Raster scan systems use a video controller to control the display device and refresh the screen. The video controller is given direct access to a frame buffer in system memory. It refreshes the screen by incrementing through pixel coordinates stored in the frame buffer and using the stored intensity values to set the intensity of each pixel on the CRT monitor. More advanced systems use separate display processors and multiple frame buffers to speed up processing and enable real-time animation.
The document describes the components and operation of a raster scan graphics display system. A video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It performs operations like retrieving pixel intensities from different memory areas and using two frame buffers to allow refreshing one screen while filling the other for animation. A raster scan display processor can digitize graphics into pixel intensities for storage in the frame buffer to offload this processing from the CPU.
Raster scan systems with video controller and display processorhemanth kumar
The document describes how a raster scan display system works with a video controller. The video controller retrieves intensity values from a frame buffer area of memory and displays them on the screen line by line at a refresh rate of 50 times per second. It uses registers to store pixel coordinates and accesses the frame buffer to display the pixels. For color displays, it uses a lookup table to store RGB values and only needs to access the table index from the frame buffer for each pixel.
In a raster scan system, the electron beam scans across rows of the screen from top to bottom, turning intensity on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The image definition is stored in a refresh buffer memory that holds intensity values for screen points. In a random scan system, an application and graphics package are stored in memory, and graphics commands are translated into a display file that a display processor accesses to refresh the screen. Graphics patterns are drawn by directing the electron beam along picture lines one at a time, positioning it between coordinate-defined endpoints to fill each line.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time, turning the beam on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The intensity values for each screen point are stored in a refresh buffer and then retrieved to paint the image on the screen. Refresh rates are typically 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives and store picture definitions as drawing commands in a refresh display file. Color CRT monitors use either beam penetration or a shadow mask method to display color images by emitting light from red, green, and blue phosphor dots.
Raster scan systems use a video controller to refresh the screen by accessing pixels stored in a frame buffer in memory. The video controller uses two registers to iterate through each pixel location, retrieving the pixel value and using it to set the intensity of the CRT beam. It draws one scan line at a time from top to bottom until the entire screen is refreshed at a rate of 60 frames per second. Display processors can offload graphics processing tasks from the CPU by performing operations like scan conversion and generating lines and color areas to draw objects in the frame buffer.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time from top to bottom, turning the beam's intensity on and off to create illuminated spots. This allows the display to store an entire frame of picture data in a frame buffer memory. Raster scanning is well suited for realistic scenes like television and refreshes at 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where a picture element needs to be drawn, storing pictures as a set of line drawing commands rather than a frame buffer. It is better for applications like plotters that draw individual lines.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
In a raster scan display, the screen is divided into a grid of pixels that are scanned line by line from top to bottom. Each pixel is either on or off, controlled by values stored in a frame buffer. The electron beam scans across each line from left to right, then returns to the left side to draw the next line, in a process called horizontal retrace. After completing the frame, the beam returns to the top left corner for the next frame during vertical retrace. Interlacing displays every other line to reduce flicker.
The document describes the components and operation of a raster scan graphics display system. A video controller accesses a frame buffer in system memory to refresh the screen. It performs operations like retrieving pixel intensities from different memory areas and using two frame buffers to allow refreshing one screen while filling the other for animation. A raster scan display processor can digitize graphics into pixel intensities for storage in the frame buffer to offload this processing from the CPU.
Raster scan systems with video controller and display processorhemanth kumar
The document describes how a raster scan display system works with a video controller. The video controller retrieves intensity values from a frame buffer area of memory and displays them on the screen line by line at a refresh rate of 50 times per second. It uses registers to store pixel coordinates and accesses the frame buffer to display the pixels. For color displays, it uses a lookup table to store RGB values and only needs to access the table index from the frame buffer for each pixel.
In a raster scan system, the electron beam scans across rows of the screen from top to bottom, turning intensity on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The image definition is stored in a refresh buffer memory that holds intensity values for screen points. In a random scan system, an application and graphics package are stored in memory, and graphics commands are translated into a display file that a display processor accesses to refresh the screen. Graphics patterns are drawn by directing the electron beam along picture lines one at a time, positioning it between coordinate-defined endpoints to fill each line.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time, turning the beam on and off to illuminate spots and form an image. The intensity values for each screen point are stored in a refresh buffer and then retrieved to paint the image on the screen. Refresh rates are typically 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives and store picture definitions as drawing commands in a refresh display file. Color CRT monitors use either beam penetration or a shadow mask method to display color images by emitting light from red, green, and blue phosphor dots.
Raster scan systems use a video controller to refresh the screen by accessing pixels stored in a frame buffer in memory. The video controller uses two registers to iterate through each pixel location, retrieving the pixel value and using it to set the intensity of the CRT beam. It draws one scan line at a time from top to bottom until the entire screen is refreshed at a rate of 60 frames per second. Display processors can offload graphics processing tasks from the CPU by performing operations like scan conversion and generating lines and color areas to draw objects in the frame buffer.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen one row at a time from top to bottom, turning the beam's intensity on and off to create illuminated spots. This allows the display to store an entire frame of picture data in a frame buffer memory. Raster scanning is well suited for realistic scenes like television and refreshes at 60-80 frames per second. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where a picture element needs to be drawn, storing pictures as a set of line drawing commands rather than a frame buffer. It is better for applications like plotters that draw individual lines.
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
In a raster scan display, the screen is divided into a grid of pixels that are scanned line by line from top to bottom. Each pixel is either on or off, controlled by values stored in a frame buffer. The electron beam scans across each line from left to right, then returns to the left side to draw the next line, in a process called horizontal retrace. After completing the frame, the beam returns to the top left corner for the next frame during vertical retrace. Interlacing displays every other line to reduce flicker.
This document provides an overview of graphics systems including video display devices, input devices, and raster-scan systems. It describes cathode ray tube monitors as the primary output device and discusses raster-scan and random-scan display principles. Color CRT monitors use color phosphors and shadow masks or electron guns to produce color. Flat panel displays like plasma panels and LCDs are also covered. Common input devices include mice, keyboards, tablets, and touchscreens. Raster-scan systems use a frame buffer in video memory that is refreshed by a video controller to display an image on a monitor.
Raster scanning is a process used in television and computer graphics where an image is captured and reconstructed by systematically scanning across it in horizontal lines from top to bottom. Each line, called a scan line, is transmitted as an analog signal or divided into discrete pixels. Pixels are stored in a refresh buffer and then "painted" onto the screen one row at a time, with the beam returning to the left side during horizontal retrace and to the top left for vertical retrace between frames. Raster scanning provides realistic images but at the cost of lower resolution compared to random scanning systems.
This document discusses raster and random scan display technologies. It defines key concepts like pixels, aspect ratio, and frame buffers. Pixels make up raster images and are arranged in a grid, with more pixels providing higher resolution. A frame buffer is RAM that stores a bitmap driving a video display. Raster scan uses pixels along scan lines and has lower resolution but is less expensive than random scan, which uses mathematical equations to describe images and provides smoother lines but is more costly.
Raster and random scan display types of input devicesMani Kanth
The document discusses various input devices for computers. It describes keyboards as the most common input device for entering text into computers. Mice are described as the most popular pointing device, used to control cursor position and click on screen elements. Other input devices covered include joysticks for cursor positioning, light pens for screen selection, scanners for digitizing documents, microphones for sound input, bar code readers for scanning codes, and webcams for digital image capture.
Raster scan systems work like a television, using an electron beam to sweep horizontally across phosphors on the screen. As the beam reaches the right side, it retraces to the left before moving down to the next line. It paints every other line interlaced to refresh the screen 30 times per second. Progressive scan paints every line 60 times per second to reduce flicker, as used in computer monitors. Random scan directly draws points and lines in any order controlled by a display processor reading coordinates, allowing for high resolution, animation, and minimal memory use, but requiring an intelligent beam and limited screen density.
Raster scan displays have lower resolution than random scan displays because raster scan stores picture definition as intensity values along scan lines, while random scan stores pictures as line commands. Raster scan directs its electron beam from top to bottom across the entire screen one row at a time, making it less expensive than random scan which only draws required lines. However, random scan produces smoother lines and can provide more realistic displays through advanced techniques like shadows and hidden surfaces.
Random scan displays and raster scan displaysSomya Bagai
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
Raster scan displays use a sweeping electron beam to illuminate spots on the screen in a row-by-row fashion to generate an image. Intensity values for each pixel are stored in a refresh buffer and read out row-by-row to control the beam. Raster scan allows for photorealistic color images but requires high memory and has lower resolution than random scan displays.
Random scan displays draw images by directing the electron beam only to locations with picture elements, tracing out lines specified by commands in a refresh buffer. This allows for higher resolution with less memory usage but limits images to simple drawings with few colors.
This document discusses different types of CRT display systems. It describes Direct View Storage Tubes (DVST) which store images using a long persistence phosphor but cannot be updated quickly. Random scan/calligraphic displays draw lines in arbitrary order but must be refreshed at 30 Hz. Raster scan displays store images as a matrix of pixels in a refresh buffer and draw the entire screen sequentially one line at a time, allowing for animation and faster updating than DVST systems.
Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
The document discusses different types of graphics display systems including raster scan displays, random scan displays, and flat panel displays. It describes the key components of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays such as the electron gun and phosphor screen and how they generate images. It also covers color reproduction methods for CRTs like beam penetration and three color guns.
The document summarizes raster scan and random scan displays. Raster scan displays use an electron beam that sweeps across the screen from top to bottom to generate pixels based on values stored in a refresh buffer. Random scan displays directly draw images using an electron beam without a fixed pattern, storing only line drawing instructions. The key differences are that raster scan is used for realistic images due to storing intensity values while random scan has higher resolution but is limited to line drawings. Both use a cathode ray tube containing an electron gun, deflection coils, and phosphor screen.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
The document discusses different types of displays including emissive displays like CRTs and non-emissive displays like LCDs. It then provides details on how CRTs work including the electron gun, deflection coils, and phosphor screen. Key properties of CRTs are described such as resolution, refresh rate, and color reproduction using an electron gun and shadow mask arrangement. Raster scanning is introduced as the process of drawing the image line by line using a frame buffer and video controller. Color mapping with a lookup table is also summarized.
COLOR CRT MONITORS IN COMPUTER GRAPHICSnehrurevathy
1. Color CRT displays use phosphors and one of two methods - beam penetration or shadow mask - to generate colors.
2. The beam penetration method uses red and green phosphors and electron beam speed to produce four colors, while the shadow mask method uses three color phosphors and electron beam deflection through a shadow mask to generate millions of colors.
3. Flat panel displays like LCDs and plasma panels provide alternatives to CRTs with reduced size and power use, though early types had limitations in features like color capability.
Cathode ray tubes use an electron gun and fluorescent screen to create images through light emitted from the screen. An evacuated glass envelope contains the electron gun, which shoots electrons at the screen, causing phosphors to glow and form the image. Color CRTs use three electron guns and phosphors to produce red, green, and blue light, creating a full color image. While bulky and potentially hazardous, CRTs provide high quality images through superior color and contrast compared to other display technologies.
The document presents information on different types of display devices including CRT, LCD, plasma display, and LED displays. It discusses the key components, working principles, and properties of CRT and flat panel displays such as LCD, plasma, and LED displays. Advantages and disadvantages of different display technologies are also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of video display devices and color graphics technologies. It discusses raster scan displays, which refresh the screen by sweeping the electron beam across rows of pixels stored in a frame buffer. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where needed to draw lines, allowing higher resolution but not realistic images. Color CRT monitors use shadow mask or beam penetration methods, with the former allowing a wider range of colors by exciting red, green, and blue phosphor dots. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and being used in more portable applications.
Video monitors use cathode ray tubes to display output. In a cathode ray tube, an electron gun fires a beam of electrons that is focused and deflected to hit phosphor on the screen, causing it to glow. The beam rapidly redraws the image to keep the screen illuminated, in a process called refresh. Key components of the electron gun include a heated cathode that emits electrons, an accelerating anode that speeds up the electrons, and control and focusing systems that shape the beam. When electrons hit phosphor, their energy causes the phosphor to glow briefly.
The document discusses raster graphics and how images are displayed. It covers several topics:
1) Display hardware such as CRT, LCD, and other devices used to output images.
2) Raster graphics systems and how imaging systems are organized with a frame buffer and refresh rate.
3) Output primitives like points, lines, polygons that are used to describe shapes. It discusses algorithms for drawing lines like DDA and Bresenham.
4) Color models for representing and describing colors in raster graphics.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics hardware and software. It defines computer graphics as using a computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate and present pictorial output. The key hardware components discussed are display devices like CRT, LCD, and plasma displays. Software components include rendering primitives, algorithms for transformation and rasterization, and application programming interfaces that provide access to graphics hardware. The graphics rendering pipeline is described as the process of converting a 3D scene model into a 2D image through steps like modeling transformations, viewing transformations, projection, clipping and rasterization.
This document provides an overview of graphics systems including video display devices, input devices, and raster-scan systems. It describes cathode ray tube monitors as the primary output device and discusses raster-scan and random-scan display principles. Color CRT monitors use color phosphors and shadow masks or electron guns to produce color. Flat panel displays like plasma panels and LCDs are also covered. Common input devices include mice, keyboards, tablets, and touchscreens. Raster-scan systems use a frame buffer in video memory that is refreshed by a video controller to display an image on a monitor.
Raster scanning is a process used in television and computer graphics where an image is captured and reconstructed by systematically scanning across it in horizontal lines from top to bottom. Each line, called a scan line, is transmitted as an analog signal or divided into discrete pixels. Pixels are stored in a refresh buffer and then "painted" onto the screen one row at a time, with the beam returning to the left side during horizontal retrace and to the top left for vertical retrace between frames. Raster scanning provides realistic images but at the cost of lower resolution compared to random scanning systems.
This document discusses raster and random scan display technologies. It defines key concepts like pixels, aspect ratio, and frame buffers. Pixels make up raster images and are arranged in a grid, with more pixels providing higher resolution. A frame buffer is RAM that stores a bitmap driving a video display. Raster scan uses pixels along scan lines and has lower resolution but is less expensive than random scan, which uses mathematical equations to describe images and provides smoother lines but is more costly.
Raster and random scan display types of input devicesMani Kanth
The document discusses various input devices for computers. It describes keyboards as the most common input device for entering text into computers. Mice are described as the most popular pointing device, used to control cursor position and click on screen elements. Other input devices covered include joysticks for cursor positioning, light pens for screen selection, scanners for digitizing documents, microphones for sound input, bar code readers for scanning codes, and webcams for digital image capture.
Raster scan systems work like a television, using an electron beam to sweep horizontally across phosphors on the screen. As the beam reaches the right side, it retraces to the left before moving down to the next line. It paints every other line interlaced to refresh the screen 30 times per second. Progressive scan paints every line 60 times per second to reduce flicker, as used in computer monitors. Random scan directly draws points and lines in any order controlled by a display processor reading coordinates, allowing for high resolution, animation, and minimal memory use, but requiring an intelligent beam and limited screen density.
Raster scan displays have lower resolution than random scan displays because raster scan stores picture definition as intensity values along scan lines, while random scan stores pictures as line commands. Raster scan directs its electron beam from top to bottom across the entire screen one row at a time, making it less expensive than random scan which only draws required lines. However, random scan produces smoother lines and can provide more realistic displays through advanced techniques like shadows and hidden surfaces.
Random scan displays and raster scan displaysSomya Bagai
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
Raster scan displays use a sweeping electron beam to illuminate spots on the screen in a row-by-row fashion to generate an image. Intensity values for each pixel are stored in a refresh buffer and read out row-by-row to control the beam. Raster scan allows for photorealistic color images but requires high memory and has lower resolution than random scan displays.
Random scan displays draw images by directing the electron beam only to locations with picture elements, tracing out lines specified by commands in a refresh buffer. This allows for higher resolution with less memory usage but limits images to simple drawings with few colors.
This document discusses different types of CRT display systems. It describes Direct View Storage Tubes (DVST) which store images using a long persistence phosphor but cannot be updated quickly. Random scan/calligraphic displays draw lines in arbitrary order but must be refreshed at 30 Hz. Raster scan displays store images as a matrix of pixels in a refresh buffer and draw the entire screen sequentially one line at a time, allowing for animation and faster updating than DVST systems.
Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
The document discusses different types of graphics display systems including raster scan displays, random scan displays, and flat panel displays. It describes the key components of cathode ray tube (CRT) displays such as the electron gun and phosphor screen and how they generate images. It also covers color reproduction methods for CRTs like beam penetration and three color guns.
The document summarizes raster scan and random scan displays. Raster scan displays use an electron beam that sweeps across the screen from top to bottom to generate pixels based on values stored in a refresh buffer. Random scan displays directly draw images using an electron beam without a fixed pattern, storing only line drawing instructions. The key differences are that raster scan is used for realistic images due to storing intensity values while random scan has higher resolution but is limited to line drawings. Both use a cathode ray tube containing an electron gun, deflection coils, and phosphor screen.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
The document discusses different types of displays including emissive displays like CRTs and non-emissive displays like LCDs. It then provides details on how CRTs work including the electron gun, deflection coils, and phosphor screen. Key properties of CRTs are described such as resolution, refresh rate, and color reproduction using an electron gun and shadow mask arrangement. Raster scanning is introduced as the process of drawing the image line by line using a frame buffer and video controller. Color mapping with a lookup table is also summarized.
COLOR CRT MONITORS IN COMPUTER GRAPHICSnehrurevathy
1. Color CRT displays use phosphors and one of two methods - beam penetration or shadow mask - to generate colors.
2. The beam penetration method uses red and green phosphors and electron beam speed to produce four colors, while the shadow mask method uses three color phosphors and electron beam deflection through a shadow mask to generate millions of colors.
3. Flat panel displays like LCDs and plasma panels provide alternatives to CRTs with reduced size and power use, though early types had limitations in features like color capability.
Cathode ray tubes use an electron gun and fluorescent screen to create images through light emitted from the screen. An evacuated glass envelope contains the electron gun, which shoots electrons at the screen, causing phosphors to glow and form the image. Color CRTs use three electron guns and phosphors to produce red, green, and blue light, creating a full color image. While bulky and potentially hazardous, CRTs provide high quality images through superior color and contrast compared to other display technologies.
The document presents information on different types of display devices including CRT, LCD, plasma display, and LED displays. It discusses the key components, working principles, and properties of CRT and flat panel displays such as LCD, plasma, and LED displays. Advantages and disadvantages of different display technologies are also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of video display devices and color graphics technologies. It discusses raster scan displays, which refresh the screen by sweeping the electron beam across rows of pixels stored in a frame buffer. Random scan displays direct the electron beam only where needed to draw lines, allowing higher resolution but not realistic images. Color CRT monitors use shadow mask or beam penetration methods, with the former allowing a wider range of colors by exciting red, green, and blue phosphor dots. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and being used in more portable applications.
Video monitors use cathode ray tubes to display output. In a cathode ray tube, an electron gun fires a beam of electrons that is focused and deflected to hit phosphor on the screen, causing it to glow. The beam rapidly redraws the image to keep the screen illuminated, in a process called refresh. Key components of the electron gun include a heated cathode that emits electrons, an accelerating anode that speeds up the electrons, and control and focusing systems that shape the beam. When electrons hit phosphor, their energy causes the phosphor to glow briefly.
The document discusses raster graphics and how images are displayed. It covers several topics:
1) Display hardware such as CRT, LCD, and other devices used to output images.
2) Raster graphics systems and how imaging systems are organized with a frame buffer and refresh rate.
3) Output primitives like points, lines, polygons that are used to describe shapes. It discusses algorithms for drawing lines like DDA and Bresenham.
4) Color models for representing and describing colors in raster graphics.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics hardware and software. It defines computer graphics as using a computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate and present pictorial output. The key hardware components discussed are display devices like CRT, LCD, and plasma displays. Software components include rendering primitives, algorithms for transformation and rasterization, and application programming interfaces that provide access to graphics hardware. The graphics rendering pipeline is described as the process of converting a 3D scene model into a 2D image through steps like modeling transformations, viewing transformations, projection, clipping and rasterization.
The document discusses image segmentation and the use of segments to structure image display. It describes how a display file can be divided into segments using a segment table. The segment table either uses arrays or linked lists to store segment information like start position, size, and attributes. Algorithms are provided for creating, closing, deleting, and renaming segments to dynamically manage the image display. Visibility attributes allow hiding or showing segments as needed.
This document summarizes different types of display devices, including cathode ray tubes (CRTs), raster scan displays, random scan displays, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs). It describes the basic components and functioning of CRTs, including electron guns, phosphor coatings, and deflection coils. It compares raster and random scan displays, noting that raster displays are better for realistic images while random scans are suited for line drawings. LCDs use polarized light passing through liquid crystals to turn pixels on and off. LED displays use semiconductors to emit light when forward biased, and have advantages over traditional light sources like lower energy use and longer lifetimes.
The document provides an overview of computer display systems, including monitors and graphics cards. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors and how they work using electron guns and phosphor coatings. It also covers features of monitors like resolution, dot pitch, refresh rate, and screen size. Flat panel displays (FPDs) like liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are also introduced, along with different types of LCD technologies. The roles of the graphics card and monitor in the overall display system are explained.
The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a type of monitor that was first discovered in the late 19th century and remained popular for over 70 years. It works by using an electron gun to emit light onto phosphors on the inside of a glass screen, creating vivid colors and detailed images. While CRTs are bulky, power-hungry, and can emit small amounts of radiation, they were less expensive than newer LCD displays and provided good image quality from any viewing angle until being replaced by flat panel displays.
The document discusses different types of video display devices including cathode ray tube (CRT) displays and flat panel displays. CRT displays use an electron gun to create images on a phosphorus screen but have disadvantages like large size, weight, and high power consumption. Flat panel displays like liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and plasma display panels are thinner, lighter, and use less power than CRTs. LCDs have advantages such as portability, reduced eyestrain, and thin panels but have limitations like dependence on viewing angle and slower response times. Plasma displays can be large, have good color rendering, and brightness but also have high costs and power consumption.
Raster animation is created by displaying a sequence of raster images rapidly to create the illusion of motion. Each raster image is stored as a bitmap in system memory and contains information about individual pixels that make up the image. By refreshing the frame buffer with a new bitmap, raster animation is created. There are two main types - traditional using sprite sheets and modern using programming languages. Raster animation provides more realistic images than vector animation but requires more memory and processing power. It is used for applications like 3D/2D animation, games, and movies.
Cathode ray tube (CRT) displays were commonly used but are being replaced by newer technologies. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to display images but have disadvantages like large size, weight, and power consumption. LCD displays use liquid crystals and do not emit light, instead blocking light to produce images. They are thinner and more energy efficient than CRTs but have limited viewing angles. Plasma displays utilize cells of charged gases to produce bright, large displays but also consume more power than LCDs. Newer technologies continue to improve on displays, with OLED providing thinner, more efficient self-emissive panels, LED backlights enhancing LCDs, and higher resolution 4K becoming more common.
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This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including how CRTs work using an electron gun and accelerating electrons to excite phosphors to emit light. It describes raster scan displays, which draw images as a grid of pixels by sweeping an electron beam across the screen, and random scan displays, which draw images line by line. The document also covers color CRT displays using beam penetration or a shadow mask to combine red, green, and blue phosphors at each pixel location.
This document discusses various attributes that can be used to modify the appearance of graphical primitives like lines and curves when displaying them, including line type (solid, dashed, dotted), width, color, fill style (hollow, solid, patterned), and fill color/pattern. It describes how these attributes are specified in applications and how different rendering techniques like rasterization can be used to display primitives with various attribute settings.
An LCD is a flat panel display that uses liquid crystals to modulate light from a backlight to produce images. It has an array of pixels filled with liquid crystals that can be electronically controlled to produce color or monochrome images. LCDs are commonly used in devices like computer monitors, TVs, clocks and phones. They work by controlling the transmission of light through the liquid crystals with an electric field to display images but do not directly emit light.
The document provides an overview of OpenGL and computer graphics concepts. It discusses the basics of computer graphics including applications, the graphics pipeline, primitives like vertices and polygons, attributes like color, and an example of drawing a shaded triangle. The graphics pipeline involves steps like vertex operations, primitive assembly, rasterization, and fragment operations. Primitives are specified using vertices and attributes remain in effect until changed. The OpenGL API is used to program 3D graphics and interfaces with the graphics driver.
Computer graphics involves using computers to generate and manipulate visual and spatial data. It has various applications including computer-aided design, presentation graphics, education and training, visualization, image processing, entertainment, medical imaging, and graphical user interfaces. The key advantages of computer graphics are its ability to produce high quality visualizations and animations that can effectively communicate information.
There are two main types of projections: perspective and parallel. In perspective projection, lines converge to a single point called the center of projection, creating the illusion of depth. In parallel projection, lines remain parallel as they are projected onto the view plane. Perspective projection is more realistic but parallel projection preserves proportions. Perspective projections can be one-point, two-point, or three-point depending on the number of principal vanishing points. Orthographic projections use perpendicular lines while oblique projections are at an angle. Common parallel projections include isometric, dimetric, trimetric, cavalier and cabinet views.
Computer graphics uses computers to generate and display digital images. It involves programming computers to create realistic images through specialized hardware and software. Computer graphics are used across many fields for simulation, algorithms, modeling, rendering, image processing, animation, and more. Interactive graphics allow users to control and change images, while passive graphics automatically transfer images without user intervention.
The document provides an overview of entity-relationship (E-R) modeling concepts including:
- Entity sets represent collections of real-world entities that share common properties
- Relationship sets define associations between entity sets
- Attributes provide additional information about entities and relationships
- Keys uniquely identify entities and relationships
- Cardinalities constrain how entities can participate in relationships
- E-R diagrams visually depict entity sets, attributes, relationships and constraints.
Multimedia authoring tools provide an integrated environment for combining text, graphics, audio, video, and animation into an interactive presentation. They include editing tools to create and organize multimedia elements. Authoring tools have features like editing, programming for interactivity, and playback options. Common types are card/page-based, icon/event-driven, time-based, and web page authoring tools, each with their own advantages and disadvantages for organizing and presenting multimedia content.
This document summarizes computer graphics hardware, including display devices like CRTs and their components, as well as graphics cards and their evolution. It discusses raster vs vector displays and the frame buffer. Key points are:
- CRTs use electron beams controlled by magnetic coils to excite phosphors and produce images.
- Raster displays store images as bitmaps in a frame buffer that is read out to refresh the screen.
- Graphics cards offload graphics processing from the CPU and contain a GPU for accelerated rendering. Their capabilities have increased greatly over time.
Verification and validation of OMAP chips is a large, complex process that involves verifying modules, subsystems, and the full chip. It utilizes a strict methodology with defined verification plans, reviews, and metrics to help ensure functionality is thoroughly tested across all levels from RTL to silicon. Automation, reuse, and collaboration across teams are important aspects that help make the process feasible given its size and resources required.
Verification and validation of OMAP chips is a large, complex process that involves verifying modules, subsystems, and the full chip. It utilizes a strict methodology with defined verification plans, reviews, and metrics to help ensure thorough testing and integration of the many components in a timely manner.
Presentation power point (Advertising Upgrade))andrew maybir
This presentation outlines an IT system upgrade proposal including hardware, software, and ongoing costs. It recommends replacing aging desktops, laptops, servers, and other equipment with more powerful and efficient devices such as HP Z1 workstations, HP Pavilion desktops and laptops, and a new server and printer. It also proposes a software upgrade including Adobe CS6 Master Collection, antivirus software, and cloud backups. The total upfront investment is estimated at $29,989 with annual ongoing costs of $2,390.
This presentation outlines an IT system upgrade proposal including new desktop PCs, laptops, servers, printers, software and network equipment. The upgrade aims to improve security, reliability, performance, and flexibility over the aging current systems. New PCs would include Intel i7 processors, 8GB RAM and large hard drives. Laptops proposed are HP DV7T models with quad core CPUs, 8GB RAM and large screens. Servers, network switches, routers, backup systems and Adobe Creative Suite software are also recommended. The overall goal is to increase productivity through a modern and robust IT infrastructure.
Computer graphics involves drawing pictures on screens through programming and manipulating data. The primary output device is a video monitor, which uses a cathode ray tube. In a raster scan display, an electron beam sweeps across the screen line by line to display pixels stored in a refresh buffer. This avoids screen flicker. A random scan display directs the electron beam only where needed for high resolution line drawings, but is limited to simple images. Raster graphics systems use a video controller to access a frame buffer in memory and refresh the screen.
The document discusses RISC design philosophy and how it relates to ARM processors. It aims to deliver simple but powerful instructions that execute in a single cycle at a high clock rate with reduced complexity handled by hardware. This allows for greater flexibility and intelligence to be provided in software rather than hardware. RISC follows four major design rules - reduced number of instructions, single cycle execution, fixed length instructions, and separate load/store architecture.
This document discusses embedded software development and image processing using the TI DaVinci platform. It provides an overview of the DaVinci SOC which includes both a GPP and DSP. It describes installing the necessary toolchain and software, setting up an NFS server, building the Linux kernel, cross-compiling programs, and provides an example of a simple image zooming application.
Ultra HD Video Scaling: Low-Power HW FF vs. CNN-based Super-ResolutionIntel® Software
The visual computing world is moving to an exciting technological era of ultra HD (UHD) and wide-gamut deep colors (WCG). The new Gen9 graphics engine in the 6th generation Intel® Core™ processors is the developers’ platform choice for creating visual excellence in 4K and deep colors. The Gen9 processor graphics offers attractive solutions for high-quality and low-power video scaling that handle UHD and WCG. First, we introduce a hardware fixed-function scaler inside the new SFC (scaling and format conversion) module that provides high quality scaling in low-power platforms. Second, we present a super-resolution scaling solution based on convolutional neural network that can be implemented via OpenCL™ running on the execution units (EUs). We discuss the merits of each solution in different user environments
The document describes the NAVORI QL Player, a digital signage playback engine. It can produce broadcast TV quality playback on thin client PCs. It incorporates advanced player technology with features like multi-zone playback, content synchronization, and hardware optimization. The scalable software can be purchased in modules to meet playback needs and runs on Windows PCs connected to displays.
This document discusses computer monitors, projectors, and sound systems. It describes the two main types of computer monitors as cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors and flat-panel displays. CRT monitors use electron guns to fire at phosphor dots on the screen to produce images, while flat-panel monitors like LCD use liquid crystals. Resolution, refresh rate, size, and dot pitch are important factors to consider when comparing monitors. The document also briefly covers PC projectors and sound systems, noting projectors can display high-quality images and sound cards translate digital signals to analog for speakers.
This document describes a real-time VGA display system at 60Hz frame rate implemented on an FPGA. It discusses the existing system using dedicated VGA controllers, and proposes a system where the FPGA generates VGA timing signals and displays images like a pong game. It explains the conceptual diagram with sync and image generation modules, and provides details on generating VGA timing signals and displaying game objects on screen. Potential applications include notice boards, ATMs, and security/touch screens. The system is designed with a Spartan 3E FPGA and implemented using VHDL in Xilinx ISE.
The document provides an overview of the PlayStation Vita hardware and software capabilities for developers. It describes the Vita's high resolution screen, quad core processor, and powerful GPU. The document highlights key differentiational aspects like the dual analog sticks, touch screen, cameras, and motion sensors. It also summarizes libraries, tools, and middleware to simplify development, including facial recognition, augmented reality, and location-based services. Graphics are rendered using tile-based deferred rendering to efficiently manage on-chip memory and hidden surface removal.
This document discusses real-time image processing (RTIP). It begins by introducing RTIP and noting the needs of high resolution video input, low latency, and high processing performance. It then discusses hardware platforms and software operations for RTIP, including low, intermediate, and high-level operations. An example application of RTIP to traffic queue detection is described. Finally, potential applications of RTIP like video conferencing, augmented reality, and human-computer interaction are listed before concluding.
introduce of Clairview NVR, VMS _EnglishDaniel Park
1) The document describes the Clairview video management system (VMS) and its features, including the ability to support up to 64 IP camera channels, simultaneous playback of 64 channels, adaptive display of dual streaming resolutions, one-click PTZ control, and face masking for privacy protection of backup video data.
2) Key advantages of the Clairview VMS discussed in the document include failover between a master and slave NVR, setup of multiple live monitoring and E-map viewing pages, configurable recording profiles, and instant playback directly from the live view for quick decision making.
3) Advanced search capabilities like bookmarks and video analysis functions for searching by object type, behavior, color and size are
An FPGA-based Scalable Simulation Accelerator for Tile Architectures @HEART2011Shinya Takamaeda-Y
1. An FPGA-based Scalable Simulation Accelerator called ScalableCore is presented for simulating Tile architectures like the M-Core manycore processor.
2. ScalableCore partitions the target processor across multiple FPGAs, with each FPGA representing a "ScalableCore Unit" containing part of the processor. Units are connected via a "ScalableCore Board" to simulate the entire processor faster.
3. An initial ScalableCore system was implemented to simulate the M-Core manycore processor with up to 64 cores distributed across 64 ScalableCore Units/FPGAs. This allows simulation speed to scale with the number of FPGAs used.
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17Celine George
This slide will represent how to create user notification in Odoo 17. Odoo allows us to create and send custom notifications on some events or actions. We have different types of notification such as sticky notification, rainbow man effect, alert and raise exception warning or validation.
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024yarusun
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How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Cross-Cultural Leadership and CommunicationMattVassar1
Business is done in many different ways across the world. How you connect with colleagues and communicate feedback constructively differs tremendously depending on where a person comes from. Drawing on the culture map from the cultural anthropologist, Erin Meyer, this class discusses how best to manage effectively across the invisible lines of culture.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
8+8+8 Rule Of Time Management For Better ProductivityRuchiRathor2
This is a great way to be more productive but a few things to
Keep in mind:
- The 8+8+8 rule offers a general guideline. You may need to adjust the schedule depending on your individual needs and commitments.
- Some days may require more work or less sleep, demanding flexibility in your approach.
- The key is to be mindful of your time allocation and strive for a healthy balance across the three categories.
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Using CRM module, we can manage and keep track of all new leads and opportunities in one location. It helps to manage your sales pipeline with customizable stages. In this slide let’s discuss how to create a stage or pipeline inside the CRM module in odoo 17.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
2. RASTER SCAN SYSTEMS
• Interactive raster graphics employ several
processing units
• Apart from CPU, a special purpose
processor called video controller or display
controller control operation of the
display device
• Simple raster graphics system
3. VIDEO CONTROLLER
• Fixed area of system memory reserved for
frame buffer
• Video controller given direct access to
frame buffer to refresh the screen
• Coordinate origin is defined at lower left
corner
• Scan lines labeled from ymax at the top of
the screen to 0 at the bottom
4. BASIC REFRESH
OPERATIONS
• Registers store the
Horizontal and
Raster Scan Vertical Deflection
Generator Voltages
coordinates of the
screen pixels
X
Register
Y
Register • X 0; Y ymax
• Value stored in frame
Memory Pixel
Intensity buffer is used to set
Address Register
the intensity of the
CRT
Frame
Buffer
5. • X incremented by 1; process repeated for
each pixel along the scan line
• Procedure is repeated for each scan line
• After cycling through all pixels, refresh
process starts over
• To speed up processing, multiple pixel
intensities are retrieved
• Stored in separate register to control the
CRT for group of adjacent pixels
6. • In high quality systems, two frame buffers
are provided
• One used for refreshing and other is filled
with intensity values
• Thus provides a fast mechanism for real
time animation – different views
successively loaded into refresh buffers
7. RASTER SCAN DISPLAY
PROCESSOR
Display processor Frame Video Monitor
Memory Buffer Controller
CPU Display System
Processor Memory
System bus
8. RASTER SCAN DISPLAY
PROCESSOR
• Separate display processor free CPU from
graphics chores
• Separate display processor memory also
provided
• Major task digitizing picture definition
into set of pixel intensities : scan
conversion
9. • Display processor perform additional
operations like generating various line
styles, displaying various color areas and
performing certain manipulations
• To reduce memory requirements
Run length encoding : Store each
scan line as a set of integer
Cell encoding : Encode as a set of
rectangular areas
10. RANDOM SCAN SYSTEMS
• Organization
• Application program is input and stored in
system memory along with the graphics
package
• Graphics commands in the application
pgm is translated by graphics package into
a display file which is accessed by display
processor
• Display processor DPU or graphics
controller
11.
12. SIMPLE RASTER SYSTEM
System Video
CPU Monitor
Memory Controller
System Bus
I/O Devices
BACK
13. COMMON ORGANIZATION
FOR RASTER SYSTEMS
System Frame Video
CPU Monitor
Memory Buffer Controller
System Bus
I/O Devices
BACK
14. RANDOM SCAN SYSTEMS
System Display
CPU Monitor
Memory Processor
System Bus
I/O Devices
BACK
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