Chandigarh - planning and its transformation

Submitted to:
submitted by:
Ar Pooja Nigam Gagan Kumar Tanwar,
2014PAR5117
CHANDIGAR
H

INTRODUCTION
Chandigarh is one of the most significant urban
planning experiments of the 20th century. It is the
only one of the numerous urban planning
schemes of Le Corbusier to have actually been
executed. It is also the site of some of his
greatest architectural creations. The city has had
a far-reaching impact, ushering in a modern idiom
of architecture and city planning all over India. It
has become a symbol of planned urbanism. It is
as famous for its landscaping as for its
architectural ambience. Most of the buildings are
in pure, cubical form, geometrically subdivided
with emphasis on proportion, scale and detail.

HISTORY
 SINCE PUNJAB WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS, THE
CAPITAL WAS LEFT IN PAKISTAN THERE FORE
PUNJAB IN INDIA REQUIRED NEW CAPITAL
 LE CORBUSIER WAS APPROACHED BY PUNJAB
GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA
 CHANDIGARH IS A BOLD EXPERIMENT IN MODERN
CIVIC DESIGN
 MAXWELL FRY, JANE DREW AND PIERRE JEANNERET
WERE ALSO INVOLVED IN THE TEAM OF ARCHITECTS
 WHEN LE CORBUSIER ASSUMED CONTROL OF THE
CHANDIGARH PROJECT IN 1951, HOWEVER THE
DESIGN OF THE CITY HAD ALREADY BEEN DEVISED
BY THE NEW YORK FIRM OF MAYER, WHITTLESEY,
AND GLASS WHO RECEIVED A CONTRACT FOR THE
MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH IN 1950

GEOGRAPHICAL AND
DEMOGRAPHICAL PROFILE
 Area 114 sq kms
 Longitude 76 47' 14E
 Latitude 30 44' 14N
 Total Population (2011 census)
10.55 Lacs(97.25% people live in urban
regions)
 Density of population/sq. km.7,900

IDEA OF LE CORBUSIER
The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale.
 Head–capitol (place of power)
 Heart –the city centre
 Stomach–the commercial area
 Arms–university and Industrial zone
 Lungs–leisure valley ,open spaces
 Arteries–network of roads

SECTORS
The key of modern urbanism is 'the Sector',
which was defined as a container of family
life (24 solar hours: night and day). Each
sector was 800 meters by 1,200 meters,
enclosed by roads allocated to fast-
mechanized transport and sealed to direct
access from the houses. The population
would be approximately from 5,000 to 20,000
inhabitants. Chandigarh had 30 sectors.

ROADS
The roads of the city were classified into seven
categories, known as the system of 7 Vs.
 V-1 Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other
towns;
 V-2 Arterial roads;
 V-3 Fast vehicular roads;
 V-4 Free Flowing shopping streets;
 V-5 Sector circulation roads;
 V-6 Access roads to houses;
 V-7 Footpaths and cycle tracks

HOUSING
The residential buildings were governed by a
mechanism known as 'frame control' created by
the municipal administration to control their
facades. This fixed the
building line and height and the use of building
materials. Certain standard sizes of doors and
windows are specified and all the gates and
boundary walls must conform to standard design.
The idea was to ensure that the view from the
street, which belonged to the community, was of
same visual order and discipline to maintain
uniformity.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
All buildings located in the City Centre and
commercial or institutional buildings located along
V-2 roads were subjected to controls. The system
of the City Centre was based on a grid of
columns. fixed 5.26 meters shuttering pattern on
concrete and a system of glazing or screen walls
behind the line of columns. The interior planning
was left to the owners. and in the exterior, certain
variations are permitted to give variety to the
architectural composition.

THE SECRETARIAT THE HIGH
COURT THE ASSEMBLY HALL

CONCLUSION
POSITIVE HIGHLIGHTS
 Each sector satisfies the necessities of human
needs
 Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy
vehicles
 Shops on ground floor, Residence on upper floor
 Shop protected from rain and sun, as a covered
walkway for the customers

NEGATIVE HIGHLIGHTS
 Roads being similar to each other creates
confusion
 Brutal concrete gives a rough look
 City not planned for lower income people.
 Existence of slums around the city

DEVELOPMENT IN
CHANDIGARH
The city of Chandigarh was developed in 3 phases
:
 Sectors 1 to 30 have been developed in Phase-I
, it was completely developed in 1975.
 Sector 31to 47 have been developed in Phase-
II , for accommodating population of 5 lakhs in
combined.
 Sectors from 48 to 56 in Phase III has been
taken up

GROWTH OF CHANDIGARH
 The Chandigarh has become Hi-tech city by
setting up of I.T. park.
 The Chandigarh being the regional centre is hub
of political and bureaucratic activities of the 3
neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana and
Himachal Pradesh.
 The high profile education and health facilities are
available in the Chandigarh, like Punjab
Engineering College and PGI, York, Fortis.
 The Chandigarh has its tourist potential.

PROBLEMS
With the development of the city, it is also
confronting some problems because population
increased in city due to high rate of migration to
cities and due to that :
 Water supply demand is increased
 Sanitation problem occurs
 And slum development started

VILLAGES AND SLUMS
 There are 18 villages in Chandigarh city and 4
villages are under municipal boundary.
 There are 14 unauthorised slums have population
of 70000.

SLUM REHABILATION ON
PERIPHERY

VISION IN TERMS OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
 Safeguarding the health, integrated management
of water source, liquid & solid waste and
protection of environment.
 Protection of environment and safeguarding the
health of the general public by providing a
complete underground sewerage system.
 100% Coverage of the whole green area in
gardens, parks and open spaces with tertiary
treated water in order to save the potable water of
drinking purposes.
 To have good connectivity of city with other cities
through roads and better solid waste collection
centres.

REFERENCES
 CENSUS 2011
 CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CHANDIGARH
 MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH CITY
 WIKIPEDIA

Chandigarh - planning and its transformation

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