enhance their overall user experience.
Cost-effective: Many utility software applications are available for free or at a low cost,
making them a cost-effective solution for managing and maintaining a computer system.
17. Computer Categories
Based on capacity we can categories mainly four types:
• Microcomputer: These computers are small in size and relatively inexpensive.
They have microprocessors such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU) which
include memory and input/output (I/O) circuitry mounted on a single printed
circuit board. They are also called Personal Computers as they are usually
designed for personal use. They are mainly used in homes, schools, offices,
shops, banks, etc. Example: desktops, laptops, tablets.
18. Computer Categories (Continued)
• Minicomputers: These computers were
developed in the mid-1960s. They are bigger in
size than the micro-computers, these are
smaller than mainframe computers. It generally
consists of two or more processors. Mini
computers have a higher processing speed and
are more expensive than their predecessors.
Mini computers are also called mid-range
servers. A minicomputer may also be called a
mid-range computer.
19. Computer Categories (Continued)
• Mainframes: Mainframe computers are big in size, have
large memory, and have high speed. It was introduced
in 1975. Mainframe computers are very expensive.
Mainframes are large, powerful computers used
primarily by large organizations for critical applications
like bulk data processing, transaction processing, and
hosting multiple users simultaneously. It is more
powerful than a mini-computer. It consists of multiple
processors. They are designed such that they can
process large amounts of data. It often runs twenty-
four hours a day. It can be serviced and upgraded while
running. Mainframe computers are primarily used in :
Institutions, Research, Academics, Health care,
Libraries, Large businesses, Financial institutions, Bank.
20. Computer Categories (Continued)
• Super-computer: The most powerful computers,
supercomputers have a high level of
performance. These possess an impressive
processing speed. It is the biggest in size and
more expensive than other computers. These are
the most powerful computers designed to
perform complex computations and simulations
at incredibly high speeds. They are used in
scientific research, weather forecasting, and
other applications requiring massive
computational power.
21. Application of Computer
• Education
• Office
• Medical or Healthcare
• Business
• Banking
• Government office
• Home
• Manufacturing and Industry
• Scientific research
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