This document discusses the use of electronics in knitting machines. It provides advantages of electronic control over mechanical control, such as higher speeds, easier programming, and greater versatility. It describes various applications of electronics like stop motions, yarn feeding systems, needle selection, and pattern selection. Microprocessors and computers allow storing large amounts of knitting data and programs. Computerized knitting machines can be programmed to move the carriage and select needles electronically for complex patterns. Overall, electronics have significantly improved knitting machine capabilities and productivity.
The document provides information about circular knitting machines. It defines knitting as transforming yarn into interlocking loops. Circular knitting creates seamless tubes using circular needles or machines. Machine parts include the frame, power supply, yarn feeding system, and quality control components. Circular knitting machines are used to produce fabrics for various garments and other materials. Modern machines feature computer controls to monitor functions like speed and stops.
This document discusses purl and interlock knit fabrics. It begins by defining purl fabric as having alternating knit and purl courses that create loops in opposite directions. Purl fabric is produced on special purl machines using double-headed needles that transfer between beds. Interlock fabric is made from two interlocked 1x1 rib structures that create a reversible fabric with technical faces on both sides. Interlock is produced on circular or flatbed machines using long and short needles and two feeders to knit separate half courses. Examples of applications for each fabric type are given.
This document discusses various aspects of knitting science, including how loop length controls fabric dimensions and properties. It establishes three basic laws governing knitted structure: that loop length is fundamental, loop shape determines dimensions, and the relationship between shape and length can be expressed in equations. Other topics covered include how warp let-off, fabric relaxation and shrinkage, knitted fabric geometry, tightness factor, and robbing back can all influence knitted fabrics. The document also discusses needle bounce, positive needle control, and the Cadratex unit for controlling fabric tube shape.
Interlock fabrics are a variation of rib knit construction where both sides of the fabric look identical due to a double knit construction. Interlock fabrics have identical appearances on the front and rear surfaces, making them double-sided. They are tightly knitted, giving a smooth surface and firm feel. Interlock fabrics have advanced dimensional stability and can stretch more in the lengthwise direction than widthwise. They provide better heat insulation than single knit fabrics due to an insulating layer of air between the front and rear surfaces.
This presentation discusses different types of weft knitting machines. It begins with an introduction to the presenter and defines the processes of weaving and knitting. It then describes the two main types of knitting technology as weft and warp knitting. Weft knitting machines are classified based on their frame design, number of needle beds, and the type of end product produced. Specific weft knitting machines - single jersey, rib, and interlock circular machines - are explained in detail, outlining their key features. Finally, the main parts of knitting machines such as needles, cams, sinkers, and dials are defined along with their functions in the knitting process.
This document discusses different types of weft knitting techniques. It describes the basic process of weft knitting where loops are formed across the width of fabric using a single thread. The main types discussed are plain/single jersey, purl, rib, and interlock fabrics. For each type, it provides details on how they are knitted, their properties and characteristics.
This document compares ring spinning and rotor spinning methods of yarn formation. It discusses that rotor spinning is a more recent method that omits the step of forming a roving. In rotor spinning, fibers are fed into a rotary beater and deposited onto the sides of a rotating disc called a rotor, where they are twisted without requiring package rotation. Rotor spinning allows for higher twisting speeds with lower power usage compared to ring spinning. It provides characteristics like higher productivity, larger sliver/package sizes, less power consumption, and more automation/flexibility. The document provides details on the parts of a rotor spinning machine and compares various parameters of ring-spun and rotor-spun yarns.
The document provides information about circular knitting machines. It defines knitting as transforming yarn into interlocking loops. Circular knitting creates seamless tubes using circular needles or machines. Machine parts include the frame, power supply, yarn feeding system, and quality control components. Circular knitting machines are used to produce fabrics for various garments and other materials. Modern machines feature computer controls to monitor functions like speed and stops.
This document discusses purl and interlock knit fabrics. It begins by defining purl fabric as having alternating knit and purl courses that create loops in opposite directions. Purl fabric is produced on special purl machines using double-headed needles that transfer between beds. Interlock fabric is made from two interlocked 1x1 rib structures that create a reversible fabric with technical faces on both sides. Interlock is produced on circular or flatbed machines using long and short needles and two feeders to knit separate half courses. Examples of applications for each fabric type are given.
This document discusses various aspects of knitting science, including how loop length controls fabric dimensions and properties. It establishes three basic laws governing knitted structure: that loop length is fundamental, loop shape determines dimensions, and the relationship between shape and length can be expressed in equations. Other topics covered include how warp let-off, fabric relaxation and shrinkage, knitted fabric geometry, tightness factor, and robbing back can all influence knitted fabrics. The document also discusses needle bounce, positive needle control, and the Cadratex unit for controlling fabric tube shape.
Interlock fabrics are a variation of rib knit construction where both sides of the fabric look identical due to a double knit construction. Interlock fabrics have identical appearances on the front and rear surfaces, making them double-sided. They are tightly knitted, giving a smooth surface and firm feel. Interlock fabrics have advanced dimensional stability and can stretch more in the lengthwise direction than widthwise. They provide better heat insulation than single knit fabrics due to an insulating layer of air between the front and rear surfaces.
This presentation discusses different types of weft knitting machines. It begins with an introduction to the presenter and defines the processes of weaving and knitting. It then describes the two main types of knitting technology as weft and warp knitting. Weft knitting machines are classified based on their frame design, number of needle beds, and the type of end product produced. Specific weft knitting machines - single jersey, rib, and interlock circular machines - are explained in detail, outlining their key features. Finally, the main parts of knitting machines such as needles, cams, sinkers, and dials are defined along with their functions in the knitting process.
This document discusses different types of weft knitting techniques. It describes the basic process of weft knitting where loops are formed across the width of fabric using a single thread. The main types discussed are plain/single jersey, purl, rib, and interlock fabrics. For each type, it provides details on how they are knitted, their properties and characteristics.
This document compares ring spinning and rotor spinning methods of yarn formation. It discusses that rotor spinning is a more recent method that omits the step of forming a roving. In rotor spinning, fibers are fed into a rotary beater and deposited onto the sides of a rotating disc called a rotor, where they are twisted without requiring package rotation. Rotor spinning allows for higher twisting speeds with lower power usage compared to ring spinning. It provides characteristics like higher productivity, larger sliver/package sizes, less power consumption, and more automation/flexibility. The document provides details on the parts of a rotor spinning machine and compares various parameters of ring-spun and rotor-spun yarns.
Warp knitting is a method of knitting where loops are formed vertically along the length of fabric from warp yarns. There are several types of warp knitting including tricot, raschel, and milanese knits. Tricot knits use compound needles and are used for fabrics like lingerie, loungewear, and uniforms. Raschel knits use latch needles and heavier yarns, producing more textured fabrics for applications like carpets, home textiles, and outerwear. Milanese knits form diagonal patterns and are often made from filament yarns into lightweight fabrics.
This document provides information about the single jersey knitting machine used in the Fabric Manufacturing Technology Lab. It describes the key parts of the machine including the latch needles, cams, sinkers, cylinder, creel, and yarn path. It also provides specifications for the cylinder such as a diameter of 15 inches and gauge of 25. The machine produces plain knitted fabrics and the document aims to provide an understanding of how a single jersey machine functions.
This document summarizes an experiment calculating the production capacity of a circular knitting machine. It provides equations for calculating the total fabric length, width, and production capacity based on machine parameters like diameter, gauge, speed, and fabric properties like weight and construction. When the equations are applied to a machine with a 23" diameter, 24 gauge, 35 RPM speed, and producing a 160 gsm plain single jersey fabric, the results show a production capacity of 63 meters of fabric per hour that is 1.33 meters wide, for a total production of 13.4 kg per hour or 107.2 kg per shift.
This document discusses the rotor spinning process. It begins by describing the basic principle of open-end yarn formation and the different types of open-end spinning processes. It then provides details on the specific features, principles, and settings of rotor spinning machines. This includes descriptions of the feed, sliver opening, fiber transport, yarn formation, and winding processes. It discusses the raw material requirements and preparation for rotor spinning. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the rotor spinning process from fiber preparation through yarn formation and winding.
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
2. This allows multiphase looms to achieve 3 to 4 times higher productivity compared to single-phase looms when weaving simple standard fabrics.
3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
This document provides the calculations to determine the daily production rate of a knitting machine given various machine specifications and operating parameters. It first calculates the production rate of a single machine as 4.97 kg/day with 54 feeders. It then scales this up to the total production rate across all feeders of 228.123 kg/day at 85% efficiency. It also provides an alternative calculation method reaching the same result and examples for calculating production rates using different machine specifications.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
The document discusses various aspects of automatic loom mechanisms, including:
1. It describes different types of weft replenishment mechanisms like mechanical, electrical, and photoelectric feelers and how they work to automatically detect when the weft yarn is running low and trigger a change.
2. It explains different weft patterning motions like weft mixing, drop box, and circular box motions that allow inserting different weft yarns to create patterns.
3. It provides details on how circular box and weft mixing motions work through lever mechanisms to rotate the boxes and change the inserted weft yarn every other pick.
This presentation discusses yarn geometry and various types of yarns. It defines textiles and yarn, and classifies yarns into continuous filament, staple, core spun, novelty, stretch, and high bulk yarns. It describes the properties, structures, and manufacturing processes of these different yarns. The presentation also covers yarn designation, ideal yarn properties, fiber packing in yarns, optimum twist factor, twist contraction, and the basic geometry of twisted yarns.
The document describes an overlock machine, which is a specialized sewing machine used to finish fabric edges and seams. It can produce stitches at speeds up to 5000 stitches per minute. The overlock machine makes stitches using 1-5 threads depending on the number of needles and loopers. Common stitch types include 3-thread, 4-thread, and 5-thread overlocks. Key features of the overlock machine include its differential feed system and ability to stretch stitching up to 300%. Problems with thread chains are addressed through the use of a backlatcher or chain cutting device.
This document summarizes the differences between feeder stripes, engineering stripes, and auto stripes in knitted fabrics. It explains that:
Feeder stripes are small repeating patterns less than 1.9 inches that can be produced on most circular knitting machines at low cost. Engineering stripes are large non-repeating patterns across the whole garment produced using special finger devices that increase costs. Auto stripes are repeating patterns greater than 1.9 inches that require computers and special finger machines, resulting in higher costs than feeder stripes. The document also discusses when auto stripes are needed over feeder stripes and the invention of multi-feeder machines to reduce auto stripe machine use.
This document discusses the rapier loom and rapier weaving. It begins by defining a rapier loom as one that uses a rapier to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single or double rapier system. It then describes the key components and functioning of single and double rigid and flexible rapier systems. It also discusses different weft insertion principles like Dewas and Gabler systems as well as rapier drives, features of modern rapier looms, selvedge formation, weft insertion rates, and equations for calculating weaving production rates.
Knitting Technology | Study On Knitting Technology | Sweater/ V-bed Flat Knit...Md Rakibul Hassan
This document discusses knitting technology and the features of V-bed flat knitting machines. It describes two types of knitwear production: cut and sewing, and fully fashioned. Fully fashioned knitwear shapes portions of the garment during knitting by increasing or decreasing loops along the selvedges. A V-bed flat knitting machine has two stationary needle beds and uses latch needles. Different fabrics like single jersey, ribbing, and cardigan stitches can be produced by activating different needle bed cams. Shaping is done through widening by adding needles or narrowing by removing needles to transfer loops.
FAST is a fabric testing system developed by CSIRO in Australia. It consists of four instruments (FAST 1-3) and one test (FAST 4) to predict how fabrics will perform when made into garments. The instruments measure properties like thickness, bending, extension, and stability. Results are plotted to create a "fabric fingerprint" showing suitability for intended use. Unlike other systems, FAST is cheaper, simpler, and better for industrial use.
The document discusses multiphase weaving machines. It describes two principles of multiphase weaving: the filling direction shed wave principle and the warp direction shed wave principle. The filling direction principle involves forming multiple sheds in the filling direction to allow simultaneous insertion of multiple wefts. The warp direction principle involves opening multiple sheds simultaneously across the warp width. It then focuses on the M8300 multiphase weaving machine, which uses the warp direction principle to insert 4 picks simultaneously at speeds over 5000 m/min, significantly faster than single phase machines.
Feeder stripe, Engineering stripe and Auto stripe mechanismAzmir Latif Beg
Auto stripe machine give stable structure with auto-stripper device, which could get various colors. Auto stripe & Engineering is commonly mark in use that does not goes with their definition. Today I will discuss regarding knit stripe patter.
VDQ pulley (Variable Dia for Quality Pulley): It is a very important part of the machine. It controls the quality of the product. Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric.
stiffness,Handle,Drape properties of fabric ,Fabric property TTQC-2AtiqFaysal
This presentation discusses the stiffness, handle, and drape properties of fabrics. It will cover stiffness and how it is tested using machines like the Shirley Stiffness tester. It will also discuss fabric handle properties, the factors that influence handle, and how to measure drape properties using a drape tester to determine the drape coefficient. Relevant apparatus and testing procedures will be explained.
The document discusses knitting, which is a process of creating fabric or other crafts from loops of yarn or thread. It begins by acknowledging those who helped with a knitting project. It then defines knitting, compares it to weaving, discusses characteristics of knitted fabrics and common defects. The document outlines the formation of a knit stitch, describes warp and weft knitting structures, and discusses different knitting machines and methods.
Warp knitting is a method of knitting where loops are formed vertically along the length of fabric from warp yarns. There are several types of warp knitting including tricot, raschel, and milanese knits. Tricot knits use compound needles and are used for fabrics like lingerie, loungewear, and uniforms. Raschel knits use latch needles and heavier yarns, producing more textured fabrics for applications like carpets, home textiles, and outerwear. Milanese knits form diagonal patterns and are often made from filament yarns into lightweight fabrics.
This document provides information about the single jersey knitting machine used in the Fabric Manufacturing Technology Lab. It describes the key parts of the machine including the latch needles, cams, sinkers, cylinder, creel, and yarn path. It also provides specifications for the cylinder such as a diameter of 15 inches and gauge of 25. The machine produces plain knitted fabrics and the document aims to provide an understanding of how a single jersey machine functions.
This document summarizes an experiment calculating the production capacity of a circular knitting machine. It provides equations for calculating the total fabric length, width, and production capacity based on machine parameters like diameter, gauge, speed, and fabric properties like weight and construction. When the equations are applied to a machine with a 23" diameter, 24 gauge, 35 RPM speed, and producing a 160 gsm plain single jersey fabric, the results show a production capacity of 63 meters of fabric per hour that is 1.33 meters wide, for a total production of 13.4 kg per hour or 107.2 kg per shift.
This document discusses the rotor spinning process. It begins by describing the basic principle of open-end yarn formation and the different types of open-end spinning processes. It then provides details on the specific features, principles, and settings of rotor spinning machines. This includes descriptions of the feed, sliver opening, fiber transport, yarn formation, and winding processes. It discusses the raw material requirements and preparation for rotor spinning. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the rotor spinning process from fiber preparation through yarn formation and winding.
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
2. This allows multiphase looms to achieve 3 to 4 times higher productivity compared to single-phase looms when weaving simple standard fabrics.
3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
This document provides the calculations to determine the daily production rate of a knitting machine given various machine specifications and operating parameters. It first calculates the production rate of a single machine as 4.97 kg/day with 54 feeders. It then scales this up to the total production rate across all feeders of 228.123 kg/day at 85% efficiency. It also provides an alternative calculation method reaching the same result and examples for calculating production rates using different machine specifications.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
The document discusses various aspects of automatic loom mechanisms, including:
1. It describes different types of weft replenishment mechanisms like mechanical, electrical, and photoelectric feelers and how they work to automatically detect when the weft yarn is running low and trigger a change.
2. It explains different weft patterning motions like weft mixing, drop box, and circular box motions that allow inserting different weft yarns to create patterns.
3. It provides details on how circular box and weft mixing motions work through lever mechanisms to rotate the boxes and change the inserted weft yarn every other pick.
This presentation discusses yarn geometry and various types of yarns. It defines textiles and yarn, and classifies yarns into continuous filament, staple, core spun, novelty, stretch, and high bulk yarns. It describes the properties, structures, and manufacturing processes of these different yarns. The presentation also covers yarn designation, ideal yarn properties, fiber packing in yarns, optimum twist factor, twist contraction, and the basic geometry of twisted yarns.
The document describes an overlock machine, which is a specialized sewing machine used to finish fabric edges and seams. It can produce stitches at speeds up to 5000 stitches per minute. The overlock machine makes stitches using 1-5 threads depending on the number of needles and loopers. Common stitch types include 3-thread, 4-thread, and 5-thread overlocks. Key features of the overlock machine include its differential feed system and ability to stretch stitching up to 300%. Problems with thread chains are addressed through the use of a backlatcher or chain cutting device.
This document summarizes the differences between feeder stripes, engineering stripes, and auto stripes in knitted fabrics. It explains that:
Feeder stripes are small repeating patterns less than 1.9 inches that can be produced on most circular knitting machines at low cost. Engineering stripes are large non-repeating patterns across the whole garment produced using special finger devices that increase costs. Auto stripes are repeating patterns greater than 1.9 inches that require computers and special finger machines, resulting in higher costs than feeder stripes. The document also discusses when auto stripes are needed over feeder stripes and the invention of multi-feeder machines to reduce auto stripe machine use.
This document discusses the rapier loom and rapier weaving. It begins by defining a rapier loom as one that uses a rapier to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single or double rapier system. It then describes the key components and functioning of single and double rigid and flexible rapier systems. It also discusses different weft insertion principles like Dewas and Gabler systems as well as rapier drives, features of modern rapier looms, selvedge formation, weft insertion rates, and equations for calculating weaving production rates.
Knitting Technology | Study On Knitting Technology | Sweater/ V-bed Flat Knit...Md Rakibul Hassan
This document discusses knitting technology and the features of V-bed flat knitting machines. It describes two types of knitwear production: cut and sewing, and fully fashioned. Fully fashioned knitwear shapes portions of the garment during knitting by increasing or decreasing loops along the selvedges. A V-bed flat knitting machine has two stationary needle beds and uses latch needles. Different fabrics like single jersey, ribbing, and cardigan stitches can be produced by activating different needle bed cams. Shaping is done through widening by adding needles or narrowing by removing needles to transfer loops.
FAST is a fabric testing system developed by CSIRO in Australia. It consists of four instruments (FAST 1-3) and one test (FAST 4) to predict how fabrics will perform when made into garments. The instruments measure properties like thickness, bending, extension, and stability. Results are plotted to create a "fabric fingerprint" showing suitability for intended use. Unlike other systems, FAST is cheaper, simpler, and better for industrial use.
The document discusses multiphase weaving machines. It describes two principles of multiphase weaving: the filling direction shed wave principle and the warp direction shed wave principle. The filling direction principle involves forming multiple sheds in the filling direction to allow simultaneous insertion of multiple wefts. The warp direction principle involves opening multiple sheds simultaneously across the warp width. It then focuses on the M8300 multiphase weaving machine, which uses the warp direction principle to insert 4 picks simultaneously at speeds over 5000 m/min, significantly faster than single phase machines.
Feeder stripe, Engineering stripe and Auto stripe mechanismAzmir Latif Beg
Auto stripe machine give stable structure with auto-stripper device, which could get various colors. Auto stripe & Engineering is commonly mark in use that does not goes with their definition. Today I will discuss regarding knit stripe patter.
VDQ pulley (Variable Dia for Quality Pulley): It is a very important part of the machine. It controls the quality of the product. Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric.
stiffness,Handle,Drape properties of fabric ,Fabric property TTQC-2AtiqFaysal
This presentation discusses the stiffness, handle, and drape properties of fabrics. It will cover stiffness and how it is tested using machines like the Shirley Stiffness tester. It will also discuss fabric handle properties, the factors that influence handle, and how to measure drape properties using a drape tester to determine the drape coefficient. Relevant apparatus and testing procedures will be explained.
The document discusses knitting, which is a process of creating fabric or other crafts from loops of yarn or thread. It begins by acknowledging those who helped with a knitting project. It then defines knitting, compares it to weaving, discusses characteristics of knitted fabrics and common defects. The document outlines the formation of a knit stitch, describes warp and weft knitting structures, and discusses different knitting machines and methods.
Warp knitting and crochet machines are used to produce a huge range of warp knitted fabrics (warp knits) for clothing, household textiles and technical textiles. Warp knitting machines are either single needle bar machines or double needlebar machines and are available in a wide range of gauges and widths, Modern machines are electronically controlled in terms of patterning, beam let-off and fabric take-up.
This document provides an overview of flat bed weft knitting machines. It describes the key components of single and double bed machines, including the needle, cam carriage, and methods of knit, tuck, and float stitch formation. It also summarizes computerized flat bed knitting machines, explaining their control system, input/output components, and programming capabilities.
Weaving is a method of fabric production that involves interlacing two sets of threads perpendicular to each other at right angles. Various Philippine ethnic groups produce distinctive textiles using weaving techniques and natural dyes. Ikat weaving involves resist dyeing the warp or weft threads before weaving to create patterns, while fabrics from Kalinga, Bontoc, and other groups feature geometric designs and nature motifs woven with cotton, abaca, or other fibers.
Woven fabric is produced by interlacing warp threads that run lengthwise with weft threads that run across. The appearance and properties of woven fabric depend on yarn structure and fabric structure. There are four basic fabric parameters: thread count, yarn diameter, yarn bending, and weaving order. Weaving involves repeatedly raising warp yarns with harnesses to make a shed, inserting the weft through with a shuttle or rapier, and firmly beating it into place with a reed. Modern looms use rapier or projectile picking for higher speeds.
This document describes a study that uses support vector machines for feature selection from 2D gas chromatography (GC×GC) images of Chinese herb samples. The study aims to improve classification and clustering of the herb data. It finds that selecting prominent patterns from the GC×GC images via linear SVM leads to better classification accuracy compared to using the full dataset, and improves clustering performance compared to using the raw 2D GC data, as shown by PCA analysis. Feature selection reduces computational complexity while retaining important distinguishing characteristics for analysis.
The document discusses different patterns for responsive web design (RWD), also known as multi-device layout (MDL). It defines RWD as websites that respond to different screen sizes, platforms, and orientations. The document then describes some common RWD patterns like the mostly fluid pattern, column drop pattern, layout shifter pattern, tiny tweaks pattern, and off canvas pattern. It notes that patterns are still evolving and provides additional resources on the topic.
Weaving involves interlacing two sets of threads at right angles to form a fabric. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the horizontal threads are called the weft. Cloth is woven on a loom, which holds the warp in place while the weft is woven through. There are several basic weaves like plain weave, twill, and satin weave that are modifications of more ancient weaves. Weaving techniques have evolved over time, from simple looms like backstrap looms to more advanced looms like drawlooms and jacquard looms that allow for complex pattern weaving.
This document contains a list of 10 numbers ranging from 247 to 279 that appear to be sizes for the item "Cardigan". The list includes size numbers that are fairly close in value, suggesting they could be clothing sizes for a cardigan sweater available in different sizes.
Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of the fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"). For comparison, knitting across the width of the fabric is called weft knitting.Warp knitting machines--needles are mounted collectively and rigidly in a horizontal metal bar (the needle bar that runs the full knitting width of the machine).
This document discusses positive yarn feeding systems and how they affect fabric quality. It provides information on different types of positive yarn feeding systems including tape feed mechanisms and storage feeders. Positive yarn feeding helps control fabric properties and quality by providing uniform yarn tension and detecting faults before knitting. Modern systems use microprocessors and pre-calculated yarn requirements to precisely control yarn delivery. While positive feeding improves quality, it can also cause yarn breakage issues which manufacturers work to overcome through innovations like ceramic coated feed wheels.
This document discusses web analytics and search optimization. It provides examples of the types of data that web analytics can track, such as visitor numbers, location, referral sources, and site behavior. The document emphasizes that analytics data needs context to be useful and gives tips for using keywords strategically and making a site more findable to move metrics like conversions and referrals.
This document summarizes the components and functions of a semi jacquard knitting machine. The main cylinder has 39 pegs where the top 3 are fixed and the remaining 36 control individual needles to produce designs in courses of up to 36 wales. Each peg box acts as a feeder to produce a single course. The 38 pegs have left and right sides, and as the cylinder rotates anti-clockwise, the needles are engaged with the pegs on the left side first to knit loops or create misses and tucks based on which pegs are pressed.
This document provides resources and tutorials for digital storytelling. It includes:
- A wiki with copyright-friendly images, audio, video editors, storytelling examples, and more.
- Tips for using programs like iMovie and Windows Movie Maker to remove audio from videos and record narration.
- Ideas for different types of digital stories and ways to scaffold storytelling skills for students.
- Step-by-step instructions for creating digital stories with Photo Story and Movie Maker using Discovery Education videos.
The document outlines the sweater production process which includes:
1. Knitting the panels (front, back, sleeve) using computerized or hand knitting machines.
2. Dyeing and winding the yarn before knitting.
3. Linking the panels together to form a garment.
4. Inspecting the garment after linking and then sending it for washing and finishing.
5. Final inspection, pressing and packing the sweaters for shipment.
This document discusses the application of computers in the textile industry. It provides examples of how computers are used at various stages of the textile design and manufacturing process, including for research, design, production, distribution, and sales. Key applications mentioned include CAD for design, CAM for production control, and CIM for integrated manufacturing support. The roles of word processors, spreadsheets, graphs, and digital photography in design are also summarized.
Spinning sector of pakistan Faisal and Reliance mills analysisMaryam Rajpoot
This document provides an analysis of the financial statements of two spinning companies in Pakistan - Faisal Spinning Mills Limited and Reliance Cotton Spinning Mills Limited - over a six year period from 2009-2014.
For Faisal Spinning Mills, various liquidity, activity, leverage and profitability ratios are calculated from the financial statements and trends are examined. The analysis finds that the company has improved its liquidity and maintained average or close to average ratios for activity, leverage and profitability.
Reliance Cotton Spinning Mills is also analyzed using financial ratios calculated from its statements. Cumulative industry analysis is presented and recommendations are provided. The document concludes with references used.
Electronic Jacquard machine Manufacturer Hangzhou Wumu Technology Co.,Ltd.Stephanie hu
This document provides information about electronic jacquard machines and related software and controllers. It describes several models of electronic jacquard machines, including their main technical specifications and applications. It also summarizes jacquard CAD software that is used for fabric design, and loom controllers that control various types of looms. The document is from a company that manufactures and sells these electronic jacquard and weaving products.
The document discusses the carding process which involves opening, cleaning and assembling fibers into a sliver through different sections of a carding machine like feed, licker-in, cylinder and doffer. It explains the objectives, necessities and zones of carding along with details of components like types of clothing, their functioning and settings that are important for quality carding. The document also covers developments in carding technology and types of drives used in modern carding machines.
The document discusses the application of robotics in the textile industry. It describes how industrial robots are being used for various tasks like bale handling, yarn splicing, auto cone changing, auto doffing, garment folding and packing, embroidery, fabric testing, and welding. The use of robots improves productivity, reduces costs and cycle times, improves product quality and safety, and increases efficiency. However, robots also have disadvantages like high costs, requirement of experts for maintenance, and potential threats to employment. Overall, robotics is helping to improve various operations in the textile industry.
This presentation summarizes automation in the weaving process. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including introductions to automation, how it is applied to weaving, machine requirements, demands on automation, and benefits. Key features of automation solutions for weaving are digitizing artwork, analyzing fabric faults with X-rays, controlling multiple looms from one computer, designing jacquard patterns digitally, and monitoring processes on looms. Automation is important for the weaving sector to increase efficiency and quality while reducing costs. The presentation concludes that automation allows weaving to be done at higher speeds with more intricate patterns and less downtime between styles.
This presentation summarizes automation in the weaving process. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including introductions to automation, how it is applied to weaving, machine requirements, demands on automation, and benefits. Key features of automation solutions for weaving are digitizing artwork, analyzing fabric faults with X-rays, controlling multiple looms from one computer, designing jacquard patterns digitally, and monitoring processes on looms. Automation is important for the weaving sector to increase efficiency and quality while reducing costs. The presentation concludes that automation allows weaving to be conducted at higher speeds with more intricate patterns and reduced downtime between styles.
The document discusses computer aided fabric manufacturing. It begins by providing background on the textile industry and how automation has occurred across various textile processes. It then discusses several key aspects of computer aided manufacturing that have been applied to the textile industry, including CAD/CAM, CNC machines, flexible manufacturing systems, and loom data monitoring systems. The document focuses on how these computer systems have automated and improved various stages of fabric production, especially weaving, allowing for higher productivity, reduced costs, and improved quality control.
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Electronic controls in knitting
1. BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY
ETHIOPIAN INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE AND
FASHION TECHNOLOGY
EiTEX
Advanced Knitted Fabric Manufacturing
seminar on
Electronic Controls in warp and weft knitting.
Prepared By: Biruk Fentahun
Submitted To: Dr. Kaathirrvelu (Prof )
Juan/2015
1
2. contents
1. Introduction
2. Advantages of electronic control and programming
3. Application areas of electronics in knitting
4. Microprocessors and computers
5. computerized knitting machine
2
3. Introduction
• Initially Knitting machines have developed
with mechanically controlled and operated
movements.
• requirements of modern knitting technology,
however, emphasize on limitations of
mechanical movements which are expensive
to manufacture, slow and cumbersome in
operation, difficult to adjust or alter, and
subject to friction and wear.
3
4. Cont…
Mechanical pattern and
programming data for
controlling knitting machines is
stored in the form of
punched cards, chains, rack-
wheels, peg drums, and element
butt arrangements.
expensive in material, bulky in space on machine or
in storage, time-consuming to handle and alter, slow
in operation, and provide restricted facilities.
4
5. Advantages of electronic control and programming
convenient power-supply, compatibility with existing mechanical
components
do not require to be of a size proportionate to their task or to operate on a
one-to-one relationship with it.
Electronic selection or machine control is compatible with higher running
speeds and eliminates complex mechanical arrangements, thus reducing
supervisory requirements.
provides greater versatility as regards design parameters,
Simplifies modification of repeat sequences and size, style and pattern-
changing operations
Less response time
Very high capacity
Highly sensitive
Automatic monitoring
High adjusting facility
Easy to transport
Less power consumption
5
6. compatibility of electronic signals and knitting data
• Electronic devices process information as binary digital logic
signals that exist in two states, ON or OFF. directly translated
as 1 or 0, YES or NO, TRUE or FALSE, or magnetic ATTRACTION
or REPULSION.
• This information can just as conveniently be translated into
knitting states such as KNIT or TUCK, TUCK or MISS.
• The binary digits can be arranged in the form of a programme
where they can be encoded and converted into symbols to
compose, for example, a knitting design or a machine
programme.
6
7. Fields of applications Electronics in knitting
● Stop motions
● Yarn feed system
● Course and stitch length
● Yarn tension
● Pattern selection
● Stripping
● Shaping of product
● Monitoring of various motions and settings
● Cylinder temperature and oil pressure
● Online quality measurement and control
● Operational data acquisition
● Preparation of design and knitting pattern (CAD)
● Production of knitted structures (CAM)
7
8. Microprocessors and computers
The most important use of electronics is in microprocessor
and computer systems.
A computer can receive, store, retrieve, and communicate
enormous quantities of information at phenomenal speeds.
It can also manipulate, rearrange, select, and transform this
information. It performs arithmetical or logical processes
accurately at high speed after receiving the instructions
(programm) and values (data) without the need for further
intervention by the operator.
Flexibility in processing of data b/c system can be
programmed to produce YES or NO decisions, based on the
result of comparing and testing monitored data, that then
determine the choice of two alternative courses of action in
the program of the system. These alternative courses
within the main program sequence may include counted
loop sequences, branching or jumping out of the main
sequence, and selection of stored sub-routines.
8
9. Cont…
It is these facilities that give electronically-
controlled knitting pattern preparation and
needle selection their extensive capabilities as
compared with previously available methods.
Although it is possible to directly program a
system using switches, a matrix board, a
keyboard or another input device, the processor
(and probably the knitting machine) will be held
waiting during this time-consuming operation.
It is therefore preferable to record the program
and data in an auxiliary memory store such as a
tape or disc.
9
10. computerized knitting machine
electronically-controlled knitting machine can be part of a network
of management communication links.
Electronics increasing automatic monitoring and adjustment
facilities provided by microprocessor control on modern machines
obviates the need for continual manual attention.
Perhaps electronics has had its greatest impact in V-bed flat
knitting, as a major factor in the successful development of shaping
techniques .
Electronics is also increasingly being employed in ‘intelligent’ stop
motions, yarn feed systems, the design and preparation of knitting
patterns, machine function control, pattern selection and striping.
Knitting patterns and programmes are
quickly generated using automatic
routines. These are checked and can be
transmitted on-line to the CMS knitting
machine. Simultaneous monitoring of
production can also be achieved
10
11. C.M.C machine
first knitting machine with an integrated computer
controlled carriage driving system. With this system it is
neither compulsory to move the carriage from one side of
the needle bed to the other, nor is it necessary to drive it in
a constant reciprocating movement.
According to knitting programme, carriage can be moved to
any location along the needle bed and reciprocate over a
varying number of needles for as many courses as are
required by the design.
When the knitting process for a certain area is completed,
the carriage can be driven in any direction to a new
location.
two main advantages of this system are:
• 1. Patterning scope is enlarged.
• 2. Productivity is improved to a high extent.
11
12. Stop motions
I To stop the machine when any yarn breaks
number of stop motions in a machine is equal to number of feeders, i.e.
presence of every feed yarn is individually detected and action is taken to stop
the machine when the same is either broken or subjected to very high tension
variation.
II. To stop the machine when loops of a needle are not cleared for a few
consecutive knitting cycles due to some other faults in the machine
fitted over needles maintaining a slight gap with cloth fell at a regular interval
on circular knitting machines.
knife just placed over cloth forming zone acts as a sensor.
The knife also opens and closes an electrical circuit according to its position.
During normal running of the machine, the knife keeps the relevant electrical
circuit open.
When due to some fault in the machine, a particular needle does not clear
loops for a few consecutive cycles, that zone of the fabric is raised and pushes
the knife above it. This up position of the knife closes the relevant electrical
circuit and stops the machine.
12
13. Yarn feeding
• Positive Feeding – In case of positive feeding,
yarn is first measured according to requirement
and then supplied to the needle or knitting
zone.
• This technique makes it possible to supply
equal length of yarn in all the feeds and
maintain uniform tension of the input yarn. As
a result uniform loop length and better quality
of fabric are obtained.
13
15. Electronic needle selection
Used both warp and weft knitting.
Electro-magnetic needle selection -an electronic impulse is used to energize an electro-
magnet which ultimately selects and determines position of needle during loop formation.
input to electro-magnets- supplied in various forms including latest CD drive.
Electro-magnetic needle selection is now available on many types of knitting machines
first commercially used on circular rib jacquard machines
The electronic impulse that energizes an electromagnet is usually assisted by the field of a
permanent magnet, and the minute selection movement is then magnified by mechanical
means.
If all needles, or a block of needles, were to be simultaneously selected, each would require
its own actuator. It is much cheaper to select the needles at a single selection position in
serial formation, using between one and six actuators, although the time interval between
each selection impulse is shorter.
• Many of the modern electronic selection units are now mono-system, i.e. the selection butt
position for each needle is at the same height, so the time interval between each selection
impulse is the time between one needle and the next passing the selection position. The
selection speed can be as fast as 6000 needles per second.
• These selection units are very compact and can now be fitted into the dials of large-diameter
circular machines for dial needle selection in addition to cylinder needle selection
15
17. Needle selection shaping
selvedge needle(s) is introduced or withdrawn from the knitting
width by means of needle selection.
It is more convenient on automatic V-bed flat machines to employ
the jacquard selection to introduce empty needles for widening and
to take needles out of action for narrowing
(i) by transferring and re-transferring rib loops in conjunction with
needle bed racking,
(ii) by pressing-off loops, or
(iii) by causing needles to hold their loops for large numbers of
traverses
It is even possible to introduce or remove a selvedge needle from
knitting action during tubular plain knitting on a V-bed flat machine,
thus achieving a certain amount of shape in the tube.
full shaping potential of the V-bed flat machine can only be
exploited if the conventional roller take-down system is replaced by
an arrangement capable of accommodating itself to varying rates of
production and fabric widths and even to separated garments or
garment pieces.
17
18. The shaping control programme-on flat knitting
• The shaping control programme needs to have
sufficient memory to include the data for all the parts
of a garment, whether integrally knitted or sequentially
knitted shaped-pieces, in the complete range of sizes.
• Shaping in width can only be achieved on machines
freed from the constraints of constant-width traverse.
• On electronic machines, computer is linked to cam-
carriage whose variable traverse and speed is driven
from a belt. The traverse distance is varied by the belt
drive, which transports the yarn carriers so that they
follow the selvedge edge.
18
19. Control of the fabric during knitting
• take-down rollers and cloth winder are driven separately by an electric
motor
• cloth passing through nip of take-down rollers is wound on the cloth
roller.
• cloth roller is driven by take-down rollers through gear arrangement. The
take down tension or the surface speed of the take down rollers can be
sensed and adjusted. with the help of facility available in the control p
19
20. Cont…
On flat knitting
• Shima have a new computer-controlled pull-down
system for their FIRST Whole-Garment machines.
• front and back of garment each has a separate
takedown panel of tiny pins, each section of
which can be individually controlled for specific
tension.
• This results in a more dimensionally-accurate
garment; for example by allowing shoulder lines
for set-in sleeves to be positioned over the
shoulders and towards the back.
20
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