This document presents a comparative study of seismic analysis of RC frame structures with and without belt truss and outrigger truss systems. Three 30-story RC frame models are analyzed using ETABS software: a regular structure, one with a belt truss, and one with an outrigger truss. Response spectrum analysis is conducted based on Indian seismic code IS 1893. The addition of truss systems improves seismic performance by reducing base shear, inter-story drift, and displacements. Specifically, the model with a belt truss performed best with the shortest period and lowest base shear, drift, and displacements. Therefore, belt trusses are more suitable than outriggers for high-rise buildings to improve earthquake resistance.
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This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
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This document discusses the design of an earthquake resistant 21-story reinforced concrete building in Lucknow, India, which is in seismic zone III. The building was designed using ETABS software according to Indian codes for seismic design. Key aspects of the design included analyzing lateral loads from earthquakes and wind, checking for drift forces, displacements, stiffness, and redundancy. The building structure incorporates shear walls, moment frames, and braced frames to resist lateral loads.
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This document summarizes a study that used the ETABS software to analyze the static behavior of a 10-story reinforced concrete framed structure. Key steps included:
1) Modelling the G+10 building in ETABS and applying appropriate loads like dead, live, and seismic loads.
2) Performing static analysis to evaluate the structure's stability, strength, and performance under various load conditions.
3) Analyzing results like maximum story displacement, drift, shear force, and bending moment to ensure structural integrity and safety compliance.
4) Designing structural elements like beams and columns based on factors like material properties, safety codes, and optimization.
IRJET- Analysis and Design of Multi Storey Building Subjected to Seismic Load...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs a 3-storey building located in Gangavati, Karnataka, India and subjected to seismic zone 2 loading. The building is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Results like storey displacement, storey shear, and storey drift are obtained and compared for the seismic zone. The maximum storey displacement is 13.7mm in the X-direction and 12.5mm in the Y-direction. Manual analysis using Kani's method is also performed to verify the ETABS results.
Assessment of structural integrity of G+2 storied old building for vertical e...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed the structural integrity of a 46-year-old educational building to determine if it could support a vertical expansion. Non-destructive and semi-destructive testing methods were used to evaluate the condition of the building's concrete and reinforcement. Structural analysis software was also used to model the existing structure and analyze it under expected loads from the proposed expansion. The results found some columns required strengthening and repairs were needed for cracks and dampness. Based on the findings, recommendations included jacketing columns, using lightweight materials, and repair techniques to ensure the structural integrity and safety of expanding the building vertically. The methodology provided a comprehensive way to preserve historic structures while adapting them for contemporary needs.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH-RISE DIAGRID STRUCTURESIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs high-rise diagrid structures. It studies 48-story rectangular and L-shaped buildings with diagrid systems in seismic zone III. The buildings are modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Static, response spectrum, and wind analyses are performed to determine optimal diagrid angles. The maximum story displacement and drift are compared for different diagrid modules (2, 4, 6, 8 stories) and angles to identify the most efficient structural configuration for the building shapes.
Response Spectrum and Time History Analysis of a Multistorey BuildingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the response spectrum and time history analysis of a 15-story building model using ETABS software. The building was subjected to seismic analysis to determine displacements, storey shears, and stiffness under earthquake forces. Both response spectrum analysis and time history analysis were conducted. The response spectrum analysis produced plots of storey displacement, storey shear, and storey stiffness. The time history analysis generated response spectrum plots and time history plots showing the variation in results between the two analysis methods. The study concluded the multi-story building designed to code was able to resist seismic forces based on the analysis results.
Comparative Study of Conventional Steel Structure and Tubular Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document compares the structural performance of a 13-story steel building designed with conventional steel sections and tubular steel sections. A 3D model of the building was created in STAAD Pro software and analyzed under gravity, wind, and seismic loads. The tubular section design had lower base shear values and story displacements, indicating better performance under lateral loads. It also had 12-15% lower total weight. The study concludes that tubular section designs are more effective at resisting lateral loads and displacements, and provide better overall economy compared to conventional section designs.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
IRJET- Design of Earthquake Resistant Structure of Multi-Story RCC BuildingIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of an earthquake resistant 21-story reinforced concrete building in Lucknow, India, which is in seismic zone III. The building was designed using ETABS software according to Indian codes for seismic design. Key aspects of the design included analyzing lateral loads from earthquakes and wind, checking for drift forces, displacements, stiffness, and redundancy. The building structure incorporates shear walls, moment frames, and braced frames to resist lateral loads.
Static analysis and design of G+10 RCC framed structure by using ETABSIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used the ETABS software to analyze the static behavior of a 10-story reinforced concrete framed structure. Key steps included:
1) Modelling the G+10 building in ETABS and applying appropriate loads like dead, live, and seismic loads.
2) Performing static analysis to evaluate the structure's stability, strength, and performance under various load conditions.
3) Analyzing results like maximum story displacement, drift, shear force, and bending moment to ensure structural integrity and safety compliance.
4) Designing structural elements like beams and columns based on factors like material properties, safety codes, and optimization.
IRJET- Analysis and Design of Multi Storey Building Subjected to Seismic Load...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs a 3-storey building located in Gangavati, Karnataka, India and subjected to seismic zone 2 loading. The building is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Results like storey displacement, storey shear, and storey drift are obtained and compared for the seismic zone. The maximum storey displacement is 13.7mm in the X-direction and 12.5mm in the Y-direction. Manual analysis using Kani's method is also performed to verify the ETABS results.
Assessment of structural integrity of G+2 storied old building for vertical e...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that assessed the structural integrity of a 46-year-old educational building to determine if it could support a vertical expansion. Non-destructive and semi-destructive testing methods were used to evaluate the condition of the building's concrete and reinforcement. Structural analysis software was also used to model the existing structure and analyze it under expected loads from the proposed expansion. The results found some columns required strengthening and repairs were needed for cracks and dampness. Based on the findings, recommendations included jacketing columns, using lightweight materials, and repair techniques to ensure the structural integrity and safety of expanding the building vertically. The methodology provided a comprehensive way to preserve historic structures while adapting them for contemporary needs.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGH-RISE DIAGRID STRUCTURESIRJET Journal
This document analyzes and designs high-rise diagrid structures. It studies 48-story rectangular and L-shaped buildings with diagrid systems in seismic zone III. The buildings are modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Static, response spectrum, and wind analyses are performed to determine optimal diagrid angles. The maximum story displacement and drift are compared for different diagrid modules (2, 4, 6, 8 stories) and angles to identify the most efficient structural configuration for the building shapes.
Response Spectrum and Time History Analysis of a Multistorey BuildingIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the response spectrum and time history analysis of a 15-story building model using ETABS software. The building was subjected to seismic analysis to determine displacements, storey shears, and stiffness under earthquake forces. Both response spectrum analysis and time history analysis were conducted. The response spectrum analysis produced plots of storey displacement, storey shear, and storey stiffness. The time history analysis generated response spectrum plots and time history plots showing the variation in results between the two analysis methods. The study concluded the multi-story building designed to code was able to resist seismic forces based on the analysis results.
ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF WIND & SEISMIC FORCE ON MULTISTORIED BUILDING WITH OUTR...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis of a 44-story reinforced concrete building to evaluate the effects of adding an outrigger framing system. The building is initially analyzed without outriggers, showing deflections outside acceptable limits under wind loads. Three models are then analyzed with outriggers placed at different levels. Model 1 has outriggers on floors 15, 20 and 25, Model 2 adds floors 30 and 40, and Model 3 places outriggers to optimize performance. Adding outriggers reduces deflections, bringing them within code limits, with Model 3 performing best by reducing deflection up to 28% compared to no outriggers. Outriggers effectively increase building stiffness to resist lateral loads from wind and seismic forces.
"Navigating Live Loads in Building Design: Challenges and Considerations in A...IRJET Journal
This study examines the actual live loads experienced on residential building terraces and compares them to statutory requirements in various construction codes. Field measurements were taken of terraces under different uses. The study found that occupancy densities and weights of furniture/equipment often exceeded code values, indicating the need for higher live load allowances in codes. Actual measured loads were up to 2.9 kN/m2 for residential, 3.5 kN/m2 for commercial, and 4.0 kN/m2 for institutional uses, compared to code values as low as 1.5 kN/m2. The findings suggest construction codes should account for variances in terrace usage to better ensure structural safety.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIAGRID STRUCTURE WITH VARIOUS INDIAN SEISMIC ZONEIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of diagrid structural systems under seismic loading from various Indian seismic zones. 28 models of diagrid structures with varying parameters like storey height, member angles, and densities are analyzed using ETABS software. Response spectrum analysis is conducted to evaluate time period, base shear, storey displacement, drift, and other response parameters. Results show that seismic zone IV and V produce the highest displacements and drifts, with increases of around 33-38% compared to zone II. Models with varying member angles through the height generally perform better than uniform models. The study aims to determine the optimal diagrid configurations for different seismic zones in India.
Seismic Performance Study on RC Wall StructuresIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) wall structures. Response spectrum analysis is performed using ETABS software to analyze models of RC wall buildings under different conditions, including variations in stiffness irregularities, door opening positions, and seismic zones. The performance is evaluated based on response spectrum base shear, storey displacements, and modal time period. The results show that providing shear walls improves seismic capacity and stiffness. Stiffness irregularities, door openings, and more severe seismic zones tend to increase base shear and displacements. RC wall buildings demonstrate less displacement than other structural systems, indicating better seismic safety.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR STRUCTURE WITH...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study of seismic analysis of regular and irregular structures with and without post-tensioned slabs. A 10-story building model is created in ETABS software and response spectrum analysis is performed. Results show displacement is higher in regular structures compared to similar structures using post-tensioned slabs. Irregular structures are more affected by torsion during seismic activity. The aim is to analyze and compare seismic responses of structures with and without post-tensioned slabs to study their performance.
IRJET- Dynamic Analysis of Tall Tubular Steel Structures for Different Geomet...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of tall tubular steel structures with different geometric configurations (square, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal) using computer modeling and simulation. Modal analysis showed hexagonal structures have the longest period and lowest frequency, indicating greater stability. Earthquake and wind analyses found hexagonal structures experienced the highest displacements and drift. In general, tubular structures performed better than conventional steel frames. Future work could optimize hexagonal designs using additional structural systems or analyze complex tube-in-tube configurations.
Studies on Effect of Friction Dampers on the Seismic Performance of RC Multis...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of friction dampers on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete multi-storey buildings. Finite element models of G+3 and G+7 buildings with and without friction dampers were analyzed using static and dynamic seismic analysis methods. Results show that buildings with friction dampers experienced reduced base shear, lateral displacement, and inter-storey drift compared to identical buildings without dampers. The dampers effectively absorbed and dissipated seismic energy, improving the seismic response and reducing structural demand on the buildings.
IRJET- Comparative Seismic Evaluation of Response of RC Building with Shear W...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative seismic evaluation of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems, including shear walls, X-bracing, V-bracing, and combined V-bracing. Three models are analyzed: an unbraced frame, frames with bracing at corner bays, and frames with bracing at the 3rd and 5th bays. Response spectrum analysis is conducted using ETABS software to determine seismic parameters like maximum displacement, drift, base shear, and time period. Results show that shear walls and bracing systems reduce displacement and drift compared to an unbraced frame, with shear walls performing the best in minimizing seismic response.
Analysis of super structure building with plan and elevation irregularities u...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the response of irregular buildings to earthquakes using response spectrum analysis. It models different building shapes (rectangle, L, T, U) in ETABS software and evaluates storey displacements, drifts, and torsional irregularity under seismic loads. Rectangular and L-shaped buildings showed the highest displacements and drifts compared to code limits when shear walls were placed asymmetrically. Placing shear walls symmetrically in the models reduced torsional irregularity and improved seismic performance. The study aims to understand how plan and elevation irregularities impact building response during earthquakes.
A Review on Comparative Analysis of Multistorey Buildings Under Various India...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and compares the findings of 5 research papers on seismic analysis of multi-storey buildings under various conditions in India. Key findings include:
1) Buildings perform better in lower seismic zones with lower base shear, displacement and drift. Irregular buildings need more design consideration.
2) Diaphragm discontinuity like openings significantly impact load transfer and response to seismic forces.
3) Building shape/configuration affects its ability to withstand seismic forces. Structures like shear walls improve seismic performance.
4) As seismic zones increase, designs require more steel reinforcement, especially in beams, to resist higher seismic forces.
The studies provide valuable insights on building practices and seismic vulnerability based
Comparative Seismic Analysis of G+20 RC Framed Structure Building for Maximum...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative seismic analysis of a 20-story reinforced concrete framed structure building with and without shear walls. The analysis found that including shear walls can reduce the maximum story drift by 12-15% in the x-direction and 8-10% in the y-direction under different seismic load combinations. Properly designing and placing shear walls is important for reinforced concrete framed structures in high seismic zones to minimize story drift and improve safety during earthquakes.
IRJET- Design of Earthquake Resistant Structure of Multi-Story RCC BuildingIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an earthquake resistant G+21 multi-story reinforced concrete building using ETABS software. Key aspects analyzed include seismic analysis using equivalent static, response spectrum, and time history methods per Indian codes. The building is located in Lucknow, India which is a moderate seismic zone. Structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, and foundations are designed according to Indian standards. Analysis considers effects of earthquakes and other lateral loads. The building plan and frame layout are presented along with design assumptions.
Structural Diagnosis, Repair and Retrofitting of RCC StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the structural diagnosis, repair, and retrofitting of reinforced concrete (RCC) structures. It begins with an introduction to the importance of maintaining and upgrading existing RCC structures rather than demolishing and rebuilding. The stages of structural diagnosis are then outlined, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing (NDT), and identifying critical areas. A case study of diagnosing and analyzing a G+1 RCC building is presented. This involves modeling the structure in ETABS software to evaluate its strength and recommend retrofitting. The analysis shows reductions in demand-capacity ratios and story drift after proposed retrofitting of critical columns. In summary, the document presents a methodology for diagnosing deficiencies in RCC structures and strengthening them
IRJET- Seismic Analysis of a Multi-Storey Building using Steel Braced FramesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of a 15-story reinforced concrete building with different bracing systems. The building was modeled and analyzed using ETABS software. Time history analysis was performed to evaluate storey drift, displacement, fundamental period, and stiffness for the building with X, V, inverted V bracing and without bracing. The results showed that braced buildings performed better during seismic activity than unbraced. Among the braced systems, X bracing was most effective at reducing responses like storey drift during earthquakes.
IRJET- Response of Buildings with and Without Setbacks Subjected to Earthquak...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the response of 5-story and 10-story buildings with and without setbacks when subjected to earthquake forces through response spectrum analysis.
2) The analysis found that buildings without setbacks experienced significantly higher displacements compared to buildings with setbacks. For the 5-story buildings, displacements doubled without setbacks.
3) Similarly, for the 10-story buildings, some displacements tripled without setbacks compared to with setbacks.
4) The results indicate that providing setbacks, as required by building codes, reduces building displacement during earthquakes and improves structural performance and safety.
Comparative Study on CFST and RC Column in the RC Frame StructureIRJET Journal
The document compares the response of three different column types in a multi-story building model under dynamic analysis: 1) A standard reinforced concrete column (Model 1), 2) A concrete-filled steel tube column (Model 2), and 3) A composite column with an I-section steel core and reinforcement (Model 3). The models are analyzed using ETABS software based on Indian seismic codes. Parameters like story acceleration, mode shape, column forces, story overturning moment, and base reaction are compared to evaluate the stability of each model under seismic loads.
IRJET- Planning, Analyzing and Design of High Rise Building using EtabsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses planning, analyzing, and designing a 15-story residential building using ETABS software.
2) It describes modeling the building in ETABS, including dimensions of columns, beams, slabs and applying loads like dead, live, and seismic.
3) The analysis involved evaluating bending moments, shear forces, and drift from equivalent static analysis in ETABS to ensure structural integrity under loads.
Influence of Concrete and Steel Outrigger and Belt Truss in High Rise Moment ...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes 7 models of a 44-story reinforced concrete frame building with different outrigger and belt truss configurations to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing lateral displacement, storey drifts, base shear, and fundamental time periods under wind and earthquake loads.
2. Analysis found that a model with X-braced outriggers was most effective at reducing top storey displacement by 29.21% and maximum story drift by 26.64% compared to the bare frame model without outriggers. A model with a belt truss was also effective, reducing displacement by 34.57% and drift by 30.75%.
3. Steel outriggers provided the least benefit, reducing displacement by only
Analysis and Design of an Earthquake Resistant Structure using STADD. ProIRJET Journal
This document describes analyzing and designing an earthquake resistant residential building in Mumbai using STADD.Pro software. The 11-story building is modeled in STADD.Pro and various loads including dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load are calculated and applied based on Indian codes. An equivalent static analysis is performed to calculate member forces and displacements. The building is then designed as an ordinary moment resisting frame using limit state design method and concrete grade M25 with reinforcement FE415. The output from STADD.Pro contains the design of each individual beam and column to ensure the structural safety of the building under all load combinations including lateral loads from earthquakes and wind.
A RESEARCH ON ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE COLLPSE OF RCC BUILDING WITH BLAST LOAD...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a research study on analyzing the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings under blast and seismic loading. Progressive collapse is defined as the failure or disproportionate collapse of a building due to the spread of local failure through the structure. The study performs progressive collapse analysis on low-rise (G+4), medium-rise (G+17) and high-rise (G+22) RCC buildings using Staad Pro software. Columns are removed to initiate progressive collapse, and demand capacity ratios are calculated to check if the structures meet acceptance criteria. The results show the low-rise and high-rise buildings meet criteria, but medium-rise building needs redesign due to higher demand capacity ratio.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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The document compares the response of three different column types in a multi-story building model under dynamic analysis: 1) A standard reinforced concrete column (Model 1), 2) A concrete-filled steel tube column (Model 2), and 3) A composite column with an I-section steel core and reinforcement (Model 3). The models are analyzed using ETABS software based on Indian seismic codes. Parameters like story acceleration, mode shape, column forces, story overturning moment, and base reaction are compared to evaluate the stability of each model under seismic loads.
IRJET- Planning, Analyzing and Design of High Rise Building using EtabsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses planning, analyzing, and designing a 15-story residential building using ETABS software.
2) It describes modeling the building in ETABS, including dimensions of columns, beams, slabs and applying loads like dead, live, and seismic.
3) The analysis involved evaluating bending moments, shear forces, and drift from equivalent static analysis in ETABS to ensure structural integrity under loads.
Influence of Concrete and Steel Outrigger and Belt Truss in High Rise Moment ...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes 7 models of a 44-story reinforced concrete frame building with different outrigger and belt truss configurations to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing lateral displacement, storey drifts, base shear, and fundamental time periods under wind and earthquake loads.
2. Analysis found that a model with X-braced outriggers was most effective at reducing top storey displacement by 29.21% and maximum story drift by 26.64% compared to the bare frame model without outriggers. A model with a belt truss was also effective, reducing displacement by 34.57% and drift by 30.75%.
3. Steel outriggers provided the least benefit, reducing displacement by only
Analysis and Design of an Earthquake Resistant Structure using STADD. ProIRJET Journal
This document describes analyzing and designing an earthquake resistant residential building in Mumbai using STADD.Pro software. The 11-story building is modeled in STADD.Pro and various loads including dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load are calculated and applied based on Indian codes. An equivalent static analysis is performed to calculate member forces and displacements. The building is then designed as an ordinary moment resisting frame using limit state design method and concrete grade M25 with reinforcement FE415. The output from STADD.Pro contains the design of each individual beam and column to ensure the structural safety of the building under all load combinations including lateral loads from earthquakes and wind.
A RESEARCH ON ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE COLLPSE OF RCC BUILDING WITH BLAST LOAD...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a research study on analyzing the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings under blast and seismic loading. Progressive collapse is defined as the failure or disproportionate collapse of a building due to the spread of local failure through the structure. The study performs progressive collapse analysis on low-rise (G+4), medium-rise (G+17) and high-rise (G+22) RCC buildings using Staad Pro software. Columns are removed to initiate progressive collapse, and demand capacity ratios are calculated to check if the structures meet acceptance criteria. The results show the low-rise and high-rise buildings meet criteria, but medium-rise building needs redesign due to higher demand capacity ratio.
Similar to Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of RC Frame Structure with and without Belt Truss and Outrigger Truss (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Solving Linear Differential Equations with Constant CoefficientsIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses methods for finding the solutions to linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines such an equation and explains that the complete solution is the combination of the complementary function (C.F.) and particular integral (P.I.).
2) Various methods are presented for determining the C.F. depending on whether the roots of the auxiliary equation are real, imaginary, repeated, etc.
3) Rules are provided for obtaining the P.I. based on the type of function involved (exponential, trigonometric, power, etc.). Examples are worked through to demonstrate the full solution process.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.