Chapter 12 special treatments

Content
 Introduction
 Fire Protection
 Water Resistant Construction
 Thermal Insulation
 Acoustical Construction
 Anti Termite Treatment

Introduction
Normally the structural engineerdesign the building
to carry various loads acting on it safely without failure
the various components of building including
foundation is taken extreme care while designing in
construction stages.
However for safety and comfort of the occupants, a
building must be given some additional treatments,
these treatmentsare called special treatments.

Fire Protection - General
The following facts in connection with fire protection
in building should be remembered:
 It’s too expensive to make all the building fully
protected against fire.
Itdoesn’t necessarily follow thata nonecombustible
material possesses more power to resist fire.
The main purposeof making a building fire resistant
is to protect life, goods, and activitieswithin the
building
The degree of fire resistance required will largely
depend on the useof building




 In case of fire hazard, the danger is from fire, smoke
and panic.
The means of scape from fire should be located in
such away that they remain unobstructed by smoke
or fumes


Causes Of Fire
 Smoking is unauthorized places
 Electrical faultyof wiring and shortcircuiting
 Heating and cooking equipments
 Playing with matches
 Open flame and sparks
 Flammable liquids
 Chimneys
 Lighting
 Spontaneouscombustion

Effects Of Fire
Carbon Monoxide(CO)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Hydrogen Sulphide(H2S)
Nitrogen Sulphide (NS)

Fire Hazard
The nature of damages and dangers caused
by fire can be broadly
types:
1. Personal Hazard
2. Damage Hazard
3. Exposure Hazard
divided into three

Personal Hazard
 It is the hazard to the occupants of the
building. This dangercan be taken care of
by providing adequate means of escape for
the occupants, so that they can reach the
place of safety in the shortest possible time
in the event of the fire.

Damage Hazard
 The hazard to the structureand its contentsand
components is called damage hazard

Exposure Hazard
 The hazard due to the spread of fire toother buildings
is called exposure hazards.

WATER - RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION

Water Resistant Construction (Damp
Proofing)
Causes of dampness:
Rising of moisture from the ground1.
2. Action of rain
3. Rain penetration from topof walls
4. Condensation
5. Miscellaneous causes

Materials Used For Damp Proofing
Hot Bitumen1.
2. Mastic Asphalt
3. Bituminous felts
4. Metal Sheets
5. Stone
6. Breaks
7. Mortar
8. Cement Concrete
9. Plastic Sheets

Thermal Insulation
 The term thermal insulation is used to indicate the
construction or provisions by way of which
transmission of heat from or in the room is retarded.

Advantages Of
1. Comfort
2. Fuel Saving
3. Preventation
Thermal Insolation
of condensation
4. Watersystem

Thermal Insulating
1. Slab or block insulation
2. Blanket insulation
3. Loose fill insulation
4. Bat insulating materials
5. Insulating boards
6. Refective sheet materials
7. Lightweight materials
Materials

Acoustical Construction
The knowledge of
functional design:
Theatres
acoustics is necessary for the proper
1.
2. Cinema halls
3. Auditoriums
4. Conference halls
5. Hospitals, etc

Characteristics Of Audible Sounds
Intensity and loudness
Frequency and pitch
Quality or tone

Requirements of a good acoustic material










It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
It
should
should
should
should
should
should
should
should
should
should
have high coefficient of absorption.
be relativelycheapand available.
give pleasing apperance.
be efficient.
be fire resistant.
be self supporting.
have sufficientstructural strength.
be heat insulating material.
not be liable toattack by insects.
be durable.

Anti-Termite Treatment
The term termite
proofing is used to
indicate the treatment
which is given to a
building so as to
prevent the growth of
termite in a building.

 Anti Termite can be divided into two categories:
A)Pre construction treatment
Site preparation1.
2. Soil treatment
3. Structural barriers
B)Postconstruction treatment

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